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Patias NS, de Queiroz EAIF, Ferrarini SR, Bomfim GF, Aguiar DH, Sinhorin AP, Bello AA, da Silva GVF, Cavalheiro L, Sinhorin VDG. Effect of Liposomal Protium heptaphyllum (Alb.) March Extract in the Treatment of Obesity Induced by High-Calorie Diet. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:535. [PMID: 39056728 PMCID: PMC11274057 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic disease, resulted from excessive consumption of high-calorie foods, leading to an energy imbalance. Protium heptaphyllum (P. heptaphyllum) was used in folk medicine for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. The association of the extract from P. heptaphyllum with nanotechnology was innovative for combining high technology with active ingredients that are easily accessible in the Amazon region. This study evaluated the effect of liposomes containing the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude extract of P. heptaphyllum leaves on obesity. Male Wistar rats treated with a high-calorie diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity received treatment with the liposome formulation containing P. heptaphyllum extract (1 mg/kg/day, via gavage) for 14 days. Morphological, metabolic, redox status, immunological, and histological parameters were evaluated in the adipose and liver tissue of the animals. The groups were divided as follows: C: control; P: liposomes containing extract; O: obese, and OP: obese + liposomes containing extract. The obesity model resulted in increases in body weight, caloric intake, body fat weight, and in the lipid profile. In adipose tissue, P decreased SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity in obese animals. In the liver, a positive modulation of the extract was observed in relation to glucose, amino acids, lactate, hepatoprotective action, and anti-inflammatory activity, with a decrease in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in obese animals. The results showed an improvement in the functional and inflammatory aspects, but the treatment was not effective in alleviating general changes related to obesity, such as weight gain, fat, glucose, triglycerides, and inflammation in adipose tissue, highlighting the complexity of responses in different organs during obesity and treatment with P. heptaphyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiéle Sartori Patias
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity of the Pro Centro-Oeste Network, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (N.S.P.); (A.P.S.)
| | | | - Stela Regina Ferrarini
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil;
| | - Gisele Facholi Bomfim
- NUPADS—Health Research and Teaching Support Center, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil (G.F.B.)
| | - Danilo Henrique Aguiar
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (D.H.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Adilson Paulo Sinhorin
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity of the Pro Centro-Oeste Network, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (N.S.P.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Alexandre Aymberé Bello
- Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (A.A.B.); (G.V.F.d.S.)
| | | | - Larissa Cavalheiro
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (D.H.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Valéria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity of the Pro Centro-Oeste Network, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (N.S.P.); (A.P.S.)
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Yang CW, Liu HM, Chang ZY, Liu GH, Chang HH, Huang PY, Lee TY. Puerarin Modulates Hepatic Farnesoid X Receptor and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5274. [PMID: 38791314 PMCID: PMC11121391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study investigated the effects of puerarin, a bioactive isoflavone, on lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Supplementation with puerarin reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase, liver triglyceride, liver free fatty acid (FFA), and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice. Puerarin's beneficial metabolic effects were attenuated when farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was antagonized, suggesting FXR-mediated mechanisms. In hepatocytes, puerarin ameliorated high FFA-induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1 signaling, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in an FXR-dependent manner. In obese mice, puerarin reduced liver damage, regulated hepatic lipogenesis, decreased inflammation, improved mitochondrial function, and modulated mitophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, but was less effective in FXR knockout mice. Puerarin upregulated hepatic expression of FXR, bile salt export pump (BSEP), and downregulated cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and sodium taurocholate transporter (NTCP), indicating modulation of bile acid synthesis and transport. Puerarin also restored gut microbial diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and the abundance of Clostridium celatum and Akkermansia muciniphila. This study demonstrates that puerarin effectively ameliorates metabolic disturbances and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice, predominantly through FXR-dependent pathways. These findings underscore puerarin's potential as a therapeutic agent for managing obesity and enhancing gut health, highlighting its dual role in improving metabolic functions and modulating microbial communities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Isoflavones/pharmacology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Mice
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Male
- Dysbiosis
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Mice, Knockout
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Symporters/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Akkermansia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Division of Internal and Pediatric Chinese Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333423, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Miao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
| | - Geng-Hao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
- Division of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333008, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10844, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
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Liu L, Kapralov M, Ashton M. Plant-derived compounds as potential leads for new drug development targeting COVID-19. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1522-1554. [PMID: 38281731 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19, which was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, is a respiratory illness caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although some patients infected with COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic, most experience a range of symptoms that can be mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of taste or smell and muscle aches. In severe cases, complications can arise including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure and even death, particularly in older adults or individuals with underlying health conditions. Treatments for COVID-19 include remdesivir, which has been authorised for emergency use in some countries, and dexamethasone, a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in severe cases. Biological drugs including monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, have also been authorised for emergency use in certain situations. While these treatments have improved the outcome for many patients, there is still an urgent need for new treatments. Medicinal plants have long served as a valuable source of new drug leads and may serve as a valuable resource in the development of COVID-19 treatments due to their broad-spectrum antiviral activity. To date, various medicinal plant extracts have been studied for their cellular and molecular interactions, with some demonstrating anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro. This review explores the evaluation and potential therapeutic applications of these plants against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarises the latest evidence on the activity of different plant extracts and their isolated bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the application of plant-derived compounds in animal models and in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiu Liu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Maxim Kapralov
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Ashton
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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Li Z, Wu J, Zhao Y, Song J, Wen Y. Natural products and dietary interventions on liver enzymes: an umbrella review and evidence map. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1300860. [PMID: 38371505 PMCID: PMC10869519 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1300860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between natural products and dietary interventions on liver enzymes is unclear; therefore, this study aimed to examine their effects on liver enzymes in adults. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews databases were searched from inception until March 2023. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) systems were used to assess the methodological and evidence quality, and the therapeutic effects were summarized in a narrative form. Results A total of 40 meta-analyses on natural products (n = 25), dietary supplements (n = 10), and dietary patterns (n = 5) were evaluated, and results were presented in a narrative form. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was relatively poor. The results indicated that positive effects were observed for nigella sativa, garlic, artichoke, curcumin, silymarin, vitamin E, vitamin D, L-carnitine, propolis, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on certain liver enzymes. The dietary patterns, including high-protein, Mediterranean, and calorie-restriction diets and evening snacks, may reduce liver enzymes; however, other supplements and herbs did not reduce liver enzyme levels or have minimal effects. The evidence quality was generally weak given the risk of bias, heterogeneity, and imprecision. Conclusion This umbrella review suggests that natural products and dietary interventions have beneficial therapeutic effects on liver enzymes levels. Further clinical trials are necessary to establish the effectiveness of supplements that reduce liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingpan Zhao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Song
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Wen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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邓 广, 贾 慧, 李 允, 李 俊, 吴 潮, 石 皓, 秦 梦, 赵 嘉, 刘 畅, 廖 雨, 高 磊. [ Erchen Decoction improves iron homeostasis in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating iron transport capacity in the spleen]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1287-1296. [PMID: 37712264 PMCID: PMC10505571 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Erchen Decoction on iron homeostasis in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its mechanism for regulating iron transport in spleen cells. METHODS Thirty male C57BL/6J mice were given a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and randomized (n=6) at the 7th week for gavage (3 times a week) of drinking water (NAFLD model group), Erchen Decoction at low, medium and high doses (7.5, 15, and 30g/kg, respectively), or polyene phosphatidyl choline (PPC; 9.12 mg/kg), with another 6 mice with low-fat and low-sugar feeding as the control group. The active components of Erchen Decoction were determined by HPLC-MS. Lipid accumulation in the liver was evaluated by HE staining and Nile red staining. Prussian blue staining was used to observe iron content in the spleen. The iron ion content in the liver tissue was detected using a detection kit. The expressions of ferroportin1 (Fpn1), transferrin receptor (TfR), Steap3, HO-1, Ter-119, CD163 and CD68 were detected using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Medium- and high-dose Erchen Decoction partially reversed the increase of lipid accumulation in the liver of NAFLD mice and showed better lipid-lowering effect than PPC. The NAFLD mice showed significantly decreased iron ion content in the spleen with increased hepatic and serum iron contents (P < 0.05), decreased TfR protein expression (P < 0.05), and increased Fpn1 and Steap3 protein expressions (P < 0.05), and these changes were significantly improved by the drug interventions. Erchen Decoction also improved the function of CD163 macrophages in the spleen of NAFLD mice by up-regulating the expression of HO-1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Erchen Decoction can alleviate high-fat diet-induced iron metabolism disorder by improving the iron ion transport ability of the spleen cells to delay the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- 广辉 邓
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学中西医结合医院消化内科,广东 广州 510315Department of Gastroenterology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - 慧 贾
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 允家 李
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 俊杰 李
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 潮锋 吴
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 皓 石
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 梦晨 秦
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 嘉敏 赵
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 畅 刘
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 雨欣 廖
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 磊 高
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学中西医结合医院消化内科,广东 广州 510315Department of Gastroenterology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
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Guo L, Zhang X, Lv N, Wang L, Gan J, Jiang X, Wang Y. Therapeutic Role and Potential Mechanism of Resveratrol in Atherosclerosis: TLR4/NF- κB/HIF-1 α. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1097706. [PMID: 37292256 PMCID: PMC10247328 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1097706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the main pathological basis of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease that severely affects the quality of human life. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural polyphenol that is a major component of many herbs and foods. The present study analyzed resveratrol from the perspective of visualization and bibliometric analysis and found that resveratrol is closely related to the inflammatory response in cardiovascular diseases (associated with atherosclerosis). To explore the specific molecular mechanism of resveratrol, network pharmacology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used, in which HIF-1α signaling may be a key pathway in the treatment of AS. Furthermore, we induced the polarization of macrophage RAW264.7 to M1 type to generate inflammatory response by the combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (200 ng/mL) + interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (2.5 ng/mL). LPS and IFN-γ increased the inflammatory factor levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in RAW264.7, and the proportion of M1-type macrophages also increased, but the expression of inflammatory factors decreased after resveratrol administration, which confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol in AS. In addition, we found that resveratrol downregulated the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB/hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). In conclusion, resveratrol has a significant anti-inflammatory effect, alleviates HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis, and prevents the progression of AS through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District Tianjin 301617, China
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Qu J, Ye M, Wen C, Cheng X, Zou L, Li M, Liu X, Liu Z, Wen L, Wang J. Compound dark tea ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis and modulates the gut microbiota in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1082250. [PMID: 36742427 PMCID: PMC9895393 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1082250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark tea is a fermented tea that plays a role in regulating the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms. Previous studies have found that dark tea can improve obesity and has a lipid-lowering effect. In this study, green tea, Ilex latifolia Thunb (kuding tea) and Momordica grosvenori (Luo Han Guo) were added to a new compound dark tea (CDT), to improve the taste and health of this beverage. High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice were treated with low- (6 mg/mL) or high- (12 mg/mL) concentrations of CDT for 18 weeks to assess their effect on lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that low- and high-concentrations of CDT could reduce body weight by 15 and 16% and by 44 and 38% of body fat, respectively, by attenuating body weight gain and fat accumulation, improving glucose tolerance, alleviating metabolic endotoxemia, and regulating the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes. In addition, low concentrations of CDT were able to reduce the abundance of Desulfovibrio, which is positively associated with obesity, and increase the abundance of Ruminococcus, which are negatively associated with obesity. This study demonstrates the effect of CDT on ameliorating lipid metabolism and provides new insights into the research and development of functional tea beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Qu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengke Ye
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Wen
- Hunan Chu Ming Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xianyu Cheng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lirui Zou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Zhonghua Liu ✉
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Lixin Wen ✉
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China,Ji Wang ✉
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8
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Ning DS, Chen YJ, Lin CJ, Wang CC, Zhao HW, Wang KT, Lee MC, Tayo LL, Chiu WC, Yeh CL, Lee CJ. Hepatoprotective effect of botanical drug formula on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting anti-oxidation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026912. [PMID: 36506588 PMCID: PMC9729544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the prevalence of obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become increasingly common. In recent years, much attention has been paid to various plant sources, hoping to find a treatment for NAFLD in plants. The Livsooth authentic herbal formula (LAH, ), a botanical drug formula combined with Puerariae lobatae radix, Lonicerae japonicae flos, Hoveniae semen, and Siraitiae fructus. This study used a network pharmacology approach to predict the potential mechanisms of LAH against NAFLD. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses have identified potential biochemical and signaling pathways. Subsequently, the potential mechanism of action of LAH on NAFLD predicted by network pharmacology analysis was validated in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD model in C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that LAH ameliorated hepatocyte steatosis in liver tissue by activating the AMPK pathway and decreasing serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, and cholesterol. Besides, LAH increased the hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities, suggested that LAH improved oxidative stress markers in HFD induced NAFLD mice. In vitro experiments confirmed that the active component of LAH, puerarin, regulates lipid accumulation through the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, our study shows that network pharmacology predictions are consistent with experimental validation. LAH can be a candidate supplement for the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Shan Ning
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological Materials Science and Engineering, Mapúa University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Li Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Chia-Jung Lee,
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9
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Zhang S, Xu Y, Ye M, Ye W, Xiao J, Zhou H, Zhang W, Shu Y, Huang Y, Chen Y. Resveratrol in Liquor Exacerbates Alcoholic Liver Injury with a Reduced Therapeutic Effect in Mice: An Unsupervised Herbal Wine Habit Is Risky. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224752. [PMID: 36432440 PMCID: PMC9692393 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People in Eastern countries hold a tradition of soaking herbal medicine in wine; however, the efficacy and safety of herbal wine have not been rigorously assessed. By assessing the efficacy of resveratrol (RSV) in ethanol against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice, we aimed to offer a perspective on the use of herbal wine. To simulate the behaviour of herbal wine users, RSV (15 mg/kg) soaked in ethanol (RSV-alcohol) was administrated via gavage to the mice, here with alcohol consumption-induced ALD. RSV soaked in water (RSV-water) was the treatment control. The efficacy and safety of RSV on ALD were evaluated. Compared with the RSV-water group, a higher rate of mortality was found in the RSV-alcohol group (50.0% vs. 20.0%), which also exhibited more severe liver injury. RSV significantly increased the exposure of alcohol by 126.0%, which was accompanied by a significant inhibition of the ethanol metabolic pathway. In contrast, alcohol consumption significantly reduced exposure to RSV by 95.0%. Alcohol consumption had little effect on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in RSV; however, alcohol seemed to reduce the absorption of RSV. RSV in liquor exacerbates alcoholic liver injury and has a reduced therapeutic effect, suggesting that the habit of herbal wine use without supervision is risky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengling Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenli Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-137-8710-2228 (Y.H.); +86-731-8480-5380 (Y.C.)
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-137-8710-2228 (Y.H.); +86-731-8480-5380 (Y.C.)
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10
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Yagüe E, Sun H, Hu Y. East Wind, West Wind: Toward the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1057817. [PMID: 36440293 PMCID: PMC9685990 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1057817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has used herbal remedies for more than 2,000 years. The use of complimentary therapies has increased dramatically during the last years, especially in the West, and the incorporation and modernization of TCM in current medical practice is gaining momentum. We reflect on the main bottlenecks in the modernization of arcane Chinese herbal medicine: lack of standardization, safety concerns and poor quality of clinical trials, as well as the ways these are being overcome. Progress in these areas will facilitate the implementation of an efficacy approach, in which only successful clinical trials lead to the molecular characterization of active compounds and their mechanism of action. Traditional pharmacological methodologies will produce novel leads and drugs, and we describe TCM successes such as the discovery of artemisinin as well as many others still in the pipeline. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, cancer and cardiovascular disease are the main cause of mortality in the Western world and, with an increasing old population in South East Asia, this trend will also increase in the Far East. TCM has been used for long time for treating these diseases in China and other East Asian countries. However, the holistic nature of TCM requires a paradigm shift. By changing our way of thinking, from "one-target, one-drug" to "network-target, multiple-component-therapeutics," network pharmacology, together with other system biology methodologies, will pave the way toward TCM modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Yagüe
- Division of Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - He Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Cloudphar Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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11
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Potential Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Medicine in Mitochondria-Mediated Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102041. [PMID: 36290765 PMCID: PMC9598588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that play a role in ATP synthesis, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction status, apoptosis, and inflammation. Several human disorders have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been found that traditional therapeutic herbs are effective on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to oxidative stress is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and is considered critical for treatment. The role of oxidative stress, lipid toxicity, and inflammation in NAFLD are well known. NAFLD is a chronic liver disease that commonly progresses to cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, and people with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are at a higher risk of developing NAFLD. NAFLD is associated with a number of pathological factors, including insulin resistance, lipid metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. As a result, the improvement in steatosis and inflammation is enough to entice researchers to look into liver disease treatment. However, antioxidant treatment has not been very effective for liver disease. Additionally, it has been suggested that the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on immunity and inflammation are governed by various mechanisms for lipid metabolism and inflammation control. This review provided a summary of research on herbal medicines for the therapeutic implementation of mitochondria-mediated ROS production in liver disease as well as clinical applications through herbal medicine. In addition, the pathophysiology of common liver disorders such as ALD and NAFLD would be investigated in the role that mitochondria play in the process to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with liver disease.
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12
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Othman MS, Khaled AM, Aleid GM, Fareid MA, Hameed RA, Abdelfattah MS, Aldin DE, Moneim AEA. Evaluation of antiobesity and hepatorenal protective activities of Salvia officinalis extracts pre-treatment in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75043-75056. [PMID: 35648345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of Hail Salvia officinalis total extract (SOTE) and its high flavonoid fraction (SOHFF) on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatorenal damage in rats. Salvia officinalis plants were collected from Hail region, Saudi Arabia. Rats were fed HFD and supplemented orally with SOTE (250 mg kg-1) or SOHFF (100 mg kg-1) or simvastatin (SVS; 10 mg kg-1) every day for 8 weeks. Compared to the controls, HFD-induced obesity led to significant increases in body weight, body weight gained, blood insulin, leptin, cardiac enzymes (LDH and CPK) activity, and atherogenic index (AI). HFD rats also showed higher levels of hepatic and renal function biomarkers (ALT, urea, and creatinine), as well as lower levels of PPARγ and Nrf2-gene expression and a disrupted lipid profile. Moreover, HFD rats had lower levels of hepatic and renal antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GPx, SOD, GR, and GSH), accompanied by higher levels of hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). In addition, histological examination of hepatic and renal tissues revealed histopathological changes that validated the biochemical findings. Compared to HFD group, SOTE and SOHFF treatment led to marked amelioration of all the aforementioned parameters. Collectively, supplementation with SOTE and SOHFF effectively reversed HFD-induced alterations through its antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, SOTE and SOHFF have therapeutic potential in controlling obesity and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Othman
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Khaled
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Aleid
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Fareid
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A Hameed
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Ezz Aldin
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Su Y, Kang Y, Yi J, Lin Q, Zhang C, Lin Z, Yan Z, Qu J, Liu J. Isoschaftoside Reverses Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Activating Autophagy In Vivo and In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2122563. [PMID: 35795282 PMCID: PMC9252632 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common metabolic liver disease globally, and the incidence of NAFLD has been increasing rapidly year by year. Currently, there is no effective pharmacotherapy for NAFLD. Therefore, studies are urgently needed to explore therapeutic drugs for NAFLD. In this study, we show that isoschaftoside (ISO) dramatically reduces lipid deposition in cells. Meanwhile, ISO treatment reverses the NAFLD and reduces hepatic steatosis in mice. Importantly, we reveal that ISO suppresses the expression of light-chain 3-II (LC3-II) and SQSTM1/p62 in palmitic acid (PA) induced autophagy inhibition in the cell model and the NAFLD mouse model, which suggests that ISO might reverse NAFLD through regulating autophagy flux. We propose that ISO might alleviate hepatic steatosis in NAFLD via regulating autophagy machinery. Consequently, our study suggests that ISO might be of potential clinical value in the field of NAFLD therapy. ISO might have the potential for future therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Su
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yixing Kang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Qirui Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chaochuang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zewei Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zilong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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14
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Kumari P, Manik M, Bhattacharya K, Dev R, Varshney A. Livogrit Prevents Methionine-Cystine Deficiency Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Modulation of Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Hepatocyte-Derived Spheroid and in Primary Rat Hepatocytes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10811-10826. [PMID: 35485140 PMCID: PMC9208489 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2065789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by fatty liver, oxidative injury, and inflammation, has considerably increased in the recent years. Due to the complexity of NASH pathogenesis, compounds which can target different mechanisms and stages of NASH development are required. A robust screening model with translational capability is also required to develop therapies targeting NASH. In this study, we used HepG2 spheroids and rat primary hepatocytes to evaluate the potency of Livogrit, a tri-herbal Ayurvedic prescription medicine, as a hepatoprotective agent. NASH was developed in the cells via methionine and cystine-deficient cell culture media. Livogrit at concentration of 30 µg/mL was able to prevent NASH development by decreasing lipid accumulation, ROS production, AST release, NFκB activation and increasing lipolysis, GSH (reduced glutathione), and mitochondrial membrane potential. This study suggests that Livogrit might reduce the lipotoxicity-mediated ROS generation and subsequent production of inflammatory mediators as evident from the increased gene expression of FXR, FGF21, CHOP, CXCL5, and their normalization due to Livogrit treatment. Taken together, Livogrit showed the potential as a multimodal therapeutic formulation capable of attenuating the development of NASH. Our study highlights the potential of Livogrit as a hepatoprotective agent with translational possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India.,Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar, India.,Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Moumita Manik
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India.,Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Haridwar, India.,Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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15
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Liu M, Chen X, Chen H, Wu X, Fan W, Chen J. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery System for Anticancer Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicines: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:2011-2032. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The variable dosage forms of most traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) could be disadvantaged by low selectivity, poor biological distribution, limited bioavailability with low efficacy, and some adverse effects. These issues limit the control of clinical pharmacodynamics of the antitumor active components. With the progress of science and technology, many new polymer materials and new technologies have emerged, such as nanotechnology, cyclodextrin inclusion, solid dispersion, microcapsule and microsphere technologies. These new technologies provide a good basis for exploring novel TCM dosage forms for overcoming the shortcomings. The increased numbers of new technologies have been used to study TCM dosage forms with remarkable achievements. In this review paper, we will provide a systematic overview of the new dosage forms of nano-formulations and co-medications in relation to nano-delivery systems in an attempt to provide useful references for practical application of active antitumor ingredients from the TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xinmei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fan
- Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P. R. China
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
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16
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Comprehensive chemical profiling of the flowers of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. and uncovering the active ingredients of lipid lowering. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 211:114621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Khalil M, Hayek S, Khalil N, Serale N, Vergani L, Calasso M, De Angelis M, Portincasa P. Role of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) in the management of metabolic syndrome and related disorders: Focus on NAFLD-atherosclerosis interplay. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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18
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Huang P, Hao M, Gao Q, Ruan J, Yang S, Liu M, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Wang T. Constituents of Morus alba var. multicaulis leaf improve lipid metabolism by activating the AMPK signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. J Nat Med 2021; 76:200-209. [PMID: 34743295 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
One new compound, 3Z-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-hexene-1,5-diol (1), together with 26 known isolates (2-27) were obtained from the leaf of Morus alba var. multicaulis. Among the known compounds, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, and 24 were firstly obtained from the Morus genus; 2-5, 8, 10, 13, and 20 were firstly isolated from M. alba. var. multlcaulis. Meanwhile, the NMR data of 20 and 23 have been reported here for the first time. Moreover, compounds 1-11, 13, 21, and 23-27 showed inhibitory effects on triglyceride (TG) accumulation in HepG2 cells. In mechanism, compound 1 could activate the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) to accelerate the β-oxidation of fatty acids via promoting the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and up-regulating carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A. Besides, compound 1 exerted lipolysis effect by activating hormone-sensitive lipase. In brief, compound 1 might play a role by up-regulating phosphorylation of AMPKα, enhancing the fatty acid β-oxidation and lipolysis. 27 compounds were obtained from the leaf of Morus alba var. multicaulis. Among them, 18 showed inhibitory effects on TG accumulation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the new compound, 3Z-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-hexene-1,5-diol (1), was found to play a role by up-regulating phosphorylation of AMPKα, enhancing the fatty acids β-oxidation and lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mimi Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jingya Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shengcai Yang
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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19
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Kai Y, Gao J, Liu H, Wang Y, Tian C, Guo S, He L, Li M, Tian Z, Song X. Effects of IL-33 on 3T3-L1 cells and obese mice models induced by a high-fat diet. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108209. [PMID: 34624652 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a syndrome that attributes to many factors such as genetics, diet, lifestyle and environment, which includes an imbalance of immune regulation. IL-33, as a new member of the IL-1 family, is classically associated with type 2 immune responses. Here, IL-33 was investigated for its ability to optimize lipid aggregation and ameliorate the inflammatory response in obesity. In vitro experimental results showed that, compared with the induction group, the treatment with 30 ng/mL IL-33 displayed a reduction in the number of lipid droplets. The expression levels of AceCS1 and PPARγ also decreased in the 30 ng/mL IL-33 group compared to the induction group. For confirmation in vivo, three groups of C57BL/6 mice were treated for 14 weeks: mice in control were fed with a normal diet; mice in the HFD and IL-33 groups were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and with sterile PBS or recombinant IL-33, respectively. Liver, muscle, spleen and four types of adipose tissue, as well as serum, were collected for further testing. Our data demonstrated that after 4-week treatment with recombinant IL-33, metabolic parameters in mice were improved significantly (visceral fat weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, liver steatosis, expression of lipid synthesis index and inflammatory response). Moreover, IL-33 treatment regulated the original distribution of IL-33 among different tissues. Hence, IL-33 modulated lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in obesity, which would be a novel therapeutic target for obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; School of Medicine, Xinxiang University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jingtao Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Chenrui Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of ophthalmology, the 371 Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
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20
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Zhou F, She W, He L, Zhu J, Gu L. The effect of anthocyanins supplementation on liver enzymes among patients with metabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 36:53-61. [PMID: 34510592 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to summarize and quantitatively examine the available evidence on the effectiveness of anthocyanin supplementation on liver enzymes among patients with metabolic disorders, by employing a systematic review and meta-analytic approach. Online databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of anthocyanin supplementation on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among patients with metabolic disorders. To estimate the overall effect of anthocyanin supplementation, we employed the random-effects model. In total, 12 RCTs were included in the systematic review. Pooled analysis did not show any significant changes in ALT (WMD: -0.92 U/L, 95% CI: -4.19 to 2.35, p = .58; I2 = 91.3%) and AST (WMD: -1.22 U/L, 95% CI: -3.43 to 0.99, p = .28; I2 = 87.0) concentrations after supplementation with anthocyanin. The dose and duration of supplementation were the potential sources of heterogeneity among most of the trials. However, subgroup analysis showed that the effect is not statistically significant in all subgroups. Overall, in our study, anthocyanin does not have any effect on liver enzyme levels significantly. However, future high-quality studies are still needed to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Zhou
- Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei She
- Clinical Laboratories, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuqun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Gu
- Department of Radiation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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21
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Chen P, Li Y, Xiao L. Berberine ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by decreasing the liver lipid content via reversing the abnormal expression of MTTP and LDLR. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1109. [PMID: 34504563 PMCID: PMC8383777 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. The present study explored the effect and mechanism of berberine (BBR) on NAFLD in rats. Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and NAFLD groups, which were fed a normal diet or high-fat diet, respectively, for 8 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on liver tissues and establishment of the NAFLD model was confirmed by microscopy. NAFLD rats were subsequently randomly subdivided and treated with saline or BBR for 8 weeks. The liver wet weight of rats in each group was measured, the liver tissue structure was observed by microscopy, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were detected using a semi-automatic biochemical detector. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), apolipoprotein B and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Compared with the control group, the liver wet weight of the NAFLD rats was higher; the liver showed obvious fatty degeneration and liver TG levels increased significantly, as did serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, FBG, HDL and LDL, while expression of MTTP and LDLR significantly decreased. Compared with the saline-treated NAFLD rats, the BBR-treated rats had reduced liver wet weight, improved liver steatosis and a significant decrease in liver TG levels, while ALT, AST, TC, TG, and LDL serum levels significantly decreased and MTTP levels were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, BBR treatment ameliorated the fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet in rats. Furthermore, BBR reversed the abnormal expression of MTTP and LDLR in rats with high-fat diet induced-NAFLD. The present findings suggest that fatty liver could be improved by BBR administration, via reversing the abnormal expression of MTTP and LDLR and inhibiting lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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22
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Yang Y, Li X, Chen S, Xiao M, Liu Z, Li J, Cheng Y. Mechanism and therapeutic strategies of depression after myocardial infarction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1401-1415. [PMID: 33594503 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression resulted as an important factor associated with the myocardial infarction (MI) prognosis. Patients with MI also have a higher risk for developing depression. Although the issue of depression after MI has become a matter of clinical concern, the molecular mechanism underlying depression after MI remains unclear, whereby several strategies suggested have not got ideal effects, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In this review, we summarized and discussed the occurrence mechanism of depression after MI, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) dysfunction, altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, gut microbiota imbalance, exosomal signal transduction, and inflammation. In addition, we offered a succinct overview of treatment, as well as some promising molecules especially from natural products for the treatment of depression after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuping Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Sixuan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhu Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Chang Z, Jian P, Zhang Q, Liang W, Zhou K, Hu Q, Liu Y, Liu R, Zhang L. Tannins in Terminalia bellirica inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma growth by regulating EGFR-signaling and tumor immunity. Food Funct 2021; 12:3720-3739. [PMID: 33900343 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (TB) are used as a multi-use therapeutic herbal product in the Tibetan medicinal system and are prescribed as a general health tonic in the traditional Ayurvedic medicinal system. It has been demonstrated that these fruits have a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunoregulatory effects, etc. However, the therapeutic effects of tannins in TB on HCC and the underlying mechanisms remain uncharacterized. In the current study, we aimed to identify the anti-tumor effect of tannins in TB by employing a H22 xenograft mouse model and by performing cell-based in vitro studies with the assistance of the network pharmacology analysis. The crude extract of TB was purified to yield total tannin fraction (TB-TF), and our results found that TB-TF significantly inhibited the tumor growth of H22 xenografts in mice by inducing apoptosis and reducing angiogenesis. A total of 90 compounds were then identified in TB-TF by UPLC-MS/MS, and 27 were found in serum after oral administration of TB-TF in mice. The network pharmacology analysis based on these absorbed components was performed and, along with experimental evidence, it revealed that the ERBB, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways may be involved in the anti-tumor effect of TB-TF on HCC. Furthermore, we suggested that TB-TF effectively modulated the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in H22 xenograft mice. In summary, our study demonstrated that TB-TF could be developed as a functional food, which is not only a promising anti-cancer reagent but also a potential candidate with bright prospects for the emerging trends of immunotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Jian
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Qiunan Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Wenyi Liang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Yuqi Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Lanzhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
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24
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Delli Bovi AP, Marciano F, Mandato C, Siano MA, Savoia M, Vajro P. Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:595371. [PMID: 33718398 PMCID: PMC7952971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.595371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and the other causal pathogenetic factors. Different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators contribute to NAFLD inflammatory and fibrotic progression, which is quite strictly linked to the lipotoxic liver injury from fatty acids and/or a wide variety of their biologically active metabolites in the context of either a two-hit or a (more recent) multiple parallel hits theory. An antioxidant defense system is usually able to protect hepatic cells from damaging effects caused by ROS, including those produced into the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., by-products generated by usual cellular metabolic processes, normal or dysbiotic microbiota, and/or diet through an enhanced gut–liver axis. Oxidative stress originating from the imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant defenses is under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. Healthy diet and physical activity have been shown to be effective on NAFLD also with antioxidant mechanisms, but compliance to these lifestyles is very low. Among several considered antioxidants, vitamin E has been particularly studied; however, data are still contradictory. Some studies with natural polyphenols proposed for NAFLD prevention and treatment are encouraging. Probiotics, prebiotics, diet, or fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors will likely assist in further selecting the treatment that could work best for a specific patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pia Delli Bovi
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciano
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Department of Pediatrics, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Siano
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Marcella Savoia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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25
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Gong X, Li T, Wan R, Sha L. Cordycepin attenuates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via down-regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107173. [PMID: 33352441 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin (CRD), an adenosine analog derived from traditional Chinese medicine, is an active component in Cordyceps militaris. It has been shown to have many protective effects during liver injury and ameliorate liver disease progression, but little is known about its effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to explore the effects of CRD on obesity-induced NAFLD. In this experiment, C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned into normal control group (NC), high fat diet group (HFD) and HFD + CRD group for 8 weeks. The body weights were recorded weekly, at the end of the experiments, the liver and serum samples were collected. We found that CRD administration reduced body weight and decreased the weight of adipose and liver, and CRD relieved liver injure through diminishing of histopathological changes and decreasing serum levels of AST, ALT, TG, TC, LDL-C and increased the level of HDL-C. Furthermore, treatment with CRD significantly alleviated expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and Il-1β) and macrophage markers (MCP1, MIP2, mKC and VCAM1). On the other hand, compared with HFD group, the CRD treated group markedly down-regulated relative proteins of lipid anabolism (SREBP1-c, ACC, SCD-1, LXRα and CD36) and up-regulated relative proteins of β-oxidation (p-AMPK, AMPK, CPT-1 and PPARα). In summary, our results suggest that CRD can be a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD, which may be closely related to its effect on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Tianju Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China
| | - Rongzhen Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China.
| | - Lin Sha
- Department of Prevention & Healthcare, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China.
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26
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Ren L, Guo HN, Yang J, Guo XY, Wei YS, Yang Z. Dissecting Efficacy and Metabolic Characteristic Mechanism of Taxifolin on Renal Fibrosis by Multivariate Approach and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:608511. [PMID: 33519473 PMCID: PMC7841412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin (TFN) is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity; however, its pharmacological mechanism is not clear. In this study, our aim is to gain insight into the effects of TFN and its potential mechanisms in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) animal model using metabolomics approach to identify the metabolic biomarkers and perturbed pathways. Serum metabolomics analysis by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was carried out to discover the changes in the metabolic profile. It showed that TFN has a significant protective effect on UUO-induced renal fibrosis and a total of 32 potential biomarkers were identified and related to RF progression. Of note, 27 biomarkers were regulated by TFN treatment, which participate in eight metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. It also showed that metabolomics was a promising strategy to better dissect metabolic characteristics and pharmacological mechanisms of natural compounds by multivariate approach and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao-Nan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Ye-Sheng Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
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27
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Bai R, Yuan C, Wang T, Liu L, Li J, Lai Y, Li H, Chen Z, Li C, Ke D, Yamahara J, Yao L, Wang JW. Apple pomace and rosemary extract ameliorates hepatic steatosis in fructose-fed rats: Association with enhancing fatty acid oxidation and suppressing inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1975-1986. [PMID: 32782507 PMCID: PMC7401306 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple pomace and rosemary (AR) have been reported to contain rich bioactive molecules, which have numerous metabolic effects. Our preliminary work revealed that AR ameliorated fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats by modulating sarcolemmal CD36 and glucose transporter-4. The present study aimed to further examine how AR improves metabolic disorders by investigating the effect of AR on hepatic steatosis induced by fructose overconsumption. The results demonstrated that AR (100 mg/kg daily by gavage for 5 weeks) attenuated chronic liquid fructose consumption-induced increases in liver triglyceride content in rats. Mechanistically, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis results indicated that AR reversed fructose-induced suppression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1α, sirtuin 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, which were associated with the fatty acid oxidative (FAO) pathway. In addition, AR treatment decreased the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory proteins NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α. However, AR had no effect on the genes related to lipogenesis and the very low-density lipoprotein-export pathway in rat liver. Thus, the present results suggested that AR treatment diminished long-term fructose overconsumption-induced fatty liver, which was associated with enhanced FAO and suppressed inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tongzhuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Haifei Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Dazhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | | | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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