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Köppen J, Kleinschmidt M, Morawski M, Rahfeld JU, Wermann M, Cynis H, Hegenbart U, Daniel C, Roßner S, Schilling S, Schulze A. Identification of isoaspartate-modified transthyretin as potential target for selective immunotherapy of transthyretin amyloidosis. Amyloid 2024; 31:184-194. [PMID: 38801321 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2024.2358121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies suggest a progressive accumulation of post-translationally modified peptides within amyloid fibrils, including isoaspartate (isoD) modifications. Here, we generated and characterised novel monoclonal antibodies targeting isoD-modified transthyretin (TTR). The antibodies were used to investigate the presence of isoD-modified TTR in deposits from transthyretin amyloidosis patients and to mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis of TTR fibrils. METHODS Monoclonal antibodies were generated by immunisation of mice using an isoD-modified peptide and subsequent hybridoma generation. The antibodies were characterised in terms of affinity and specificity to isoD-modified TTR using surface plasmon resonance, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining of human cardiac tissue. The potential to elicit antibody-dependent phagocytosis of TTR fibrils was assessed using THP-1 cells. RESULTS We developed two mouse monoclonal antibodies, 2F2 and 4D4, with high nanomolar affinity for isoD-modified TTR and strong selectivity over the unmodified epitope. Both antibodies show presence of isoD-modified TTR in human cardiac tissue, but not in freshly purified recombinant TTR, suggesting isoD modification only present in aged fibrillar deposits. Likewise, the antibodies only facilitated phagocytosis of TTR fibrils and not TTR monomers by THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These antibodies label aged, non-native TTR deposits, leaving native TTR unattended and thereby potentially enabling new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janett Köppen
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute - Center of Neuropathology and Brain Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens-Ulrich Rahfeld
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Wermann
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger Cynis
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Amyloidosis Center, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute - Center of Neuropathology and Brain Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Schilling
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences and Bioprocess Technology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Köthen, Germany
| | - Anja Schulze
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences and Bioprocess Technology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Köthen, Germany
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Bijzet J, Nienhuis HLA, Kroesen BJ, Diepstra A, Hazenberg BPC. ELISA-4-amyloid: diagnostic accuracy of an ELISA panel for typing the four main types of systemic amyloidosis in subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue samples. Amyloid 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39105560 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2024.2385977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable typing of amyloid is essential. Amyloid extraction from tissue enables immunochemical typing of the precursor protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a panel of ELISAs for typing the four main types (AA, ATTR, AL-kappa and AL-lambda amyloid). METHODS From 1996 to 2023 subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue aspirates were obtained from 1339 amyloidosis patients and 868 controls. Amyloid was visually graded 0-4+ in Congo red-stained smears. Amyloid extracted from tissue by Guanidine was typed using a panel comprising four ELISAs. RESULTS All amyloid protein concentrations in extracts correlated with amyloid grade in smears. Typing sensitivity was low (23.3%) in samples with grade 1+/2+ amyloid. Overall typing sensitivity of the panel was 81.6% for all easily visible amyloid (grade 3+/4+): high for AA (98.8%) and ATTR (96.8%) and fair for AL-kappa (66.7%) and AL-lambda (75.9). Overall typing specificity was 98.0% and the overall positive predictive value was 98.0%. CONCLUSIONS We describe a highly specific ELISA panel for routine typing of the main amyloid types in fat tissue. Until more sensitive typing techniques will become generally available, typing easily visible amyloid in fat tissue using this ELISA panel is reliable, affordable and straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bijzet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Center of Expertise (GrACE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L A Nienhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Center of Expertise (GrACE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Center of Expertise (GrACE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Amyloidosis Center of Expertise (GrACE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke P C Hazenberg
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Groningen Amyloidosis Center of Expertise (GrACE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Ait-Idir D, Djerdjouri B, Latreche K, Sari-Hamidou R, Khellaf G. Predicting genetic risk factors for AA amyloidosis in Algerian patients with familial Mediterranean fever. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:25. [PMID: 38451362 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Renal amyloid-associated (AA) amyloidosis is a harmful complication of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Its occurrence involves polymorphisms and mutations in the Serum Amyloid A1 (SAA1) and Mediterranean Fever (MEFV) genes, respectively. In Algeria, the association between SAA1 variants and FMF-related amyloidosis was not investigated, hence the aim of this case-control study. It included 60 healthy controls and 60 unrelated FMF patients (39 with amyloidosis, and 21 without amyloidosis). All were genotyped for the SAA1 alleles (SAA1.1, SAA1.5, and SAA1.3), and a subset of them for the - 13 C/T polymorphism by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Comparisons between genotype and allele frequencies were performed using Chi-square and Fisher tests. The SAA1.1/1.1 genotype was predominant in amyloid FMF patients, compared to non-amyloid FMF patients (p = 0.001) and controls (p < 0.0001). SAA1.1/1.5 was higher in non-amyloid patients (p = 0.0069) and in controls (p = 0.0082) than in patients with amyloidosis. Bivariate logistic regression revealed an increased risk of AA amyloidosis with three genotypes, SAA1.1/1.1 [odds ratio 7.589 (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.130-27.041] (p = 0.0018), SAA1.1/1.3 [OR 5.700; 95% CI: 1.435-22.644] (p = 0.0134), and M694I/M694I [OR 4.6; 95% CI: 1.400-15.117] (p = 0.0119). The SAA1.1/1.5 genotype [OR 0.152; 95% CI: 0.040-0.587] (p = 0.0062) was protective against amyloidosis. In all groups, the - 13 C/C genotype predominated, and was not related to renal complication [OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.07-10.43] (p = 0.915). In conclusion, in contrast to the - 13 C/T polymorphism, the SAA1.1/1.1, SAA1.1/1.3 and M694I/M694I genotypes may increase the risk of developing renal AA amyloidosis in the Algerian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djouher Ait-Idir
- Research Laboratory, Biodiversity, Biotechnology, Environment and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, M'Hamed Bougara University, Boumerdes, Algeria.
| | - Bahia Djerdjouri
- Tamayouz Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Khaled Latreche
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, M'Hamed Bougara University, Boumerdes, Algeria
- Research Laboratory on Arid Regions, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rawda Sari-Hamidou
- Department of Nephrology, Tidjani Damerdji University Hospital, Tlemcen, Algeria
- Research laboratory Toxicomed, Faculty of Medicine, Abou-Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ghalia Khellaf
- Faculty of Medecine, Benyoucef Benkheda Algiers 1 University, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Nephrology, Mohamed Lamine Debaghine University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
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Fernández Ramírez MDC, Afrin S, Saelices L. Conformational inhibitors of protein aggregation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 83:102700. [PMID: 37717490 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidoses are fatal conditions associated with the aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils that deposit systemically and/or locally. Possibly because the causal mechanism of protein aggregation and deposition is not fully understood, this group of diseases remains uncurable. Advances in structural biology, such as the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and cryo-electron microscopy, have enabled the study of the structures and the conformational nature of the proteins whose aggregation is associated with the underlying pathogenesis of amyloidosis. As a result, the last years of research have translated into the development of directed therapeutic strategies that target the specific conformations of precursors, fibrils, and intermediary species. Current efforts include the use of small molecules, peptides, and antibodies. This review summarizes the recent progress in developing strategies that target specific protein conformations for the treatment of amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Fernández Ramírez
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA. https://twitter.com/FernandezR_MC
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA. https://twitter.com/Shumyla44
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
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Rausser G, Choi E, Bayen A. Public-private partnerships in fostering outer space innovations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2222013120. [PMID: 37844233 PMCID: PMC10614614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2222013120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As public and private institutions recognize the role of space exploration as a catalyst for economic growth, various areas of innovation are expected to emerge as drivers of the space economy. These include space transportation, in-space manufacturing, bioproduction, in-space agriculture, nuclear launch, and propulsion systems, as well as satellite services and their maintenance. However, the current nature of space as an open-access resource and global commons presents a systemic risk for exuberant competition for space goods and services, which may result in a "tragedy of the commons" dilemma. In the race among countries to capture the value of space exploration, NASA, American research universities, and private companies can avoid any coordination failures by collaborating in a public-private research and development partnership (PPRDP) structure. We present such a structure founded upon the principles of polycentric autonomous governance, which incorporate a decentralized autonomous organization framework and specialized research clusters. By advancing an alignment of incentives among the specified participatory members, PPRDPs can play a pivotal role in stimulating open-source research by creating positive knowledge spillover effects and agglomeration externalities as well as embracing the nonlinear decomposition paradigm that may blur the distinction between basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Rausser
- University of California, Rausser College of Natural Resources, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Elliot Choi
- University of California, Rausser College of Natural Resources, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Alexandre Bayen
- University of California, College of Engineering, Berkeley, CA94720
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6
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Sharon EM, Henderson LW, Clemmer DE. Resolving Hidden Solution Conformations of Hemoglobin Using IMS-IMS on a Cyclic Instrument. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1559-1568. [PMID: 37418419 PMCID: PMC10916761 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) experiments on a cyclic IMS instrument were used to examine heterogeneous distributions of structures found in the 15+ to 18+ charge states of the hemoglobin tetramer (Hb). The resolving power of IMS measurements is known to increase with increasing drift-region length. This effect is not significant for Hb charge states as peaks were shown to broaden with increasing drift-region length. This observation suggests that multiple structures with similar cross sections may be present. To examine this hypothesis, selections of drift time distributions were isolated and subsequently reinjected into the mobility region for additional separation. These IMS-IMS experiments demonstrate that selected regions separate further upon additional passes around the drift cell, consistent with the idea that initial resolving power was limited due to the presence of many closely related conformations. Additional variable temperature electrospray ionization (vT-ESI) experiments were conducted to study how changing the solution temperature affects solution conformations. Some features in these IMS-IMS studies were observed to change similarly with solution temperature compared to features in the single IMS distribution. Other features changed differently in the selected mobility data, indicating that solution structures that were obscured upon IMS analysis because of the complex heterogeneity of the original distribution are discernible after reducing the number of conformers that are analyzed by further IMS analysis. These results illustrate that the combination of vT-ESI with IMS-IMS is useful for resolving and exploring conformer distributions and stabilities in systems that exhibit a large degree of structural heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie M Sharon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lucas W Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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7
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AlResaini S, Malik A, Alonazi M, Alhomida A, Khan JM. SDS induces amorphous, amyloid-fibril, and alpha-helical structures in the myoglobin in a concentration-dependent manner. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123237. [PMID: 36639087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils have been linked to a number of diseases. Surfactants imitate plasma membrane lipids and induce amyloid fibrils. This study examined the effects of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at pH 4.5 on equine skeletal muscle myoglobin (E-Mb). To analyze the effect of SDS on aggregation and amyloid-fibril formation to E-Mb, we used various spectroscopic techniques (turbidity, light scattering, intrinsic fluorescence, ThT fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD)), electrophoretic, and microscopic techniques. Turbidity, SDS-PAGE, and light scattering all indicated the formation of E-Mb aggregates at SDS concentrations ranging from 0.2 mM to 1.0 mM. In the presence of 0.4 mM SDS, far-UV CD and TEM data indicate that E-MB forms amorphous aggregates. ThT binding, Far-UV CD, and TEM findings indicate that E-Mb forms amyloid-like structures in the presence of 0.6-1.0 mM SDS. However, no aggregation was seen at SDS concentrations above 1 mM. In the presence of high SDS concentrations (> 1 mM), the E-Mb exhibited native-like α-helical structure. As a result, SDS exhibited three distinct behaviors: amorphous aggregates, amyloid-fibrils, and helix-inducer. These findings also shed light on how amyloid fibrils are formed when anionic surfactants are introduced, which is a significant takeaway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus AlResaini
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mona Alonazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Facility of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Karam S, Haidous M, Royal V, Leung N. Renal AA amyloidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and current therapeutic options: a review. Kidney Int 2023; 103:473-484. [PMID: 36502873 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid A amyloidosis is thought to be the second most common form of systemic amyloidosis behind amyloidosis secondary to monoclonal Ig. It is the result of deposition of insoluble fibrils in the extracellular space of tissues and organs derived from the precursor protein serum amyloid A, an acute phase reactant synthesized excessively in the setting of chronic inflammation. The kidney is the most frequent organ involved. Most patients present with proteinuria and kidney failure. The diagnosis is made through tissue biopsy with involvement of the glomeruli in most cases, but also often of the vessels and the tubulointerstitial compartment. The treatment usually targets the underlying etiology and consists increasingly of blocking the inflammatory cascade of cytokines with interleukin-1 inhibitors, interleukin-6 inhibitors, and tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors to reduce serum amyloid A protein formation. This strategy has also shown efficacy in cases where an underlying etiology cannot be readily identified and has significantly improved the prognosis of this entity. In addition, there has been increased interest at developing effective therapies able to clear amyloid deposits from tissues, albeit with mitigated results so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Karam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Mohamad Haidous
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Virginie Royal
- Division of Pathology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nelson Leung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Omidi-Shahsavandi M, Yaghmaei P, Ahmadian S, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Effect of silibinin and trans-chalcone in an Alzheimer's disease-like model generated by insulin amyloids. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12443. [PMID: 36856252 PMCID: PMC9974074 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are characteristic of several disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), with no cure or preventive therapy. Diminishing amyloid deposits using aromatic compounds is an interesting approach toward AD treatment. The present study examined the anti-fibrillogenic effects of silibinin and trans-chalcone in vitro, in vivo, and in silico on insulin amyloids. In vitro incubation of insulin at 37°C for 24 h induced amyloid formation. Addition of trans-chalcone and silibinin to insulin led to reduced amounts of fibrils as shown by thioflavin S fluorescence and Congo red absorption spectroscopy, with a better effect observed for silibinin. In vivo bilateral injection of fibrils formed by incubation of insulin in the presence or absence of silibinin and trans-chalcone or insulin fibrils plus the compounds in rats' hippocampus was performed to obtain AD characteristics. Passive avoidance (PA) test showed that treatment with both compounds efficiently increased latency compared with the model group. Histological investigation of the hippocampus in the cornu ammonis (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the rat's brain stained with hematoxylin-eosin and thioflavin S showed an inhibitory effect on amyloid aggregation and markedly reduced amyloid plaques. In silico, a docking experiment on native and fibrillar forms of insulin provided an insight onto the possible binding site of the compounds. In conclusion, these small aromatic compounds are suggested to have a protective effect on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Omidi-Shahsavandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - P. Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Cambieri C, Marenco M, Colasanti T, Mancone C, Corsi A, Riminucci M, Libonati L, Moret F, Chimenti C, Lambiase A, Conti F, Garibaldi M, Inghilleri M, Ceccanti M. Does Patisiran Reduce Ocular Transthyretin Synthesis? A Pilot Study of Two Cases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2543-2549. [PMID: 37357518 PMCID: PMC10616919 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230623094710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variant transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (ATTR-v) is a well-characterized disease affecting the neurologic and cardiovascular systems. Patisiran has been approved for neurologic involvement as it reduces hepatic synthesis of transthyretin (TTR). Eye involvement is a lateonset feature increasing the risk of glaucoma and cataracts in patients. AIMS The aim of this case series was to assess whether patisiran can effectively reduce TTR synthesis in such a barrier-protected organ as the eye. METHODS Two patisiran-treated ATTR-v patients underwent serum and aqueous humor sampling to measure TTR levels detected by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Serum samples were compared to healthy control (HC), whereas aqueous humor samples were compared to non-amyloidotic subjects affected by cataracts and glaucoma. RESULTS Serum TTR levels representative of hepatic synthesis were sharply lower in treated patients if compared to the HC (-87.5% and -93.75%, respectively). Aqueous humor TTR levels showed mild-tono reduction in treated patients compared to non-amyloidotic subjects with cataracts (-34.9% and +8.1%, respectively) and glaucoma (-41.1% and -2.1%). CONCLUSION Patisiran does not seem to be as effective in inhibiting ocular TTR synthesis as it is in inhibiting hepatic synthesis. Re-engineering the envelope could allow the drug to target RPE cells thus avoiding any ocular involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cambieri
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Centre for Rare Neuromuscular Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marenco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Colasanti
- Department of Clinical Internal, Rheumatology Unit, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Mancone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Libonati
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Centre for Rare Neuromuscular Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moret
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Centre for Rare Neuromuscular Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Inghilleri
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Centre for Rare Neuromuscular Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ceccanti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Centre for Rare Neuromuscular Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Oral Therapy for the Treatment of Transthyretin-Related Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416145. [PMID: 36555787 PMCID: PMC9788438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The care of systemic amyloidosis has improved dramatically due to improved awareness, accurate diagnostic tools, the development of powerful prognostic and companion biomarkers, and a continuous flow of innovative drugs, which translated into the blooming of phase 2/3 interventional studies for light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis. The unprecedented availability of effective drugs ignited great interest across various medical specialties, particularly among cardiologists who are now recognizing cardiac amyloidosis at an extraordinary pace. In all amyloidosis referral centers, we are observing a substantial increase in the prevalence of wild-type transthyretin (ATTRwt) cardiomyopathy, which is now becoming the most common form of cardiac amyloidosis. This review focuses on the oral drugs that have been recently introduced for the treatment of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis, for their ease of use in the clinic. They include both old repurposed drugs or fit-for-purpose designed compounds which bind and stabilize the TTR tetramer, thus reducing the formation of new amyloid fibrils, such as tafamidis, diflunisal, and acoramidis, as well as fibril disruptors which have the potential to promote the clearance of amyloid deposits, such as doxycycline. The development of novel therapies is based on the advances in the understanding of the molecular events underlying amyloid cardiomyopathy.
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12
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Šterclová M. Pulmonary storage. VNITRNI LEKARSTVI 2022; 68:525-531. [PMID: 36575071 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2022.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are not just a matter of scarring or inflammation in the lung tissue. The lungs can also serve as a repository for products that can be produced in excessive amounts in the human body as a result of disease. Geneticaly based dysfunctions of lysosomal enzymes, which leads to an unefficient degradation and transport of various macromolecules from lysosomes, are considered to be storage diseases sensu stricto. ILDs were described in patients with Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease and Fabry disease. In a broader context, however, the accumulation of various substances in the lung tissue is also encountered in cases of pediatric pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG), alveolar lipoproteinosis or pulmonary amyloidosis. The cause of PIG is not clear. The disease was first described in 2002 and a lung tissue sample is required to establish this diagnosis. Even though PIG usually goes well in childhood and the patients difficulties spontaneously subside over time, the long-term prognosis of the patients is unknown. Alveolar lipoproteinoses can be acquired (e.g. after massive exposure to silica dust), autoimmune, but also genetically determined. Unlike lysosomal storage diseases, in the case of pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis, accumulation of abnormal macromolecules occurs only in the lungs of affected individuals. Similarly, amyloidosis is not a single disease, but a group of diseases with different etiopathogenesis, as a result of which amyloid - a group of different proteins with a distinctvive conformation, which can be deposited in various organs, including the lungs - is formed. The diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis is based on the typical appearance and biochemical composition of the fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage, the diagnosis of amyloidosis is histological.
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Schulte T, Chaves-Sanjuan A, Mazzini G, Speranzini V, Lavatelli F, Ferri F, Palizzotto C, Mazza M, Milani P, Nuvolone M, Vogt AC, Vogel M, Palladini G, Merlini G, Bolognesi M, Ferro S, Zini E, Ricagno S. Cryo-EM structure of ex vivo fibrils associated with extreme AA amyloidosis prevalence in a cat shelter. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7041. [PMID: 36396658 PMCID: PMC9672049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AA amyloidosis is a systemic disease characterized by deposition of misfolded serum amyloid A protein (SAA) into cross-β amyloid in multiple organs in humans and animals. AA amyloidosis occurs at high SAA serum levels during chronic inflammation. Prion-like transmission was reported as possible cause of extreme AA amyloidosis prevalence in captive animals, e.g. 70% in cheetah and 57-73% in domestic short hair (DSH) cats kept in zoos and shelters, respectively. Herein, we present the 3.3 Å cryo-EM structure of AA amyloid extracted post-mortem from the kidney of a DSH cat with renal failure, deceased in a shelter with extreme disease prevalence. The structure reveals a cross-β architecture assembled from two 76-residue long proto-filaments. Despite >70% sequence homology to mouse and human SAA, the cat SAA variant adopts a distinct amyloid fold. Inclusion of an eight-residue insert unique to feline SAA contributes to increased amyloid stability. The presented feline AA amyloid structure is fully compatible with the 99% identical amino acid sequence of amyloid fragments of captive cheetah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schulte
- grid.419557.b0000 0004 1766 7370Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Chaves-Sanjuan
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Pediatric Research Center Fondazione R.E. Invernizzi and NOLIMITS Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,grid.419425.f0000 0004 1760 3027Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Speranzini
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo Ferri
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Novara Italy
| | - Carlo Palizzotto
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Novara Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, S.C. Diagnostica Specialistica, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,grid.419425.f0000 0004 1760 3027Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Nuvolone
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,grid.419425.f0000 0004 1760 3027Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anne-Cathrine Vogt
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,grid.419425.f0000 0004 1760 3027Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ,grid.419425.f0000 0004 1760 3027Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Pediatric Research Center Fondazione R.E. Invernizzi and NOLIMITS Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Novara Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua Italy ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- grid.419557.b0000 0004 1766 7370Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Fedotov SA, Khrabrova MS, Anpilova AO, Dobronravov VA, Rubel AA. Noninvasive Diagnostics of Renal Amyloidosis: Current State and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012662. [PMID: 36293523 PMCID: PMC9604123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidoses is a group of diseases characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins (called amyloids) in different organs and tissues. For systemic amyloidoses, the disease is related to increased levels and/or abnormal synthesis of certain proteins in the organism due to pathological processes, e.g., monoclonal gammopathy and chronic inflammation in rheumatic arthritis. Treatment of amyloidoses is focused on reducing amyloidogenic protein production and inhibition of its aggregation. Therapeutic approaches critically depend on the type of amyloidosis, which underlines the importance of early differential diagnostics. In fact, the most accurate diagnostics of amyloidosis and its type requires analysis of a biopsy specimen from the disease-affected organ. However, absence of specific symptoms of amyloidosis and the invasive nature of biomaterial sampling causes the late diagnostics of these diseases, which leads to a delayed treatment, and significantly reduces its efficacy and patient survival. The establishment of noninvasive diagnostic methods and discovery of specific amyloidosis markers are essential for disease detection and identification of its type at earlier stages, which enables timely and targeted treatment. This review focuses on current approaches to the diagnostics of amyloidoses, primarily with renal involvement, and research perspectives in order to design new specific tests for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A. Fedotov
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Maria S. Khrabrova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anastasia O. Anpilova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Aleksandr A. Rubel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-428-40-09
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Targeting Amyloid Fibrils by Passive Immunotherapy in Systemic Amyloidosis. BioDrugs 2022; 36:591-608. [PMID: 36094752 PMCID: PMC9466354 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Systemic amyloidoses are characterized by the unrelenting deposition of autologous proteins as highly ordered fibrils in target organs. The ensuing, potentially fatal organ dysfunction is the result of the combined damage caused by the proteotoxic effect of prefibrillar species and by the cytotoxicity and the structural alterations produced by the amyloid fibrils. Current therapy is focused on eliminating the amyloid protein, thus extinguishing the amyloid cascade at its origin. While this approach may end the cell damage caused by prefibrillar aggregates and prevent further amyloid accumulation, the noxious effects of the amyloid fibrils persist and may hamper the recovery of organ function, which is the ultimate goal of therapy as it is necessary to improve the quality of life and extend survival. Preclinical studies indicate that the clearance of amyloid deposits can be accelerated by specific antibodies targeting amyloid fibrils that activate complement-mediated macrophages and giant cell phagocytosis, possibly promoting the recovery of organ function. Measuring the therapeutic effect of anti-amyloid agents is still a matter of research. In recent years, several monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid deposits have been tested in clinical trials with mixed outcomes. Recent encouraging results from phase I/II trials, new anti-amyloid agents, and new antibody engineering offer hope that effective amyloid removal will be accomplished in the near future, accelerating organ recovery and improving quality of life and survival.
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Mitchell C, Gaitán JM, Pewowaruk RJ, Gepner AD, Hess T, Wilbrand SM, Dempsey RJ, Dougherty RJ, Cook DB, Okonkwo O. Transcranial Color-Coded Doppler Cerebral Hemodynamics Following Aerobic Exercise Training: Outcomes From a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. JOURNAL FOR VASCULAR ULTRASOUND : JVU 2022; 46:110-117. [PMID: 36714789 PMCID: PMC9881430 DOI: 10.1177/15443167221099274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction An active lifestyle with regular exercise is thought to decrease or delay the onset of Alzheimer dementia through increasing blood flow to the brain. We examined the mean flow velocity (MFV) and pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral arteries of individuals randomized into two groups-a Usual Physical Activity (UPA) group and an Enhanced Physical Activity (EPA) exercise intervention group-to determine if exercise training is related to changes in cerebral blood flow. Methods We examined 23 participants, randomized into a UPA group (n=12) and an EPA group (n=11), with transcranial color-coded Doppler (TCCD) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak, mL/kg/min) testing at baseline and following a 26-week intervention. TCCD was used to measure MFV and PI. Participants in the EPA group completed supervised aerobic exercise training for 26 weeks. Kendall's tau b correlation was used to examine relationships between variables. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to examine changes between the UPA and EPA groups. Results There was no significant change in MFV or PI in the UPA group or the EPA group (p-values >0.05) between baseline and 26 weeks; the change between the UPA and EPA groups was also not significant (p=0.603). There was no evidence of an association between change in VO2peak and change in MFV or PI (all p-values >0.05). Participants in the EPA group significantly increased their VO2peak compared to the UPA group (p=0.027). Conclusion This study did not demonstrate evidence of a significant change in the MFV in the middle cerebral arteries or evidence of a significant change in the PI between UPA and EPA groups. Future studies should be performed in larger cohorts and should consider use of personalized exercise programs to maximize understanding of how cerebrovascular hemodynamics change in structure and function with exercise for adults at risk for Alzheimer dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - J. Max Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Ryan J. Pewowaruk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Adam D. Gepner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran’s Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy Hess
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Stephanie M. Wilbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Robert J. Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Ryan J. Dougherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St., Suite 2-207, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, United States
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Salem A, Wilson CJ, Rutledge BS, Dilliott A, Farhan S, Choy WY, Duennwald ML. Matrin3: Disorder and ALS Pathogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:794646. [PMID: 35083279 PMCID: PMC8784776 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.794646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. ALS is associated with protein misfolding and inclusion formation involving RNA-binding proteins, including TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS). The 125-kDa Matrin3 is a highly conserved nuclear DNA/RNA-binding protein that is implicated in many cellular processes, including binding and stabilizing mRNA, regulating mRNA nuclear export, modulating alternative splicing, and managing chromosomal distribution. Mutations in MATR3, the gene encoding Matrin3, have been identified as causal in familial ALS (fALS). Matrin3 lacks a prion-like domain that characterizes many other ALS-associated RNA-binding proteins, including TDP-43 and FUS, however, our bioinformatics analyses and preliminary studies document that Matrin3 contains long intrinsically disordered regions that may facilitate promiscuous interactions with many proteins and may contribute to its misfolding. In addition, these disordered regions in Matrin3 undergo numerous post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation that modulate the function and misfolding of the protein. Here we discuss the disordered nature of Matrin3 and review the factors that may promote its misfolding and aggregation, two elements that might explain its role in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Carter J. Wilson
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Rutledge
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Allison Dilliott
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill Universty, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sali Farhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill Universty, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill Universty, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wing-Yiu Choy
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Martin L. Duennwald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Nuvolone M, Basset M, Palladini G. A safety review of drug treatments for patients with systemic immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:411-426. [PMID: 33583294 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1890023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In AL amyloidosis, a usually small plasma cell clone secretes unstable, amyloid-forming light chains, causing cytotoxicity and progressive (multi)organ function deterioration. Treatment aims at reducing/eradicating the underlying clone, to reduce/zero the supply of the amyloidogenic protein and halt the amyloidogenic cascade. AREAS COVERED Safety data of alkylating agents, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies from clinical trials are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Drugs used to treat AL amyloidosis are derived from experience with multiple myeloma or other B cell malignancies. However, treating AL amyloidosis is particularly challenging, as it implies delivering anti-neoplastic therapy to a hematologic malignancy directly causing (multi)organ function deterioration, often in elderly subjects with other comorbidities and polypharmacotherapy. This unique combination translates in increased patients' frailty and higher sensitivity toward treatment-related toxicities. Therefore, dose/schedule adjustments and special precautions are needed when translating treatment experience from multiple myeloma or other B cell malignancies to AL amyloidosis. Treatment of patients with AL amyloidosis should be risk adapted, tailored to individual patients' risk profile, considering the type and extent of organ involvement, and eventual comorbidity. As several classes of effective anti-plasma cell or B cell drugs are available, therapeutic choices are also influenced by individual drug's safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nuvolone
- Amylodosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Basset
- Amylodosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amylodosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amyloidoses are a group of rare and heterogeneous diseases in which abnormally folded proteins deposit in tissues and lead to organ damage. A brief review of advances in the diagnosis of extracerebral systemic amyloidoses in the context of recent advances in their clinical management is provided. RECENT FINDINGS Although steady progress in the treatment of AL and AA has evolved over many years, significant advances in the treatment of ATTR, transthyretin-derived amyloidosis, have been achieved only recently. This coincides with the emergence of nontissue diagnosis of cardiac ATTR in both the hereditary and wild-type settings. The latter is emerging as possibly the most prevalent type of systemic amyloidosis.Available treatments are amyloid protein type dependent and, hence, following amyloid detection, amyloid protein typing is necessary. Although mass spectrometry has emerged as the preferred method of amyloid typing, careful application of immune methods is still clinically useful but caution and experience, as well as awareness of the limitations of each method, are necessary in their interpretation. SUMMARY Despite significant advances in the treatment of the systemic amyloidoses, outcomes remain poor, primarily due to delays in diagnosis. Precise diagnosis of the amyloid protein type is critical for treatment selection.
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Cotrina EY, Vilà M, Nieto J, Arsequell G, Planas A. Preparative Scale Production of Recombinant Human Transthyretin for Biophysical Studies of Protein-Ligand and Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249640. [PMID: 33348885 PMCID: PMC7766448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human transthyretin (hTTR), a serum protein with a main role in transporting thyroid hormones and retinol through binding to the retinol-binding protein, is an amyloidogenic protein involved in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system selective amyloidosis. hTTR also has a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer disease, being the major Aβ binding protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that prevents amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation with consequent abrogation of toxicity. Here we report an optimized preparative expression and purification protocol of hTTR (wt and amyloidogenic mutants) for in vitro screening assays of TTR ligands acting as amyloidogenesis inhibitors or acting as molecular chaperones to enhance the TTR:Aβ interaction. Preparative yields were up to 660 mg of homogenous protein per L of culture in fed-batch bioreactor. The recombinant wt protein is mainly unmodified at Cys10, the single cysteine in the protein sequence, whereas the highly amyloidogenic Y78F variant renders mainly the S-glutathionated form, which has essentially the same amyloidogenic behavior than the reduced protein with free Cys10. The TTR production protocol has shown inter-batch reproducibility of expression and protein quality for in vitro screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Vilà
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
| | - Joan Nieto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Antoni Planas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Cotrina EY, Blasi D, Vilà M, Planas A, Abad-Zapatero C, Centeno NB, Quintana J, Arsequell G. Optimization of kinetic stabilizers of tetrameric transthyretin: A prospective ligand efficiency-guided approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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