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Mao Y, Lin X, Wu Y, Lu J, Shen J, Zhong S, Jin X, Ma J. Additive interaction between birth asphyxia and febrile seizures on autism spectrum disorder: a population-based study. Mol Autism 2024; 15:17. [PMID: 38600595 PMCID: PMC11007945 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that can significantly impact an individual's ability to socially integrate and adapt. It's crucial to identify key factors associated with ASD. Recent studies link both birth asphyxia (BA) and febrile seizures (FS) separately to higher ASD prevalence. However, investigations into the interplay of BA and FS and its relationship with ASD are yet to be conducted. The present study mainly focuses on exploring the interactive effect between BA and FS in the context of ASD. METHODS Utilizing a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, we initially recruited 84,934 Shanghai children aged 3-12 years old from June 2014 to June 2015, ultimately including 74,251 post-exclusion criteria. A logistic regression model was conducted to estimate the interaction effect after controlling for pertinent covariates. The attributable proportion (AP), the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the synergy index (SI), and multiplicative-scale interaction were computed to determine the interaction effect. RESULTS Among a total of 74,251 children, 192 (0.26%) were diagnosed with ASD. The adjusted odds ratio for ASD in children with BA alone was 3.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.42-6.02), for FS alone 3.06 (95%CI 1.48-6.31), and for comorbid BA and FS 21.18 (95%CI 9.10-49.30), versus children without BA or FS. The additive interaction between BA and FS showed statistical significance (P < 0.001), whereas the multiplicative interaction was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS This study can only demonstrate the relationship between the interaction of BA and FS with ASD but cannot prove causation. Animal brain experimentation is necessary to unravel its neural mechanisms. A larger sample size, ongoing monitoring, and detailed FS classification are needed for confirming BA-FS interaction in ASD. CONCLUSION In this extensive cross-sectional study, both BA and FS were significantly linked to ASD. The coexistence of these factors was associated with an additive increase in ASD prevalence, surpassing the cumulative risk of each individual factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mao
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xindi Lin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiayao Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shaogen Zhong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xingming Jin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Ji Y, Liu H, Niu F, Kang B, Luo X, Yang H, Tian Z, Yang J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Neuronal Damage in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage by Inducing Ferroptosis. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01095-9. [PMID: 38329706 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) poses a significant risk of neurological damage in newborns. This study investigates the impact of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on neuronal damage in neonatal HIBD and its underlying mechanisms. HIBD neonatal rat model was constructed and pre-treated with 4-phenylbutiric acid (4-PBA). Nissl and TUNEL staining were utilised to assess neuronal damage and apoptosis in rat brains. HIBD cell model was established by inducing oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat H19-7 neurons, which were then pre-treated with Thapsigargin (TG), Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), or both. Cell viability and apoptosis of H19-7 neurons were analysed using cell counting kit-8 assay and TUNEL staining. GRP78-PERK-CHOP pathway activity and glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) expression in rat brains and H19-7 neurons were assessed using Western blot. Ferroptosis-related indicators, including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron content, were measured using commercial kits in both rat brains and H19-7 neurons. GRP78-PERK-CHOP pathway was overactivated in HIBD neonatal rats' brains, which was mitigated by 4-PBA treatment. 4-PBA treatment demonstrated a reduction in neuronal damage and apoptosis in HIBD-affected neonatal rat brains. Furthermore, it attenuated ferroptosis in rats by increasing GPX4, GSH and SOD while decreasing MDA and iron content. In the OGD-induced H19-7 neurons, Fer-1 treatment counteracted the suppressive effects of TG on viability, the exacerbation of apoptosis, the promotion of ferroptosis and the activation of the GRP78-PERK-CHOP pathway. Overall, ERS facilitates neuronal damage in neonatal HIBD by inducing ferroptosis. Consequently, the suppression of ERS may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neonatal HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Ji
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 127 Hupan Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 750001, China.
| | - Huili Liu
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 127 Hupan Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 750001, China
| | - Fang Niu
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 127 Hupan Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 750001, China
| | - Bo Kang
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 127 Hupan Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 750001, China
| | - Xiu Luo
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 127 Hupan Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 750001, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 127 Hupan Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 750001, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 127 Hupan Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 750001, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Peking University First Hospital Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), 127 Hupan Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, 750001, China
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Hu Q, Qiu L, Ge L, Wei Y. Sevoflurane postconditioning alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102289. [PMID: 38194851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) frequently induces cognitive impairments. Investigating the role of sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC) in HIBD, we conducted experiments involving HIBD modeling, SPC treatment, and interventions with the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 or the PERK activator CCT020312, administered 30 min before modeling, followed by SPC treatment. Behavioral testing using the Morris water maze test and Neurological Deficiency Scale (NDS) was conducted. Additionally, Nissl staining assessed hippocampal CA1 area neuronal density, TUNEL staining evaluated hippocampal CA1 area neuronal apoptosis, and Western blot determined hippocampal CA1 area protein levels, including Bax, Bcl-2, p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2/eIF2, ATF4, CHOP, GRP78, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein levels. Following SPC treatment, HIBD rats exhibited improved spatial learning and memory abilities, reduced neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal density in the hippocampal CA1 area, elevated Bcl-2 protein level, decreased Bax protein levels, and decreased levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway related proteins (p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2/eIF2, ATF4, CHOP and GRP78). Pre-modeling treatment with the PERK inhibitor treatment improved outcomes in HIBD rats. However, pre-modeling treatment with the PERK activator CCT020312 counteracted the protective effects of SPC against HIBD in rats. In conclusion, SPC alleviates neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus CA1 area of HIBD rats by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway PERK/ATF4/CHOP, thereby mitigating HIBD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghua Hu
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Lingqin Qiu
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Li Ge
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yi Wei
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Liu L, Yang Y, Wu T, Du J, Long F. NKG2D knockdown improves hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inhibiting neuroinflammation in neonatal mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2326. [PMID: 38282118 PMCID: PMC10822867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of neonatal death and neurological dysfunction. Neuroinflammation is identified as one of the crucial pathological mechanisms after HIBD, and natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of immunoinflammatory diseases. However, the role of NKG2D in neonatal HIBD is seldomly investigated. In this study, a neonatal mice model of HIBD was induced, and the role of the NKG2D in neuroinflammation and brain injury was explored by intracerebroventricular injection of lentivirus to knockdown NKG2D in neonatal mice with HIBD. The results showed that a significant increase in NKG2D protein level in the brain of neonatal mice with HIBD. The NKG2D knockdown in the brain significantly alleviated cerebral infarction, neurobehavioral deficits, and neuronal loss in neuronal HIBD. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of NKG2D knockdown was associated with inhibition of the activation of microglia and astrocytes, expression of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) and DAP10, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Our findings reveal NKG2D knockdown may exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the neonatal mice with HIBD through downregulation of NKG2D/NKG2DLs/DAP10/NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that NKG2D may be a potential target for the treatment of neonatal HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junrong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fangyi Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang M, Liu Z, Zhou W, Shen M, Mao N, Xu H, Wang Y, Xu Z, Li M, Jiang H, Chen Y, Zhu J, Lin W, Yuan J, Lin Z. Ferrostatin-1 attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats by inhibiting ferroptosis. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:1944-1970. [PMID: 38130589 PMCID: PMC10730959 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a type of brain damage that is caused by perinatal asphyxia and serious damages the central nervous system. At present, there is no effective drug for the treatment of this disease. Besides, the pathogenesis of HIBD remains elusive. While studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in HIBD, its role and mechanism in HIBD are yet to be fully understood. Methods The HIBD model of neonatal rats was established using the Rice-Vannucci method. A complete medium of PC12 cells was adjusted to a low-sugar medium, and the oxygen-glucose deprivation model was established after continuous hypoxia for 12 h. Laser Doppler blood flow imaging was used to detect the blood flow intensity after modeling. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining was employed to detect ischemic cerebral infarction in rat brain tissue, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe brain injury and mitochondrial damage. Immunofluorescence was applied to monitor the expression of GFAP. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence were utilized to detect the expression of messenger RNA and protein. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was detected using the ROS detection kit. Results The results showed that ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) significantly alleviated the brain injury caused by hypoxia and ischemia. Fer-1 significantly increased the expression of SLC3A2, SLC7A11, ACSL3, GSS, and GPX4 (P<0.05) and dramatically decreased the expressions of GFAP, ACSL4, TFRC, FHC, FLC, 4-HNE, HIF-1α, and ROS (P<0.05). Conclusions Fer-1 inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates HIBD by potentially targeting the GPX4/ACSL3/ACSL4 axis; however, its specific mechanism warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Niping Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hang Xu
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zidi Xu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mopu Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wenling, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ranjan AK, Gulati A. Advances in Therapies to Treat Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6653. [PMID: 37892791 PMCID: PMC10607511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition that results in brain damage in newborns due to insufficient blood and oxygen supply during or after birth. HIE is a major cause of neurological disability and mortality in newborns, with over one million neonatal deaths occurring annually worldwide. The severity of brain injury and the outcome of HIE depend on several factors, including the cause of oxygen deprivation, brain maturity, regional blood flow, and maternal health conditions. HIE is classified into mild, moderate, and severe categories based on the extent of brain damage and resulting neurological issues. The pathophysiology of HIE involves different phases, including the primary phase, latent phase, secondary phase, and tertiary phase. The primary and secondary phases are characterized by episodes of energy and cell metabolism failures, increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and activated microglia and inflammation in the brain. A tertiary phase occurs if the brain injury persists, characterized by reduced neural plasticity and neuronal loss. Understanding the cellular and molecular aspects of the different phases of HIE is crucial for developing new interventions and therapeutics. This review aims to discuss the pathophysiology of HIE, therapeutic hypothermia (TH), the only approved therapy for HIE, ongoing developments of adjuvants for TH, and potential future drugs for HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh K Ranjan
- Research and Development, Pharmazz Inc., Willowbrook, IL 60527, USA
| | - Anil Gulati
- Research and Development, Pharmazz Inc., Willowbrook, IL 60527, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Yu X, Li D, Liu N, Xue X, Fu J. Periventricular Microglia Polarization and Morphological Changes Accompany NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Hypoxic-Ischemic White Matter Damage in Premature Rats. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5149306. [PMID: 37636861 PMCID: PMC10460280 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5149306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter damage (WMD) is a primary cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in preterm infants, and no effective treatments are available. Microglia are a major component of the innate immune system. When activated, they form typical pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes and regulate myelin development and synapse formation. Therefore, they may play a pivotal role in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) WMD. Herein, we investigated neural inflammation and long-term microglia phenotypic polarization in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia-induced WMD and elucidated the underlying pathophysiological processes. We exposed 3-day-old (P3) Sprague-Dawley rats to hypoxia (8% oxygen) for 2.5 hr after unilateral common carotid artery ligation. The activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies, microglia M1/M2 polarization, myelination, and synaptic development in our model were monitored 7, 14, and 21 days after birth. In addition, the Morris water maze test was performed on postnatal Day 28. We confirmed myelination disturbance in the periventricular white matter, abnormal synaptic development, and behavioral changes in the periventricular area during the development of HI WMD. In addition, we found an association between the occurrence and development of HI WMD and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, microglial M1/M2 polarization, and the release of inflammatory factors. NLRP3 inhibition can play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the differentiation of microglia into the M1 phenotype, thereby improving myelination and synapse formation. In conclusion, microglia are key mediators of the inflammatory response and exhibit continuous phenotypic polarization 7-21 days after HI-induced WMD. This finding can potentially lead to a new treatment regimen targeting the phenotypic polarization of microglia early after HI-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian 116021, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
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Zhang N, Yang L, Wen J, Cui H. miR-200b-3p antagomir inhibits neuronal apoptosis in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model through regulating β-TrCP. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148192. [PMID: 36463959 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a primary cause of morbidity and disability in survivors of preterm infants. We previously discovered that miR-200b-3p plays an important role in HIBD via targeting Slit2. This study was designed to identify novel targets of miR-200b-3p and investigate the relationship between miR-200b-3p and its downstream effectors. METHODS AND RESULTS Cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons were used in the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and RT-qPCR was utilized to detect the alterations of miR-200b-3p in these cells following the OGD. Our study found that the expression of miR-200b-3p was up-regulated in neurons post OGD. Bioinformatics analysis identified that β transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) is a target gene of miR-200b-3p, and our luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that miR-200b-3p can interact with β-TrCP mRNA. Hypoxia-ischemic brain damage was induced in three-day-old SD rats and inhibition of miR-200b-3p by injection of antagomir into bilateral lateral ventricles enhanced β-TrCP expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in rats' brains. TUNEL staining and CCK-8 assays found that the survival of hippocampal neurons in the miR-200b-3p antagomir group was improved significantly (p<0.05), whereas apoptosis of neurons in the miR-200b-3p antagomir group was significantly decreased (p<0.05), as compared with the OGD group. However, silencing of β-TrCP by β-TrCP siRNA impaired the neuroprotective effect of miR-200b-3p antagomir. H&E staining showed that miR-200b-3p attenuated the pathological changes in the hippocampal region of rats with HIBD. CONCLUSION Our study has demonstrated that β-TrCP is a target gene of miR-200b-3p and that inhibition of miR-200b-3p by antagomir attenuates hypoxia-ischemic brain damage via β-TrCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhao D, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang J, Lv R, Tan L, Chen Y, Tao R, Li X, Chen Y, He W, He J. Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111886. [PMID: 36960292 PMCID: PMC10027775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current influenza vaccines are unable to provide effective protection in many cases, like influenza viruses strain antigenic drift or shift, and the influenza continues to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality. Improving the immune response to influenza vaccination is an unmet need. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients are commonly known to have immunomodulatory properties. We therefore compared influenza vaccination alone or formulated with Astragali Radix (Huangqi in Chinese), and several representative ingredients of TCM, including lentinan (polysaccharide), panax notoginseng saponins (saponin), breviscapine (flavone), andrographolide (terpenoid), and a Chinese herbal compound (kangai) for their potential to enhance immune responses to influenza vaccine in mice. We found that all these TCM-adjuvants were able to increase hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, splenic T cell differentiation, bone marrow dendritic cell maturity, and both Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion of influenza vaccine to varying degrees, and that had the characteristics of no excessive inflammatory responses and bidirectional regulation simultaneously. Taken together, our findings show that Astragali Radix exerts a more comprehensive effect on vaccine immunity, on both innate and adaptive immunity. The effects of lentinan and andrographolide on adaptive immunity were more significant, while the effects of breviscapine on innate immunity were stronger, and the other two TCM adjuvants were weaker. As the first report of a comprehensive evaluation of TCM adjuvants in influenza vaccines, the results suggest that TCM and their active ingredients are good candidates for enhancing the immune response of influenza vaccines, and that suitable TCMs can be selected based on the adjuvant requirements of different vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linyuan Wang, ; Jianjun Zhang,
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linyuan Wang, ; Jianjun Zhang,
| | - Ruilin Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Liu A, Hu J, Yeh TS, Wang C, Tang J, Huang X, Chen B, Huangfu L, Yu W, Zhang L. Neuroprotective Strategies for Stroke by Natural Products: Advances and Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2283-2309. [PMID: 37458258 PMCID: PMC10556387 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230717144752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a disease with high prevalence and incidence. Its management focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. Both therapeutic strategies reduce disability, but the therapy time window is short, and the risk of bleeding is high. Natural products (NPs) have played a key role in drug discovery, especially for cancer and infectious diseases. However, they have made little progress in clinical translation and pose challenges to the treatment of stroke. Recently, with the investigation of precise mechanisms in cerebral ischemic stroke and the technological development of NP-based drug discovery, NPs are addressing these challenges and opening up new opportunities in cerebral stroke. Thus, in this review, we first summarize the structure and function of diverse NPs, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, lactones, quinones, alkaloids, and glycosides. Then we propose the comprehensive neuroprotective mechanism of NPs in cerebral ischemic stroke, which involves complex cascade processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis or ferroptosis-related cell death, inflammatory response, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Overall, we stress the neuroprotective effect of NPs and their mechanism on cerebral ischemic stroke for a better understanding of the advances and perspective in NPs application that may provide a rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic regimens in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tzu-Shao Yeh
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jilong Tang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liexiang Huangfu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weili Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Li S, Wan L, Sun J, Yan W, Wang J, Gao X, Ren C, Hao L. New Insights into Mechanisms of Ferroptosis Associated with Immune Infiltration in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233778. [PMID: 36497037 PMCID: PMC9736049 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) remain unclear. METHOD Four microarray datasets were collected from the GEO database (three mRNA datasets GSE23317, GSE144456, and GSE112137, and one miRNA microarray dataset GSE184939). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify modules of HIBD-related genes. The ferroptosis-related genes were extracted from FerrDb, of which closely correlated to HIBD were obtained after the intersection with existing HIBD's DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, as well as protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were subsequently conducted. Cytoscape was used to identify central genes. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed by the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULT Fifty-six ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs) were screened, mainly related to ferroptosis, autophagy, hypoxia response, metabolic pathways, and immune inflammation. The seven optimal hub FRDEGs were obtained by intersecting with key modules of WGCNA. Then, the expression levels of the seven optimal hub FRDEGs were validated in the GSE144456 and GSE112137 datasets, and the ferroptosis-related mRNA-miRNA network was established. In addition, this study revealed immune cell infiltration in the HIBD cerebral cortex and the interaction between immune cells. Moreover, notably, specific FRDEGs were strongly positively correlated with immune function. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of ferroptosis is intricate and closely related to neonatal HIBD. Therefore, targeting ferroptosis-related gene therapy and immunotherapy may have therapeutic prospects for neonatal HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Li Wan
- Institute for Epidemic Disease Control, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jingfei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengding People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Weichen Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Changjun Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.H.)
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.H.)
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12
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Does a Single Exposure to General Anesthesia Have a Cumulative Effect on the Developing Brain after Mild Perinatal Asphyxia? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101568. [PMID: 36295002 PMCID: PMC9605013 DOI: 10.3390/life12101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: General anesthesia (GA) in pediatric patients represents a clinical routine. Factors such as increased birth age and maternal chronic conditions cause more infants to experience hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, an additional risk for anesthesia. Aim: This study evaluates the effect of one sevoflurane-induced GA episode on the immature brain previously exposed to perinatal asphyxia (PA). Methods: Postnatal day 6 (PND6) Wistar rats were exposed to a 90-min episode of normoxia/PA and at PND15 to a 120-min episode of normoxia/GA. Four groups were analyzed: Control (C), PA, GA, and PA-GA. Post-exposures, fifteen pups/group were sacrificed and the hippocampi were isolated to assess S-100B and IL-1B protein levels, using ELISA. At maturity, the behavior was assessed by: forced swimming test (FST), and novel object recognition test. Results: Hippocampal S-100B level was increased in PA, GA, and PA-GA groups, while IL-1B was increased in PA, but decreased in PA-GA. The immobility time was increased in PA and PA-GA, in FST. Conclusions: Both PA and GA contribute to glial activation, however with no cumulative effect. Moreover, PA reduces the rats’ mobility, irrespective of GA exposure, while memory evaluated by the novel object recognition test was not influenced.
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13
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Shu J, Fang XH, Li YJ, Deng Y, Wei WS, Zhang L. Microglia-induced autophagic death of neurons via IL-6/STAT3/miR-30d signaling following hypoxia/ischemia. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7697-7707. [PMID: 35655056 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a relationship between autophagy and the occurrence, maintenance, and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. The activation of microglia after ischemia contributes to neuronal injury via proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic elements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of autophagy in the microglia-mediated death of neuronal cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Microglial activation by oxygen/glucose deprivation induced both apoptosis and autophagy in neuron-like PC12 cells. Microglia-derived interleukin (IL)-6 induced PC12 cell apoptosis in vitro; however, this effect was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Further analysis demonstrated that miR-30d in PC12 cells suppressed microglia-induced PC12 apoptosis and autophagy by directly targeting autophagy protein 5. Moreover, microglia-derived IL-6 activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which can then directly repress miR-30d genes via a conserved STAT3-binding site in its promoter, thereby promoting PC12 cell autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified IL-6-dependent autophagy-related signaling between microglia and neurons, which contributed to neuronal apoptosis. Importantly, we also provided potential therapeutic targets for ischemic treatment via the interruption of proinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.,Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Hao Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.,Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Shi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.,Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China. .,Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221West Yan An Road, 200040, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Zen R, Terashima T, Tsuji S, Katagi M, Ohashi N, Nobuta Y, Higuchi A, Kanai H, Murakami T, Kojima H. Ambient Temperature Is Correlated With the Severity of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury via Microglial Accumulation in Mice. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:883556. [PMID: 35601427 PMCID: PMC9120824 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.883556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) has been studied in several rodent models to develop novel treatments. Although it is well known that high ambient temperature results in severe HIE, the effect of subtle changes in ambient temperature during a hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult has not been studied. Therefore, in order to clarify the difference of pathophysiological change among the HIE models due to the influence of small changes in chamber temperature, three-step gradual change of 0.5°C each were prepared in ambient temperature during hypoxic exposure. METHODS Blood flow in the left common carotid artery (CCA) of neonatal mice was interrupted using bipolar electronic forceps under general and local anesthesia. The mice were subsequently subjected to 10% hypoxic exposure for 50 min at 36.0, 36.5, or 37.0°C. A control group was also included in the study. The size of the striatum and hippocampus and the volume reduction rate of the hemisphere in the section containing them on the ischemic side were evaluated using microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunostaining. The accumulation of Iba1-positive cells was investigated to assess inflammation. Additionally, rotarod and open-field tests were performed 2 weeks after HI insult to assess its effect on physiological conditions. RESULTS MAP2 staining revealed that the higher the temperature during hypoxia, the more severe the volume reduction rate in the hemisphere, striatum, and hippocampus. The number of Iba1-positive cells in the ipsilateral lesion gradually increased with increasing temperature, and there was a significant difference in motor function in the 36.5 and 37.0°C groups compared with the sham group. In the open-field tests, there was a significant decrease in performance in the 37.0°C groups compared with the 36.0°C and sham groups. CONCLUSIONS Even a small gradual change of 0.5°C produced a significant difference in pathological and behavioral changes and contributed to the accumulation of Iba1-positive cells. The arrangement of ambient temperature is useful for creating a rodent model with the appropriate severity of the targeted neuropsychological symptoms to establish a novel therapy for HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Zen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Miwako Katagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yuri Nobuta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Asuka Higuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kanai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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15
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Kung Y, Hsiao MY, Yang SM, Wen TY, Chen M, Liao WH, Wu CH, Ao L, Chen WS. A single low-energy shockwave pulse opens blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers and facilitates gastrodin delivery to alleviate epilepsy. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105730. [PMID: 34464899 PMCID: PMC8408522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is another gatekeeper between systemic circulation and the central nervous system (CNS), mainly present at the boundary between choroid plexuses and the ventricular system. This study demonstrates BCSFB opening in rats by single pulse of low-energy focused shockwave (FSW, energy flux density 0.03 mJ/mm2, 2 × 106 microbubbles/kg) treatment at lateral ventricle, resulting in significantly elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of systemically-administered gastrodin (GTD) (4 times vs. control within 3 hrs) that remained detectable for 24 hrs. The FSW-GTD group had significantly lower Racine's scale (<4) and zero mortality (n = 30) after lithium-pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Electrophysiological recordings showed decreased epileptiform discharges, and brain section histology revealed reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, when compared with groups without FSW (Racine's scale: 4 ∼ 5; mortality: 26.67 ∼ 36.67%). FSW-mediated BCSFB opening provides a promising alternative for controlled-delivery of therapeutics into the CNS, offering rapid and widespread medication distribution. The technique could by applied in the development of novel therapies for various CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsiao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Yi Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Moxian Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hao Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Hung Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lijuan Ao
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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