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Omarova I, Akanova A, Kurmanova A, Kurmanova G, Glushkova N, Seidanova A, Turysbekov K. Acupuncture as an Additional Method of Rehabilitation Post-COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:238-246. [PMID: 37799621 PMCID: PMC10547817 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.3.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of complex rehabilitation with and without acupuncture in a hospital setting. Methods A randomized clinical trial was performed at Rehabilitation center "Kamenskoe Plato" in Almaty, Kazakhstan. 160 patients with Post COVID-19 condition were randomly equally divided into an acupuncture with complex rehabilitation methods and a only complex rehabilitation methods group in the period from March 1, 2022 to July 1, 2022. Either groups was performed for an 10-14 days period. The outcome measures were the Bartel index, the Borg scale, Modified Dyspnea Scale and the 6-minute walking test. Adverse events also were monitored and documented. Results We found statistically significant improvement after the rehabilitation course with acupuncture in the all scales. And in the group without acupuncture, only on two scales MDS and Borg scale. Conclusion Rehabilitation with acupuncture is possible and effective in patients recovering from post-COVID-19. Our findings may be useful to guide clinicians taking care of patients with post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Omarova
- Faculty of Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Department of Clinical Subjects at High School of Medicine at Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Assiya Akanova
- Department of Clinical Subjects at High School of Medicine at Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul Kurmanova
- Department of Clinical Subjects at High School of Medicine at Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Kurmanova
- Department of Clinical Subjects at High School of Medicine at Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Natalya Glushkova
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Amina Seidanova
- Department of Rehabilitation of the City Clinical Hospital №1, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Tong L, Ma Z, Zhou Y, Yang S, Yang Y, Luo J, Huang J, Wang F. Combination of Chinese herbal medicine and conventional western medicine for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1175827. [PMID: 37529247 PMCID: PMC10387529 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus conventional western medicine (CWM) in comparison with CWM against COVID-19. Methods We searched eight electronic databases and three trial registers spanning from January 1, 2020 to May 18, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness and safety of CHM plus CWM and CWM against COVID-19 in our study. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 (RoB2) was applied to evaluate the methodological quality of the included RCTs. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was employed to assess the certainty of evidence. Statistical analysis was implemented in R version 4.1.2. Results Our study included 50 RCTs involving 11,624 patients. In comparison with sole CWM, CHM plus CWM against COVID-19 significantly enhanced clinical effective rate (RR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.13, 1.22]), improved chest image (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.11, 1.28]), inhibited clinical deterioration (RR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.33, 0.60]), lowered mortality (RR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.40, 0.70]), and reduced the total score of TCM syndrome (SMD = -1.24, 95% CI [-1.82, -0.66]). SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid conversion time (MD = -2.66, 95% CI [-3.88, -1.44]), duration of hospitalization (MD = -2.36, 95% CI [-3.89, -0.82]), and clinical symptom (fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath) recovery times were shorter in CHM plus CWM groups than in CWM groups. Further, CHM plus CWM treatment was more conducive for some laboratory indicators returning to normal levels. No statistical difference was found in the incidence of total adverse reactions between the two groups (RR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.88, 1.07]). We assessed the risk of bias for 246 outcomes, and categorized 55 into "low risk", 151 into "some concerns", and 40 into "high risk". Overall, the certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Conclusions Potentially, CHM listed in this study, as an adjunctive therapy, combining with CWM is an effective and safe therapy mode for COVID-19. However, more high-quality RCTs are needed to draw more accurate conclusions. Clinical trial registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=293963.
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Cheng FJ, Ho CY, Li TS, Chen Y, Yeh YL, Wei YL, Huynh TK, Chen BR, Ko HY, Hsueh CS, Tan M, Wu YC, Huang HC, Tang CH, Chen CH, Tu CY, Huang WC. Umbelliferone and eriodictyol suppress the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:118. [PMID: 37381062 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia argyi (A. argyi), also called Chinese mugwort, has been widely used to control pandemic diseases for thousands of years since ancient China due to its anti-microbial infection, anti-allergy, and anti-inflammation activities. Therefore, the potential of A. argyi and its constituents in reducing the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was investigated in this study. RESULTS Among the phytochemicals in A. argyi, eriodictyol and umbelliferone were identified to target transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins, the essential factors for the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2, in both FRET-based enzymatic assays and molecular docking analyses. These two ingredients of A. argyi suppressed the infection of ACE2-expressed HEK-293 T cells with lentiviral-based pseudo-particles (Vpp) expressing wild-type and variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (SARS-CoV-2 S-Vpp) via interrupting the interaction between S protein and cellular receptor ACE2 and reducing the expressions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Oral administration with umbelliferone efficiently prevented the SARS-CoV-2 S-Vpp-induced inflammation in the lung tissues of BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS Eriodictyol and umbelliferone, the phytochemicals of Artemisia argyi, potentially suppress the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 by preventing the protein binding activity of the S protein to ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ju Cheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Ho
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Family Medicine, Physical Examination Center, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, 302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, 302, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, and Innovation Research Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Yeh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Thanh Kieu Huynh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Rong Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Ko
- Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chen-Si Hsueh
- Taichung Girls' Senior High School, Taichung, 403, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Tu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, 302, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Jantan I, Arshad L, Septama AW, Haque MA, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Govender NT. Antiviral effects of phytochemicals against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and their mechanisms of action: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1036-1056. [PMID: 36343627 PMCID: PMC9878073 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide spreading of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a serious threat to health, economic, environmental, and social aspects of human lives. Currently, there are no approved treatments that can effectively block the virus although several existing antimalarial and antiviral agents have been repurposed and allowed use during the pandemic under the emergency use authorization (EUA) status. This review gives an updated overview of the antiviral effects of phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids against the COVID-19 virus and their mechanisms of action. Search for natural lead molecules against SARS-CoV-2 has been focusing on virtual screening and in vitro studies on phytochemicals that have shown great promise against other coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV. Until now, there is limited data on in vivo investigations to examine the antiviral activity of plants in SARS-CoV-2-infected animal models and the studies were performed using crude extracts. Further experimental and preclinical investigations on the in vivo effects of phytochemicals have to be performed to provide sufficient efficacy and safety data before clinical studies can be performed to develop them into COVID-19 drugs. Phytochemicals are potential sources of new chemical leads for the development of safe and potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Laiba Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nisha T Govender
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Maimaitiming M, Xie J, Zheng Z, Zhu Y. Effect of the Announcement of Human-to-Human Transmission on Telemedicine Services in China During COVID-19. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e311. [PMID: 36503653 PMCID: PMC9947051 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Telemedicine enables patients to communicate with physicians effectively, especially during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, few studies have explored the use of online health care platforms for a comprehensive range of specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate how telemedicine services were affected by the announcement of human-to-human transmission in China. METHODS Telemedicine data from haodf.com in China were collected. A difference-in-differences analysis compared the number of telemedicine use and the number of active online physicians for different specialties in 2020 with the numbers in 2019, before and after the announcement of human-to-human transmission. RESULTS Data from 2 473 734 telemedicine use during the same calendar time in 2020 and 2019 were collected. Telemedicine use in 2020 increased by 349.9% after the announcement of human-to-human transmission in China, and the number of active online physicians increased by 23.2%. The difference-in-differences analysis indicated that the announcement had statistically significant positive effects on the numbers of telemedicine use for almost all specialties, except cosmetic dermatology, pathology, occupational diseases, sports medicine, burn, medical imaging, and interventional medicine. CONCLUSION Telemedicine services increased significantly after the announcement of human-to-human transmission of COVID-19. Online activities of most specialties increased, except where providers had to conduct in-person testing and provide bedside therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingui Xie
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Zhichao Zheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Corresponding author: Yongjian Zhu,
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Pharmacological Mechanism of NRICM101 for COVID-19 Treatments by Combined Network Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315385. [PMID: 36499711 PMCID: PMC9740625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptom treatments for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and Long COVID are one of the most critical issues of the pandemic era. In light of the lack of standardized medications for treating COVID-19 symptoms, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has emerged as a potentially viable strategy based on numerous studies and clinical manifestations. Taiwan Chingguan Yihau (NRICM101), a TCM designed based on a medicinal formula with a long history of almost 500 years, has demonstrated its antiviral properties through clinical studies, yet the pharmacogenomic knowledge for this formula remains unclear. The molecular mechanism of NRICM101 was systematically analyzed by using exploratory bioinformatics and pharmacodynamics (PD) approaches. Results showed that there were 434 common interactions found between NRICM101 and COVID-19 related genes/proteins. For the network pharmacology of the NRICM101, the 434 common interacting genes/proteins had the highest associations with the interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Moreover, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was found to have the highest association with the 30 most frequently curated NRICM101 chemicals. Disease analyses also revealed that the most relevant diseases with COVID-19 infections were pathology, followed by cancer, digestive system disease, and cardiovascular disease. The 30 most frequently curated human genes and 2 microRNAs identified in this study could also be used as molecular biomarkers or therapeutic options for COVID-19 treatments. In addition, dose-response profiles of NRICM101 doses and IL-6 or TNF-α expressions in cell cultures of murine alveolar macrophages were constructed to provide pharmacodynamic (PD) information of NRICM101. The prevalent use of NRICM101 for standardized treatments to attenuate common residual syndromes or chronic sequelae of COVID-19 were also revealed for post-pandemic future.
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The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I–R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
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Ang L, Song E, Zhang J, Lee HW, Lee MS. Herbal medicine for COVID-19: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154136. [PMID: 35550224 PMCID: PMC9045877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread throughout countries, researchers and scientific groups have published a large number of scientific papers examining effective treatments and prevention strategies for COVID-19, including herbal medicine. It has become difficult to navigate the increasing volume of scientific material on the pandemic, and critical appraisal of these outcomes is needed. This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) aims to synthesize evidence from SRs and summarize the effects of herbal medicine interventions in the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS Four databases were searched from inception up to October 20, 2021. SRs analyzing primary studies of the efficacy of herbal medications for treating COVID-19 were included. Two reviewers selected the studies and retrieved the data independently. The AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included SRs. RESULTS A total of 21 SRs on herbal medicine treatments for COVID-19 were included. All SRs were published between May 2020 and September 2021. Thirteen of the SRs included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), whereas the remaining eight included evidence from nonrandomized trials in addition to RCTs, with a significant overlap identified across the RCTs. Twelve SRs concluded that existing evidence was insufficient to form a definite judgment, nine found that herbal therapy was useful, and none indicated that herbal medicine had no benefit. The AMSTAR 2 tool revealed that the methodological quality of the included SRs was generally low. CONCLUSION In this overview of SRs, we reviewed herbal medicine-related evidence from 21 SRs that were published after the outbreak of COVID-19. This study shows that while there is considerable evidence demonstrating the advantages of herbal medicine interventions, the quality of the evidence is inadequate to provide solid and accurate judgments about the effectiveness of herbal medicine therapies for COVID-19. Despite the crisis caused by the pandemic, clinical studies and SRs should comply with established methodological standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Song
- Global Cooperation Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Centre, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hye Won Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Wang X, Lin S, Tang RWL, Lee HC, Chan HH, Choi SSA, Leung KW, Webb SE, Miller AL, Tsim KWK. Polygoni multiflori radix extracts inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry in HEK293T cells and zebrafish larvae. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154154. [PMID: 35576740 PMCID: PMC9081044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths and led to unprecedented socioeconomic damage. There is therefore, in addition to vaccination, an urgent need to develop complementary effective treatments and/or protective and preventative therapies against this deadly disease. METHODS Here, a multi-component testing platform was established to screen a library of herbal extracts from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to identify potent herbal extracts/phytochemicals as possible therapeutics for COVID-19. We utilized assays for spike protein (S-protein) binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2); the enzymatic inhibition of 3CL protease; and entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into cultured HEK293T cells and zebrafish larvae. RESULTS Over a thousand herbal extracts were screened and approximately 20 positive hits were identified. Among these, we found that the water and ethanol extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) significantly inhibited S-protein binding to ACE2, 3CL protease activity, and viral entry into the cell and fish models. The water extract was more effective than the ethanol extract, with IC50 values of 25 to 500 µg/ml. In addition, the polysaccharide-depleted fraction of the former, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which was found in both extracts, displayed significant antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the water and ethanol extracts of PMR have an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus host-cell entry. Furthermore, EGCG might be an active component of PMR, which blocks SARS-CoV-2 entry to cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that PMR might be considered as a potential treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengying Lin
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roy Wai-Lun Tang
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Chun Lee
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Hin Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheyne S A Choi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wing Leung
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Center for Chinese Medicine, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Ang L, Song E, Hu XY, Lee HW, Chen Y, Lee MS. Herbal Medicine Intervention for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review and Cumulative Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906764. [PMID: 35795550 PMCID: PMC9251500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Integrative herbal medicine has been reported to have beneficial effects in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aim: To compile up-to-date evidence of the benefits and risks of herbal medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: Eleven databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP), Research Information Service System (RISS), Korean Medical database (KMBase), Korean Association of Medical Journal database (KoreaMed), and OASIS database, were searched from 15 June, 2020, until 28 March 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in any language, reporting the efficacy and safety outcomes of herbal medicine in patients of all ages with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this analysis. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed independently. Results: Random-effects meta-analyses showed evidence of favorable effects of treatment with herbal medicine when added to standard treatment, versus standard treatment alone, on the total effective rate (p = 0.0001), time to remission from fever (p < 0.00001), rate of remission from coughing (p < 0.0001), fatigue (p = 0.02), sputum production (p = 0.004), improvement of manifestations observed on chest computed tomography scans (p < 0.00001), incidence of progression to severe COVID-19 (p = 0.003), all-cause mortality (p = 0.003), time to a negative COVID-19 coronavirus test (p < 0.0001), and duration of hospital stay (p = 0.0003). There was no evidence of a difference between herbal medicine added to standard treatment, versus standard treatment alone, on the rate of remission from symptoms such as a fever, sore throat, nasal congestion and discharge, diarrhea, dry throat, chills, and the rate of conversion to a negative COVID-19 coronavirus test. Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a significant difference in adverse events between the two groups. There was an unclear risk of bias across the RCTs included in this analysis, indicating that most studies had methodological limitations. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that herbal medicine added to standard treatment has potential benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms but the certainty of evidence was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Song
- Global Cooperation Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Xiao-Yang Hu
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hye Won Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Myeong Soo Lee,
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11
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Zhou H, Ni WJ, Huang W, Wang Z, Cai M, Sun YC. Advances in Pathogenesis, Progression, Potential Targets and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834942. [PMID: 35450063 PMCID: PMC9016159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the new year of 2020 approaches, an acute respiratory disease quietly caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, COVID-19 broke out on a global scale and formed a global public health emergency. To date, the destruction that has lasted for more than two years has not stopped and has caused the virus to continuously evolve new mutant strains. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to cause multiple complications and lead to severe disability and death, which has dealt a heavy blow to global development, not only in the medical field but also in social security, economic development, global cooperation and communication. To date, studies on the epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism and pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19, as well as target confirmation, drug screening, and clinical intervention have achieved remarkable effects. With the continuous efforts of the WHO, governments of various countries, and scientific research and medical personnel, the public’s awareness of COVID-19 is gradually deepening, a variety of prevention methods and detection methods have been implemented, and multiple vaccines and drugs have been developed and urgently marketed. However, these do not appear to have completely stopped the pandemic and ravages of this virus. Meanwhile, research on SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19 has also seen some twists and controversies, such as potential drugs and the role of vaccines. In view of the fact that research on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 has been extensive and in depth, this review will systematically update the current understanding of the epidemiology, transmission mechanism, pathological features, potential targets, promising drugs and ongoing clinical trials, which will provide important references and new directions for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Jian Ni
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, The Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University-Anhui Campus, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Cai Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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12
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Wu H, Dai R, Wu X, Li Q, Lu H, Yang J, Mao W, Hei P, Liang J, Ji C. Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Medicine for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:333-349. [PMID: 35114908 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment with a focus on the benefits of symptomatic relief and time-related indexes. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, Wanfang Data, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry) were systematically searched from their beginning to April 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing patients using Western therapy (WT) alone and those using additional Chinese medicine (WT [Formula: see text] CM) were included. Primary outcomes included overall efficacy, lung recovery, and time to viral assay conversion. Secondary outcomes included time and rate of individual symptom recovery, laboratory indicators, and adverse events. Overall, 15 RCTs, including 1469 participants, were included in this review. WT [Formula: see text] CM significantly improved overall efficacy (risk ratio, RR [Formula: see text] 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.30; [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.01) and lung recovery (RR [Formula: see text] 1.30; 95% CI:1.19 to 1.42; [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.01) and shortened the time to viral assay conversion (weighted mean differences, WMD [Formula: see text]1.38; 95% CI: -1.98 to -0.78; [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.01) and duration of chest distress (WMD [Formula: see text] 2.41; 95% CI: -2.99 to -1.83; [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.01) compared to WT alone. There was no difference in safety between the WT [Formula: see text] CM and WT groups (RR [Formula: see text] 0.94; 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.39; [Formula: see text] 0.76). In conclusion, the synthesized evidence from 15 RCTs showed that additional Chinese medication may improve treatment efficacy, relieve symptoms, promote lung recovery, and reduce the inflammatory response against COVID-19, while not increasing the risk of adverse events compared with conventional Western medication alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanting Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Xiaqiu Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Qiushuang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Hanti Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Peijie Hei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Juan Liang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Conghua Ji
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
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13
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Guo J, Qin Z, Lau NC, Fong TL, Meng W, Zhang ZJ, Luo Y, Wong VCWT, Feng Y, Chen H. Chinese Medicine for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1-31. [PMID: 34931587 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2250001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused enormous public health and socioeconomic burden globally. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) against COVID-19. Eleven databases were searched on April 30, 2021, and 52 studies were included. The RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and GRADE tools were employed to assess the risks and evidence grades. The findings with moderate certainty in GRADE showed that compared with routine treatment (RT), Lianhua Qingwen granules (LHQW) adjunctive to RT showed significantly improved efficacy rate (relative risk (RR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.09, 1.31]), febrile score (standard mean difference (SMD) = -1.21, 95% CI: [-1.43, -0.99]), and computerized tomography (CT) lung images (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: [1.10, 1.38]); Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPD) plus RT significantly shortened the length of hospital stay (SMD = -1.83, 95% CI: [-2.18, -1.48]); Feiyan Yihao formula (FYYH) plus RT significantly improved the clinical efficacy rate (RR = 1.07, 95% CI: [1, 1.15]), febrile time (SMD = -0.02, 95% CI: [-0.23, 0.19]), and time to negative PCR test for COVID-19 (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI: [-0.94, -0.51]). Adjunctive effects of CM with lower certainty of evidence were found, including the improvements of symptoms, laboratory findings, and mortality. No or mild adverse events were observed in most of the studies. In conclusion, the current evidence indicates that CM formulae, particularly LHQW, QFPD, and FYYH, have adjunctive effects on the standard treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zongshi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ngai Chung Lau
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tung Leong Fong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Branch of Workstation of Distinguished Professor Yu Jin for Training and Research in Integrative Gynaecology, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Branch of Workstation of National Master Zhu Nansun for Chinese Medicine Gynaecology, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Chi-Woon Taam Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Haiyong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, P. R. China
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14
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Li L, Ma L, Hu Y, Li X, Yu M, Shang H, Zou Z. Natural biflavones are potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 193:112984. [PMID: 34757253 PMCID: PMC8506144 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Papain-like protease (PLpro) is a key enzyme encoded by SARS-CoV-2 that is essential for viral replication and immune evasion. Significant suppression of viral spread and promotion of antiviral immunity can be achieved by inhibition of PLpro, revealing an inspiring strategy for COVID-19 treatment. This study aimed to discover PLpro inhibitors by investigating the national compound library of traditional Chinese medicines (NCLTCMs), a phytochemical library comprising over 9000 TCM-derived compounds. Through virtual screening and enzymatic evaluations, nine natural biflavones were confirmed to be effective PLpro inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 9.5 to 43.2 μM. Pro-ISG15 cleavage assays further demonstrated that several biflavones exhibited potent inhibitory effects against PLpro-mediated deISGylation, a key process involved in viral immune evasion. Herein, we report the discovery, antiviral evaluation, structure-activity relationship elucidation and molecular docking investigation of biflavones as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Liyan Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Hai Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhongmei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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15
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Birch S, Alraek T, Gröbe S. Reflections on the potential role of acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of Covid-19 and subsequent health problems. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100780. [PMID: 34692410 PMCID: PMC8523205 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Birch
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Alraek
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
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16
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Lu CL, Zheng RX, Xue X, Zhang XW, Liu XH, Jin XY, Pu FL, Lan HD, Fang M, Kong LY, Willcox M, Graz B, Houriet J, Hu XY, Liu JP. Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 pandemic and emerging challenges: An online cross-sectional survey in China. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100798. [PMID: 34692409 PMCID: PMC8524811 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHODS The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. RESULTS The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. CONCLUSION We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Lu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Xiang Zheng
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- First Clinical College and affiliated hospital, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Han Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Jin
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Lan Pu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Di Lan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Min Fang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Yao Kong
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Merlin Willcox
- Primary care, Population Science and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Xiao-Yang Hu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Research Design Service South Central, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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