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Choong MJ, Dewadas HD, Cheng Lim L, Sukuru SD, Tan CH, Cheong SK, Lim YM. Effects of house-cultivated edible bird's nest on immunoglobulin and cytokine release in vitro. Vet World 2024; 17:1370-1384. [PMID: 39077458 PMCID: PMC11283608 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1370-1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Edible bird's nest (EBN) is known as the "Caviar of the East" because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. Nevertheless, its effect on human immunity is yet to be explored. This study examined the effects of EBN's aqueous extract (EBNE) on human immunity through the modular immune in vitro construct (MIMIC) model consisting of peripheral tissue equivalent (PTE) and lymphoid tissue equivalent (LTE) modules. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty mL of full blood was obtained from four healthy human volunteers. The human immune system was simulated using an in vitro model, called MIMIC. Under EBNE treatment, monocyte transendothelial migration through reversed endothelial layers was observed. Using PTE and LTE modules, monocytes were differentiated into dendritic cells with lipopolysaccharide, then co-cultured with T- and B-cells for cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) production. The human cytokine array G2000 and quantitative human Ig isotyping array were used to identify the cytokine profile and Ig isotypes, respectively. Results IgE, IgA, and IgG3 levels were significantly raised by EBNE. These cytokines, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derivative neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4, were generated. Conclusion For the first time, this work uses a MIMIC model to illustrate the impact of EBNE on human immune response. This new understanding of EBN's immunoregulatory effect allows for further exploration of how EBN interacts with the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel June Choong
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hemaniswarri Dewi Dewadas
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Kampar, 31900, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Business and Public Administration, Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Kampar, 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lay Cheng Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sheela Devi Sukuru
- Department of Nursing, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Hong Tan
- Inbit Biotech Sdn. Bhd., No. 8, Lorong University B, Seksyen 16, 46350 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Department of Medicine, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Liu B, Zheng S, Tang H, Liu Q, Li H, Gao B, Zhao X, Sun F. Highly sensitive detection of free testosterone assisted by magnetic nanobeads and gap-enhanced SERS nanotags. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112460. [PMID: 35298951 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative determination of trace free testosterone (FT) is of great significance for the diagnosis of androgen-related endocrine diseases. Herein, a fascinating detection protocol was developed for highly sensitive FT analysis through a competitive immunoassay mechanism, which was composed of magnetic nanobeads (MNBs) and gap-enhanced surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags. With the MNBs as detection carriers, trace FT could be enriched by simple magnetic separation. The SERS nanotag constructed with silver-gold core-shell nanoparticle was acted as quantitative label, and Raman indicators were located at the interface between silver core and gold shell. It is demonstrated that the as-proposed protocol achieves high detection sensitivity for FT of 12.11 fg mL-1, and wider linear dynamic detection range (LDR) in the concentration of 100 fg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with R2 value of 0.979, which is due to the enhanced Raman signal of the gap-enhanced SERS nanotag and the high surface-to-volume ratio of the MNB, respectively. Taking advantages of such sensitivity and accuracy approach, the as-developed powerful strategy presents potential applications for rapid disease diagnosis through analyzing trace levels of FT, and can also provide guidance for the exploitation of analysis project of other analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Shiya Zheng
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hanyu Tang
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bingbing Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Southeast University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Knowledge Gap in Understanding the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Regulation in Steroidogenesis Following Exposure to Bisphenol A and Its Analogues. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061281. [PMID: 35740303 PMCID: PMC9219931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bisphenols has become extremely common in our daily lives. Due to the extensive toxic effects of Bisphenol A (BPA), the industry has replaced this endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) with its analogues, which have been proven to decrease testosterone levels via several mechanisms, including targeting the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. However, when exposed to BPA and its analogues, the specific mechanism that emerges to target StAR protein regulations remains uncertain. Hence, this review discusses the effects of BPA and its analogues in StAR protein regulation by targeting cAMP-PKA, PLC-PKC, EGFR-MAPK/ERK and Ca2+-Nur77. BPA and its analogues mainly lead to decreased LH in blood and increased ERK expression and Ca2+ influx, with no relationship with the StAR protein regulation in testicular steroidogenesis. Furthermore, the involvement of the cAMP-PKA, PLC-PKC, and Nur77 molecules in StAR regulation in Leydig cells exposed to BPA and its analogues remains questionable. In conclusion, although BPA and its analogues have been found to disrupt the StAR protein, the evidence in connecting the signaling pathways with the StAR regulations in testicular steroidogenesis is still lacking, and more research is needed to draw a solid conclusion.
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Jaffar FHF, Osman K, Hui CK, Zulkefli AF, Ibrahim SF. Long-Term Wi-Fi Exposure From Pre-Pubertal to Adult Age on the Spermatogonia Proliferation and Protective Effects of Edible Bird’s Nest Supplementation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:828578. [PMID: 35360230 PMCID: PMC8963498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.828578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children are vulnerable to the radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by Wi-Fi devices. Nevertheless, the severity of the Wi-Fi effect on their reproductive development has been sparsely available. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the Wi-Fi exposure on spermatogonia proliferation in the testis. This study also incorporated an approach to attenuate the effect of Wi-Fi by giving concurrent edible bird’s nest (EBN) supplementation. It was predicted that Wi-Fi exposure reduces spermatogonia proliferation while EBN supplementation protects against it. A total of 30 (N = 30) 3-week-old Sprague Dawley weanlings were divided equally into five groups; Control, Control EBN, Wi-Fi, Sham Wi-Fi, and Wi-Fi + EBN. 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure and 250 mg/kg EBN supplementation were conducted for 14 weeks. Findings showed that the Wi-Fi group had decreased in spermatogonia mitosis status. However, the mRNA and protein expression of c-Kit-SCF showed no significant decrease. Instead, the reproductive hormone showed a reduction in FSH and LH serum levels. Of these, LH serum level was decreased significantly in the Wi-Fi group. Otherwise, supplementing the Wi-Fi + EBN group with 250 mg/kg EBN resulted in a significant increase in spermatogonia mitotic status. Even though EBN supplementation improved c-Kit-SCF mRNA and protein expression, the effects were insignificant. The improvement of spermatogonia mitosis appeared to be associated with a significant increase in blood FSH levels following EBN supplementation. In conclusion, the long-term Wi-Fi exposure from pre-pubertal to adult age reduces spermatogonia proliferation in the testis. On the other hand, EBN supplementation protects spermatogonia proliferation against Wi-Fi exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khairul Osman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chua Kien Hui
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aini Farzana Zulkefli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Siti Fatimah Ibrahim,
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