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Raza S, Khan N. Unilateral avascular necrosis of the right hip in an HIV patient with tearing of the rectus femoris and adductor longus muscles. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258709. [PMID: 38802252 PMCID: PMC11130611 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A man in his 20s with a medical history of syphilis, chlamydia and HIV presented to the emergency department (ED) with 2 months of right hip pain and was found to have advanced avascular necrosis (AVN) of the right femoral head with secondary haemorrhage. The patient lacked the common risk factors of AVN in patients with HIV (PWH): ≥10 years of HIV diagnosis, extended duration on highly active antiretroviral therapy, trauma, corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, systemic lupus erythematosus, obesity, smoking and dyslipidaemia. Given the extensive destructive changes in the hip joint and muscles, a right hip resection arthroplasty was performed, and the patient recovered well postoperatively. This case presents a learning opportunity for understanding bone pathologies in PWH and offers clinical guidance for the management of HIV-infected patients with a focus on optimising bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Raza
- Internal Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nazia Khan
- Internal Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Ouyang X, Li S, Ding Y, Xin F, Liu M. Mechanism of miRNA-31 Regulating Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway by Targeting Satb2 in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2023; 23:346-354. [PMID: 37654220 PMCID: PMC10483816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of miR-31 and Satb2 gene in the serum of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP). METHODS 97 postmenopausal women with OP and 100 healthy women were selected as research subjects. MSCs were purchased from Shanghai Zhong Qiao Xin Zhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated, identified and transfected, and then quantified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The expression levels of miR-31 and Satb2 gene mRNA were determined by qRT-PCR. The proteins of RUNX2, OCN and BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins (GSK-3, Frizzled 1, Lrp5, Lrp6 and β-catenin) were tested by Western blotting. RESULTS In the OP group, the relative expression of miR-31 was 3.61±0.54, significantly higher than that (1.75±0.27) in the healthy control group (t=9.422, P<0.001). The relative expression of mRNA of Satb2 gene was 0.86±0.12, significantly lower than that (1.35±0.21) in the healthy control group (t=5.897, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The increase in miR-31 expression can down-regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting the expression of Satb2 gene, thereby inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. This provides an important reference for further understanding the mechanism of OP and identifying targets for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shimin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yunzhi Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Feng Xin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
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Chou CH, Chiou JS, Ho MW, Tien N, Li TM, Chiu ML, Tsai FJ, Wu YC, Chou IC, Lu HF, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Association of combination antiretroviral therapy with risk of neurological diseases in patients with HIV/AIDS in Taiwan: a nested case-control study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1110605. [PMID: 37361207 PMCID: PMC10285306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1110605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous neurocognitive impairment remains an important issue, even in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), with an incidence ranging from 15% to 65%. Although ART drugs with higher penetration scores to the central nervous system (CNS) show better HIV replication control in the CNS, the association between CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE) scores and neurocognitive impairment remains inconclusive. To explore whether ART exposure is associated with the risk of neurological diseases among patients with HIV/AIDS, this study in Taiwan involved 2,571 patients with neurological diseases and 10,284 matched, randomly selected patients without neurological diseases between 2010 and 2017. A conditional logistic regression model was used in this study. The parameters for ART exposure included ART usage, timing of exposure, cumulative defined daily dose (DDD), adherence, and cumulative CPE score. Incident cases of neurological diseases, including CNS infections, cognitive disorders, vasculopathy, and peripheral neuropathy, were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of neurological diseases were conducted using a multivariate conditional logistic regression model. Patients with a history of past exposure (OR: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.22-2.32), low cumulative DDDs (< 2,500) (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15-1.42), low adherence (0 < adherence (ADH) ≤ 0.8) (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.30-1.64), or high cumulative CPE scores (>14) (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.14-1.57) had a high risk of neurological diseases. When stratified by classes of ART drugs, patients with low cumulative DDDs or low adherence had a high risk of neurological diseases, including NRTIs, PIs, NNRTIs, INSTIs, and multi-drug tablets. Subgroup analyses also suggested that patients with low cumulative DDDs or low adherence had a high risk of neurological diseases when they had high cumulative CPE scores. Patients with high cumulative DDDs or medication adherence were protected against neurological diseases only when they had low cumulative CPE scores (≤ 14). Patients may be at risk for neurological diseases when they have low cumulative DDDs, low adherence, or usage with high cumulative CPE scores. Continuous usage and low cumulative CPE scores of ART drugs may benefit neurocognitive health in patients with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsing Chou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Shiun Chiou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Wang Ho
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Lin Chiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chiou JS, Chou CH, Ho MW, Tien N, Liang WM, Chiu ML, Tsai FJ, Wu YC, Chou IC, Lu HF, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li TM, Lin YJ. Effect of Chinese herbal medicine therapy on risks of all-cause mortality, infections, parasites, and circulatory-related mortality in HIV/AIDS patients with neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097862. [PMID: 36937878 PMCID: PMC10020503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Long-term living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with various adverse effects, including neurocognitive impairment. Heterogeneous neurocognitive impairment remains an important issue, affecting between 15-65% of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients and resulting in work performance, safety, and health-related outcomes that have a heavy economic burden. Methods: We identified 1,209 HIV/AIDS patients with neurological diseases during 2010-2017. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze 308 CHM users and 901 non-CHM users within this population. Major CHM clusters were determined using association rule mining and network analysis. Results and Discussion: Results showed that CHM users had a 70% lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.16-0.58, p < 0.001) (p = 0.0007, log-rank test). Furthermore, CHM users had an 86% lower risk of infections, parasites, and circulatory-related mortality (aHR = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.04-0.46, p = 0.001) (p = 0.0010, log-rank test). Association rule mining and network analysis showed that two CHM clusters were important for patients with neurological diseases. In the first CHM cluster, Huang Qin (HQ; root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), Gan Cao (GC; root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), Huang Lian (HL; root of Coptis chinensis Franch.), Jie Geng (JG; root of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC.), and Huang Bai (HB; bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) were identified as important CHMs. Among them, the strongest connection strength was identified between the HL and HQ. In the second CHM cluster, Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang (SZRT) and Ye Jiao Teng (YJT; stem of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.) were identified as important CHMs with the strongest connection strength. CHMs may thus be effective in treating HIV/AIDS patients with neurological diseases, and future clinical trials are essential for the prevention of neurological dysfunction in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shiun Chiou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Healthcare, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsing Chou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Healthcare, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Wang Ho
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Lin Chiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Te-Mao Li, ; Ying-Ju Lin,
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Te-Mao Li, ; Ying-Ju Lin,
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Fayed ND, Arafa MF, Essa EA, El Maghraby GM. Lopinavir-menthol co-crystals for enhanced dissolution rate and intestinal absorption. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 74:103587. [PMID: 35845293 PMCID: PMC9272570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lopinavir is an antiretroviral, antiparasitic agent and recently utilized in treatment of COVID-19. Unfortunately, lopinavir exhibited poor oral bioavailability due to poor dissolution, extensive pre-systemic metabolism, and significant P-glycoprotein intestinal efflux. Accordingly, the aim was to enhance dissolution rate and intestinal absorption of lopinavir. This employed co-processing with menthol which is believed to modify crystalline structures and inhibit intestinal efflux. Lopinavir was mixed with menthol at different molar ratios before ethanol assisted kneading. Formulations were evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and dissolution studies. Optimum ratio was utilized to assess lopinavir intestinal permeability. This employed in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. FTIR, DSC and XRD indicated formation of lopinavir-menthol co-crystals at optimum molar ratio of 1:2. Additional menthol underwent phase separation due to possible self-association. Co-crystallization significantly enhanced lopinavir dissolution rate compared with pure drug to increase the dissolution efficiency from 24.96% in case of unprocessed lopinavir to 91.43% in optimum formulation. Lopinavir showed incomplete absorption from duodenum and jejuno-iliac segments with lower absorptive clearance from jejuno-ileum reflecting P-gp efflux. Co-perfusion with menthol increased lopinavir intestinal permeability. The study introduced menthol as co-crystal co-former for enhanced dissolution and augmented intestinal absorption of lopinavir.
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