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Tanaka K, Kawakami S, Mori S, Yamaguchi T, Saito E, Setoguchi Y, Matsui Y, Nishimura E, Ebihara S, Kawama T. Piceatannol Upregulates SIRT1 Expression in Skeletal Muscle Cells and in Human Whole Blood: In Vitro Assay and a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparison Trial. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:589. [PMID: 38792610 PMCID: PMC11122325 DOI: 10.3390/life14050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Piceatannol (PIC), a polyphenol abundant in passion fruit seeds, is reported to promote fat metabolism. This study investigated whether PIC affects sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and metabolic factors in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 myotubes were stimulated with PIC, and alterations in gene expression, protein levels, mitochondrial DNA content, and fatty acid levels were assessed using real-time PCR, Western blotting, and Nile red staining. Furthermore, we examined changes in SIRT1 expression following the consumption of a test food containing 100 mg PIC for 2 weeks among adults with varying age and body mass index ranges. Both PIC and passion fruit seed extract induced SIRT1 expression in C2C12 myotubes to a greater extent than resveratrol. PIC also increased the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid utilization, increased mitochondrial DNA content, and suppressed oleic acid-induced fat accumulation. Moreover, participants who consumed PIC exhibited significantly higher SIRT1 mRNA expression in whole blood compared to those in the placebo group. These findings suggest that PIC induces SIRT1 expression both in vitro and in the human body, which may promote mitochondrial biosynthesis and fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tanaka
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Shinpei Kawakami
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Sadao Mori
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Eriko Saito
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Yuko Setoguchi
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Yuko Matsui
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Eisaku Nishimura
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Shukuko Ebihara
- Chiyoda Paramedical Care Clinic, 3-3-10 Hongokucyo, Nihonbashi, Cyuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawama
- R&D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.); (S.M.); (T.Y.); (E.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.M.); (E.N.)
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Awad S, Skipper W, Vostrejs W, Ozorowski K, Min K, Pfuhler L, Mehta D, Cooke A. The YBX3 RNA-binding protein posttranscriptionally controls SLC1A5 mRNA in proliferating and differentiating skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105602. [PMID: 38159852 PMCID: PMC10837625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, skeletal muscles comprise nearly 40% of total body mass, which is maintained throughout adulthood by a balance of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Cellular amino acid (AA) levels are critical for these processes, and mammalian cells contain transporter proteins that import AAs to maintain homeostasis. Until recently, the control of transporter regulation has largely been studied at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. However, here, we report that the RNA-binding protein YBX3 is critical to sustain intracellular AAs in mouse skeletal muscle cells, which aligns with our recent findings in human cells. We find that YBX3 directly binds the solute carrier (SLC)1A5 AA transporter messenger (m)RNA to posttranscriptionally control SLC1A5 expression during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. YBX3 regulation of SLC1A5 requires the 3' UTR. Additionally, intracellular AAs transported by SLC1A5, either directly or indirectly through coupling to other transporters, are specifically reduced when YBX3 is depleted. Further, we find that reduction of the YBX3 protein reduces proliferation and impairs differentiation in skeletal muscle cells, and that YBX3 and SLC1A5 protein expression increase substantially during skeletal muscle differentiation, independently of their respective mRNA levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that YBX3 regulates AA transport in skeletal muscle cells, and that its expression is critical to maintain skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silina Awad
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Skipper
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Vostrejs
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kristen Min
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liva Pfuhler
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Cooke
- Biology Department, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA.
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YAN JIE, GU CHANGPING, LIU GE, ZHANG YAQIANG, YANG LI, ZHAO TAO, CAO CUICUI, ZHAO LIANG, WU GUANGHAN, WANG YUELAN. Aerobic Exercise in Male Mice Prevents Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Damage from sirt1 Dysregulation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1770-1780. [PMID: 37144632 PMCID: PMC10487353 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a common complication of mechanical ventilation under general anesthesia. Regular aerobic exercise before surgery improves postoperative recovery and reduces postoperative pulmonary complications, but the mechanism driving this protective effect is unclear. METHODS To determine how aerobic exercise prevents VILI, we investigated the effects of exercise and mechanical ventilation on the lungs of male mice and the effects of AMPK stimulation (simulating exercise) and cyclic stretching on human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC). Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) knockdown male mice were generated to explore the regulating mechanisms of sirt1 on mitochondrial function in male mice after mechanical ventilation was explored. Western blot, flow cytometry, live cell imaging, and mitochondrial function evaluations were used to determine the protective effects of aerobic exercise in preventing mitochondrial damage in VILI. RESULTS Mitochondrial function and cell junctions were destroyed by mechanical ventilation in male mice or cyclic stretching in HLMVEC, a model of VILI. However, mitochondrial function and cell junction dysfunction were improved by exercise before mechanical ventilation (male mice) or treatment with AMPK before cyclic stretching (HLMVEC). p66shc, a marker of oxidative stress, was increased, and PINK1, a marker of mitochondrial autophagy, was decreased by mechanical ventilation or cyclic stretching. Sirt1 knockdown increased p66shc and decreased PINK1. Increased sirt1 expression was observed in the exercise and exercise + ventilation groups, suggesting that sirt1 inhibits mitochondrial damage in VILI. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical ventilation induces mitochondrial damage in lung cells and leads to VILI. Regular aerobic exercise before ventilation may prevent VILI by improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIE YAN
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
| | - CHANGPING GU
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
- Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
| | - GE LIU
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
| | - YAQIANG ZHANG
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, CHINA
| | - LI YANG
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
| | - TAO ZHAO
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
| | - CUICUI CAO
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
| | - LIANG ZHAO
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
| | - GUANGHAN WU
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
| | - YUELAN WANG
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
- Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, CHINA
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Monroy-Cárdenas M, Andrades V, Almarza C, Vera MJ, Martínez J, Pulgar R, Amalraj J, Araya-Maturana R, Urra FA. A New Quinone-Based Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Complex I in D-Conformation, Producing Invasion Reduction and Sensitization to Venetoclax in Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1597. [PMID: 37627592 PMCID: PMC10451541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Complex I plays a crucial role in the proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis of breast cancer (BC) cells. This highlights it as an attractive target for anti-cancer drugs. Using submitochondrial particles, we identified FRV-1, an ortho-carbonyl quinone, which inhibits NADH:duroquinone activity in D-active conformation and reduces the 3ADP state respiration dependent on Complex I, causing mitochondrial depolarization, ATP drop, increased superoxide levels, and metabolic remodeling towards glycolysis in BC cells. Introducing methyl groups at FRV-1 structure produced analogs that acted as electron acceptors at the Complex I level or increased the inhibitory effect of FCCP-stimulated oxygen consumption rate, which correlated with their redox potential, but increased toxicity on RMF-621 human breast fibroblasts was observed. FRV-1 was inactive in the naphthoquinone oxidoreductase 1 (NOQ1)-positive BC cell line, MCF7, but the sensitivity was recovered by dicoumarol, a NOQ1 inhibitor, suggesting that FRV-1 is a NOQ1 substrate. Importantly, FRV-1 selectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NQO1 negative BC cell, MDA-MB-231, in an OXPHOS- and ROS-dependent manner and sensitized it to the BH3 mimetic drug venetoclax. Overall, FRV-1 is a novel Complex I inhibitor in D-active conformation, blocking possibly the re-activation to A-state, producing selective anti-cancer effects in NQO1-negative BC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Monroy-Cárdenas
- Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca 3480094, Chile
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Víctor Andrades
- Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca 3480094, Chile
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Metabólica y Bioenergética, Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Cristopher Almarza
- Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca 3480094, Chile
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Metabólica y Bioenergética, Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - María Jesús Vera
- Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca 3480094, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimento (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca 3480094, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimento (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Genética de Interacciones Biológicas (LG2IB), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimento (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - John Amalraj
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca 3480094, Chile
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3480094, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Félix A. Urra
- Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (MIBI), Talca 3480094, Chile
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Metabólica y Bioenergética, Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago 7810000, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 7810000, Chile
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Guo H, Bechtel-Walz W. The Interplay of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in the Kidney: What Do We Know? Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:627-642. [PMID: 37442108 DOI: 10.1159/000531290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, as an indispensable metabolism, plays pivotal roles in maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Nutritional stress, amino acid deficiency, oxidative stress, and hypoxia can trigger its initiation. Oxidative stress in the kidney activates essential signal molecules, like mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1), to stimulate autophagy, ultimately leading to degradation of intracellular oxidative substances and damaged organelles. Growing evidence suggests that autophagy protects the kidney from oxidative stress during acute ischemic kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and even aging. SUMMARY This review emphasizes the cross talk between reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways and autophagy during renal homeostasis and chronic kidney disease according to the current latest research and provides therapeutic targets during kidney disorders by adjusting autophagy and suppressing oxidative stress. KEY MESSAGES ROS arise through an imbalance of oxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to impaired cellular and organ function. Targeting the overproduction of ROS and reactive nitrogen species, reducing the antioxidant enzyme activity and the recovery of the prooxidative-antioxidative balance provide novel therapeutic regimens to contribute to recovery in acute and chronic renal failure. Although, in recent years, great progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and autophagy in acute and chronic renal failure, the focus on clinical therapies is still in its infancy. The growing number of studies on the interactive mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated autophagy will be of great importance for the future treatment and prevention of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Guo
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wibke Bechtel-Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Wang W, Liu R, Zhu Y, Wang L, Tang Y, Dou B, Tian S, Wang F. YuNü-Jian attenuates diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy: integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195149. [PMID: 37288289 PMCID: PMC10242144 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most prevalent complications of diabetes with complex pathogenesis. YuNü-Jian (YNJ) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula widely used for diabetes with hypoglycemic and cardioprotective effects. This study aims to investigate the actions and mechanisms of YNJ against DCM which has never been reported. Methods Network pharmacology approach was used to predict the potential pathways and targets of YNJ on DCM. Molecular docking between hub targets and active components of YNJ was performed and visualized by AutoDock Vina and PyMOL. Then type 2 diabetic model was employed and intervened with YNJ for 10 weeks to further validate these critical targets. Results First, a total of 32 main ingredients of YNJ were identified and 700 potential targets were screened to construct herb-compound-target network. Then 94 differentially expressed genes of DCM were identified from GEO database. After that, PPI network of DCM and YNJ were generated from which hub genes (SIRT1, Nrf2, NQO1, MYC and APP) were assessed by topology analysis. Next, functional and pathway analysis indicated that the candidate targets were enriched in response to oxidative stress and Nrf2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed strong affinity between core targets and active components of YNJ. Finally, in rats with type 2 diabetes, YNJ obviously attenuated cardiac collagen accumulation and degree of fibrosis. Meanwhile, YNJ significantly upregulated protein expression of SIRT1, Nrf2 and NQO1 in diabetic myocardium. Discussion Collectively, our findings suggested that YNJ could effectively ameliorate cardiomyopathy induced by diabetes possibly through SIRT1/Nrf2/NQO1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baolei Dou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Furong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH. Nutraceutical activation of Sirt1: a review. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2022-002171. [PMID: 36522127 PMCID: PMC9756291 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The deacetylase sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), activated by calorie restriction and fasting, exerts several complementary effects on cellular function that are favourable to healthspan; it is often thought of as an 'anti-aging' enzyme. Practical measures which might boost Sirt1 activity are therefore of considerable interest. A number of nutraceuticals have potential in this regard. Nutraceuticals reported to enhance Sirt1 synthesis or protein expression include ferulic acid, tetrahydrocurcumin, urolithin A, melatonin, astaxanthin, carnosic acid and neochlorogenic acid. The half-life of Sirt1 protein can be enhanced with the natural nicotinamide catabolite N1-methylnicotinamide. The availability of Sirt1's obligate substrate NAD+ can be increased in several ways: nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide can function as substrates for NAD+ synthesis; activators of AMP-activated kinase-such as berberine-can increase expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, which is rate limiting for NAD+ synthesis; and nutraceutical quinones such as thymoquinone and pyrroloquinoline quinone can boost NAD+ by promoting oxidation of NADH. Induced ketosis-as via ingestion of medium-chain triglycerides-can increase NAD+ in the brain by lessening the reduction of NAD+ mediated by glycolysis. Post-translational modifications of Sirt1 by O-GlcNAcylation or sulfonation can increase its activity, suggesting that administration of glucosamine or of agents promoting hydrogen sulfide synthesis may aid Sirt1 activity. Although resveratrol has poor pharmacokinetics, it can bind to Sirt1 and activate it allosterically-as can so-called sirtuin-activating compound drugs. Since oxidative stress can reduce Sirt1 activity in multiple ways, effective antioxidant supplementation that blunts such stress may also help preserve Sirt1 activity in some circumstances. Combination nutraceutical regimens providing physiologically meaningful doses of several of these agents, capable of activating Sirt1 in complementary ways, may have considerable potential for health promotion. Such measures may also amplify the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in non-diabetic disorders, as these benefits appear to reflect upregulation of Sirt1 and AMP-activated protein kinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, Encinitas, California, USA
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Yang Y, Xia Z, Xu C, Zhai C, Yu X, Li S. Ciprofol attenuates the isoproterenol-induced oxidative damage, inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1037151. [PMID: 36483733 PMCID: PMC9723392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Ciprofol (HSK3486), a novel 2,6-disubstituted phenol derivative, is a new intravenous anesthetic compound with a similar chemical structure to propofol. Animal studies have also shown that propofol plays a protective role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and takotsubo syndrome. However, whether ciprofol exerts cardioprotective effects on myocardial infarction remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this work was to explore the potential cardioprotective mechanism of ciprofol on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. Experimental Approach: In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days to induce experimental myocardial infarction. Herein, we found that ciprofol could inhibit the abnormal increase in myocardial injury enzymes, the area of myocardial infarction and cardiac dysfunction in ISO-treated mice. Ciprofol administration increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced the levels of NADPH oxidase and malondialdehyde in ISO-treated hearts. Additionally, ciprofol administration markedly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In an in vitro model, the results also confirmed that ciprofol could inhibit ISO-induced oxidative damage, the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, ciprofol can activate the sirtuin1 (Sirt1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and Sirt1 and Nrf2 inhibition almost abolished ciprofol-mediated cardioprotective effects. Interpretation: Ciprofol protects the heart against ISO-induced myocardial infarction by reducing cardiac oxidative stress, the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Siegel D, Harris PS, Michel CR, de Cabo R, Fritz KS, Ross D. Redox state and the sirtuin deacetylases are major factors that regulate the acetylation status of the stress protein NQO1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015642. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress induced protein NQO1 can participate in a wide range of biological pathways which are dependent upon the interaction of NQO1 with protein targets. Many of the protein-protein interactions involving NQO1 have been shown to be regulated by the pyridine nucleotide redox balance. NQO1 can modify its conformation as a result of redox changes in pyridine nucleotides and sites on the C-terminal and helix seven regions of NQO1 have been identified as potential areas that may be involved in redox-dependent protein-protein interactions. Since post-translational modifications can modify the functionality of proteins, we examined whether redox-dependent conformational changes induced in NQO1 would alter lysine acetylation. Recombinant NQO1 was incubated with and without NADH then acetylated non-enzymatically by acetic anhydride or S-acetylglutathione (Ac-GSH). NQO1 acetylation was determined by immunoblot and site-specific lysine acetylation was quantified by mass spectrometry (MS). NQO1 was readily acetylated by acetic anhydride and Ac-GSH. Interestingly, despite a large number of lysine residues (9%) in NQO1 only a small subset of lysines were acetylated and the majority of these were located in or near the functional C-terminal or helix seven regions. Reduction of NQO1 by NADH prior to acetylation resulted in almost complete protection of NQO1 from lysine acetylation as confirmed by immunoblot analysis and MS. Lysines located within the redox-active C-terminus and helix seven regions were readily acetylated when NQO1 was in an oxidized conformation but were protected from acetylation when NQO1 was in the reduced conformation. To investigate regulatory mechanisms of enzymatic deacetylation, NQO1 was acetylated by Ac-GSH then exposed to purified sirtuins (SIRT 1-3) or histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). NQO1 could be deacetylated by all sirtuin isoforms and quantitative MS analysis performed using SIRT2 revealed very robust deacetylation of NQO1, specifically at K262 and K271 in the C-terminal region. No deacetylation of NQO1 by HDAC6 was detected. These data demonstrate that the same subset of key lysine residues in the C-terminal and helix seven regions of NQO1 undergo redox dependent acetylation and are regulated by sirtuin-mediated deacetylation.
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Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4314-4338. [PMID: 36135209 PMCID: PMC9498143 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.
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Wu PY, Lai SY, Su YT, Yang KC, Chau YP, Don MJ, Lu KH, Shy HT, Lai SM, Kung HN. β-Lapachone, an NQO1 activator, alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating antioxidant ability and mitochondrial function. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154255. [PMID: 35738116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is one of the major lethal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, no specific strategy for preventing or treating DC has been identified. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-lapachone (Lap), a natural compound that increases antioxidant activity in various tissues, on DC and explore the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS As an in vivo model, C57BL/6 mice were fed with the high-fat diet (HF) for 10 weeks to induce type 2 DM. Mice were fed Lap with the HF or after 5 weeks of HF treatment to investigate the protective effects of Lap against DC. RESULTS In the two in vivo models, Lap decreased heart weight, increased heart function, reduced oxidative stress, and elevated mitochondrial content under the HF. In the in vitro model, palmitic acid (PA) was used to mimic the effects of an HF on the differentiated-cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2. The results demonstrated that Lap reduced PA-induced ROS production by increasing the expression of antioxidant regulators and enzymes, inhibiting inflammation, increasing mitochondrial activity, and thus reducing cell damage. Via the use of specific inhibitors and siRNA, the protective effects of Lap were determined to be mediated mainly by NQO1, Sirt1 and mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSION Heart damage in DM is usually caused by excessive oxidative stress. This study showed that Lap can protect the heart from DC by upregulating antioxidant ability and mitochondrial activity in cardiomyocytes. Lap has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for both the prevention and treatment of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Shin-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Yi-Ting Su
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | | | | | - Kai-Hsi Lu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital
| | - Horng-Tzer Shy
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Shu-Mei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Hsiu-Ni Kung
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University.
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San Martín A, Arce-Molina R, Aburto C, Baeza-Lehnert F, Barros LF, Contreras-Baeza Y, Pinilla A, Ruminot I, Rauseo D, Sandoval PY. Visualizing physiological parameters in cells and tissues using genetically encoded indicators for metabolites. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:34-58. [PMID: 35183660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolism is undergoing a renaissance. Since the year 2002, over 50 genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) have been introduced, capable of monitoring metabolites with high spatial/temporal resolution using fluorescence microscopy. Indicators are fusion proteins that change their fluorescence upon binding a specific metabolite. There are indicators for sugars, monocarboxylates, Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, cofactors, and energy nucleotides. They permit monitoring relative levels, concentrations, and fluxes in living systems. At a minimum they report relative levels and, in some cases, absolute concentrations may be obtained by performing ad hoc calibration protocols. Proper data collection, processing, and interpretation are critical to take full advantage of these new tools. This review offers a survey of the metabolic indicators that have been validated in mammalian systems. Minimally invasive, these indicators have been instrumental for the purposes of confirmation, rebuttal and discovery. We envision that this powerful technology will foster metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A San Martín
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile.
| | - R Arce-Molina
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Aburto
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Y Contreras-Baeza
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Pinilla
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Rauseo
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - P Y Sandoval
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
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