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Li Y, Chen Y, Liao Z, Liu Y, Liu C, Yang W, Bai J, Huang X, Hao Y, Liu S, Liu Y. WenTongGanPi decoction alleviates diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by improving intestinal barrier. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118544. [PMID: 39013542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE WenTongGanPi Decoction (WTGPD) is a representative medical practice of the Fuyang School of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which originated from the classical Lu's Guizhi method. WTGPD places emphasis on the balance and functionality of yang qi, and is effective in treating TCM symptoms related to liver qi stagnation and spleen yang deficiency. In TCM, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is often diagnosed as liver depression and spleen deficiency, and the use of WTGPD has shown significant therapeutic effect. However, the underlying mechanism of WTGPD treating IBS-D remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effect and mechanism of WTGPD in the treatment of IBS-D. MATERIALS AND METHODS An IBS-D model with liver depression and spleen deficiency was constructed by chronic immobilization stress stimulation and sennae folium aqueous gavage. The impact of WTGPD on IBS-D rats was evaluated through measurements of body weight, fecal water content, and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR). Intestinal permeability was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE), alcian blue-periodic acid schiff (AB-PAS), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The components of WTGPD were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The underlying mechanisms were investigated through network pharmacology, transcriptomics sequencing, western blot (WB), molecular docking, and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS WTGPD treatment effectively alleviated diarrhea and abnormal pain in IBS-D rats (P < 0.05). It enhanced the intestinal barrier function by improving colonic structure and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (P < 0.05). A total of 155 components were identified in WTGPD. Both network pharmacology and transcriptomics sequencing analysis highlighted MAPK as the key signaling pathway in WTGPD's anti-IBS-D effect. The WB results showed a significant decrease in p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK expression after WTGPD treatment (P < 0.0001). Guanosine, adenosine and hesperetin in WTGPD may be involved in regulating the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK. Additionally, WTGPD significantly enhanced microbial diversity and increased the production of colonic valeric acid in IBS-D rats (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that WTGPD can effectively alleviate IBS-D and improve intestinal barrier likely via inhibiting MAPK signal pathway and improving micobial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Zhengyue Liao
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Xinggui Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Yule Hao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611103, China.
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Deepika B, Gowtham P, Raghavan V, Isaac JB, Devi S, Kiran V, Mercy DJ, Sofini PSS, Harini A, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Harmony in nature's elixir: a comprehensive exploration of ethanol and nano-formulated extracts from Passiflora incarnata leaves: unveiling in vitro cytotoxicity, acute and sub-acute toxicity profiles in Swiss albino mice. J Mol Histol 2024:10.1007/s10735-024-10245-x. [PMID: 39158796 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
We analyzed the toxic effect of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora incarnata (EEP) and its nanoformulation (N-EEP) in the in vitro and in vivo models (zebrafish embryos and Swiss albino mice). The EEP composition was verified by phytochemical and GC-MS analysis. The synthesized N-EEP was characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro results showed both EEP and N-EEP have a dose-dependent effect in L132 cells (normal embryonic lung cells). In zebrafish embryos, no developmental changes were observed for both EEP and N-EEP at 200 µg/ml. The acute and sub-acute toxicity of EEP and N-EEP was identified by oral administration in Swiss albino mice. A single-day oral dose of EEP and N-EEP at different concentrations was administered for acute toxicity, and changes in body weight, food, water intake, temperature, respiration rate, skin color changes, and eye color till 72 h was observed. In a sub-acute toxicity study, 28 days oral administration of different concentrations of EEP and N-EEP was done. Hematological analysis, serum hepatic biochemical parameter analysis, and histopathological analysis for the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and heart were performed. The results indicated that lower than 600 mg/kg of EEP and N-EEP can safely be used for the remediation of a spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Deepika
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Pemula Gowtham
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Vijayashree Raghavan
- Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, India
| | - Jane Betsy Isaac
- Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, India
| | - Sobita Devi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Venkatakrishnan Kiran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Devadass Jessy Mercy
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - P S Sharon Sofini
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - A Harini
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
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Wen Y, Yan PJ, Fan PX, Lu SS, Li MY, Fu XY, Wei SB. The application of rhubarb concoctions in traditional Chinese medicine and its compounds, processing methods, pharmacology, toxicology and clinical research. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442297. [PMID: 39170703 PMCID: PMC11335691 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study reviews the development of rhubarb processing and the current status of pharmacological research. We summarized the effects of different processing methods on the active compounds, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of rhubarb, as well as the clinical application of different concoctions, providing reference for further pharmacological research and clinical application of rhubarb. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as Pubmed, Embase, National Science and Technology Library, Web of science, CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal Database, SinoMed, and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Search terms included "rhubarb", "raw rhubarb", "wine rhubarb", "cooked rhubarb", "rhubarb charcoal", "herbal processing", "compounds", "pharmacological effects", "inflammation", "gastrointestinal bleeding", and "tumor". Results Historical records of rhubarb processing date back to the Han Dynasty, with continual innovations. Currently, the types of rhubarb used in traditional Chinese medicine have stabilized to three species: Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. and Rheum officinale Baill. Common concoctions include raw rhubarb, wine rhubarb, cooked rhubarb and rhubarb charcoal. The active compounds of rhubarb are known to defecation, exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, regulate coagulation, protect the digestive system, and possess anti-tumor activities. Guided by Chinese medicine theory, the use of different rhubarb concoctions can enhance specific effects such as purgation to eliminate accumulation, clearing heat and toxins, cooling blood to stop hemorrhages, activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis, and inducing dampness to descend jaundice, thereby effectively treating various diseases. The therapeutic impact of these concoctions on diseases reflects not only in the changes to the active compounds of rhubarb but also in the formulations of traditional Chinese medicine. Processing has also shown advantages in reducing toxicity. Conclusion Different processing methods alter the active compounds of rhubarb, thereby enhancing its various pharmacological effects and meeting the therapeutic needs of diverse diseases. Selecting an appropriate processing method based on the patient's specific conditions can maximize its pharmacological properties and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Gynecology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei-Jia Yan
- Gynecology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei-Xuan Fan
- Gynecology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lu
- Gynecology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao-Ya Li
- Gynecology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Yun Fu
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shao-Bin Wei
- Gynecology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Whorwell P, Lange R, Scarpignato C. Review article: do stimulant laxatives damage the gut? A critical analysis of current knowledge. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241249664. [PMID: 38887508 PMCID: PMC11181897 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241249664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulant laxatives are well established as first- or second-line treatments for constipation and although they have a reliable therapeutic effect, alleged safety concerns still exist, particularly with long-term use. The potential harmful effects on the gastrointestinal system (including carcinogenicity) of the long-term use of diphenylmethane [bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate (SPS)] and senna stimulant laxatives were assessed in a comprehensive review of the publications identified in literature searches performed in PubMed and Embase up to and including June 2023. We identified and reviewed 43 publications of interest. While stimulant laxatives at supratherapeutic doses have been shown to cause structural alterations to surface absorptive cells in animals and humans, these effects are reversible and not considered clinically relevant. No formal long-term studies have demonstrated morphological changes in enteric neural elements or intestinal smooth muscle with bisacodyl or SPS in humans. Furthermore, there is no convincing evidence that stimulant laxatives are associated with the development of colon cancer, and in fact, chronic constipation itself has been reported to potentially increase the risk of colon cancer, therefore, the use of stimulant laxatives might reduce this risk. Many studies suggesting a possible harmful effect from laxatives were limited by their failure to consider confounding factors such as concomitant neurological disease, metabolic disorders, and age. These findings highlight the lack of evidence for the harmful effects of laxatives on the colon, and thus, the benefits of treatment with stimulant laxatives, even in the long-term, should be reconsidered for the management of patients with constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Whorwell
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | | | - Carmelo Scarpignato
- Department of Health Sciences, United Campus of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Liu Z, Liu W, Han M, Wang M, Li Y, Yao Y, Duan Y. A comprehensive review of natural product-derived compounds acting on P2X7R: The promising therapeutic drugs in disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155334. [PMID: 38554573 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is known to play a significant role in regulating various pathological processes associated with immune regulation, neuroprotection, and inflammatory responses. It has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of diseases. In addition to chemically synthesized small molecule compounds, natural products have gained attention as an important source for discovering compounds that act on the P2X7R. PURPOSE To explore the research progress made in the field of natural product-derived compounds that act on the P2X7R. METHODS The methods employed in this review involved conducting a thorough search of databases, include PubMed, Web of Science and WIKTROP, to identify studies on natural product-derived compounds that interact with P2X7R. The selected studies were then analyzed to categorize the compounds based on their action on the receptor and to evaluate their therapeutic applications, chemical properties, and pharmacological actions. RESULTS The natural product-derived compounds acting on P2X7R can be classified into three categories: P2X7R antagonists, compounds inhibiting P2X7R expression, and compounds regulating the signaling pathway associated with P2X7R. Moreover, highlight the therapeutic applications, chemical properties and pharmacological actions of these compounds, and indicate areas that require further in-depth study. Finally, discuss the challenges of the natural products-derived compounds exploration, although utilizing compounds from natural products for new drug research offers unique advantages, problems related to solubility, content, and extraction processes still exist. CONCLUSION The detailed information in this review will facilitate further development of P2X7R antagonists and potential therapeutic strategies for P2X7R-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Liu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Wenjin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengyao Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Yinchao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yongfang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Pingyuan Laboratory (Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China; Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
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Motil KJ, Beisang A, Smith-Hicks C, Lembo A, Standridge SM, Liu E. Recommendations for the management of gastrointestinal comorbidities with or without trofinetide use in Rett syndrome. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:227-237. [PMID: 38869952 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2368014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities are experienced by over 90% of individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with mutations in the MECP2 gene, many neurologists and pediatricians do not rank the management of these comorbidities among the most important treatment goals for RTT. Trofinetide, the first approved pharmacologic treatment for RTT, confers improvements in RTT symptoms but is associated with adverse GI events, primarily diarrhea and vomiting. Treatment strategies for GI comorbidities and drug-associated symptoms in RTT represent an unmet clinical need. AREAS COVERED This perspective covers GI comorbidities experienced by those with RTT, either with or without trofinetide treatment. PubMed literature searches were undertaken on treatment recommendations for the following conditions: constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, aspiration, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea, gastroparesis, gastritis, and abdominal bloating. EXPERT OPINION The authors recommend a proactive approach to management of symptomatic GI comorbidities and drug-associated symptoms in RTT to enhance drug tolerance and improve the quality of life of affected individuals. Management strategies for common GI comorbidities associated with RTT are reviewed based on authors' clinical experience and augmented by recommendations from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Motil
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arthur Beisang
- Department of Pediatrics, Gillette Children's Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Constance Smith-Hicks
- Center for Synaptic Disorders, Rett and Related Disorders Clinic, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Lembo
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shannon M Standridge
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edwin Liu
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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Au TTD, Ho YL, Chang YS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for quality control of rhubarb in Taiwan's markets. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364460. [PMID: 38746013 PMCID: PMC11091417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to release heat and has cathartic effects. Official rhubarb in Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopeias 4th edition (THP 4th) and China Pharmacopeia 2020 (CP 2020) are the roots and rhizomes of Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf., and Rheum officinale Baill. However, the Rheum genus is a large genus with many different species, and owing to the similarity in appearance and taste with official rhubarb, there needs to be more clarity in the distinction between the species of rhubarb and their applications. Given the time-consuming and complicated extraction and chromatography methods outlined in pharmacopeias, we improved the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis methods for rhubarb in the market. Hence, we applied our method to identify the species and quality of official and unofficial rhubarb. Method: We analyzed 21 rhubarb samples from the Taiwanese market using a proposed HPLC-based extraction and qualitative analysis employing eight markers: aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, rhapontigenin, rhaponticin, and resveratrol. Additionally, we developed a TLC method for the analysis of rhubarb. KEGG pathway analysis was used to clarify the phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of official and unofficial rhubarb. Results: Rhein and rhapontigenin emerged as key markers to differentiate official and unofficial rhubarb. Rhapontigenin is abundant in unofficial rhubarb; however, rhein content was low. In contrast, their contents in official rhubarb were opposite to their contents in unofficial rhubarb. The TLC analysis used rhein and rhapontigenin to identify rhubarb in Taiwan's markets, whereas the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that anthraquinones and stilbenes affected different pathways. Discussion: Eight reference standards were used in this study to propose a quality control method for rhubarb in Taiwanese markets. We propose a rapid extraction method and quantitative analysis of rhubarb to differentiate between official and unofficial rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Thuy-Dung Au
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Quitadamo P, Tambucci R, Mancini V, Campanozzi A, Caldaro T, Giorgio V, Pensabene L, Isoldi S, Mallardo S, Fusaro F, Staiano A, Salvatore S, Borrelli O. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to children with chronic refractory constipation: Consensus report by the SIGENP motility working group. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:406-420. [PMID: 38104028 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is a common problem in children, accounting for about 3% of all primary care visits and up to 25% of referrals to paediatric gastroenterologists. Although polyethylene glycol often proves effective, most children require prolonged treatment and about 50% of them have at least one relapse within the first 5 years after initial recovery. When conventional treatment fails, children are considered to have refractory constipation. Children with refractory constipation deserve specialist management and guidance. Over the last decades, there has been a remarkable increase in our knowledge of normal and abnormal colonic and anorectal motility in children, and a number of different techniques to measure transit and motility have been developed. The present review analyses the possible diagnostic investigations for children with refractory constipation, focusing on their actual indications and their utility in clinical practice. Moreover, we have also analytically reviewed medical and surgical therapeutic options, which should be considered in selected patients in order to achieve the best clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Quitadamo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Epatology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - Renato Tambucci
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mancini
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, San Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia
| | - Tamara Caldaro
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- UOC Pediatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Isoldi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Epatology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Maternal and Child Health Department, Sapienza - University of Rome, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Saverio Mallardo
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Sapienza - University of Rome, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Newborn Surgery Unit, Digestive and Endoscopic Surgery, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Intestinal Failure Rehabilitation Research Group, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Pediatric Department, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Qiao S, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Su Y. Sennoside A induces autophagic death of prostate cancer via inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:645-654. [PMID: 37740843 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in male reproductive system. Sennoside A (SA) is an anthraquinone active ingredient extracted from Rheum officinale Baill., which exerts anti-tumor activity on different tumors. In the present study, the toxicity of SA on PC3 and DU 145 cells was detected via CCK-8. The effects of SA on growth, apoptosis, and autophagy were determined through CCK-8, Hoechst stain, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence examinations. An in vivo experiment was performed in xenografted mice with intraperitoneal introduction of 10 mg/kg SA and validated via TUNEL, immunohistochemistry and western blot. The results showed that SA inhibited the cell viability with a IC50 value of 52.36 and 67.48 µM in DU 145 and PC3 cells respectively, and enhanced the apoptosis of PC3 and DU 145 cells. Additionally, SA elevated the relative LC3B expression, and the relative protein expression of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin-1, but diminished the P62 protein expression. The relative protein level of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR was reduced with SA treatment, which was verified by the 740 Y-P application. The 740 Y-P treatments also restored the SA-induced the cell viability, apoptosis rate and relative LC3B expression. Meanwhile, SA inhibited the growth of PC cell and the relative protein level of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in vivo. Taken together, SA regulated the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy via inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Qiao
- Department of Urology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Wuhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yansheng Su
- Department of Urology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
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Zhang DW, Xu XS, Zhou R, Fu Z. Modulation of HIV-1 capsid multimerization by sennoside A and sennoside B via interaction with the NTD/CTD interface in capsid hexamer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270258. [PMID: 37817748 PMCID: PMC10561090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that bind to the pocket targeted by a peptide, termed capsid assembly inhibitor (CAI), have shown antiviral effects with unique mechanisms of action. We report the discovery of two natural compounds, sennoside A (SA) and sennoside B (SB), derived from medicinal plants that bind to this pocket in the C-terminal domain of capsid (CA CTD). Both SA and SB were identified via a drug-screening campaign that utilized a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. They inhibited the HIV-1 CA CTD/CAI interaction at sub-micromolar concentrations of 0.18 μM and 0.08 μM, respectively. Mutation of key residues (including Tyr 169, Leu 211, Asn 183, and Glu 187) in the CA CTD decreased their binding affinity to the CA monomer, from 1.35-fold to 4.17-fold. Furthermore, both compounds induced CA assembly in vitro and bound directly to the CA hexamer, suggesting that they interact with CA beyond the CA CTD. Molecular docking showed that both compounds were bound to the N-terminal domain (NTD)/CTD interface between adjacent protomers within the CA hexamer. SA established a hydrogen-bonding network with residues N57, V59, Q63, K70, and N74 of CA1-NTD and Q179 of CA2-CTD. SB formed hydrogen bonds with the N53, N70, and N74 residues of CA1-NTD, and the A177and Q179 residues of CA2-CTD. Both compounds, acting as glue, can bring αH4 in the NTD and αH9 in the CTD of the NTD/CTD interface close to each other. Collectively, our research indicates that SA and SB, which enhance CA assembly, could serve as novel chemical tools to identify agents that modulate HIV-1 CA assembly. These natural compounds may potentially lead to the development of new antiviral therapies with unique mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
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Naruhashi K, Amaike N, Shiraishi K, Sato S, Uryuzu C, Saito Y, Tsue N. Comparison of the conventional and immersing powdered crude drugs (IPCD) methods for color and extraction of quantitative indicator ingredients in the Kampo formula decoction of daiokanzoto. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 37391798 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-023-00289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The immersing powdered crude drugs (IPCD) method is a quick and simple method for preparing decoctions. Here, the conventional and IPCD methods were compared for the color and extraction of quantitative indicator ingredients in the daiokanzoto decoction solution, and the suitability of the IPCD method was assessed. METHODS The color of decoction solutions was visually observed, and the Commission Internationale de L'éclairage (CIE) L*a*b*color parameters were measured using conventional and IPCD methods. The extracted amounts of sennoside A and glycyrrhizic acid, which are quantitative indicator ingredients of rhubarb and glycyrrhiza, respectively, were quantified. RESULTS Using both methods, the decoction solution colors were strong for rhubarb alone and daiokanzoto but weak for glycyrrhiza alone. The color change of daiokanzoto was thought to be primarily caused by rhubarb alone. The L*a*b* values of the decoction solution determined by the IPCD method were comparable to those determined by the conventional method (60 min). Using the conventional method, sennoside A and glycyrrhizic acid were mostly extracted in 10 and 30 min, respectively. Using the IPCD method, both sennoside A and glycyrrhizic acid were fully extracted in 2 min. The IPCD method yielded significantly more sennoside A and glycyrrhizic acid (2 times and 1.5 times, respectively) than the conventional method (60 min). CONCLUSION The IPCD method was found to be comparable to the conventional method in terms of the color, and using IPCD method, the same or greater amounts of quantitative indicator ingredients of crude drugs in the decoction of daiokanzoto compared to the conventional method. It was suggested that there are limitations to assessing the equivalence of decoctions from decoction color. The IPCD method may be a useful method although it is prudent to use the IPCD method for Kampo formula decoction in clinical practice with a certain degree of caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Naruhashi
- Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo Kyotonabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Amaike
- Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo Kyotonabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Karen Shiraishi
- Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo Kyotonabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Sumire Sato
- Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo Kyotonabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Chiho Uryuzu
- Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo Kyotonabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yui Saito
- Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo Kyotonabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Narumi Tsue
- Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo Kyotonabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
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Zhao Z, Zuo X, Han C, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li W. A novel purgative mechanism of multiflorin A involves changing intestinal glucose absorption and permeability. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154805. [PMID: 37054485 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiflorin A (MA) is a potential active ingredient of traditional herbal laxative, Pruni semen, with unusual purgative activity and an unclear mechanism, and inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption is a promising mechanism of novel laxatives. However, this mechanism still lacks support and a description of basic research. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the main contribution of MA to the purgative activity of Pruni semen and elucidate the effect intensity, characteristics, site, and mechanism of MA in mice, and determine the novel mechanism of traditional herbal laxatives from the perspective of intestinal glucose absorption. METHODS We induced diarrhoea in mice by administering Pruni semen and MA, and the defecation behaviour, glucose tolerance, and intestinal metabolism were analysed. The effects of MA and its metabolite on peristalsis of the intestinal smooth muscle were evaluated using an intestinal motility assay in vitro. Intestinal tight junction proteins, aquaporins, and glucose transporters expression were analysed using immunofluorescence; gut microbiota and faecal metabolites were analysed using 16S rRNA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS MA administration (20 mg/kg) induced watery diarrhoea in over half of the experimental mice. The activity of MA in lowering peak postprandial glucose levels was synchronous with purgative action, with the acetyl group being the active moiety. MA was metabolised primarily in the small intestine, where it decreased sodium-glucose cotransporter-1, occludin, and claudin1 expression, then inhibited glucose absorption, resulting in a hyperosmotic environment. MA also increased the aquaporin3 expression to promote water secretion. Unabsorbed glucose reshapes the gut microbiota and their metabolism in the large intestine and the increasing gas and organic acid promoted defecation. After recovery, the intestinal permeability and glucose absorption function returned, and the abundance of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium increased. CONCLUSION The purgative mechanism of MA involves inhibiting glucose absorption, altering permeability and water channels to promote water secretion in the small intestine, and regulating gut microbiota metabolism in the large intestine. This study is the first systematic experimental study on the purgative effect of MA. Our findings provide new insight into the study of novel purgative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xuli Zuo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chao Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jinjiang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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13
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Li X, Wang X, Huang B, Huang R. Sennoside A restrains TRAF6 level to modulate ferroptosis, inflammation and cognitive impairment in aging mice with Alzheimer's Disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110290. [PMID: 37216800 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and a momentous cause of dementia in the elderly. Sennoside A (SA) is an anthraquinone compound and possesses decisive protective functions in various human diseases. The purpose of this research was to elucidate the protective effect of SA against AD and investigate its mechanism. METHODS Male APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice with a C57BL/6J background were chosen as AD model. Age-matched nontransgenic littermates (C57BL/6 mice) were negative controls. SA's functions in AD in vivo were estimated by cognitive function analysis, Western blot, hematoxylin-eosin staining, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining, detection of Fe2+ levels, glutathione and malondialdehyde contents, and quantitative real-time PCR. Also, SA's functions in AD in LPS-induced BV2 cells were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and analysis of reactive oxygen species levels. Meanwhile, SA's mechanisms in AD were assessed by several molecular experiments. RESULTS Functionally, SA mitigated cognitive function, hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in AD mice. Furthermore, SA reduced BV2 cell apoptosis, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation induced by LPS. Rescue assay revealed that SA abolished the high expressions of TRAF6 and p-P65 (NF-κB pathway-related proteins) induced by AD, and this impact was reversed after TRAF6 overexpression. Conversely, this impact was further enhanced after TRAF6 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS SA relieved ferroptosis, inflammation and cognitive impairment in aging mice with AD through decreasing TRAF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, 610072, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, 610072, China
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14
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Zibaee E, Akaberi M, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Nesměrák K, Štícha M, Shahraki N, Javadi B, Emami SA. Comparative LC-ESIMS-Based Metabolite Profiling of Senna italica with Senna alexandrina and Evaluating Their Hepatotoxicity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040559. [PMID: 37110216 PMCID: PMC10147022 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Senna Mill. (Fabaceae) is an important medicinal plant distributed worldwide. Senna alexandrina (S. alexandrina), the officinal species of the genus, is one of the most well-known herbal medicines traditionally used to treat constipation and digestive diseases. Senna italica (S. italica), another species of the genus, is native to an area ranging from Africa to the Indian subcontinent, including Iran. In Iran, this plant has been used traditionally as a laxative. However, very little phytochemical information and pharmacological reports investigating its safety of use are available. In the current study, we compared LC-ESIMS metabolite profiles of the methanol extract of S. italica with that of S. alexandrina and measured the content of sennosides A and B as the biomarkers in this genus. By this, we were able to examine the feasibility of using S. italica as a laxative agent like S. alexandrina. In addition, the hepatotoxicity of both species was evaluated against HepG2 cancer cell lines using HPLC-based activity profiling to localize the hepatotoxic components and evaluate their safety of use. Interestingly, the results showed that the phytochemical profiles of the plants were similar but with some differences, particularly in their relative contents. Glycosylated flavonoids, anthraquinones, dianthrones, benzochromenones, and benzophenones constituted the main components in both species. Nevertheless, some differences, particularly in the relative amount of some compounds, were observed. According to the LC-MS results, the amounts of sennoside A in S. alexandrina and S. italica were 1.85 ± 0.095% and 1.00 ± 0.38%, respectively. Moreover, the amounts of sennoside B in S. alexandrina and S. italica were 0.41 ± 0.12 % and 0.32 ± 0.17%, respectively. Furthermore, although both extracts showed significant hepatotoxicity at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL, they were almost non-toxic at lower concentrations. Taken together, according to the results, the metabolite profiles of S. italica and S. alexandrina showed many compounds in common. However, further phytochemical, pharmacological, and clinical studies are necessary to examine the efficacy and safety of S. italica as a laxative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Zibaee
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Karel Nesměrák
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štícha
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Section of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Naghmeh Shahraki
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
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15
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Makhumbila P, Rauwane ME, Muedi HH, Madala NE, Figlan S. Metabolome profile variations in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) resistant and susceptible genotypes incited by rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). Front Genet 2023; 14:1141201. [PMID: 37007949 PMCID: PMC10060544 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1141201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal agent of rust, Uromyces appendiculatus is a major constraint for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production. This pathogen causes substantial yield losses in many common bean production areas worldwide. U. appendiculatus is widely distributed and although there have been numerous breakthroughs in breeding for resistance, its ability to mutate and evolve still poses a major threat to common bean production. An understanding of plant phytochemical properties can aid in accelerating breeding for rust resistance. In this study, metabolome profiles of two common bean genotypes Teebus-RR-1 (resistant) and Golden Gate Wax (susceptible) were investigated for their response to U. appendiculatus races (1 and 3) at 14- and 21-days post-infection (dpi) using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS). Non-targeted data analysis revealed 71 known metabolites that were putatively annotated, and a total of 33 were statistically significant. Key metabolites including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and lipids were found to be incited by rust infections in both genotypes. Resistant genotype as compared to the susceptible genotype differentially enriched metabolites including aconifine, D-sucrose, galangin, rutarin and others as a defence mechanism against the rust pathogen. The results suggest that timely response to pathogen attack by signalling the production of specific metabolites can be used as a strategy to understand plant defence. This is the first study to illustrate the utilization of metabolomics to understand the interaction of common bean with rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Makhumbila
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Penny Makhumbila,
| | - Molemi E. Rauwane
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Hangwani H. Muedi
- Research Support Services, North-West Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
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16
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Mund NK, Čellárová E. Recent advances in the identification of biosynthetic genes and gene clusters of the polyketide-derived pathways for anthraquinone biosynthesis and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108104. [PMID: 36716800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural anthraquinones are represented by a large group of compounds. Some of them are widespread across the kingdoms, especially in bacteria, fungi and plants, while the others are restricted to certain groups of organisms. Despite the significant pharmacological potential of several anthraquinones (hypericin, skyrin and emodin), their biosynthetic pathways and candidate genes coding for key enzymes have not been experimentally validated. Understanding the genetic and epigenetic regulation of the anthraquinone biosynthetic gene clusters in fungal endophytes would help not only understand their pathways in plants, which ensure their commercial availability, but also favor them as promising systems for prospective biotechnological production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar Mund
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, Mánesova 23, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, Mánesova 23, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
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17
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Ahmed SI, Jamil S, Ismatullah H, Hussain R, Bibi S, Khandaker MU, Naveed A, Idris AM, Emran TB. A comprehensive perspective of traditional Arabic or Islamic medicinal plants as an adjuvant therapy against COVID-19. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103561. [PMID: 36684115 PMCID: PMC9838045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pulmonary disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. More than 200 million individuals are infected by this globally. Pyrexia, coughing, shortness of breath, headaches, diarrhoea, sore throats, and body aches are among the typical symptoms of COVID-19. The virus enters into the host body by interacting with the ACE2 receptor. Despite many SARS-CoV-2 vaccines manufactured by distinct strategies but any evidence-based particular medication to combat COVID-19 is not available yet. However, further research is required to determine the safety and effectiveness profile of the present therapeutic approaches. In this study, we provide a summary of Traditional Arabic or Islamic medicinal (TAIM) plants' historical use and their present role as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19. Herein, six medicinal plants Aloe barbadensis Miller, Olea europaea, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Nigella sativa, Cassia angustifolia, and Ficus carica have been studied based upon their pharmacological activities against viral infections. These plants include phytochemicals that have antiviral, immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, and antitussive properties. These bioactive substances could be employed to control symptoms and enhance the development of a possible COVID-19 medicinal synthesis. To determine whether or if these TAIMs may be used as adjuvant therapy and are appropriate, a detailed evaluation is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabina Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan,The Standard College for Girls, 3/530 Paris Road, Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Jamil
- The Standard College for Girls, 3/530 Paris Road, Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ismatullah
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aisha Naveed
- Caribbean Medical University, Willemastad, Curacao-Caribbean Island, Curaçao
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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Nguyen TK, Phung HH, Choi WJ, Ahn HC. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study on the Multi-Target Mechanisms of Aloe vera for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3585. [PMID: 36559697 PMCID: PMC9783676 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease with limited treatment options. The widely distributed plant Aloe vera has shown protective effects against NASH in animals, yet the precise mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-NASH effects of Aloe vera using a network pharmacology and molecular docking approach. By searching online databases and analyzing the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset, we obtained 260 Aloe vera-NASH common targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that the common targets were strongly associated with the key pathological processes implicated in NASH, including lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and liver fibrosis. Four core proteins, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transcription factor c-Jun, and tumor suppressor protein p53, were identified from compound-target-pathway and protein-protein interaction networks. Molecular docking analysis verified that the active ingredients of Aloe vera were able to interact with the core proteins, especially AKT1 and TNFα. The results demonstrate the multi-compound, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms of Aloe vera against NASH. Our study has shown the scientific basis for further experiments in terms of the mechanism to develop Aloe vera-based natural products as complementary treatments for NASH. Furthermore, it identifies novel drug candidates based on the structures of Aloe vera's active compounds.
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Han X, Nan M, Cai X, Qiao B, Chen L, Shen L. Sennoside A inhibits quorum sensing system to attenuate its regulated virulence and pathogenicity via targeting LasR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042214. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen, and the emergence of drug resistance greatly increased the difficulty of treating its infection. Cell density-dependent quorum sensing (QS) system not only regulates the virulence but also associates with the drug resistance of P. aeruginosa. Screening for agents targeting QS to inhibit bacterial virulence and pathogenicity is considered a promising strategy to combat P. aeruginosa infection. In the present study, sennoside A was found to be able to inhibit the QS expression of P. aeruginosa at subinhibitory concentrations. The QS-regulated virulence factors, including protease, elastase, rhamnolipid, and pyocyanin, were also inhibited by sennoside A at both transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, sennoside A could suppress the motility of twitching, swimming, and swarming as well as the biofilm formation, which is associated with the acute and chronic infections of P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner. The attenuated pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa by sennoside A was further verified by Chinese cabbage, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans infection analysis. Further study found that sennoside A might target the las system, mainly LasR, to interfere with QS. All the results indicate that sennoside A could inhibit the QS system to attenuate its regulated virulence and pathogenicity via mainly targeting LasR in P. aeruginosa and further research to identify its anti-QS activity for other Gram-negative bacteria is warranted.
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20
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Rao J, Peng T, Li N, Wang Y, Yan C, Wang K, Qiu F. Nephrotoxicity induced by natural compounds from herbal medicines - a challenge for clinical application. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:757-778. [PMID: 36815678 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2168178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have long been considered safe and effective without serious toxic and side effects. With the continuous use of HMs, more and more attention has been paid to adverse reactions and toxic events, especially the nephrotoxicity caused by natural compounds in HMs. The composition of HMs is complex and various, especially the mechanism of toxic components has been a difficult and hot topic. This review comprehensively summarizes the kidney toxicity characterization and mechanism of nephrotoxic natural compounds (organic acids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cytotoxic proteins, and minerals) from different sources. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of HMs-induced kidney injury were provided. In vitro and in vivo models for evaluating nephrotoxicity and the latest biomarkers are also included in this investigation. More broadly, this review may provide theoretical basis for safety evaluation and further comprehensive development and utilization of HMs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ting Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Caiqin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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