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Dachani S, Kaleem M, Mujtaba MA, Mahajan N, Ali SA, Almutairy AF, Mahmood D, Anwer MK, Ali MD, Kumar S. A Comprehensive Review of Various Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Skin Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10030-10048. [PMID: 38463249 PMCID: PMC10918819 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancer (SC) poses a global threat to the healthcare system and is expected to increase significantly over the next two decades if not diagnosed at an early stage. Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment, as the disease becomes more challenging to cure as it progresses. However, identifying new drugs, achieving clinical success, and overcoming drug resistance remain significant challenges. To overcome these obstacles and provide effective treatment, it is crucial to understand the causes of skin cancer, how cells grow and divide, factors that affect cell growth, and how drug resistance occurs. In this review, we have explained various therapeutic approaches for SC treatment via ligands, targeted photosensitizers, natural and synthetic drugs for the treatment of SC, an epigenetic approach for management of melanoma, photodynamic therapy, and targeted therapy for BRAF-mutated melanoma. This article also provides a detailed summary of the various natural drugs that are effective in managing melanoma and reducing the occurrence of skin cancer at early stages and focuses on the current status and future prospects of various therapies available for the management of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharshan
Reddy Dachani
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Kaleem
- Department
of Pharmacology, Babasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India
| | - Md. Ali Mujtaba
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern
Border University, Arar 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nilesh Mahajan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dabasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayyed A. Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dabasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ali F Almutairy
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Mahmood
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Daud Ali
- Department
of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for
Medical Sciences, Abdulrazaq Bin Hammam Street, Al Safa 34222, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
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2
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Romero-Miguel D, Casquero-Veiga M, Lamanna-Rama N, Torres-Sánchez S, MacDowell KS, García-Partida JA, Santa-Marta C, Berrocoso E, Leza JC, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. N-acetylcysteine during critical neurodevelopmental periods prevents behavioral and neurochemical deficits in the Poly I:C rat model of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:14. [PMID: 38191622 PMCID: PMC10774365 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder with an inflammatory/prooxidant component. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been evaluated in schizophrenia as an adjuvant to antipsychotics, but its role as a preventive strategy has not been sufficiently explored. We aimed to evaluate the potential of NAC administration in two-time windows before the onset of symptoms in a schizophrenia-like maternal immune stimulation (MIS) rat model. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with Poly I:C or Saline on gestational day (GD) 15. Three different preventive approaches were evaluated: 1) NAC treatment during periadolescence in the offspring (from postnatal day [PND] 35 to 49); 2) NAC treatment during pregnancy after MIS challenge until delivery (GD15-21); and 3) NAC treatment throughout all pregnancy (GD1-21). At postnatal day (PND) 70, prepulse inhibition (PPI) and anxiety levels were evaluated. In vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was acquired on PND100 to assess structural changes in gray and white matter, and brain metabolite concentrations. Additionally, inflammation and oxidative stress (IOS) markers were measured ex vivo in selected brain regions. MIS offspring showed behavioral, neuroanatomical, and biochemical alterations. Interestingly, NAC treatment during periadolescence prevented PPI deficits and partially counteracted some biochemical imbalances. Moreover, NAC treatments during pregnancy not only replicated the beneficial outcomes reported by the treatment in periadolescence, but also prevented some neuroanatomical deficits, including reductions in hippocampal and corpus callosum volumes. This study suggests that early reduction of inflammation and prooxidation could help prevent the onset of schizophrenia-like symptoms, supporting the importance of anti-IOS compounds in ameliorating this disorder.
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Grants
- MLS was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (project number PI17/01766, and grant number BA21/00030), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), “A way to make Europe”; project PID2021-128862OB-I00 funded by MCIN /AEI /10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER, UE, CIBER de Salud Mental - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (project number CB07/09/0031); Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (project number 2017/085, 2022/008917); and Fundación Alicia Koplowitz.
- DRM was supported by Consejería de Educación e investigación, Comunidad de Madrid, co-funded by the European Social Fund “Investing in your future” (grant, PEJD-2018-PRE/BMD-7899).
- MCV was supported by a predoctoral grant from Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno.
- NLR was supported by the Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, “Programa Intramural de Impulso a la I+D+I 2019”.
- EBD, JAG-P and ST-S work was supported by the “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (FEDER)-UE “A way to build Europe” from the “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad” (RTI2018-099778-B-I00); from the “Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social” (2019I041); from the “Ministerio de Salud-Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (PI18/01691); from the “Programa Operativo de Andalucía FEDER, Iniciativa Territorial Integrada ITI 2014-2020 Consejería Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía” (PI-0080-2017, PI-0009-2017), "Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía" (PI-0134-2018 and PEMP-0008-2020); from the "Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía" (P20_00958 and CTS-510); from the CEIMAR (CEIJ-003); from the “Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz-INiBICA” (LI19/06IN-CO22; IN-C09); from the “CIBERSAM”: CIBER-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red- (CB07/09/0033), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 955684.
- JCL was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO-EU-FEDER (SAF2016-75500-R) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-109033RB-I00).
- MD work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PT20/00044). The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romero-Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid), 28911, Spain
| | - Marta Casquero-Veiga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Population Studies, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid), 28911, Spain
| | - Sonia Torres-Sánchez
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, 11003, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, 11009, Spain
| | - Karina S MacDowell
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - José A García-Partida
- Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, 11003, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, 11009, Spain
| | | | - Esther Berrocoso
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, 11003, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, 11009, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain.
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid), 28911, Spain.
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain.
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Grupo de Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (NeuGut), Alcorcón (Madrid), 28922, Spain.
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3
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Lamanna-Rama N, Romero-Miguel D, Casquero-Veiga M, MacDowell KS, Santa-Marta C, Torres-Sánchez S, Berrocoso E, Leza JC, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. THC improves behavioural schizophrenia-like deficits that CBD fails to overcome: a comprehensive multilevel approach using the Poly I:C maternal immune activation. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115643. [PMID: 38064909 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal infections and cannabis use during adolescence are well-recognized risk factors for schizophrenia. As inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) contribute to this disorder, anti-inflammatory drugs have been proposed as potential therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and schizophrenia-like abnormalities in a maternal immune activation (MIA) model. Additionally, we assessed the preventive effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic/anti-inflammatory cannabinoid. THC and/or CBD were administered to Saline- and MIA-offspring during periadolescence. At adulthood, THC-exposed MIA-offspring showed significant improvements in sensorimotor gating deficits. Structural and metabolic brain changes were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, revealing cortical shrinkage in Saline- and enlargement in MIA-offspring after THC-exposure. Additionally, MIA-offspring displayed enlarged ventricles and decreased hippocampus, which were partially reverted by both cannabinoids. CBD prevented THC-induced reduction in the corpus callosum, despite affecting white matter structure. Post-mortem studies revealed detrimental effects of THC, including increased inflammation and oxidative stress. CBD partially reverted these pro-inflammatory alterations and modulated THC's effects on the endocannabinoid system. In conclusion, contrary to expectations, THC exhibited greater behavioural and morphometric benefits, despite promoting a pro-inflammatory state that CBD partially reverted. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the observed benefits of THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid) 28911, Spain
| | | | | | - Karina S MacDowell
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, 28040 - Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Torres-Sánchez
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, 28040 - Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid) 28911, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), URJC, Alcorcón, Spain.
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4
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Taskiran SY, Taskiran M, Unal G, Golgeli A. Group I mGluRs positive allosteric modulators improved schizophrenia-related behavioral and molecular deficits in the Poly I:C rat model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023:173593. [PMID: 37390974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Maternal polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) exposure leads to an increase in various proinflammatory cytokines and causes schizophrenia-like symptoms in offspring. In recent years, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have emerged as a potential target in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to investigate the behavioral and molecular changes by using the mGlu1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agent RO 67-7476, and the negative allosteric modulator (NAM) agent JNJ 16259685 and the mGlu5 receptor PAM agent VU-29, and NAM agent fenobam in the Poly I:C-induced schizophrenia model in rats. METHODS Female Wistar albino rats were treated with Poly I:C on day 14 of gestation after mating. On the postnatal day (PND) 35, 56 and 84, behavioral tests were performed in the male offspring. On the PND84, brain tissue was collected and the level of proinflammatory cytokines was determined by ELISA method. RESULTS Poly I:C caused impairments in all behavioral tests and increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. While PAM agents caused significant improvements in prepulse inhibition (PPI), novel object recognition (NOR), spontaneous alternation and reference memory tests, they brought the levels of proinflammatory cytokines closer to the control group. NAM agents were ineffective on behavioral tests. It was observed that PAM agents significantly improved Poly I:C-induced disruption in behavioral and molecular analyses. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PAM agents, particularly the mGlu5 receptor VU-29, are also promising and could be a potential target in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Taskiran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Unal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Asuman Golgeli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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5
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Romero-Miguel D, Casquero-Veiga M, Fernández J, Lamanna-Rama N, Gómez-Rangel V, Gálvez-Robleño C, Santa-Marta C, Villar CJ, Lombó F, Abalo R, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. Maternal Supplementation with N-Acetylcysteine Modulates the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Offspring of the Poly I:C Rat Model of Schizophrenia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040970. [PMID: 37107344 PMCID: PMC10136134 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a complex interconnected system altered in schizophrenia. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy to antipsychotics in clinical trials, but its role in the microbiota-gut-brain axis has not been sufficiently explored. We aimed to describe the effect of NAC administration during pregnancy on the gut-brain axis in the offspring from the maternal immune stimulation (MIS) animal model of schizophrenia. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with PolyI:C/Saline. Six groups of animals were studied according to the study factors: phenotype (Saline, MIS) and treatment (no NAC, NAC 7 days, NAC 21 days). Offspring were subjected to the novel object recognition test and were scanned using MRI. Caecum contents were used for metagenomics 16S rRNA sequencing. NAC treatment prevented hippocampal volume reduction and long-term memory deficits in MIS-offspring. In addition, MIS-animals showed lower bacterial richness, which was prevented by NAC. Moreover, NAC7/NAC21 treatments resulted in a reduction of proinflammatory taxons in MIS-animals and an increase in taxa known to produce anti-inflammatory metabolites. Early approaches, like this one, with anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative compounds, especially in neurodevelopmental disorders with an inflammatory/oxidative basis, may be useful in modulating bacterial microbiota, hippocampal size, as well as hippocampal-based memory impairments.
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Grants
- project number PI17/01766, and grant number BA21/00030 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), "A way to make Europe"
- project PID2021-128862OB-I00 MCIN /AEI /10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER, UE
- project number CB07/09/0031 CIBER de Salud Mental - Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- project numbers 2017/085, 2022/008917 Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas
- 2016/01 Fundación Alicia Koplowitz
- grant, PEJD-2018-PRE/BMD-7899 Consejería de Educación e investigación, Comunidad de Madrid, co-funded by the European Social Fund "Investing in your future"
- "Programa Intramural de Impulso a la I+D+I 2019" Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
- PT20/00044 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- x The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505)
- Contrato Intramural Postdoctoral FINBA
- SV-PA-21-AYUD/2021/51347 Ayudas para grupos de investigación de organismos del Principado de Asturias
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Gálvez-Robleño
- Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut-URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Cristina Santa-Marta
- Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Grupo de Investigación "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Grupo de Investigación "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut-URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Grupo de Trabajo de Ciencias Básicas en Dolor y Analgesia, Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Trabajo de Cannabinoides, Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Medica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación de Alto Rendimiento en Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo (NeuGut-URJC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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