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Newsom SA, Robinson MM. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms in skeletal muscle of interaction between exercise and frontline antihyperglycemic drugs. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16093. [PMID: 38845596 PMCID: PMC11157199 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise and antihyperglycemic drugs are front-line treatments for type-2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Leading drugs are metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. Each class has strong individual efficacy to treat hyperglycemia, yet the combination with exercise can yield varied results, some of which include blunting of expected metabolic benefits. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance contributes to the development of type-2 diabetes while improvements in skeletal muscle insulin signaling are among key adaptations to exercise training. The current review identifies recent advances into the mechanisms, with an emphasis on skeletal muscle, of the interaction between exercise and these common antihyperglycemic drugs. The review is written toward researchers and thus highlights specific gaps in knowledge and considerations for future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Newsom
- School of Exercise, Sport, and Health Sciences, College of HealthOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Exercise, Sport, and Health Sciences, College of HealthOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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2
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Sadeesh EM, Lahamge MS, Malik A, Ampadi AN. Differential Expression of Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial Protein Genes of ATP Synthase Across Different Tissues of Female Buffalo. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01085-x. [PMID: 38305843 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The physiological well-being of buffaloes, encompassing phenotypic traits, reproductive health, and productivity, depends on their energy status. Mitochondria, the architects of energy production, orchestrate a nuanced interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial domains. Oxidative phosphorylation complexes and associated proteins wield significant influence over metabolic functions, energy synthesis, and organelle dynamics, often linked to tissue-specific pathologies. The unexplored role of ATP synthase in buffalo tissues prompted a hypothesis: in-depth exploration of nuclear-derived mitochondrial genes, notably ATP synthase, reveals distinctive tissue-specific diversity. RNA extraction and sequencing of buffalo tissues (kidney, heart, brain, and ovary) enabled precise quantification of nuclear-derived mitochondrial protein gene expression. The analysis unveiled 24 ATP synthase transcript variants, each with unique tissue-specific patterns. Kidney, brain, and heart exhibited elevated gene expression compared to ovaries, with 10, 8, and 19 up-regulated genes, respectively. The kidney showed 3 and 12 down-regulated genes compared to the brain and heart. The heart-brain comparison highlighted ten highly expressed genes in ATP synthase functions. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed enriched functions linked to ATP synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, offering a comprehensive understanding of energy production in buffalo tissues. This analysis enhances understanding of tissue-specific gene expression, emphasizing the influence of energy demands. Revealing intricate links between mitochondrial gene expression and tissue specialization in buffaloes, it provides nuanced insights into tissue-specific expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein genes, notably ATP synthase, advancing the comprehension of buffalo tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Sadeesh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Madhuri S Lahamge
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Anuj Malik
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - A N Ampadi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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3
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Zunica ERM, Heintz EC, Dantas WS, Hebert RC, Tanksley M, Beyl RA, Mader EC, Kirwan JP, Axelrod CL, Singh P. Effects of metformin on glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A pilot randomized trial. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15948. [PMID: 38346816 PMCID: PMC10861357 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for diabetes, and standard treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) device shows inconsistent effects on glucose metabolism. Metformin is known to treat and prevent diabetes, but its effects on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function are not completely understood. Here, we evaluate the effects of metformin on glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in patients with OSA. Sixteen adults with obesity (50.9 ± 6.7 years, BMI: 36.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2 ) and moderate-to-severe OSA were provided with PAP treatment and randomized to 3 months of placebo (n = 8) or metformin (n = 8) treatment in a double-blind parallel-group design. Whole body glucose metabolism was determined by oral glucose tolerance test. A skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained to evaluate mitochondrial respiratory capacity and expression of proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism. Whole body insulin-sensitivity (Matsuda index) did not change in metformin or placebo treated groups. However, metformin treatment prevented increases in insulin release relative to placebo during follow-up. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) and insulin to glucose AUC ratio increased in placebo but remained unchanged with metformin. Furthermore, metformin treatment improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity and dynamics relative to placebo. Metformin treatment prevented the decline in whole body glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in patients with moderate to severe OSA. Patients with OSA may benefit from the addition of metformin to prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. M. Zunica
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Elizabeth C. Heintz
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Wagner S. Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - R. Caitlin Hebert
- Translational Physiology LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - MaKayla Tanksley
- Sleep and Cardiometabolic Health LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Robbie A. Beyl
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Edward C. Mader
- Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Christopher L. Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Prachi Singh
- Sleep and Cardiometabolic Health LaboratoryPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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4
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Du Y, Zhu J, Guo Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Hu M, Zhang L, Yang Y, Wang J, Huang Y, Huang P, Chen M, Chen B, Yang C. Metformin adverse event profile: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2004 to 2022. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:189-201. [PMID: 38269492 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2306223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin has the potential for treating numerous diseases, but there are still many unrecognized and unreported adverse events (AEs). METHODS We selected data from the United States FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter (Q1) of 2004 to the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2022 for disproportionality analysis to assess the association between metformin and related adverse events. RESULTS In this study 10,500,295 case reports were collected from the FAERS database, of which 56,674 adverse events related to metformin were reported. A total of 643 preferred terms (PTs) and 27 system organ classes (SOCs) that were significant disproportionality conforming to the four algorithms simultaneously were included. The SOCs included metabolic and nutritional disorders (p = 0.00E + 00), gastrointestinal disorders (p = 0.00E + 00) and others. PT levels were screened for adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals such as acute pancreatitis (p = 0.00E + 00), melas syndrome, pemphigoid (p = 0.00E + 00), skin eruption (p = 0.00E + 00) and drug exposure during pregnancy (p = 0.00E + 00). CONCLUSION Most of our results were consistent with the specification, but some new signals of adverse reactions such as acute pancreatitis were not included. Therefore, further studies are needed to validate unlabeled adverse reactions and provide important support for clinical monitoring and risk identification of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikuan Du
- Central Laboratory, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhuoming Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuni Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mianda Hu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yurong Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yixing Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Peiying Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mianhai Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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5
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Tarry-Adkins JL, Robinson IG, Pantaleão LC, Armstrong JL, Thackray BD, Holzner LMW, Knapton AE, Virtue S, Jenkins B, Koulman A, Murray AJ, Ozanne SE, Aiken CE. The metabolic response of human trophoblasts derived from term placentas to metformin. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2320-2331. [PMID: 37670017 PMCID: PMC10627909 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metformin is increasingly used therapeutically during pregnancy worldwide, particularly in the treatment of gestational diabetes, which affects a substantial proportion of pregnant women globally. However, the impact on placental metabolism remains unclear. In view of the association between metformin use in pregnancy and decreased birthweight, it is essential to understand how metformin modulates the bioenergetic and anabolic functions of the placenta. METHODS A cohort of 55 placentas delivered by elective Caesarean section at term was collected from consenting participants. Trophoblasts were isolated from the placental samples and treated in vitro with clinically relevant doses of metformin (0.01 mmol/l or 0.1 mmol/l) or vehicle. Respiratory function was assayed using high-resolution respirometry to measure oxygen concentration and calculated [Formula: see text]. Glycolytic rate and glycolytic stress assays were performed using Agilent Seahorse XF assays. Fatty acid uptake and oxidation measurements were conducted using radioisotope-labelled assays. Lipidomic analysis was conducted using LC-MS. Gene expression and protein analysis were performed using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Complex I-supported oxidative phosphorylation was lower in metformin-treated trophoblasts (0.01 mmol/l metformin, 61.7% of control, p<0.05; 0.1 mmol/l metformin, 43.1% of control, p<0.001). The proton efflux rate arising from glycolysis under physiological conditions was increased following metformin treatment, up to 23±5% above control conditions following treatment with 0.1 mmol/l metformin (p<0.01). There was a significant increase in triglyceride concentrations in trophoblasts treated with 0.1 mmol/l metformin (p<0.05), particularly those of esters of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid oxidation was reduced by ~50% in trophoblasts treated with 0.1 mmol/l metformin compared with controls (p<0.001), with no difference in uptake between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In primary trophoblasts derived from term placentas metformin treatment caused a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation through partial inactivation of complex I and potentially by other mechanisms. Metformin-treated trophoblasts accumulate lipids, particularly long- and very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our findings raise clinically important questions about the balance of risk of metformin use during pregnancy, particularly in situations where the benefits are not clear-cut and alternative therapies are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - India G Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucas C Pantaleão
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenna L Armstrong
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin D Thackray
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorenz M W Holzner
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice E Knapton
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Virtue
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine E Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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Maurer J, Zhao X, Irmler M, Gudiksen A, Pilmark NS, Li Q, Goj T, Beckers J, Hrabě de Angelis M, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Lehmann R, Pilegaard H, Karstoft K, Xu G, Weigert C. Redox state and altered pyruvate metabolism contribute to a dose-dependent metformin-induced lactate production of human myotubes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1131-C1143. [PMID: 37694284 PMCID: PMC10635655 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00186.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Metformin-induced glycolysis and lactate production can lead to acidosis as a life-threatening side effect, but slight increases in blood lactate levels in a physiological range were also reported in metformin-treated patients. However, how metformin increases systemic lactate concentrations is only partly understood. Because human skeletal muscle has a high capacity to produce lactate, the aim was to elucidate the dose-dependent regulation of metformin-induced lactate production and the potential contribution of skeletal muscle to blood lactate levels under metformin treatment. This was examined by using metformin treatment (16-776 μM) of primary human myotubes and by 17 days of metformin treatment in humans. As from 78 µM, metformin induced lactate production and secretion and glucose consumption. Investigating the cellular redox state by mitochondrial respirometry, we found metformin to inhibit the respiratory chain complex I (776 µM, P < 0.01) along with decreasing the [NAD+]:[NADH] ratio (776 µM, P < 0.001). RNA sequencing and phospho-immunoblot data indicate inhibition of pyruvate oxidation mediated through phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (39 µM, P < 0.01). On the other hand, in human skeletal muscle, phosphorylation of PDH was not altered by metformin. Nonetheless, blood lactate levels were increased under metformin treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that metformin-induced inhibition of pyruvate oxidation combined with altered cellular redox state shifts the equilibrium of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction leading to a dose-dependent lactate production in primary human myotubes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metformin shifts the equilibrium of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction by low dose-induced phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) resulting in inhibition of pyruvate oxidation and high dose-induced increase in NADH, which explains the dose-dependent lactate production of differentiated human skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Maurer
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna S Pilmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Fredriksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Krako Jakovljevic N, Boardman NT, Makrecka-Kuka M. Editorial: Lipotoxicity, mitotoxicity, and drug targets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1245111. [PMID: 37560301 PMCID: PMC10408128 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1245111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Krako Jakovljevic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neoma T. Boardman
- Department Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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Dong Y, Qi Y, Jiang H, Mi T, Zhang Y, Peng C, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zang Y, Li J. The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases. Front Med 2023; 17:388-431. [PMID: 37402952 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades due to its safety, low cost, and outstanding hypoglycemic effect clinically. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are complex and still not fully understood. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex I is the most described downstream mechanism of metformin, leading to reduced ATP production and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, many novel targets of metformin have been gradually discovered. In recent years, multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies are committed to extend the indications of metformin in addition to diabetes. Herein, we summarized the benefits of metformin in four types of diseases, including metabolic associated diseases, cancer, aging and age-related diseases, neurological disorders. We comprehensively discussed the pharmacokinetic properties and the mechanisms of action, treatment strategies, the clinical application, the potential risk of metformin in various diseases. This review provides a brief summary of the benefits and concerns of metformin, aiming to interest scientists to consider and explore the common and specific mechanisms and guiding for the further research. Although there have been countless studies of metformin, longitudinal research in each field is still much warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingbei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tian Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
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Metformin Acutely Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Human Atrial Tissue: A Pilot Study in Overweight Non-Diabetic Cardiac Patients. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122058. [PMID: 36556423 PMCID: PMC9785172 DOI: 10.3390/life12122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, the first-line drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus, elicits cardiovascular protection also in obese patients via pleiotropic effects, among which the anti-oxidant is one of the most investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether metformin can acutely mitigate oxidative stress in atrial tissue harvested from overweight non-diabetic patients. Right atrial appendage samples were harvested during open-heart surgery and used for the evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by means of confocal microscopy (superoxide anion) and spectrophotometry (hydrogen peroxide). Experiments were performed after acute incubation with metformin (10 µM) in the presence vs. absence of angiotensin II (AII, 100 nM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL), and high glucose (Gluc, 400 mg/dL). Stimulation with AII, LPS, and high Gluc increased ROS production. The magnitude of oxidative stress correlated with several echocardiographic parameters. Metformin applied in the lowest therapeutic concentration (10 µM) was able to decrease ROS generation in stimulated but also non-stimulated atrial samples. In conclusion, in a pilot group of overweight non-diabetic cardiac patients, acute incubation with metformin at a clinically relevant dose alleviated oxidative stress both in basal conditions and conditions that mimicked the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, acute inflammation, and uncontrolled hyperglycemia.
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Lee CH, Chiang CF, Lin FH, Kuo FC, Su SC, Huang CL, Li PF, Liu JS, Lu CH, Hsieh CH, Hung YJ, Shieh YS. PDIA4, a new endoplasmic reticulum stress protein, modulates insulin resistance and inflammation in skeletal muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1053882. [PMID: 36619574 PMCID: PMC9816868 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1053882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as a key player in insulin resistance (IR) progression in skeletal muscle. Recent reports revealed that ER stress-induced the expression of protein disulfide isomerase family a member 4 (PDIA4), which may be involved in IR-related diseases. A previous study showed that metformin modulated ER stress-induced IR. However, it remained unclear whether metformin alleviated IR by regulating PDIA4 expression in skeletal muscle. METHODS Herein, we used palmitate-induced IR in C2C12 cells and a high-fat diet-induced IR mouse model to document the relations between metformin, IR, and PDIA4. RESULTS In C2C12 cells, palmitate-induced IR increased inflammatory cytokines and PDIA4 expression. Besides, knocking down PDIA4 decreased palmitate-induced IR and inflammation in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, metformin modulated PDIA4 expression and alleviated IR both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, serum PDIA4 concentrations are associated with IR and inflammatory cytokines levels in human subjects. DISCUSSION Thus, this study is the first to demonstrate that PDIA4 participates in the metformin-induced effects on skeletal muscle IR and indicates that PDIA4 is a potential novel therapeutic target for directly alleviating IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chien-Hsing Lee,
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Luen Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Syuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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