1
|
Ge J, Wang Z, Deng Y, Ding F, Wang J, Shen X, Zhang C, Wang C, Hu L, Wang H. Near-infrared lipid droplets polarity fluorescent probe for early diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124479. [PMID: 38772178 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, it has been proven that lipid droplets (LDs) not only maintain the fundamental cellular functions, but also play an essential role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among these diseases. In this work, we designed two polarity sensitive fluorescent probes TST and TSO with D-π-A-D structure by introducing different electron acceptor groups according to the low polarity of LDs. The experimental discovered that probe TST exhibited the characteristics of near-infrared emission, high selectivity towards polarity, large Stokes shift, rapid targeting ability of LDs, and robust wash-free biological imaging capability. Confocal images illustrated that probe TST has been successfully applied in monitoring LDs polarity during ferroptosis, as well as visualizing changes in LDs polarity at both tissue and organ levels in fatty liver conditions. With these exceptional properties, probe TST was anticipated to make further contributions to the field of LDs research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Ge
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Feiyang Ding
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xuebin Shen
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Cuifeng Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Lei Hu
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Yang J, Wang J, Zhang S, Tang F, Chen J, Ding A, Hu L, Wang H. Lipid droplets-specific fluorescent probe for wash-free imaging and in vivo diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:532. [PMID: 39134779 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) dysfunction is closely associated with a multitude of diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, it is imperative to develop fluorescent probes that specifically target LDs for the early detection and diagnosis of NAFLD. In this study, a series of lipophilic fluorophores CZ1-CZ4 that feature a D-π-A configuration were designed and synthesized based on the carbazole and tricocyanofuran derivatives. The photophysical data revealed that all four probes exhibited large Stokes shifts (~ 120 nm) in high-polarity solvents (e.g., DMSO) and demonstrated enhanced fluorescence in solvents ranging from low-polarity (e.g., 1,4-Dioxane) to high-polarity. Notably, by utilizing probe CZ1, we could specifically visualize LDs and captured high-quality images, even eliminating the need for a time-consuming wash procedure. Moreover, CZ1 enabled monitoring of LDs dynamic changes in-real time within live cells, and importantly, it could be used to effectively distinguish normal and NAFLD tissues at both the organ and in vivo level. This exceptional property of probe CZ1 provides a practical tool for the diagnosis and intervention of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Sichen Zhang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Fang Tang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiexia Chen
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Aixiang Ding
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Lei Hu
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang XM, Huang YC, Chen BZ, Li Q, Wu PP, Chen WH, Wu RH, Li C. Water decoction of Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Amomi fructus ameliorates alcohol-induced liver disease involved in the modulation of gut microbiota and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392338. [PMID: 38966547 PMCID: PMC11222602 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol consumption alters the diversity and metabolic activities of gut microbiota, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction and contributing to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is the most prevalent cause of advanced liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and action mechanism of an aqueous extraction of Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Amomi fructus (PFE) on alcoholic liver injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the mouse model of alcoholic liver injury and orally administered 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/d of PFE for 2 weeks. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing were used to analyze the mechanism of action of PFE in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver injury. Results Treatment with PFE significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury, as illustrated by the normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in ALD mice in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of PFE not only maintained the intestinal barrier integrity prominently by upregulating mucous production and tight junction protein expressions but also sensibly reversed the dysregulation of intestinal microecology in alcohol-treated mice. Furthermore, PFE treatment significantly reduced hepatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and attenuated oxidative stress as well as inflammation related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The PFE supplementation also significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the ALD mice. Conclusion Administration of PFE effectively prevents alcohol-induced liver injury and may also regulate the LPS-involved gut-liver axis; this could provide valuable insights for the development of drugs to prevent and treat ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yue-Chang Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Bai-Zhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiangmen, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Ri-Hui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun W, Mei X, Wang J, Mai Z, Xu D. Zn(II)-curcumin prevents cadmium-aggravated diabetic nephropathy by regulating gut microbiota and zinc homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1411230. [PMID: 38903987 PMCID: PMC11188322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1411230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is known as the most common complication of diabetes, resulting from a complex inheritance-environment interaction without effective clinical treatments. Herein, we revealed the protective effects and mechanisms of Zn(II)-curcumin, a curcumin derivative, against streptozotocin-induced DN in rats in the presence or absence of cadmium exposure. Methods: The present study focused on investigating the therapy of Zn(II)-curcumin against cadmium-aggravated DN by regulating gut microbiota, metabolism, inflammation and zinc homeostasis based on pathological changes, TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Results: We found Zn(II)-curcumin significantly mitigated the cadmium-aggravated phenotypes of diabetic nephropathy, as indicated by the remission of renal dysfunction, pathological changes, inflammation and zinc dyshomeostasis in streptozotocin-treated rats exposed to cadmium. Administration of Zn(II)-curcumin significantly alleviated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the changes of serum metabolite profiles in rats treated with streptozotocin in combination with cadmium. Notably, fecal microbial transplantation identified the ability of Zn(II)-curcumin to regulate renal function, inflammation and zinc homeostasis was partly dependent on the gut microbiota. Conclusion: These findings revealed that Zn(II)-curcumin alleviated cadmium-aggravated diabetic nephropathy by reshaping the gut microbiota and zinc homeostasis, which provided unique insights into the mechanisms of the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Mei
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Mai
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Zheng W, Wu P, Wu R, Chen WH, Li C. N- p-coumaroyloctopamine ameliorates hepatic glucose metabolism and oxidative stress involved in a PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396641. [PMID: 38725660 PMCID: PMC11079176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is regarded as a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Long-term hyperglycemia may result in oxidative stress, damage pancreatic β-cell function and induce insulin resistance. Herein we explored the anti-hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of action of N-p-coumaroyloctopamine (N-p-CO) in vitro and in vivo. N-p-CO exhibited high antioxidant activity, as indicated by the increased activity of SOD, GSH and GSH-Px in HL-7702 cells induced by both high glucose (HG) and palmitic acid (PA). N-p-CO treatment significantly augmented glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in HG/PA-treated HL-7702 cells. Moreover, administration of N-p-CO in diabetic mice induced by both high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) not only significantly increased the antioxidant levels of GSH-PX, SOD and GSH, but also dramatically alleviated hyperglycemia and hepatic glucose metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. More importantly, N-p-CO upregulated the expressions of PI3K, AKT and GSK3β proteins in both HG/PA-induced HL-7702 cells and HFD/STZ-induced mice. These findings clearly suggest that N-p-CO exerts anti-hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant effects, most probably via the regulation of a PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Thus, N-p-CO may have high potentials as a new candidate for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuechang Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xingmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou Y, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen C, Zhou X, Jin J, Ye J, Li D, Gan L, Wu R. Oleuropein-Rich Jasminum Grandiflorum Flower Extract Regulates the LKB1-PGC-1α Axis Related to the Attenuation of Hepatocellular Lipid Dysmetabolism. Nutrients 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 38201888 PMCID: PMC10780778 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets() rich in fat are a major() cause() of metabolic disease(), and nutritional() food has been widely() used() to counteract the metabolic disorders such() as obesity() and fatty() liver(). The present study investigated the effects of oleuropein-enriched extract() from Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers (OLE-JGF) in high-fat diet() (HFD)-fed mice and oleic acid() (OA)-treated AML-12 cells. Treatment() of HFD-fed mice with 0.6% OLE-JGF for 8 weeks significantly reduced body and liver() weights, as well as attenuating lipid dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. OLE-JGF administration() prominently suppressed the mRNA expressions() of monocyte chemoattractant protein()-1 (MCP-1) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and it also downregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty() acid() synthase (FAS) as well as sterol-regulatory-element()-binding protein() (SREBP-1c) in the liver(). Meanwhile, mitochondrial DNA and uncoupling protein() 2 (UCP2) were upregulated along with the increased expression() of mitochondrial biogenic promoters including liver() kinase B1 (LKB1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear() factor()-erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and mitochondrial transcription factor() A (Tfam), but did not change AMP-activated protein() kinase (AMPK) in liver(). The lipid droplets were decreased significantly after treatment() with 80 μM oleuropein for 24 h in OA-induced AML-12 cells. Furthermore, oleuropein significantly inhibited ACC mRNA expression() and upregulated LKB1, PGC-1α, and Tfam mRNA levels, as well as increasing the binding level of LKB1 to PGC-1α promoter in OA-induced cells. These findings indicate() that OLE-JGF reduces hepatic lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, as well as the fact that OA-induced liver() cells may be partly() attributed to upregulation of the LKB1-PGC-1α axis, which mediates hepatic lipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Our study provides a scientific() basis() for the benefits and potential() use() of the J. grandiflorum flower as a food supplement() for the prevention() and treatment() of metabolic disease().
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Hou
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Yapeng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Caihong Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Xiu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jiming Ye
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| |
Collapse
|