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Xu Z, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Wan M, Qin W, Li P, Feng J, Shao S, Xue W, Guo H, Liu B. Recent pharmacological advances in the treatment of cardiovascular events with Astragaloside IV. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115752. [PMID: 37875045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability globally. A wide range of CVDs have been reported, each of which diverges significantly, exhibiting sophisticated types of pathogenesis (e.g., inflammatory, oxidative stress, and disorders in cardiomyocyte metabolism). Compared with conventional treatments in modern medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can exhibit comparative advantages in the treatment of CVDs. TCM can be utilized to develop effective strategies for addressing the challenges of CVD, with fewer side effects and higher therapeutic efficiency. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been confirmed as one of the major active ingredients found in Astragalus membranaceus (a Chinese herbal medicine that has been extensively employed clinically for the treatments of CVDs). Since recent studies have shown that AS-IV in CVD treatments has achieved promising results, the substance has aroused great attention and further discussions in the field. The present review aims to summarize the recent pharmacological advances in employing AS-IV in the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Xu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Houle Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziji Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Melisandre Wan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wanting Qin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaming Feng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuijin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Baonian Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Papaporfyriou A, Bartziokas K, Gompelmann D, Idzko M, Fouka E, Zaneli S, Bakakos P, Loukides S, Papaioannou AI. Cardiovascular Diseases in COPD: From Diagnosis and Prevalence to Therapy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1299. [PMID: 37374082 DOI: 10.3390/life13061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered one of the leading causes of mortality. Cardiovascular comorbidities are diagnosed often in COPD patients, not only because of the common risk factors these two diseases share, but also because of the systemic inflammation which characterizes COPD and has deleterious effects in the cardiovascular system. The comorbid cardiovascular diseases in COPD result in several difficulties in the holistic treatment of these patients and affect outcomes such as morbidity and mortality. Several studies have reported that mortality from cardiovascular causes is common among COPD patients, while the risk for acute cardiovascular events increases during COPD exacerbations and remains high for a long time even after recovery. In this review, we focus on the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in COPD patients, presenting the evidence regarding the interaction of the pathophysiological pathways which characterize each disease. Furthermore, we summarize information regarding the effects of cardiovascular treatment on COPD outcomes and vice versa. Finally, we present the current evidence regarding the impact of cardiovascular comorbidities on exacerbations, quality of life and survival of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Papaporfyriou
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniela Gompelmann
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Idzko
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evangelia Fouka
- General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Pulmonary Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavrina Zaneli
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana I Papaioannou
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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3
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Li XF, Wan CQ, Mao YM. Analysis of pathogenesis and drug treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with cardiovascular disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:979959. [PMID: 36405582 PMCID: PMC9672343 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.979959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation, and is associated with abnormal inflammatory responses in the lungs to cigarette smoke and toxic and harmful gases. Due to the existence of common risk factors, COPD is prone to multiple complications, among which cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common. It is currently established that cardiovascular comorbidities increase the risk of exacerbations and mortality from COPD. COPD is also an independent risk factor for CVD, and its specific mechanism is still unclear, which may be related to chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction. There is evidence that chronic inflammation of the airways can lead to destruction of the lung parenchyma and decreased lung function. Inflammatory cells in the airways also generate reactive oxygen species in the lungs, and reactive oxygen species further promote lung inflammation through signal transduction and other pathways. Inflammatory mediators circulate from the lungs to the whole body, causing intravascular dysfunction, promoting the formation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, and ultimately leading to the occurrence and development of CVD. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms of COPD complicated by CVD and the effects of common cardiovascular drugs on COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Cheng-Quan Wan
- Department of Neonatology, Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital,, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Min Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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4
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MiR-520b inhibits endothelial activation by targeting NF-κB p65-VCAM1 axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114540. [PMID: 33819467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MiR-520b belongs to the miR-373/520 family, is expressed only in human and nonhuman primates. Previous reports indicated that the expression of miR-520b was repressed in human atherosclerotic plaque tissue compared with healthy vessels. However, the role of miR-520b in coronary artery disease still remains to be uncovered. In this study, we demonstrated that endothelial cells (ECs) in human atherosclerotic plaques expressed miR-520b and aimed to elucidate the impact of miR-520b on EC activation and inflammatory response. To determine the potential targets of miR-520b, we performed RNA-seq analysis by transfecting miR-520b mimics in ECs. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validation suggested that miR-520b over-expression reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression (e.g. ICAM1, VCAM1, SELE) while the inhibition of miR-520b induced their expression. By combining bioinformatics prediction and functional assays, we identified that RELA (Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Transcription Factor P65) was a direct target of miR-520b. Moreover, miR-520b mimics attenuated monocyte adhesion and monocyte trans-endothelial migration (the initial steps of atherosclerotic formation) in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Re-expression of a non-miR-targetable version of p65 could rescue the reduced monocyte cell attachment, suggesting that this process is NF-κB p65 dependent. MiR-520b reduced the abundance of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasmic fractions without corresponding increase in nuclear fractions, indicating that this regulation is independent of p65 translocation process. MiR-520b mimics attenuated the activity of VCAM-1 promoter, whereas miR-520b inhibitor activated its activity. However, miR-520b inhibitor had no effect on promoter activity containing the mutated NF-κB p65 binding sites, strongly demonstrating that the impact of miR-520b on VCAM1 gene is mediated by NF-κB p65. Thus, we concluded that miR-520b suppressed EC inflammation and the cross-talk between monocytes and ECs by down-regulating NF-κB p65-ICAM1/VCAM1 axis and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for EC dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Kim CW, Oh E, Park HJ. A strategy to prevent atherosclerosis via TNF receptor regulation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21391. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000764r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Kim
- Department of Microbiology College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
- Department of Preclinical Trial Laboratory Animal Center Osong Medical Innovation Foundation Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Taex Oh
- Hypoxia‐related Disease Research Center College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Joo Park
- Department of Microbiology College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
- Hypoxia‐related Disease Research Center College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Republic of Korea
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6
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Patient hiPSCs Identify Vascular Smooth Muscle Arylacetamide Deacetylase as Protective against Atherosclerosis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:147-157.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Zhu H, Li Z, Xu X, Fang X, Chen T, Huang J. Predictive value of three Inflammation-based Glasgow Prognostic Scores for major cardiovascular adverse events in patients with acute myocardial infarction during hospitalization: a retrospective study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9068. [PMID: 32355581 PMCID: PMC7185027 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Inflammation-based Glasgow Prognostic Scores (GPS) have been reported to predict the prognosis of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The goal of this study was to investigate whether three kinds of GPSs can effectively predict major cardiovascular adverse events (MACEs) in STEMI or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients undergoing PPCI, elective PCI (EPCI) or conservative drug therapy during hospitalization. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were divided into 0, 1 or 2 score according to the GPSs. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to assess the predictive value of GPSs for MACE and all-cause mortality during hospitalization. Three kinds of GPSs, Inflammation-based Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), modified GPS (MGPS) and high-sensitivity CRP-modified GPS (HS-MGPS) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score were applied in this study. Results A total of 188 patients were enrolled. The ROC curve with MACE showed that the AUC of GPS (0.820 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.754-0.885]), P < 0.001) was larger than that of MGPS (0.789 (95% CI [0.715-0.863]), P < 0.001), HS-MGPS (0.787 (95% CI [0.717-0.856]), P < 0.001) and GRACE score (0.743 (95% CI [0.672-0.814]), P < 0.001). The ROC curve with all-cause mortality showed that the AUC of GPS (0.696 (95% CI [0.561-0.831]), P = 0.005) was similar to the HS-MGPS (0.698 (95% CI [0.569-0.826]), P = 0.005) and higher than the MGPS (0.668 (95% CI [0.525-0.812]), P = 0.016), but lower than the GRACE score (0.812 (95% CI [0.734-0.889]), P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the GPS was an independent risk factor for the incidence of MACE during hospitalization. Compared with the odds ratio (OR) value for a GPS of 0, the OR for a GPS of 1 was 7.173 (95% CI [2.425-21.216]), P < 0.001), and that for a GPS of 2 was 18.636 (95% CI [5.813-59.746]), P < 0.001), but not an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (P = 0.302). GRACE score was an independent risk factor for MACE (1.019 (95% CI [1.004-1.035]), P = 0.015) and all-cause mortality (1.040 (95% CI [1.017-1.064]), P = 0.001). In the subgroups classified according to the type of AMI, the presence of disease interference GPSs and the type of PCI, the ability of GPS to predict the occurrence of MACE seemed to be greater than that of MGPS and HS-MGPS. Conclusion The GPS has a good predictive value for the occurrence of MACE during hospitalization in patients with AMI, regardless of STEMI or NSTEMI, the choice of PCI mode and the presence or absence of diseases that interfere with GPS. However, GPS is less predictive of all-cause mortality during hospitalization than GRACE score, which may be due to the interference of patients with other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao District), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Wulin District), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Wulin District), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tielong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Wulin District), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Wang N, Zhang X, Ma Z, Niu J, Ma S, Wenjie W, Chen J. Combination of tanshinone IIA and astragaloside IV attenuate atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in ApoE(-/-) mice by activating PI3K/AKT signaling and suppressing TRL4/NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109729. [PMID: 31887543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TS IIA) and Astragaloside IV (AS IV) are natural herbal products which exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in order to eliminate unstable plaque in atherosclerosis. However, the combined effect of these two drugs on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, we evaluate the effects of TS IIA and AS IV on atherosclerotic unstable plaque stability, and then further explore the mechanism of TS IIA and AS IV intervention on unstable plaque in vivo and in vitro. Histological characterization of atherosclerotic plaques was measured by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Masson's Trichrome and Oil Red O staining. Cellular lipid droplet was measured by Oil Red O staining. The size of atherosclerotic lesion areas and content of lipids and collagen in the right common carotid arteries of apoE-/- mice were examined by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Oil-red O, and Masson staining, respectively. The protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) in ApoE-/- mice and RAW264.7 cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in ApoE-/- mice and RAW264.7 cells were determined by western blotting. In addition, the PI3K/AKT and TRL4/NF-κB signaling were determined by western blotting. Our results revealed that the combination of TS IIA and AS IV significantly decreased lipid areas, increased collagen content and thickened fibrous cap in the right common carotid arteries compared with ApoE (-/-) mice model group. TS IIA and AS IV visibly reduced the cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation induced by oxLDL in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The ApoE-/- mice model group and oxLDL -stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with TS IIA and AS IV showed a downregulation in IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α and CRP protein expression and upregulation in eNOS protein expression. Furthermore, TSIIA and AS IV may activate PI3K/AKT signaling and suppress TLR4/NF-κB signaling in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling enhanced the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus, TLR4, IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α and CRP expression and inhibited eNOS expression in TS IIA and AS IV-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the present study implicates that TS IIA and AS IV reinforces plaque stability via PI3K/AKT and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. TS IIA and AS IV administration may provide the basis for a potential therapeutic approach for the inhibition of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanding Wang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinghu Niu
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shihang Ma
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wang Wenjie
- Shaanxi university of Chinese medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China.
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9
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DUSP1 Is a Potential Marker of Chronic Inflammation in Arabs with Cardiovascular Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2018:9529621. [PMID: 30647800 PMCID: PMC6311887 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9529621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks persist in patients despite the use of conventional treatments. This might be due to chronic inflammation as reflected in epidemiological studies associating circulating low-grade inflammatory markers with CVD recurrent events. Here, we explored this potential link by assessing plasma dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) levels and comparing them to high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels and their associations to conventional CVD risk factors in confirmed CVD patients. Methods Human adults with reported CVD (n = 207) and controls (n = 70) living in Kuwait were used in this study. Anthropometric and classical biochemical parameters were determined. Plasma levels of DUSP1, oxLDL, and hsCRP were measured using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results DUSP1 and hsCRP plasma levels and their least square means were higher in CVD cases, while oxLDL plasma levels were lower (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that DUSP1 and hsCRP are independently associated with CVD in the studied population, as reflected by 2-fold and 1.5-fold increased risks with increased levels of DUSP1 and hsCRP, respectively. In our study, DUSP1 levels were found to be associated with CVD despite statin treatment and diabetes status (p < 0.05), whereas hsCRP mainly correlated with obesity markers. Conclusions Circulating DUSP1 might be a predictor of chronic subclinical inflammation and residual risk in CVD patients, whereas our data suggest that the association between hsCRP and CVD is largely accounted for adiposity risk factors.
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10
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Courrol LC, de Oliveira Gonçalves K, Vieira DP. Emerging Role of Aminolevulinic Acid and Gold Nanoparticles Combination in Theranostic Applications. Nanotheranostics 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29768-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Li M, Qian M, Kyler K, Xu J. Endothelial-Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Interactions in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:151. [PMID: 30406116 PMCID: PMC6207093 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory process that can eventually lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite available treatment, the prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD, which has become the leading cause of death worldwide, persists. Identification of new mechanisms of atherogenesis are highly needed in order to develop an effective therapeutic treatment. The blood vessels contain two primary major cell types: endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Each of these performs an essential function in sustaining vascular homeostasis. EC-VSMC communication is essential not only to development, but also to the homeostasis of mature blood vessels. Aberrant EC-VSMC interaction could promote atherogenesis. Identification of the mode of EC-VSMC crosstalk that regulates vascular functionality and sustains homeostasis may offer strategic insights for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic CVD. Here we will review the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between EC and VSMC that could contribute to atherosclerosis. We also highlight open questions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Li
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Ming Qian
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Kathy Kyler
- Office of Research Administration, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
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12
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Rabe KF, Hurst JR, Suissa S. Cardiovascular disease and COPD: dangerous liaisons? Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/149/180057. [PMID: 30282634 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0057-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently occur together and their coexistence is associated with worse outcomes than either condition alone. Pathophysiological links between COPD and CVD include lung hyperinflation, systemic inflammation and COPD exacerbations. COPD treatments may produce beneficial cardiovascular (CV) effects, such as long-acting bronchodilators, which are associated with improvements in arterial stiffness, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and cardiac function. However, data are limited regarding whether these translate into benefits in CV outcomes. Some studies have suggested that treatment with long-acting β2-agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists leads to an increase in the risk of CV events, particularly at treatment initiation, although the safety profile of these agents with prolonged use appears reassuring. Some CV medications may have a beneficial impact on COPD outcomes, but there have been concerns about β-blocker use leading to bronchospasm in COPD, which may result in patients not receiving guideline-recommended treatment. However, there are few data suggesting harm with these agents and patients should not be denied β-blockers if required. Clearer recommendations are necessary regarding the identification and management of comorbid CVD in patients with COPD in order to facilitate early intervention and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus F Rabe
- Dept of Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany .,Lung Clinic Großhansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - John R Hurst
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samy Suissa
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Fraga-Silva RA, Seeman H, Montecucco F, da Silva AR, Burger F, Costa-Fraga FP, Anguenot L, Mach F, Dos Santos RAS, Stergiopulos N, da Silva RF. Apelin-13 treatment enhances the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29336478 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an endogenous peptidergic system which modulates cardiovascular function. Recent studies pointed out a fundamental contribution of apelin on atherosclerosis development; however, such reports revealed contradictory data, and to date, it is difficult to accurately define a beneficial or deleterious role. To better understand apelin function on atherosclerosis, we aimed to investigate apelin-13 treatment effects on atherosclerotic plaques composition. DESIGN Apolipoprotein E gene-deleted mice were fed on Western-type diet for 11 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaque formation was induced in the carotid artery by a shear stress modifier device, which exposes the same vessel to distinct patterns of shear stress enabling the formation of plaques with different composition. Mice were treated with apelin-13 (2 mg kg-1 day-1 ) or vehicle for the last 3 weeks. RESULTS Apelin-13 treatment did not alter the lipid content of low shear stress- and oscillatory shear stress-induced plaques in the carotid. However, apelin-13 greatly ameliorated plaque stability by increasing intraplaque collagen content and reducing MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, apelin-13 decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophil and macrophage) and intraplaque reactive oxygen species content. Interestingly, apelin-13 treatment reduced total cholesterol, LDL levels and free fatty acid serum levels, while HDL, triglycerides serum levels were not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS Apelin-13 treatment for 3 weeks did not alter the lesion size, but it significantly enhanced the stable phenotype of atherosclerotic plaques and improved serum lipid profile. These results indicate that activation of apelin system decreases plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Seeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Analina R da Silva
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabienne Burger
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana P Costa-Fraga
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Léa Anguenot
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robson A S Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafaela F da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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14
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The Vasodilatory Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Herb Medications: A Comparison Study of Four Botanical Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1021284. [PMID: 29333177 PMCID: PMC5733232 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1021284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, in which, the endothelium dysfunction has been a key element. The current study was designed to explore the vasodilatory effect of anti-inflammatory herbs which have been traditionally used in different clinical applications. The total saponins from Actinidia arguta radix (SAA), total flavonoids from Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (FGR), total coumarins from Peucedani radix (CPR), and total flavonoids from Spatholobi caulis (FSC) were extracted. The isometric measurement of vasoactivity was used to observe the effects of herbal elements on the isolated aortic rings with or without endothelium. To understand endothelium-independent vasodilation, the effects of herb elements on agonists-induced vasocontractility and on the contraction of endothelium-free aortic rings exposed to a Ca2+-free medium were examined. Furthermore, the role of nitric oxide signaling in endothelium-dependent vasodilation was also evaluated. In summary, FGR and FSC exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects compared to CPR and SAA. FGR exerts the strongest vasodilatory effect, while CPR shows the least. The relaxation induced by SAA and FSC required intact endothelia. The mechanism of this vasodilation might involve eNOS. CPR-mediated vasorelaxation appears to involve interference with intracellular calcium homeostasis, blocking Ca2+ influx or releasing intracellular Ca2+.
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15
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Weber C, Badimon L, Mach F, van der Vorst EPC. Therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis: Past, present and future. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1258-1264. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-10-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryEven two centuries after they were first described, atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis remain among the leading causes of death worldwide. Over the last decades it has become clear that atherosclerosis is not only a lipid-driven disease but also a multifactorial process largely driven by inflammatory mediators, an insight that has instigated additional research and drug development focussing on anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we will provide a brief historical overview, followed by a more general synopsis of the range of currently available state-of-the-art therapies for atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Finally, we will highlight some of the promising therapeutic strategies that are currently under intense investigation. We believe that the next years will witness highly interesting developments and clinical trials investigating yet more novel therapies, and at the same time looking into potential combinations of all available therapies. This prospect closes in on the ultimate goal, which is to reduce the residual risk that still persists despite present therapeutic options.
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16
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Wang A, Liu J, Li C, Gao J, Li X, Chen S, Wu S, Ding H, Fan H, Hou S. Cumulative Exposure to High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predicts the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005610. [PMID: 29066453 PMCID: PMC5721824 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One measurement of hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to characterize the association of cumulative exposure to increased hs-CRP with incident cardiovascular events. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 53 065 participants with hs-CRP measured at 3 examinations in 2006, 2008, and 2010. Cumulative exposure to hs-CRP was calculated as the weighted sum of the average hs-CRP level for each time interval (level×time). Participants were classified into nonexposed group (hs-CRP<3.0 mg/L in all 3 examinations), 1-exposed group (hs-CRP≥3.0 mg/L in 1 of the 3 examinations), 2-exposed group (hs-CRP≥3.0 mg/L in 2 of the 3 examinations), and 3-exposed group (hs-CRP≥3.0 mg/L in 3 examinations). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of cumulative hs-CRP with incident CVD. The study showed a dose-response pattern with risk of CVD and myocardial infarction as the number of years of exposure to hs-CRP increases. Participants in the 3-exposed group had significantly increased CVD risk with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.38 (1.11-1.72), in comparison with 1.28 (1.07-1.52) for participants in the 2-exposed group and 1.13 (0.97-1.31) for those in the 1-exposed group (P<0.05); meanwhile, the similar and significant associations were also observed for myocardial infarction with respective hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.13 (1.42-3.18), 1.60 (1.12-2.27), and 1.57 (1.17-2.10). The associations between stroke and cumulative hs-CRP were not statistically significant (P=0.360). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative exposure to hs-CRP was dose dependently associated with a subsequent increased risk of CVD and myocardial infarction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TNC-11001489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitian Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Intensive medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine in Chinese People's Liberation Army, Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Army Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chunguang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jingli Gao
- Department of Intensive medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Department of Intensive medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine in Chinese People's Liberation Army, Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Army Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine in Chinese People's Liberation Army, Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Army Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine in Chinese People's Liberation Army, Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Army Police Forces, Tianjin, China
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17
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Akhavanpoor M, Gleissner CA, Akhavanpoor H, Lasitschka F, Doesch AO, Katus HA, Erbel C. Adventitial tertiary lymphoid organ classification in human atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 32:8-14. [PMID: 29078120 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Adjacent to lamina intima lesion progression, a cellular compound develops in the lamina adventitia, defined as tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) in mice. But in human system, it remains unknown whether these adventitial cellular accumulations represent these highly organized immunological structures. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated whether the adventitial cellular compounds represent TLOs in 72 human coronary artery samples by immunoenzyme staining. RESULTS The study showed that the adventitial cellular compound partly represented TLOs in human coronary arteries affected by atherogenesis in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (56%) or a fatal myocardial infarction (100%), but not dilated cardiomyopathy. In addition, we established a classification for human TLOs, stage I-III, and showed that all stages were present in diseased coronary arteries. The stage of TLOs highly correlated with lesion size as well as plaque instability and rupture, and all patients with a myocardial infarction had stage III. Additionally, there were cellular infiltration and destruction of the lamina media, which were restricted to TLOs next to ruptured plaques in patients with a fatal myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS TLOs are present in patients with a coronary artery disease and highly correlated with lesion size, plaque instability, and rupture. Further studies are needed to investigate whether TLOs might be a specific diagnostic and drug target to modify plaque instability/rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Akhavanpoor
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian A Gleissner
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamidreza Akhavanpoor
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Andreas O Doesch
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Erbel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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18
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Mourino-Alvarez L, Baldan-Martin M, Rincon R, Martin-Rojas T, Corbacho-Alonso N, Sastre-Oliva T, Barderas MG. Recent advances and clinical insights into the use of proteomics in the study of atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:701-713. [PMID: 28689450 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1353912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The application of new proteomics methods may help to identify new diagnostic/predictive molecular markers in an attempt to improve the clinical management of atherosclerosis. Areas covered: Technological advances in proteomics have enhanced its sensitivity and multiplexing capacity, as well as the possibility of studying protein interactions and tissue structure. These advances will help us better understand the molecular mechanisms at play in atherosclerosis as a biological system. Moreover, this should help identify new predictive/diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may facilitate effective risk stratification and early diagnosis, with the ensuing rapid implementation of treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the novel methods in proteomics, including state-of-the-art techniques, novel biological samples and applications for the study of atherosclerosis. Expert commentary: Collaboration between clinicians and researchers is crucial to further validate and introduce new molecular markers to manage atherosclerosis that are identified using the most up to date proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos , Toledo , Spain
| | | | - Raul Rincon
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos , Toledo , Spain
| | - Tatiana Martin-Rojas
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos , Toledo , Spain
| | - Nerea Corbacho-Alonso
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos , Toledo , Spain
| | - Tamara Sastre-Oliva
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos , Toledo , Spain
| | - Maria G Barderas
- a Department of Vascular Physiopathology , Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos , Toledo , Spain
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19
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Liu H, Lin D, Xiang H, Chen W, Zhao S, Peng H, Yang J, Chen P, Chen S, Lu H. The role of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis in atherosclerosis via its two different receptors. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:891-897. [PMID: 28781615 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, it is commonly accepted that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by disorder of the arterial wall. As one of the inflammatory cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) participates in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. TWEAK, when binding to its initial receptor, fibroblast growth factor inducible molecule 14 (Fn14), exerts adverse biological functions in atherosclerosis, including dysfunction of endothelial cells, phenotypic change of smooth muscle cells and inflammatory responses of monocytes/macrophages. However, accumulating data supports that, besides Fn14, TWEAK also binds to cluster of differentiation (CD)163, an anti-inflammatory cytokine and a scavenger receptor exclusively expressed by monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that CD163 is able to internalize TWEAK and likely elicits protective effects in atherosclerosis by terminating inflammation induced by TWEAK. In the present study, the role of TWEAK in atherosclerosis was reviewed, with a predominant focus on CD163 and Fn14 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengdao Liu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lin
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shaoli Zhao
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Peng
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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20
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Bertrand MJ, Tardif JC. Inflammation and beyond: new directions and emerging drugs for treating atherosclerosis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 22:1-26. [PMID: 27927063 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2017.1269743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular (CV) atherosclerotic disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the advances in contemporary therapies. Inflammation is an important process in atherosclerosis, leading to plaque rupture and acute coronary syndrome. Although statin therapy has substantially reduced CV events in primary and secondary prevention, many treated patients will have recurrent adverse CV events despite the standard of care. Thus, drug development aiming to target inflammatory pathways seems a promising avenue for novel therapies in atherosclerosis. Areas covered: Statins have been extensively studied and are the most effective lipid-lowering drugs available for CV prevention. Novel anti-inflammatory drugs are being tested in Phase II and III trials, targeting pathways like interleukin-1, leukotrienes, TNF-α, P-selectin, CCL2-CCR2 and MAP Kinase. Expert opinion: Novel anti-inflammatory therapies seem promising additions to address the residual CV risk present despite the current standard of care, but large clinical trials have not yet shown beneficial effects on clinical events. PCSK9 inhibitors have been shown to substantially reduce LDL-C, however their long-term safety and effects on CV risk are currently being investigated. Pharmacogenomics holds great potential in future lipid trials, enabling the identification of patients who will respond with greater benefits and smaller risk to therapies and to decrease failure rates in drug development, as genotype-dependent effects of the CETP inhibitor dalcetrapib were shown in the dal-OUTCOMES and dal-PLAQUE-2 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jeanne Bertrand
- a Montreal Heart Institute, Department of medicine , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- a Montreal Heart Institute, Department of medicine , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Canada
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21
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Huffman JC, Beale EE, Celano CM, Beach SR, Belcher AM, Moore SV, Suarez L, Motiwala SR, Gandhi PU, Gaggin HK, Januzzi JL. Effects of Optimism and Gratitude on Physical Activity, Biomarkers, and Readmissions After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Gratitude Research in Acute Coronary Events Study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2016; 9:55-63. [PMID: 26646818 PMCID: PMC4720551 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive psychological constructs, such as optimism, are associated with beneficial health outcomes. However, no study has separately examined the effects of multiple positive psychological constructs on behavioral, biological, and clinical outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Accordingly, we aimed to investigate associations of baseline optimism and gratitude with subsequent physical activity, prognostic biomarkers, and cardiac rehospitalizations in post-ACS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were enrolled during admission for ACS and underwent assessments at baseline (2 weeks post-ACS) and follow-up (6 months later). Associations between baseline positive psychological constructs and subsequent physical activity/biomarkers were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. Associations between baseline positive constructs and 6-month rehospitalizations were assessed via multivariable Cox regression. Overall, 164 participants enrolled and completed the baseline 2-week assessments. Baseline optimism was significantly associated with greater physical activity at 6 months (n=153; β=102.5; 95% confidence interval, 13.6-191.5; P=0.024), controlling for baseline activity and sociodemographic, medical, and negative psychological covariates. Baseline optimism was also associated with lower rates of cardiac readmissions at 6 months (n=164), controlling for age, sex, and medical comorbidity (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, [0.86-0.98]; P=0.006). There were no significant relationships between optimism and biomarkers. Gratitude was minimally associated with post-ACS outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Post-ACS optimism, but not gratitude, was prospectively and independently associated with superior physical activity and fewer cardiac readmissions. Whether interventions that target optimism can successfully increase optimism or improve cardiovascular outcomes in post-ACS patients is not yet known, but can be tested in future studies. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01709669.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C Huffman
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.).
| | - Eleanor E Beale
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - Christopher M Celano
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - Scott R Beach
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - Arianna M Belcher
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - Shannon V Moore
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - Laura Suarez
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - Shweta R Motiwala
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - Parul U Gandhi
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - Hanna K Gaggin
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
| | - James L Januzzi
- From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.C.H., C.M.C., S.R.B., L.S., S.R.M., P.U.G., H.K.G., J.L.J.); Department of Psychiatry (J.C.H., E.E.B., C.M.C., S.R.B., S.V.M., L.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.M.B., P.U.G., H.G., J.L.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.M.)
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22
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Hu Y, Liu J, Zhao Q, Xu P, Chen Y, Zhou H, Li X. Correlation between mimecan expression and coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:21641-21646. [PMID: 26885118 PMCID: PMC4723963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the correlation between coronary artery stenosis and Mimecan expression in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Seventy eight patients with CHD and 80 controls without vascular lesions were recruited into present study. CHD patients were divided into one-vessel CHD subgroup, 2-vessel CHD subgroup and multivessel CHD subgroup. ELISA was performed to detect the expressions of serum Mimecan and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). RESULTS When compared with control group, the expressions of serum mimecan gene and NF-κB significantly increased in CHD groups (P < 0.05); When compared with one-vessel and two-vessel CHD subgroups, the expressions of serum mimecan and NF-κB significantly increased in multivessel CHD subgroup (P < 0.05), significant difference was observed among three subgroups (P < 0.05). The expressions of serum mimecan and NF-κB were positively related to the severity of coronary lesions (rmimecan=0.79, rNF-κB=0.83, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased expressions of serum mimecan and NF-κB in CHD patients are related to cardiac insufficiency, which may be ascribed to the binding of NF-κB to mimecan gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Huai'ai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Collage Huai'an, China
| | - Junying Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Huai'ai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Collage Huai'an, China
| | - Qingna Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Huai'ai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Collage Huai'an, China
| | - Peijing Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Huai'ai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Collage Huai'an, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Huai'ai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Collage Huai'an, China
| | - Hualan Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Huai'ai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Collage Huai'an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Huai'ai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical Collage Huai'an, China
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Puerarin Inhibits oxLDL-Induced Macrophage Activation and Foam Cell Formation in Human THP1 Macrophage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:403616. [PMID: 26576421 PMCID: PMC4631854 DOI: 10.1155/2015/403616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavone derived from Kudzu roots, has been widely used for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases in China and other Asian countries. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study investigated whether puerarin inhibited atherogenic lipid oxLDL-mediated macrophage activation and foam cell formation in human THP1 macrophage. Treatment with oxLDL significantly increased the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα, 160%) and interleukin (IL) 1β (13 fold) accompanied by upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, 165%) and the ratio of phospho-IκBα/IκBα in THP1 macrophage. Puerarin dose-dependently prevented an increase in oxLDL-induced proinflammatory gene expression with downregulation of TLR4 and the ratio of phospho-IκBα/IκBα. Furthermore, puerarin prevented oxLDL-mediated lipid deposition and foam cell formation associated with downregulation of scavenger receptor CD36. Flow cytometry analysis showed that puerarin reduced the number of early apoptotic cells of macrophages induced by oxLDL. Our results show that puerarin has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects in vitro; the underlying mechanisms may involve the inhibition of TLR4/NFκB pathway and downregulation of CD36 expression. The results from the present study provide scientific evidence and may expand our armamentarium to use puerarin for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and atherosclerotic diseases.
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24
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Nian Q, Zhang Z, Wei C, Kuang X, Wang X, Wang L. Gene expression profiling in myelodysplastic syndrome after SPARC overexpression associated with Ara-C. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2072-82. [PMID: 26238482 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is involved in many biological processes, including erythropoiesis and cell proliferation. However, the role of SPARC in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains to be elucidated. Pyrimidine analogue cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is among the most effective agents used in the treatment of acute leukemia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the chemotherapeutic activity of Ara-C was enhanced by the overexpression of SPARC. DNA microarray technology and RNA sequencing were employed to examine differential gene expression in the apoptosis signaling pathway after gene change occurred in cells following drug treatment. The results showed that upregulation of the expression of SPARC induced SKM-1 cell death and inhibited proliferation. Additionally, the apoptotic rate of SPARC overexpression combined with Ara-C increased significantly. Transcription factors CPBP and ZNF333 regulated the 69 genes and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related genes in the DNA microarray results were increased. These results suggest that SPARC expression changes with Ara-C, revealing a possible application in the treatment of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Nian
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xingyi Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xingyong Wang
- Department of Emergency, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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25
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Huffman JC, Beale EE, Beach SR, Celano CM, Belcher AM, Moore SV, Suarez L, Gandhi PU, Motiwala SR, Gaggin H, Januzzi JL. Design and baseline data from the Gratitude Research in Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) study. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 44:11-19. [PMID: 26166171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive psychological constructs, especially optimism, have been linked with superior cardiovascular health. However, there has been minimal study of positive constructs in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), despite the prevalence and importance of this condition. Furthermore, few studies have examined multiple positive psychological constructs and multiple cardiac-related outcomes within the same cohort to determine specifically which positive construct may affect a particular cardiac outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Gratitude Research in Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) study examines the association between optimism/gratitude 2weeks post-ACS and subsequent clinical outcomes. The primary outcome measure is physical activity at 6months, measured via accelerometer, and key secondary outcome measures include levels of prognostic biomarkers and rates of nonelective cardiac rehospitalization at 6months. These relationships will be analyzed using multivariable linear regression, controlling for sociodemographic, medical, and negative psychological factors; associations between baseline positive constructs and subsequent rehospitalizations will be assessed via Cox regression. RESULTS Overall, 164 participants enrolled and completed the baseline 2-week assessment; the cohort had a mean age of 61.5+/?10.5years and was 84% men; this was the first ACS for 58% of participants. CONCLUSION The GRACE study will determine whether optimism and gratitude are prospectively and independently associated with physical activity and other critical outcomes in the 6months following an ACS. If these constructs are associated with superior outcomes, this may highlight the importance of these constructs as independent prognostic factors post-ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C Huffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Eleanor E Beale
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott R Beach
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher M Celano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arianna M Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shannon V Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Suarez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Parul U Gandhi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shweta R Motiwala
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanna Gaggin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James L Januzzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Page MM, Watts GF. Emerging PCSK9 inhibitors for treating dyslipidaemia: buttressing the gaps in coronary prevention. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:299-312. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1035709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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