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Zhao D, Long X, Wang J. Association of dietary vitamin C intake with depression in adults: A cross-sectional study of NHANES from 2005 to 2020. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:113-120. [PMID: 38710330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin C intake and depression in adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2005 to 2020. Logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to assess the association between dietary vitamin C intake and depression. Additionally, we performed stratified and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the stability of the results. RESULTS This study included 38,157 participants, with 3448 (9.04 %) of them experiencing depression. The vitamin C intake was negatively associated with depression after adjusting for all covariates (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.88-0.94, P < 0.001). Similar inverse associations were observed when vitamin C intake was transformed into categorical variables. Individuals in higher quartiles of dietary vitamin C intake (Q2, Q3, and Q4) had lower odds ratios (ORs) compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1), as indicated by adjusted ORs of 0.78 (95 % CI: 0.71-0.87, P < 0.001), 0.74 (95 % CI: 0.67-0.82, P < 0.001), and 0.73 (95 % CI: 0.65-0.81, P < 0.001), respectively. The RCS analysis found an L-shaped nonlinear relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and depression, after adjusting for all covariates (P for non-linearity<0.001). Consumption of vitamin C was inversely associated with depression (OR = 0.994, 95%CI: 0.993-0.996, P < 0.001) for intakes below 93.61 mg, but there was no association between dietary vitamin C intake and depression (P = 0.980) for intakes of 93.61 mg or higher. The inverse associations between vitamin C intake and depression remained robust in stratified and sensitivity analyses. LIMITATIONS This study was a cross-sectional study, and therefore unable to establish a causal relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and depression. We are unable to fully eliminate the confounding effects resulted from other unmeasured or unknown factors. CONCLUSION The study revealed a negative association between dietary vitamin C intake and depression, as well as an L-shaped nonlinear relationship between vitamin C intake and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Long
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, People's Republic of China
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2
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Margedari P, Goudarzi I, Sepehri H. The protective role of prenatal administration of ascorbic acid on autistic-like behavior in a rat model of autism. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:78-85. [PMID: 38274439 PMCID: PMC10809097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autism is a complicated neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by several behavioral impairments. The pathology of autism is complex and not fully known. Several recent studies have shown alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in autism. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that is present in high concentrations in the brain and acts as a neuromodulator. Prefrontal abnormality has been hypothesized to underlie autistic symptoms. The present study investigated the protective effect of prenatally Vitamin C on autistic-like behaviors, oxidative stress status, and histopathological change of prefrontal in valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. Method The model of autism was induced by subcutaneous administration of Valproic acid (600 mg/kg) to pregnant rats at gestational day 12.5. Vitamin C was administered 600 mg/L in drinking water from the 5th day of gestaion (GD5) up to postnatal day 23 (PND23). Thirty-two rat offspring were divided into four groups: Control, Vitamin C, VPA, and Vitamin C + VPA. The offspring were tested for repetitive behaviors and cognitive ability with a Y-maze task and social interaction with a play behavior task on 31st of Postnatal days. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the histological change in the prefrontal lobe were assessed at the end of the study. The number of neurons from the left prefrontal lobe was counted in duplicate from slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Results In the Y-maze apparatus, spontaneous alteration significantly decreased in the prenatal VPA treated rats compared to control rats showing autistic-like behavior; pre and postnatal Vitamin C treatment increased the alternation indicated benefit effect of Vitamin C. Prenatal VPA treatment impaired play behavior such as sniffing, grooming and darting. Vitamin C treatment attenuated the problems in male offspring social behavior. Histological examination showed an increase in the number of cells in the prefrontal cortex of valproic acid offspring rats compared to other groups. Moreover, prenatal VPA decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in the cortex (PFC) attenuated by Vitamin C administration. Conclusion The present study showed that valproic acid induced oxidative stress and neural changes in the prefrontal lobe when administered prenatally which in turn may cause the development of some autistic-like behaviors, and vitamin C may reduce this symptom with its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iran Goudarzi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Sil BK, Jamiruddin MR, Haq MA, Aekwattanaphol N, K PA, Salendra L, Paliwal H, Paul PK, Buatong W, Srichana T. Nanolevel of detection of ascorbic acid using horse-radish peroxidase inhibition assay. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30715. [PMID: 38774337 PMCID: PMC11107213 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid plays a significant role in regulation of various bodily functions with high concentrations in immune cells and being involved in connective tissue maintenance. Commonly it is detected through various colorimetric methods. In this study, we propose a one-step simple method based on the inhibitory activity of ascorbic acid on horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The detection is observed by colorimetric changes to TMB (3,3',5,5' tetramethylbenzidine). The enzyme inhibition unit was optimized with a high level of linearity (r2 = 0.9999) and the level of detection and level of quantification were found to be 1.35 nM and 4.08 nM, respectively with higher sensitive compared to the HPLC method (11 μM). Both intra and inter-assays showed high correlations at different AA concentrations. (r2 > 0.9999). Similar results were also observed for vitamin C tablets, ascorbate salts, fruits, and market products (r2 = 0.999). There was negligible effect of interference by citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acids, and glucose with high recoveries (>98%) at 1 mg/mL to 0.0078 mg/mL concentration ranges. The recovery error (RE%) was found to be less than 10%. Our detection method is distinguished by its simplicity, nano-level of detection, reproducibility, and potential application and adaptability as a point-of-use test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijon Kumar Sil
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Mohd Raeed Jamiruddin
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, KHA 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Progati Sarani, Merul Badda, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Lab, Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Nattanit Aekwattanaphol
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Prem Ananth K
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Limbadri Salendra
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Himanshu Paliwal
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Pijush Kumar Paul
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Wilaiporn Buatong
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Atif AN, Hatefi A, Arven A, Foroumadi A, Kadkhodaei S, Sadjadi A, Siavoshi F. Consumption of non-antibacterial drugs may have negative impact on Helicobacter pylori colonization in the stomach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27327. [PMID: 38495192 PMCID: PMC10943393 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nineteen non-antibacterials were examined to show that their consumption for treatment of other diseases may inhibit Helicobacter pylori. Four antibiotics were used for comparison. Materials and methods Agar dilution method was used to examine the susceptibility of 20 H. pylori isolates to 4 antibiotics; metronidazole (MTZ), clarithromycin (CLR), amoxicillin (AMX), tetracycline (TET) and 19 non-antibacterials; proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-blockers, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), antifungals, statins, acetaminophen (ACE), aspirin (ASA), B-vitamins (B-Vits; Vit B1, Vit B6 and Vit Bcomplex) and vitamin C (Vit C). Blood agar plates were prepared with different concentrations of drugs and spot-inoculated with bacterial suspensions. Plates were incubated at 37 °C under microaerobic conditions and examined after 3-5 days. The isolate #20 that was mucoid and resistant to 19 drugs, including MTZ and SMV was tested against combined MTZ (8 μg/mL) and SMV (100 μg/mL). Results were analyzed statistically. Results Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, μg/mL) of drugs and the frequency of susceptible H. pylori were determined as MTZ (8, 80%), CLR (2, 90%), AMX (1, 100%), TET (0.5, 70%), PPIs (8-128, 80%), H2-blockers (2000-8000, 75-80%), BSS (15, 85%), antifungals (64-256, 30-80%), statins (100-250, 35-90%), ACE (40, 75%), ASA (800, 75%), B-Vits (5000-20000, 80-100%) and Vit C (2048, 85%). Susceptibility of H. pylori isolates to 16 out of 19 non-antimicrobials (75-100%) was almost similar to those of antibiotics (70-100%) (P-value >0.05). The highest susceptibility rate (100%) belonged to Vit B1, Vit B6 and AMX. Out of 20 H. pylori isolates, 17 (85%) were susceptible to ≥13 non-antimicrobials and 3 (15%) were susceptible to < 13 (P-value <0.05). Mucoid H. pylori showed susceptibility to combination of MTZ and SMV. Conclusions Most of non-antibacterials inhibited H. pylori isolates, similar to antibiotics but their MICs exceeded those of antibiotics and their plasma concentrations. At low plasma concentration, non-antimicrobials may act as weak antibacterials, antibiotic adjuvants and immunostimulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nazar Atif
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Atousa Hatefi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadullah Arven
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Daykundi University, Nilli, Afghanistan
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design & Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kadkhodaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadjadi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Siavoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Yazarlou F, Alizadeh F, Lipovich L, Giordo R, Ghafouri-Fard S. Tracing vitamins on the long non-coding lane of the transcriptome: vitamin regulation of LncRNAs. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38475720 PMCID: PMC10935982 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A major revelation of genome-scale biological studies in the post-genomic era has been that two-thirds of human genes do not encode proteins. The majority of non-coding RNA transcripts in humans are long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecules, non-protein-coding regulatory transcripts with sizes greater than 500 nucleotides. LncRNAs are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular physiology, playing fundamental regulatory roles both in normal cells and in disease. As result, they are functionally linked to multiple human diseases, from cancer to autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurological disorders. Numerous human conditions and diseases stem from gene-environment interactions; in this regard, a wealth of reports demonstrate that the intake of specific and essential nutrients, including vitamins, shapes our transcriptome, with corresponding impacts on health. Vitamins command a vast array of biological activities, acting as coenzymes, antioxidants, hormones, and regulating cellular proliferation and coagulation. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamins and lncRNAs are interconnected through several regulatory axes. This type of interaction is expected, since lncRNA has been implicated in sensing the environment in eukaryotes, conceptually similar to riboswitches and other RNAs that act as molecular sensors in prokaryotes. In this review, we summarize the peer-reviewed literature to date that has reported specific functional linkages between vitamins and lncRNAs, with an emphasis on mammalian models and humans, while providing a brief overview of the source, metabolism, and function of the vitamins most frequently investigated within the context of lncRNA molecular mechanisms, and discussing the published research findings that document specific connections between vitamins and lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yazarlou
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Box 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatemeh Alizadeh
- Department of Genomic Psychiatry and Behavioral Genomics (DGPBG), Roozbeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Shenzhen Huayuan Biological Science Research Institute, Shenzhen Huayuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., 601 Building C1, Guangming Science Park, Fenghuang Street, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 3222 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Box 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Sandeep, Subba R, Mondal AC. Does COVID-19 Trigger the Risk for the Development of Parkinson's Disease? Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin C. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03756-3. [PMID: 37957424 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was proclaimed a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. There is mounting evidence that older patients with multimorbidity are more susceptible to COVID-19 complications than are younger, healthy people. Having neuroinvasive potential, SARS-CoV-2 infection may increase susceptibility toward the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with extensive motor deficits. PD is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dorsal striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the nigrostriatal pathway in the brain. Increasing reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with the worsening of motor and non-motor symptoms with high rates of hospitalization and mortality in PD patients. Common pathological changes in both diseases involve oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. COVID-19 exacerbates the damage ensuing from the dysregulation of those processes, furthering neurological complications, and increasing the severity of PD symptomatology. Phytochemicals have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Vitamin C supplementation is found to ameliorate the common pathological changes in both diseases to some extent. This review aims to present the available evidence on the association between COVID-19 and PD, and discusses the therapeutic potential of vitamin C for its better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rhea Subba
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Lucas-Torres C, Caradeuc C, Prieur L, Djemai H, Youssef L, Noirez P, Coumoul X, Audouze K, Giraud N, Bertho G. NMR metabolomics study of chronic low-dose exposure to a cocktail of persistent organic pollutants. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e5006. [PMID: 37524504 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), is one of the most critical threats to public health. EDCs are chemicals that mimic, block, or interfere with hormones in the body's endocrine system and have been associated with a wide range of health issues. This innovative, untargeted metabolomics study investigates chronic low-dose internal exposure to a cocktail of POPs on multiple tissues that are known to accumulate these lipophilic compounds. Interestingly, the metabolic response differs among selected tissues/organs in mice. In the liver, we observed a dynamic effect according to the exposure time and the doses of POPs. In the brain tissue, the situation is the opposite, leading to the conclusion that the presence of POPs immediately gives a saturated effect that is independent of the dose and the duration of exposure studied. By contrast, for the adipose tissues, nearly no effect is observed. This metabolic profiling leads to a holistic and dynamic overview of the main metabolic pathways impacted in lipophilic tissues by a cocktail of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covadonga Lucas-Torres
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Caradeuc
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Prieur
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Haidar Djemai
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Layale Youssef
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Performance, Santé, Métrologie, Société (PSMS), UFR STAPS, Campus Moulin de la Housse, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karine Audouze
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling & Biomarkers (T3S), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gildas Bertho
- CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Ajayi AF, Onaolapo MC, Omole AI, Adeyemi WJ, Oluwole DT. Mechanism associated with changes in male reproductive functions during ageing process. Exp Gerontol 2023; 179:112232. [PMID: 37315721 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a natural process with physiological changes in different body parts and has been associated with decreased reproductive capacity. Factors such as imbalance in the antioxidant defence system, vascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, accessory reproductive glands infection, obesity as well as buildup of toxic substances play a role in age-related male reproductive malfunction. Age is inversely proportional to volume of semen, sperm count, sperm progressive motility, sperm viability, normal sperm morphology. The observed negative correlation between ageing and semen indices contributes to male infertility and reproductive decline. Normal levels of ROS, plays crucial role in facilitating sperm function, such as capacitation, hyper-activation, acrosome reaction as well as sperm-oocyte fusion; however, a substantial elevation in the endogenous level of ROS, especially in reproductive tissues, usually instigates destruction of sperm cells and heightened male infertility. Contrarily, antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and micronutrients like zinc and folate, have been found by researchers to facilitate normal semen quality and male reproductive function. Furthermore, the role of hormonal imbalance as a result of the compromised hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, Sertoli and Leydig cells disorder, and nitric oxide-medicated erectile dysfunction during ageing cannot be undermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Ayomide Isaac Omole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - David Tolulope Oluwole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria
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Pereira A, Adekunle RD, Zaman M, Wan MJ. Association Between Vitamin Deficiencies and Ophthalmological Conditions. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:2045-2062. [PMID: 37489231 PMCID: PMC10363387 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s401262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiencies can have adverse effects on health, including on the visual system. The ocular manifestations of a vitamin deficiency are related to the underlying biochemical function of the particular nutrient. While vitamin deficiencies are not common in developed counties, they are still prevalent in parts of the developing world and in specific, vulnerable populations. Vitamin deficiencies can cause or contribute to many ophthalmological conditions and eye diseases may even be the first presenting finding of a vitamin deficiency. As such, it is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of the ocular manifestations of vitamin deficiencies, especially given that the complications can be severe and effectively treated if identified early. This review summarizes the literature on the main vitamins known to have characteristic ocular manifestations: vitamins A, B1, B2, B9, B12, C, D, E and K. The function, epidemiology, manifestations, workup, and management of each vitamin is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pereira
- University of Toronto Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Damilola Adekunle
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Michele Zaman
- Queen’s School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Wan
- University of Toronto Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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He X, Wei Y, Wu J, Wang Q, Bergholz JS, Gu H, Zou J, Lin S, Wang W, Xie S, Jiang T, Lee J, Asara JM, Zhang K, Cantley LC, Zhao JJ. Lysine vitcylation is a novel vitamin C-derived protein modification that enhances STAT1-mediated immune response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546774. [PMID: 37425798 PMCID: PMC10327172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (vitC) is a vital nutrient for health and also used as a therapeutic agent in diseases such as cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying vitC's effects remain elusive. Here we report that vitC directly modifies lysine without enzymes to form vitcyl-lysine, termed "vitcylation", in a dose-, pH-, and sequence-dependent manner across diverse proteins in cells. We further discover that vitC vitcylates K298 site of STAT1, which impairs its interaction with the phosphatase PTPN2, preventing STAT1 Y701 dephosphorylation and leading to increased STAT1-mediated IFN pathway activation in tumor cells. As a result, these cells have increased MHC/HLA class-I expression and activate immune cells in co-cultures. Tumors collected from vitC-treated tumor-bearing mice have enhanced vitcylation, STAT1 phosphorylation and antigen presentation. The identification of vitcylation as a novel PTM and the characterization of its effect in tumor cells opens a new avenue for understanding vitC in cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and therapeutics.
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Jena AB, Samal RR, Bhol NK, Duttaroy AK. Cellular Red-Ox system in health and disease: The latest update. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114606. [PMID: 36989716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are continually exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cellular metabolism. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy are biological processes involving a feedback cycle that causes ROS molecules to induce oxidative stress. To adapt to ROS exposure, living cells develop various defense mechanisms to neutralize and use ROS as a signaling molecule. The cellular redox networks combine signaling pathways that regulate cell metabolism, energy, cell survival, and cell death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are essential antioxidant enzymes that are required for scavenging ROS in various cell compartments and response to stressful situations. Among the non-enzymatic defenses, vitamin C, glutathione (GSH), polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamin E, etc., are also essential. This review article describes how ROS are produced as byproducts of oxidation/reduction (redox) processes and how the antioxidants defense system is directly or indirectly engaged in scavenging ROS. In addition, we used computational methods to determine the comparative profile of binding energies of several antioxidants with antioxidant enzymes. The computational analysis demonstrates that antioxidants with a high affinity for antioxidant enzymes regulate their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atala Bihari Jena
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rashmi Rekha Samal
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, India
| | - Nitish Kumar Bhol
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Antioxidants: an approach for restricting oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:717-730. [PMID: 36933175 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. Oxidative stress contributes towards induction of neurodegeneration. It is one of the reasons behind initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding of oxidative balance and restoration of oxidative stress has demonstrated its effectiveness in the management of AD. Various natural and synthetic molecules have been found to be effective in different models of AD. Some clinical studies also support the use of antioxidants for prevention of neurodegeneration in AD. In this review we are summarizing the development of antioxidants to restrict oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration in AD.
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13
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Šola I, Davosir D, Kokić E, Zekirovski J. Effect of Hot- and Cold-Water Treatment on Broccoli Bioactive Compounds, Oxidative Stress Parameters and Biological Effects of Their Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1135. [PMID: 36903996 PMCID: PMC10005114 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to define resistant and susceptible variables of young broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) plants treated with cold and hot water. Additionally, we wanted to single out variables that could potentially be used as biomarkers of cold/hot-water stress in broccoli. Hot water changed more variables (72%) of young broccoli than cold water (24%) treatment. Hot water increased the concentration of vitamin C for 33%, hydrogen peroxide for 10%, malondialdehyde for 28%, and proline for 147%. Extracts of broccoli stressed with hot water were significantly more efficient in the inhibition of α-glucosidase (65.85 ± 4.85% compared to 52.00 ± 5.16% of control plants), while those of cold-water-stressed broccoli were more efficient in the inhibition of α-amylase (19.85 ± 2.70% compared to 13.26 ± 2.36% of control plants). Total glucosinolates and soluble sugars were affected by hot and cold water in an opposite way, which is why they could be used as biomarkers of hot/cold-water stress in broccoli. The possibility of using temperature stress to grow broccoli enriched with compounds of interest to human health should be further investigated.
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14
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Ku Md. Saad S, Khalid K, Glackin S. Fatigue, bleeding tendency and osteoporosis in an adolescent: a diagnostic conundrum. Oxf Med Case Reports 2023; 2023:omad015. [PMID: 36860957 PMCID: PMC9969819 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Scurvy is a rare nutritional deficiency, particularly in developed nations. Sporadic cases are still reported, particularly among alcoholics and malnourished. Herein we present an unusual case of a previously healthy 15-year-old Caucasian girl, who was recently hospitalized for low velocity spine fractures, back pain and stiffness over several months and rash for 2 years. She was later diagnosed with scurvy and osteoporosis. Dietary modifications were instituted together with supplementary vitamin C, supportive treatment with regular dietician review and physiotherapy. Gradual clinical recovery was seen over the course of therapy. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing scurvy even among low-risk populations to ensure prompt and effective clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karniza Khalid
- Correspondence address. Endocrine Unit, Specialised Diagnostic Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail:
| | - Sinead Glackin
- Department of Paediatrics, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland
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15
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Zuo K, Xu Q, Wang Y, Sui Y, Niu Y, Liu Z, Liu M, Liu X, Liu D, Sun W, Wang Z, Liu X, Liu J. L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate Attenuates Methylmercury-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and DNA Damage in Human SH-SY5Y Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:144. [PMID: 36851019 PMCID: PMC9967424 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxin that causes severe neuronal oxidative damage. As vitamin C is an antioxidant well-known to protect neurons from oxidative damage, our goal was to elucidate its protective mechanism against MeHg-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastomas (SHSY5Y). We treated cells with MeHg, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P), or both, and used MTT, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses to assess cell damage. We found that MeHg significantly decreased the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, increased apoptosis, downregulated PAR and PARP1 expression, and upregulated AIF, Cyto C, and cleaved Caspase-3 expression. A time course study showed that MeHg increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; enhanced apoptosis; increased DNA damage; upregulated expression ofγH2A.X, KU70, 67 and 57 kDa AIF, CytoC, and cleaved Caspase-3; and downregulated expression of 116 kDa PARP1, PAR, BRAC1, and Rad51. Supplementation with AA2P significantly increased cell viability and decreased intrinsic ROS accumulation. It also reduced ROS accumulation in cells treated with MeHg and decreased MeHg-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, AA2P conversely regulated gene expression compared to MeHg. Collectively, we demonstrate that AA2P attenuates MeHg-induced apoptosis by alleviating ROS-mediated DNA damage and is a potential treatment for MeHg neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyang Zuo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yutong Sui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ye Niu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zinan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinpeng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
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16
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Rahnemayan S, Ahari SG, Rikhtegar R, Riyahifar S, Sanaie S. An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis on the role of vitamins in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:69-83. [PMID: 35920987 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This umbrella review aimed to systematically review the available literature and assess the association of dietary intake or serum levels of different vitamins and the risk of PD, to help find out more efficient treatments for PD patients by replenishing the deficiency of vitamins. METHODS Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and hand searching bibliographies of retrieved articles in duplicate, were used to detect all relevant meta-analyses investigating the relationship between vitamins and PD. After study selection, data were extracted from previously published meta-analyses and pooled by Review Manager version 5.4 and CMA software version 2.2.064 to achieve effect sizes. Level of statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS 14 meta-analyses were included in the meta-review. Serum vitamin D and B12 levels were significantly lower in PD (SMD = -0.67 and SMD = -0.40 respectively). Homocysteine (Hcy) levels were significantly higher in PD patients (SMD = 1.26). Also the odds ratio for highest vs. lowest vitamin E intake was 0.73 which was significant. However, there was no significant difference between vitamin A, C and B6 intake or serum levels in PD vs. control groups. CONCLUSION Serum vitamin D and B12 levels were significantly lower in PD in comparison to healthy individuals, while Hcy level was significantly higher in PD patients. Also higher vitamin E intake was associated with significantly lower risk of development of PD in comparison to lower vitamin E intake. However, there was no significant difference between risk of PD and higher vitamin A, C and B6 intake or serum levels of folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Rahnemayan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rikhtegar
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sevda Riyahifar
- Department of Biostatics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Hill A, Starchl C, Dresen E, Stoppe C, Amrein K. An update of the effects of vitamins D and C in critical illness. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1083760. [PMID: 36726354 PMCID: PMC9885715 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1083760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many critically ill patients are vitamin D and vitamin C deficient and the current international guidelines state that hypovitaminoses should be compensated. However, uncertainty about optimal dosage, timing and indication exists in clinical routine, mainly due to the conflicting evidence. This narrative review discusses both micronutrients with regards to pathophysiology, clinical evidence of benefits, potential risks, and guideline recommendations. Evidence generated from the most recent clinical trials are summarized and discussed. In addition, pragmatic tips for the application of these vitamins in the clinical routine are given. The supplementations of vitamin D and C represent cost-effective and simple interventions with excellent safety profiles. Regarding vitamin D, critically ill individuals require a loading dose to improve 25(OH)D levels within a few days, followed by a daily or weekly maintenance dose, usually higher doses than healthy individuals are needed. For vitamin C, dosages of 100-200 mg/d are recommended for patients receiving parenteral nutrition, but needs may be as high as 2-3 g/d in acutely ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Hill
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,*Correspondence: Aileen Hill,
| | - Christina Starchl
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Dresen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency, and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency, and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Amrein
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria,Karin Amrein,
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18
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Dodevska T, Hadzhiev D, Shterev I. A Review on Electrochemical Microsensors for Ascorbic Acid Detection: Clinical, Pharmaceutical, and Food Safety Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:mi14010041. [PMID: 36677102 PMCID: PMC9864818 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, micro-sized sensors have become a hot topic in electroanalysis. Because of their excellent analytical features, microelectrodes are well-accepted tools for clinical, pharmaceutical, food safety, and environmental applications. In this brief review, we highlight the state-of-art electrochemical non-enzymatic microsensors for quantitative detection of ascorbic acid (also known as vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring water-soluble organic compound with antioxidant properties and its quantitative determination in biological fluids, foods, cosmetics, etc., using electrochemical microsensors is of wide interest. Various electrochemical techniques have been applied to detect ascorbic acid with extremely high sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and reliability, and apply to in vivo measurements. This review paper aims to give readers a clear view of advances in areas of electrode modification, successful strategies for signal amplification, and miniaturization techniques used in the electroanalytical devices for ascorbic acid. In conclusion, current challenges related to the microelectrodes design, and future perspectives are outlined.
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19
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Nguyen AD, McMahan ZH, Volkmann ER. Micronutrient Deficiencies in Systemic Sclerosis: A Scoping Review. Open Access Rheumatol 2022; 14:309-327. [PMID: 36571105 PMCID: PMC9769137 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s354736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The primary aim is to identify the micronutrient deficiencies commonly reported in SSc. The exploratory aim is to evaluate associations between micronutrient deficiencies and SSc clinical manifestations. Patient and Methods We conducted a scoping review of all published reports on SSc and nutrition in PubMed from its inception to August 2020. Clinical trials, observational studies, meta-analyses, and case series (with ≥20 cases) containing data on nutritional deficiency and SSc were included. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for reporting our findings. Two reviewers (ADN and ERV) studied the titles and abstracts of all search results with pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Among 790 retrieved publications, 35 full-length articles and 3 abstracts met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included studies took place across multiple geographic locations and included patients with both diffuse and limited cutaneous SSc. Vitamin D deficiency was the most commonly reported deficiency described in SSc, followed by vitamin B12, vitamin B9, selenium, zinc, and iron. In addition, some small studies found deficiencies in vitamins B1, B6, C, E, and A. While some studies reported associations between specific micronutrient deficiencies and SSc disease features (eg, interstitial lung disease was commonly associated with vitamin D deficiency and elevated homocysteine [Hcy]), the evidence to support these associations was not robust. Conclusion Micronutrient deficiencies are common in SSc and are associated with specific SSc features. Routine screening for micronutrient deficiencies may lead to early detection of malnutrition. Future studies are needed to understand how interventions to replete micronutrient deficiencies affect patient outcomes in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey D Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna H McMahan
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Volkmann
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Correspondence: Elizabeth R Volkmann, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 1000 Veteran Ave, Ste 32-59, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA, Tel +1 310-825-2448, Email
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20
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Duque P, Vieira CP, Bastos B, Vieira J. The evolution of vitamin C biosynthesis and transport in animals. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:84. [PMID: 35752765 PMCID: PMC9233358 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin C (VC) is an indispensable antioxidant and co-factor for optimal function and development of eukaryotic cells. In animals, VC can be synthesized by the organism, acquired through the diet, or both. In the single VC synthesis pathway described in animals, the penultimate step is catalysed by Regucalcin, and the last step by l-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO). The GULO gene has been implicated in VC synthesis only, while Regucalcin has been shown to have multiple functions in mammals. Results Both GULO and Regucalcin can be found in non-bilaterian, protostome and deuterostome species. Regucalcin, as here shown, is involved in multiple functions such as VC synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and the oxidative stress response in both Deuterostomes and Protostomes, and in insects in receptor-mediated uptake of hexamerin storage proteins from haemolymph. In Insecta and Nematoda, however, there is no GULO gene, and in the latter no Regucalcin gene, but species from these lineages are still able to synthesize VC, implying at least one novel synthesis pathway. In vertebrates, SVCT1, a gene that belongs to a family with up to five members, as here shown, is the only gene involved in the uptake of VC in the gut. This specificity is likely the result of a subfunctionalization event that happened at the base of the Craniata subphylum. SVCT-like genes present in non-Vertebrate animals are likely involved in both VC and nucleobase transport. It is also shown that in lineages where GULO has been lost, SVCT1 is now an essential gene, while in lineages where SVCT1 gene has been lost, GULO is now an essential gene. Conclusions The simultaneous study, for the first time, of GULO, Regucalcin and SVCTs evolution provides a clear picture of VC synthesis/acquisition and reveals very different selective pressures in different animal taxonomic groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02040-7.
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21
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Komal, Kumar J, Sen A. The Role of Vitamin C: From Prevention of Pneumonia to Treatment of Covid-19. MATERIALS TODAY. PROCEEDINGS 2022:S2214-7853(22)07064-X. [PMID: 36415746 PMCID: PMC9671798 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins are the main components of our diet. In our nutrition 14 vitamins are present namely A, B1 (Thiamine), B6(Pyridoxine), B12(Cyanocobalamin), C, D, E, K, niacin, folacin, choline, pantothenic acid and biotin. The main role of it is in treating common diseases like cold. Vitamin C's role in treating pneumonia or Sepsis /Septicemia has been underway for many decades. A great benefit in decreasing the duration of cold is by injecting heavy dose of ascorbic acid. So, at high dose/ risk of injection like it may be obese, diabetes, and the elderly. Vitamin C always acts as an antioxidant that can help to prevent our cells from getting any harm. Recently injection of vitamin C was used in treatment of Covid-19 patients. In this review we have primarily discussed its effects on the immune system and the treatment of pneumonia disorders using vitamin C. At the beginning we have discussed the bio-avalibility of vitamin-C followed by the synthesis of it by plants and animals and then the dietary allowance to be followed for vitamin C regularly. The level of vitamin C is very low in people having pneumonia and those with low immunity are being effected by COVID-19 virus. Kiwi is the main source of vitamin C. Preliminary observational studies show that critically sick individuals use vitamin C for the prevention of the pneumonia to the treatment of the virus COVID-19 by increasing the vitamin C levels in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jagdeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Adrish Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
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22
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Kumar J, Sen A. The Role of Vitamin C: From Prevention of Pneumonia to Treatment of Covid-19. MATERIALS TODAY. PROCEEDINGS 2022; 78:849-857. [PMID: 36415746 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vitamins are the main components of our diet. In our nutrition 14 vitamins are present namely A, B1 (Thiamine), B6(Pyridoxine), B12(Cyanocobalamin), C, D, E, K, niacin, folacin, choline, pantothenic acid and biotin. The main role of it is in treating common diseases like cold. Vitamin C's role in treating pneumonia or Sepsis /Septicemia has been underway for many decades. A great benefit in decreasing the duration of cold is by injecting heavy dose of ascorbic acid. So, at high dose/ risk of injection like it may be obese, diabetes, and the elderly. Vitamin C always acts as an antioxidant that can help to prevent our cells from getting any harm. Recently injection of vitamin C was used in treatment of Covid-19 patients. In this review we have primarily discussed its effects on the immune system and the treatment of pneumonia disorders using vitamin C. At the beginning we have discussed the bio-avalibility of vitamin-C followed by the synthesis of it by plants and animals and then the dietary allowance to be followed for vitamin C regularly. The level of vitamin C is very low in people having pneumonia and those with low immunity are being effected by COVID-19 virus. Kiwi is the main source of vitamin C. Preliminary observational studies show that critically sick individuals use vitamin C for the prevention of the pneumonia to the treatment of the virus COVID-19 by increasing the vitamin C levels in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Adrish Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
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23
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Qi X, Jha SK, Jha NK, Dewanjee S, Dey A, Deka R, Pritam P, Ramgopal K, Liu W, Hou K. Antioxidants in brain tumors: current therapeutic significance and future prospects. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:204. [PMID: 36307808 PMCID: PMC9615186 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is regarded among the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. The distinct tumor microenvironment and inherent characteristics of brain tumor cells virtually render them resistant to the majority of conventional and advanced therapies. Oxidative stress (OS) is a key disruptor of normal brain homeostasis and is involved in carcinogenesis of different forms of brain cancers. Thus, antioxidants may inhibit tumorigenesis by preventing OS induced by various oncogenic factors. Antioxidants are hypothesized to inhibit cancer initiation by endorsing DNA repair and suppressing cancer progression by creating an energy crisis for preneoplastic cells, resulting in antiproliferative effects. These effects are referred to as chemopreventive effects mediated by an antioxidant mechanism. In addition, antioxidants minimize chemotherapy-induced nonspecific organ toxicity and prolong survival. Antioxidants also support the prooxidant chemistry that demonstrate chemotherapeutic potential, particularly at high or pharmacological doses and trigger OS by promoting free radical production, which is essential for activating cell death pathways. A growing body of evidence also revealed the roles of exogenous antioxidants as adjuvants and their ability to reverse chemoresistance. In this review, we explain the influences of different exogenous and endogenous antioxidants on brain cancers with reference to their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic roles. The role of antioxidants on metabolic reprogramming and their influence on downstream signaling events induced by tumor suppressor gene mutations are critically discussed. Finally, the review hypothesized that both pro- and antioxidant roles are involved in the anticancer mechanisms of the antioxidant molecules by killing neoplastic cells and inhibiting tumor recurrence followed by conventional cancer treatments. The requirements of pro- and antioxidant effects of exogenous antioxidants in brain tumor treatment under different conditions are critically discussed along with the reasons behind the conflicting outcomes in different reports. Finally, we also mention the influencing factors that regulate the pharmacology of the exogenous antioxidants in brain cancer treatment. In conclusion, to achieve consistent clinical outcomes with antioxidant treatments in brain cancers, rigorous mechanistic studies are required with respect to the types, forms, and stages of brain tumors. The concomitant treatment regimens also need adequate consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India. .,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Rahul Deka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Pingal Pritam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Kritika Ramgopal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Weiting Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Kaijian Hou
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515000, Guangdong, China.
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Advances in Novel Animal Vitamin C Biosynthesis Pathways and the Role of Prokaryote-Based Inferences to Understand Their Origin. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101917. [PMID: 36292802 PMCID: PMC9602106 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is an essential nutrient required for the optimal function and development of many organisms. VC has been studied for many decades, and still today, the characterization of its functions is a dynamic scientific field, mainly because of its commercial and therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss, in a comparative way, the increasing evidence for alternative VC synthesis pathways in insects and nematodes, and the potential of myo-inositol as a possible substrate for this metabolic process in metazoans. Methodological approaches that may be useful for the future characterization of the VC synthesis pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster are here discussed. We also summarize the current distribution of the eukaryote aldonolactone oxidoreductases gene lineages, while highlighting the added value of studies on prokaryote species that are likely able to synthesize VC for both the characterization of novel VC synthesis pathways and inferences on the complex evolutionary history of such pathways. Such work may help improve the industrial production of VC.
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Phadke I, Pouzolles M, Machado A, Moraly J, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Zimmermann VS, Kinet S, Levine M, Violet PC, Taylor N. Vitamin C deficiency reveals developmental differences between neonatal and adult hematopoiesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898827. [PMID: 36248829 PMCID: PMC9562198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, a process that results in the differentiation of all blood lineages, is essential throughout life. The production of 1x1012 blood cells per day, including 200x109 erythrocytes, is highly dependent on nutrient consumption. Notably though, the relative requirements for micronutrients during the perinatal period, a critical developmental window for immune cell and erythrocyte differentiation, have not been extensively studied. More specifically, the impact of the vitamin C/ascorbate micronutrient on perinatal as compared to adult hematopoiesis has been difficult to assess in animal models. Even though humans cannot synthesize ascorbate, due to a pseudogenization of the L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase (GULO) gene, its generation from glucose is an ancestral mammalian trait. Taking advantage of a Gulo-/- mouse model, we show that ascorbic acid deficiency profoundly impacts perinatal hematopoiesis, resulting in a hypocellular bone marrow (BM) with a significant reduction in hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent progenitors, and hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, myeloid progenitors exhibited differential sensitivity to vitamin C levels; common myeloid progenitors and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors were markedly reduced in Gulo-/- pups following vitamin C depletion in the dams, whereas granulocyte-myeloid progenitors were spared, and their frequency was even augmented. Notably, hematopoietic cell subsets were rescued by vitamin C repletion. Consistent with these data, peripheral myeloid cells were maintained in ascorbate-deficient Gulo-/- pups while other lineage-committed hematopoietic cells were decreased. A reduction in B cell numbers was associated with a significantly reduced humoral immune response in ascorbate-depleted Gulo-/- pups but not adult mice. Erythropoiesis was particularly sensitive to vitamin C deprivation during both the perinatal and adult periods, with ascorbate-deficient Gulo-/- pups as well as adult mice exhibiting compensatory splenic differentiation. Furthermore, in the pathological context of hemolytic anemia, vitamin C-deficient adult Gulo-/- mice were not able to sufficiently increase their erythropoietic activity, resulting in a sustained anemia. Thus, vitamin C plays a pivotal role in the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors during the neonatal period and is required throughout life to sustain erythroid differentiation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Phadke
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marie Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alice Machado
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Josquin Moraly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Valérie S. Zimmermann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark Levine, ; Pierre-Christian Violet, ; Naomi Taylor,
| | - Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark Levine, ; Pierre-Christian Violet, ; Naomi Taylor,
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Mark Levine, ; Pierre-Christian Violet, ; Naomi Taylor,
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Immunomodulator Vitamin C: An Adjuvant Therapy in Second Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its sudden outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan, A pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has been announced. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin with anti-oxidant and immunity-boosting properties. Vitamin C acts as a nutritional supplement profoundly impacting the immune response to the second or third wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Vitamin C efficacy as an adjuvant treatment for inflammation and symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection should be investigated further. This report sheds light on the available information on the current clinical trials and pharmacotherapy related to COVID-19. Information available on Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science databases and EU clinical trials regarding the use of therapeutic agents in patients with COVID-19 was used to perform analysis. Data was taken from 18 clinical trials available in the U.S. National Library of Medicine. All trials that are active, completed, or in the process of recruiting are included in data. Because of majority of clinical trials are still ongoing, specific results and high-quality clinical evidence are lacking. Before being standardised for use, the protocol must undergo large randomised clinical studies using a variety of existing medications and potential therapies. The pivotal role played by vitamins C in maintaining our immune system, is quite apparent. This review is an attempt to summarize the available information regarding the use of vitamin C as an adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 patients.
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Rivas-Arancibia S, Hernández-Orozco E, Rodríguez-Martínez E, Valdés-Fuentes M, Cornejo-Trejo V, Pérez-Pacheco N, Dorado-Martínez C, Zequeida-Carmona D, Espinosa-Caleti I. Ozone Pollution, Oxidative Stress, Regulatory T Cells and Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081553. [PMID: 36009272 PMCID: PMC9405302 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone pollution, is a serious health problem worldwide. Repeated exposure to low ozone doses causes a loss of regulation of the oxidation–reduction systems, and also induces a chronic state of oxidative stress. This fact is of special importance for the regulation of different systems including the immune system and the inflammatory response. In addition, the oxidation–reduction balance modulates the homeostasis of these and other complex systems such as metabolism, survival capacity, cell renewal, and brain repair, etc. Likewise, it has been widely demonstrated that in chronic degenerative diseases, an alteration in the oxide-reduction balance is present, and this alteration causes a chronic loss in the regulation of the immune response and the inflammatory process. This is because reactive oxygen species disrupt different signaling pathways. Such pathways are related to the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in inflammation. This causes an increase in chronic deterioration in the degenerative disease over time. The objective of this review was to study the relationship between environmental ozone pollution, the chronic state of oxidative stress and its effect on Treg cells, which causes the loss of regulation in the inflammatory response as well as the role played by antioxidant systems in various pathologies.
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Miazek K, Beton K, Śliwińska A, Brożek-Płuska B. The Effect of β-Carotene, Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acid as Anti-Oxidant Molecules on Human and Animal In Vitro/In Vivo Studies: A Review of Research Design and Analytical Techniques Used. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081087. [PMID: 36008981 PMCID: PMC9406122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged elevated oxidative stress (OS) possesses negative effect on cell structure and functioning, and is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Naturally occurred anti-oxidant compounds reduce the oxidative stress in living organisms. In this review, antioxidant properties of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid are presented based on in vitro, in vivo and populational studies. Firstly, environmental factors contributing to the OS occurrence and intracellular sources of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, as well as ROS-mediated cellular structure degradation, are introduced. Secondly, enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanism of anti-oxidant defence against OS development, is presented. Furthermore, ROS-preventing mechanisms and effectiveness of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid as anti-oxidants are summarized, based on studies where different ROS-generating (oxidizing) agents are used. Oxidative stress biomarkers, as indicators on OS level and prevention by anti-oxidant supplementation, are presented with a focus on the methods (spectrophotometric, fluorometric, chromatographic, immuno-enzymatic) of their detection. Finally, the application of Raman spectroscopy and imaging as a tool for monitoring the effect of anti-oxidant (β-carotene, ascorbic acid) on cell structure and metabolism, is proposed. Literature data gathered suggest that β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid possess potential to mitigate oxidative stress in various biological systems. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy and imaging can be a valuable technique to study the effect of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant molecules in cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Miazek
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Beton
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek-Płuska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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29
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Lata-Tenesaca LF, de Mello Prado R, de Cássia Piccolo M, da Silva DL, da Silva JLF, Ajila-Celi GE. Forms of application of silicon in quinoa and benefits involved in the association between productivity with grain biofortification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12732. [PMID: 35882954 PMCID: PMC9325773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple aspects of the physiological and nutritional mechanisms involved with silicon (Si) absorption by quinoa plants remain poorly investigated, as well as the best way of supplying this element to crops. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating whether the application of Si increases its uptake by quinoa plants and consequently the use efficiency of N and P, as well as the levels of phenolic compounds in the leaves, crop productivity and the biofortification of grains. For this purpose, the concentration of 3 mmol L−1 of Si was tested, according to the following procedures: foliar application (F), root application in the nutrient solution (R), combined Si application via nutrient solution and foliar spraying (F + R), and no Si application (0). The provision of Si through the leaves and roots promoted the highest uptake of the element by the plant, which resulted in an increased use efficiency of N and P. Consequently, such a higher uptake favored the productivity of grains. The optimal adoption of the application of Si through leaves and roots promoted the highest Si concentration and ascorbic acid content in quinoa grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Lata-Tenesaca
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-090, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ciências da Produção Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Departamento de Ciências da Produção Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Dalila Lopes da Silva
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - José Lucas Farias da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências da Produção Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Eugenia Ajila-Celi
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agricultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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30
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Opioids and Vitamin C: Known Interactions and Potential for Redox-Signaling Crosstalk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071267. [PMID: 35883757 PMCID: PMC9312198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most widely used classes of pharmacologically active compounds both clinically and recreationally. Beyond their analgesic efficacy via μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonism, a prominent side effect is central respiratory depression, leading to systemic hypoxia and free radical generation. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid; AA) is an essential antioxidant vitamin and is involved in the recycling of redox cofactors associated with inflammation. While AA has been shown to reduce some of the negative side effects of opioids, the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. The present review seeks to provide a signaling framework under which MOR activation and AA may interact. AA can directly quench reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induced by opioids, yet this activity alone does not sufficiently describe observations. Downstream of MOR activation, confounding effects from AA with STAT3, HIF1α, and NF-κB have the potential to block production of antioxidant proteins such as nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase. Further mechanistic research is necessary to understand the underlying signaling crosstalk of MOR activation and AA in the amelioration of the negative, potentially fatal side effects of opioids.
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31
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Evidence for Oxidative Pathways in the Pathogenesis of PD: Are Antioxidants Candidate Drugs to Ameliorate Disease Progression? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136923. [PMID: 35805928 PMCID: PMC9266756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that arises due to a complex and variable interplay between elements including age, genetic, and environmental risk factors that manifest as the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Contemporary treatments for PD do not prevent or reverse the extent of neurodegeneration that is characteristic of this disorder and accordingly, there is a strong need to develop new approaches which address the underlying disease process and provide benefit to patients with this debilitating disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and inflammation have been implicated as pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons seen in PD. However, results of studies aiming to inhibit these pathways have shown variable success, and outcomes from large-scale clinical trials are not available or report varying success for the interventions studied. Overall, the available data suggest that further development and testing of novel therapies are required to identify new potential therapies for combating PD. Herein, this review reports on the most recent development of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches that have shown positive benefit in cell and animal models of disease with a focus on supplementation with natural product therapies and selected synthetic drugs.
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32
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Burgess ER, Crake RLI, Phillips E, Morrin HR, Royds JA, Slatter TL, Wiggins GAR, Vissers MCM, Robinson BA, Dachs GU. Increased Ascorbate Content of Glioblastoma Is Associated With a Suppressed Hypoxic Response and Improved Patient Survival. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829524. [PMID: 35419292 PMCID: PMC8995498 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a challenging disease with limited treatment options and poor survival. Glioblastoma tumours are characterised by hypoxia that activates the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway and controls a myriad of genes that drive cancer progression. HIF transcription factors are regulated at the post-translation level via HIF-hydroxylases. These hydroxylases require oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate as substrates, and ferrous iron and ascorbate as cofactors. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to determine whether ascorbate played a role in the hypoxic response of glioblastoma, and whether this affected patient outcome. We measured the ascorbate content and members of the HIF-pathway of clinical glioblastoma samples, and assessed their association with clinicopathological features and patient survival. In 37 samples (37 patients), median ascorbate content was 7.6 μg ascorbate/100 mg tissue, range 0.8 – 20.4 μg ascorbate/100 mg tissue. In tumours with above median ascorbate content, HIF-pathway activity as a whole was significantly suppressed (p = 0.005), and several members of the pathway showed decreased expression (carbonic anhydrase-9 and glucose transporter-1, both p < 0.01). Patients with either lower tumour HIF-pathway activity or higher tumour ascorbate content survived significantly longer than patients with higher HIF-pathway or lower ascorbate levels (p = 0.011, p = 0.043, respectively). Median survival for the low HIF-pathway score group was 362 days compared to 203 days for the high HIF-pathway score group, and median survival for the above median ascorbate group was 390 days, compared to the below median ascorbate group with 219 days. The apparent survival advantage associated with higher tumour ascorbate was more prominent for the first 8 months following surgery. These associations are promising, suggesting an important role for ascorbate-regulated HIF-pathway activity in glioblastoma that may impact on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R Burgess
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rebekah L I Crake
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Helen R Morrin
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Cancer Society Tissue Bank, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Janice A Royds
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tania L Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George A R Wiggins
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bridget A Robinson
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Canterbury Regional Cancer and Haematology Service, Canterbury District Health Board, and Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabi U Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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33
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Zeng X, Dong X, Xiao Q, Yao J. Vitamin C Inhibits Ubiquitination of Glutamate Transporter 1 (GLT-1) in Astrocytes by Downregulating HECTD1. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:676-687. [PMID: 35148069 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory neurotoxicity caused by the accumulation of glutamate in the synaptic cleft is an important cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Astrocyte glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is the main transporter responsible for transporting glutamate, and investigations toward the regulation of GLT-1 in astrocytes can reveal important insights. Vitamin C (VC) has important protective effects on the brain, but its effect on the regulation of GLT-1 expression is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore any regulatory effect of VC on GLT-1 expression in astrocytes and to clarify the possible mechanism of such regulation. We found that GLT-1 expression was impaired in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+)-treated astrocytes, and the transport capacity for glutamate was significantly reduced. Pretreatment with VC restored the GLT-1 expression in the MPP+-treated astrocytes. Intraperitoneal VC administration in a PD murine model confirmed that GLT-1 expression was restored in midbrain tissue. The VC-dependent rescue of GLT-1 expression in the MPP+-treated astrocytes was shown to be due to inhibition of GLT-1 ubiquitination. Transcriptome sequence analysis revealed a number of differentially expressed genes as a result of VC treatment on MPP+-treated astrocytes, including the downregulation of HECT Domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Hectd1). After knocking down Hectd1, the impaired GLT-1 expression caused by MPP+ was alleviated, while overexpression of Hectd1 significantly reduced the expression of GLT-1. After overexpression of Hectd1, VC could no longer increase GLT-1 expression of MPP+-treated astrocytes, indicating that HECTD1 is essential for VC regulation of GLT-1. Thus, VC reduces the ubiquitination of GLT-1 in astrocytes by inhibiting the expression of HECTD1. Our findings have identified a novel mechanism by which VC regulates the expression of GLT-1 in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Zeng
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhuai Dong
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Central Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan, 528300 Guangdong, China
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34
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Reddy S, Brahmbhatt H. Application of Anticonvulsants, Antiepileptic Drugs, and Vitamin C in the Treatment and Analysis of Batten Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e21745. [PMID: 35145828 PMCID: PMC8803372 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Batten disease is a rare group of neurological diseases, specifically called neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. This is a genetic disorder and usually manifests during childhood. Batten disease is fatal and there is currently no proven cure. However, there are certain treatment methods that show potential in mitigating the aftermath of the disease. This review will explore the application and effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs, anticonvulsants, and vitamin C in multiple scenarios to treat Batten disease. Anticonvulsants are a broad group of medications that are used to treat epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures are a big indicator of Batten disease, making anticonvulsants a potential treatment for Batten disease patients. Antiepileptic drugs also work to stop seizures by decreasing neurological excitation, thus for the same reason are often grouped alongside anticonvulsants and are being investigated as a promising way to help Batten disease patients. Vitamin C helps maintain the integrity of several intracellular processes in the central nervous system, which makes it a possible candidate for treating Batten disease. The known effects of anticonvulsants, antiepileptic drugs, and vitamin C on Batten disease are very limited and should be considered more often by healthcare professionals because of their potential effects on patients with Batten disease.
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Miyata H, Toyoda Y, Takada T, Hiragi T, Kubota Y, Shigesawa R, Koyama R, Ikegaya Y, Suzuki H. Identification of an exporter that regulates vitamin C supply from blood to the brain. iScience 2022; 25:103642. [PMID: 35106468 PMCID: PMC8786643 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) distribution in our body requires VC transporters. However, mammalian VC exporters are yet to be identified. Herein, to unravel this long-standing mystery, we focused on the pathways whereby VC moves from blood to the brain, which should require a VC entrance and exit system composed of an importer and a latent exporter. Via cell-based transport analyses of VC efflux and using knockout mice generated via the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we identified GLUT12/SLC2A12 as a physiologically important VC efflux protein expressed in the choroid plexus; Glut12/Slc2a12 knockout halved the cerebral VC levels, markedly increased VC accumulation in the choroid plexus, and reduced the cerebrospinal fluid VC levels. These findings facilitate our understanding of VC regulation and the physiological impact of VC in our body. A long-standing mystery in vitamin C handling in mammalians was uncovered GLUT12 was identified as a physiologically important vitamin C efflux protein—VCEP GLUT12 is expressed in the choroid plexus and acts as a vitamin C exporter Glut12 knockout halved the cerebral vitamin C levels in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yu Toyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hiragi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Kubota
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Shigesawa
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Maharshi V, Kumar VL, Sarangi SC, Dutt Upadhyay A, Kumar A. Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on pulmonary functions in healthy adults: a randomized controlled pilot study. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:625-632. [PMID: 34914338 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The fact that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases is supported by the beneficial effect of antioxidants. It is also well known that an altered oxidant-antioxidant balance after the age of 35 years increases the susceptibility to develop obstructive lung diseases later in life. Given this, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of antioxidant supplementation on lung functions in healthy adults after the age of 35 years. METHODS Persons of age ≥35 years (n=45) were randomized into three arms (each comprising 15 participants) to receive either no intervention (NI arm), ascorbic acid 250 mg daily (AA250 arm), or ascorbic acid 500 mg daily (AA500 arm) for 6 weeks. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured at baseline and 6 weeks. Persons of age group (20-30 years) were also enrolled in the study to compare their lung functions and cardiovascular parameters at baseline with those ≥35 years of age. All the adverse events experienced by participants were recorded. RESULTS Baseline pulmonary functions were found to be comparable among the three study arms and compared to ≥35 years age group, these parameters were found to be better in the younger age group (20-30 years). Most of the pulmonary functions were comparable among the three study arms at 6 weeks. A significant improvement in PEF and % predicted PEF was noted in AA250 arm when compared to baseline values (p=0.049 and 0.026, respectively) and in participants with normal pulmonary functions when compared to those with reduced functions at baseline (p=0.059 and p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS Although ascorbic acid did not affect most of the pulmonary functions in healthy adults, it improved PEF and % predicted PEF at a daily dose of 250 mg. In this regard, it was found effective in individuals with normal pulmonary indices at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Maharshi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir C Sarangi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Dutt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Rusdianah S, Tahir T, Yusuf S. The effect of Buerger Allen exercise and the provision of oral vitamin C toward the improvement of peripheral tissue perfusion and healing of diabetic foot ulcers. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Padhani ZA, Moazzam Z, Ashraf A, Bilal H, Salam RA, Das JK, Bhutta ZA. Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 11:CD013134. [PMID: 34791642 PMCID: PMC8599445 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013134.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, lower respiratory tract infection is the leading cause of infectious disease death, and the fifth most common cause of death overall. Vitamin C has a role in modulating resistance to infectious agents, therefore vitamin C supplementation may be important in preventing and treating pneumonia. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of vitamin C supplementation to prevent and treat pneumonia in children and adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, and two trials registers to 4 March 2020. We also checked references to identify additional studies. We did not apply any publication status or language filters. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (studies using allocation methods that are not random, e.g. date of birth, medical record number) assessing the role of vitamin C supplementation in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in children and adults compared to control or placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included five studies in the review and identified two ongoing studies. The five included studies involved a total of 2655 participants; two studies were RCTs and three were quasi-RCTs. The included studies were conducted in one high-income country (USA) and three lower-middle-income countries (Bangladesh and Pakistan). Three studies were conducted in hospital inpatient settings, one in school, and one in a military training centre. Three studies included children under five years of age, one study included school-aged children, and one study included adult participants. Two studies assessed the effect of vitamin C supplementation for pneumonia prevention; and three studies assessed the effect of vitamin C supplementation as an adjunct to pneumonia treatment. For pneumonia prevention, the included studies provided supplementation in doses of 1 g daily for 14 weeks, 2 g daily for 8 weeks, and 2 g daily for 14 weeks. For pneumonia treatment, the included studies provided vitamin C supplementation in doses of 125 mg daily and 200 mg daily until the symptoms resolved or discharge, as an adjunct to the pneumonia treatment. Overall, the included studies were judged to be at either high or unclear risk of bias for random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding; and the evidence certainty was very low. Two studies assessed the effect of vitamin C supplementation for pneumonia prevention; we judged the certainty of the evidence as very low. We are uncertain about the effect of vitamin C supplementation on pneumonia incidence and adverse events (urticaria). None of the included studies reported other primary outcomes (pneumonia prevalence and mortality) or any of the secondary outcomes. Three studies assessed the effect of vitamin C supplementation as an adjunct to pneumonia treatment; we judged the certainty of the evidence as very low. We are uncertain of the effect of vitamin C supplementation on duration of illness and hospitalisation. None of the included studies reported other primary or secondary outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Due to the small number of included studies and very low certainty of the existing evidence, we are uncertain of the effect of vitamin C supplementation for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia. Further good-quality studies are required to assess the role of vitamin C supplementation in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ali Padhani
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Hasana Bilal
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jai K Das
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Tanra AJ, Sabaruddin H, Liaury K, Zainuddin AA. Effect of Adjuvant Vitamin C on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of adjuvant Vitamin C on brain-derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) levels and improvement of negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients.
METHODS: This study was conducted at Hasanuddin University Hospital and its affiliate with 60 schizophrenic patients (30 controls, 27 treatments, and three dropout patients). The ELISA sample examination method was used to examine blood levels of BDNF, and Vitamin C levels before and after administration of Vitamin C. In addition, the negative symptoms were measured using the PANSS score.
RESULTS: There was a significant increase in BDNF levels in treatments group compared the control at 4th–8th weeks with p = 0.005 (4th week) and ≤0.0001 (<0.05) (8th week). The improvement in PANSS scores for negative symptoms in the treatment groups compared to the controls at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks resulted in p = 0.042 (2nd week) and <0.0001 (4th–8th weeks). Furthermore, there was an increase in serum Vitamin C levels in the treatment groups with an initial average value = 4.762 and after 8 weeks = 148.155. Strong correlation between increased BDNF levels and improvement in negative symptoms on the PANSS score was found with p = 0.001 (4th week) and ≤0.0001 (8th week).
CONCLUSION: The administration of Vitamin C significantly increases BDNF levels and improves the PANSS score for negative symptoms in the treatments compared to the control groups.
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40
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Mouchel Dit Leguerrier D, Barré R, Molloy J, Thomas F. Lanthanide complexes as redox and ROS/RNS probes: A new paradigm that makes use of redox-reactive and redox non-innocent ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effect of Alternative Preservation Steps and Storage on Vitamin C Stability in Fruit and Vegetable Products: Critical Review and Kinetic Modelling Approaches. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112630. [PMID: 34828909 PMCID: PMC8619176 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, a water-soluble compound, is a natural antioxidant in many plant-based products, possessing important nutritional benefits for human health. During fruit and vegetable processing, this bioactive compound is prone to various modes of degradation, with temperature and oxygen being recognised as the main factors responsible for this nutritional loss. Consequently, Vitamin C is frequently used as an index of the overall quality deterioration of such products during processing and post-processing storage and handling. Traditional preservation methods, such as thermal processing, drying and freezing, are often linked to a substantial Vitamin C loss. As an alternative, novel techniques or a combination of various preservation steps ("hurdles") have been extensively investigated in the recent literature aiming at maximising Vitamin C retention throughout the whole product lifecycle, from farm to fork. In such an integrated approach, it is important to separately study the effect of each preservation step and mathematically describe the impact of the prevailing factors on Vitamin C stability, so as to be able to optimise the processing/storage phase. In this context, alternative mathematical approaches have been applied, including more sophisticated ones that incorporate parameter uncertainties, with the ultimate goal of providing more realistic predictions.
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Zheng Y, Jiang W, Tan J, Yan J, Zhan R, Huang H. Organocatalytic β,γ-Selective Activation of Deconjugated Butenolides Access to Chiral Tricyclic Chroman-butyrolactones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12821-12830. [PMID: 34465087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient method for the β,γ-selective activation of deconjugated butenolides has been developed through an organocatalytic asymmetric vinylogous cascade reaction. This protocol enables the construction of a broad range of substituted tricyclic chroman-butyrolactones by vinylogous Michael/oxa-Michael pathways in good yield (up to 89%) with good to high enantioselectivity (up to 97:3 er) and excellent diastereoselectivity. The ring-opening esterification of butyrolactones was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Weichao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Juzhang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huicai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
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43
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Vitamin C supplementation promotes mental vitality in healthy young adults: results from a cross-sectional analysis and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:447-459. [PMID: 34476568 PMCID: PMC8783887 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate the link of vitamin C status with vitality and psychological functions in a cross-sectional study, and examine their causal relationship through a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods We first conducted a population-based cross-sectional investigation of healthy young adults (n = 214, 20–39 years), and analyzed the associations of serum vitamin C concentrations with vitality (fatigue and attention) and mood status (stress, depression, and positive and negative affect) using Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Next, we performed a double-blind RCT in healthy subjects whose serum vitamin C concentrations were inadequate (< 50 μmol/L). Subjects were randomly allocated to receive 500 mg of vitamin C twice a day for 4 weeks (n = 24) or a placebo (n = 22). We assessed vitality, which included fatigue, attention, work engagement, and self-control resources, and measured mood status, including stress, depression, positive and negative affect, and anxiety. ELISA determined serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and a Stroop color–word test evaluated attention capacity and processing speed. Results In the cross-sectional data, the serum vitamin C concentration was positively associated with the level of attention (r = 0.16, p = 0.02; standardized β = 0.21, p = 0.003), while no significant associations with the levels of fatigue and mood variables being found. In the RCT, compared to the placebo, the vitamin C supplementation significantly increased attention (p = 0.03) and work absorption (p = 0.03) with distinct tendency of improvement on fatigue (p = 0.06) and comprehensive work engagement (p = 0.07). The vitamin C supplementation did not affect mood and serum concentrations of BDNF. However, in the Stroop color–word test, the subjects supplemented with vitamin C showed better performance than those in the placebo group (p = 0.04). Conclusion Inadequate vitamin C status is related to a low level of mental vitality. Vitamin C supplementation effectively increased work motivation and attentional focus and contributed to better performance on cognitive tasks requiring sustained attention. Trial registration number and date of registration Cross-sectional study: KCT0005074 (cris.nih.go.kr)/1 June, 2020 (retrospectively registered). Intervention study: KCT0004276 (cris.nih.go.kr)/4 September, 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02656-3.
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Shen Q, Shu T, Wang H, Fang C, Zhang Y, Meldrum A, Serpe MJ. Sensing using a fluorescent product generated from Cu
2+
assisted L‐Ascorbic acid oxidation. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Shen
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Tong Shu
- School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Changhao Fang
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Michael J. Serpe
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Shanaka KASN, Jung S, Janson ND, Jayasingha JRP, Madushani KP, Kim MJ, Lee J. Growth and Antioxidant-Related Effects of the Reestablished Ascorbic Acid Pathway in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) by Genomic Integration of L-Gulonolactone Oxidase From Cloudy Catshark ( Scyliorhinus torazame). Front Physiol 2021; 12:685595. [PMID: 34290620 PMCID: PMC8287572 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.685595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of L-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO), which catalyzes the last step of the ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis pathway, results in a complete lack of AA in several Osteichthyes fish species, including zebrafish. In this study, sGULO, the active GULO gene from cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame) was cloned into zebrafish using the Gateway cloning method. The resulting Tg(b-actin:sGULO:mCherry) fish were analyzed for the effects of a reestablished AA pathway. Fluorescent microscopy and PCR were used to analyze the integration of the construct into the zebrafish genome. Catalytic activity of sGULO, AA production, growth-related characteristics, and gene expression were investigated to evaluate the effects of AA production in Tg fish. The mCherry fluorescent protein indicated the proper integration and expression of the sGULO construct in zebrafish. The sGULO gene was ubiquitously expressed in all the studied tissues and the enzyme activity indicated an increased AA production in Tg fish. The growth of Tg fish was also increased, and antioxidant system analysis suggests that reactive oxygen species production was reduced in Tg fish compared with wild type. Expression of the AA transporter slc23a1 was significantly downregulated in Tg homozygous fish. These results collectively indicate the effects of reestablished AA synthesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - N D Janson
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - J R P Jayasingha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - K P Madushani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
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Xu F, Wen Y, Hu X, Wang T, Chen G. The Potential Use of Vitamin C to Prevent Kidney Injury in Patients with COVID-19. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9030046. [PMID: 34203409 PMCID: PMC8293113 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly found SARS-CoV-2 has led to the pandemic of COVID-19, which has caused respiratory distress syndrome and even death worldwide. This has become a global public health crisis. Unfortunately, elders and subjects with comorbidities have high mortality rates. One main feature of COVID-19 is the cytokine storm, which can cause damage in cells and tissues including the kidneys. Here, we reviewed the current literature on renal impairments in patients with COVID-19 and analyzed the possible etiology and mechanisms. In addition, we investigated the potential use of vitamin C for the prevention of renal injury in those patients. It appears that vitamin C could be helpful to improve the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Lastly, we discussed the possible protective effects of vitamin C on renal functions in COVID-19 patients with existing kidney conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (F.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yawei Wen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (F.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xinge Hu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (X.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (X.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (X.H.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-5-974-6257
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Erythrocytes as a Model for Heavy Metal-Related Vascular Dysfunction: The Protective Effect of Dietary Components. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126604. [PMID: 34203038 PMCID: PMC8235350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are toxic environmental pollutants associated with severe ecological and human health risks. Among them is mercury (Hg), widespread in air, soil, and water, due to its peculiar geo-biochemical cycle. The clinical consequences of Hg exposure include neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, increased risk for cardiovascular diseases is also reported due to a direct effect on cardiovascular tissues, including endothelial cells, recently identified as important targets for the harmful action of heavy metals. In this review, we will discuss the rationale for the potential use of erythrocytes as a surrogate model to study Hg-related toxicity on the cardiovascular system. The toxic effects of Hg on erythrocytes have been amply investigated in the last few years. Among the observed alterations, phosphatidylserine exposure has been proposed as an underlying mechanism responsible for Hg-induced increased proatherogenic and prothrombotic activity of these cells. Furthermore, following Hg-exposure, a decrease in NOS activity has also been reported, with consequent lowering of NO bioavailability, thus impairing endothelial function. An additional mechanism that may induce a decrease in NO availability is the generation of an oxidative microenvironment. Finally, considering that chronic Hg exposure mainly occurs through contaminated foods, the protective effect of dietary components is also discussed.
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Dietary nutrients and their control of the redox bioenergetic networks as therapeutics in redox dysfunctions sustained pathologies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105709. [PMID: 34089868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrons exchange amongst the chemical species in an organism is a pivotal concomitant activity carried out by individual cells for basic cellular processes and continuously contribute towards the maintenance of bioenergetic networks plus physiological attributes like cell growth, phenotypic differences and nutritional adaptations. Humans exchange matter and energy via complex connections of metabolic pathways (redox reactions) amongst cells being a thermodynamically open system. Usually, these reactions are the real lifeline and driving forces of health and disease in the living entity. Many shreds of evidence support the secondary role of reactive species in the cellular process of control apoptosis and proliferation. Disrupted redox mechanisms are seen in malaises, like degenerative and metabolic disorders, cancerous cells. This review targets the importance of redox reactions in the body's normal functioning and the effects of its alterations in cells to obtain a better understanding. Understanding the redox dynamics in a pathological state can provide an opportunity for cure or diagnosis at the earlier stage and serve as an essential biomarker to predict in advance to give personalized therapy. Understanding redox metabolism can also highlight the use of naturally available antioxidant in the form of diet.
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Chang MC, Kwak SG, Kwak S. Effect of dietary vitamins C and E on the risk of Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3922-3930. [PMID: 34139465 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A neuroprotective effect of dietary vitamins C and E on Parkinson's disease (PD) has been suggested, however, several human studies have reported controversial results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of vitamins C and E on the risk of Parkinson's disease. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases for studies published up to January 23, 2021. We included studies that reported (1) intake of vitamins C and E using validated methods; (2) assessment of odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio (HR); and (3) patients with PD identified by a neurologist, hospital records, or death certificates. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software 2 program was used for statistical analyses of the pooled data. RESULTS A total of 12 studies (four prospective cohort and eight case-control studies) were included in our meta-analysis. No significant risk reduction was observed in the high vitamin C intake group compared to low intake group. On the other hand, the high vitamin E intake group showed a significantly lower risk of development of PD than the low intake group (pooled OR = 0.799. 95% CI = 0.721 to 0.885). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that vitamin E might have a protective effect against PD, while vitamin C does not seem to have such an effect. However, the exact mechanism of the transport and regulation of vitamin E in the CNS remains elusive, and further studies would be necessary in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kwak
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Greathouse J, Henning S, Soendergaard M. Effect of Grafting Rootstock on the Antioxidant Capacity and Content of Heirloom Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Hydroponic Culture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050965. [PMID: 34066134 PMCID: PMC8151870 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Heirloom tomato varieties are in demand by consumers due to high antioxidant levels. However, these varieties are difficult to produce and are prone to disease. To overcome these problems, heirloom tomatoes may be cultivated in hydroponic systems and grafted onto disease-resistant rootstocks. However, it is unknown if the antioxidant content and capacity are affected by grafting. In this study, heirloom (Black Krim and Green Zebra) and standard (Big Beef) varieties were grafted onto wild type (WT) or productive rootstocks (Arnold and Supernatural). The tomatoes were harvested at maturity, freeze-dried, and ground into a powder. Lycopene was extracted using hexane, and the content was determined spectrophotometrically at 503 nm. The antioxidant capacity of methanol extracts was evaluated by the 2,2'-azino-di[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonsyr]sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, whereas the phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Interestingly, the grafting of Big Beef and Green Zebra onto Supernatural rootstock resulted in an increased antioxidant capacity, as determined by the DPPH assay. Moreover, the phenolic content was changed for Big Beef grafted onto Arnold, and Big Beef and Green Zebra grafted onto Supernatural. Taken together, these results indicate that certain combinations of standard and heirloom tomato varieties and productive rootstocks may influence the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. These results may be used to guide producers when choosing rootstocks for cultivating hydroponic tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Greathouse
- Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA;
| | - Shelby Henning
- School of Agriculture, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA;
| | - Mette Soendergaard
- Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA;
- Correspondence:
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