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Poitras M, Lebeau M, Plamondon H. The cycle of stress: A systematic review of the impact of chronic psychological stress models on the rodent estrous cycle. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105730. [PMID: 38763179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Stress is known to impair reproduction through interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes. However, while it is well accepted that stress can alter estrous cycle regularity, a key indicator of female's HPG axis function, effects of different types of psychological stress have been inconsistent. This systematic review evaluated the impact of rodent models of psychological stress on estrous cyclicity, while reporting biological parameters pertaining to HPA or HPG axis function assessed within these studies. We performed a systematic database search and included articles that implemented a psychological stress model in rodents and reported estrous cyclicity for at least two cycles after initiation of stress. Of the 32 studies included, 62.5% reported post-stress alterations to estrous cyclicity, with Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) models showing the most conclusive effects. Twenty-five studies measured HPG or HPA axis markers, with cycle disruptions being commonly observed in parallel with altered estradiol and increased corticosterone levels. Our review highlights gaps in reporting estrous cyclicity assessments and makes recommendations to improve comparability between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Poitras
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Madison Lebeau
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Hu W, Xie N, Zhu H, Jiang Y, Ding S, Ye S, Zhang S, Wang F, Qu F, Zhou J. The effective compounds and mechanisms of Cang-Fu-Dao-Tan Formula in treating polycystic ovary syndrome based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology and molecular experiments. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115867. [PMID: 38061171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a common endocrine disease in reproductive-age women, which is characterized by both reproductive and metabolic disorders. Cang-Fu-Dao-Tan Formula (CFDTF) is an effective and relatively safe treatment for PCOS. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. PURPOSE To explore the effective compounds and mechanisms of CFDTF in treating PCOS based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology and molecular experiments. METHODS The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS and TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction databases were used to identify the active ingredients of CFDTF. Then GeneCards, Disgenet, Drugbank databases were used to obtain the PCOS related targets. Based above, the Drug-component-target (D-C-T) network and protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network were built to analysis the key targets. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed to find the potential mechanisms. Finally, molecular docking analysis, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular experiments were used to confirm the interactions among the active compounds, targets and explore the potential mechanisms. RESULTS A total of 20 compounds were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, and 136 active compounds by TCMSP from CFDTF. After removing the duplicate results, there were 370 targets related to both CFDTF and PCOS, among which, MAPK3, AKT1, RELA, EGF, TP53 and MYC were proved to have high interactions with the components. The mechanisms of CFDTF against PCOS were related to PI3K-Akt, mTOR, MAPK signaling pathways, and the in vitro experiments proved that the CFDTF positively regulated the cell proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis levels in PCOS cell model. CONCLUSIONS The combination of UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, systematic network pharmacology and molecular experiments identified that the quercetin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin disaccharide are the TOP 3 effective compounds of CFDTF in treating PCOS and the potential mechanisms may involve in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Hu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Ningning Xie
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yiting Jiang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Sijia Ding
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shaoyan Ye
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Jue Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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Yu Y, Chen T, Zheng Z, Jia F, Liao Y, Ren Y, Liu X, Liu Y. The role of the autonomic nervous system in polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1295061. [PMID: 38313837 PMCID: PMC10834786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1295061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reviewed the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Its primary characteristics include persistent anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology, often accompanied by disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. The body's functions are regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which consists mainly of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system helps maintain homeostasis in the body. Research indicates that ovarian function in mammals is under autonomic neural control. The ovaries receive central nervous system information through the ovarian plexus nerves and the superior ovarian nerves. Neurotransmitters mediate neural function, with acetylcholine and norepinephrine being the predominant autonomic neurotransmitters. They influence the secretion of ovarian steroids and follicular development. In animal experiments, estrogen, androgens, and stress-induced rat models have been used to explore the relationship between PCOS and the autonomic nervous system. Results have shown that the activation of the autonomic nervous system contributes to the development of PCOS in rat. In clinical practice, assessments of autonomic nervous system function in PCOS patients have been gradually employed. These assessments include heart rate variability testing, measurement of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, skin sympathetic response testing, and post-exercise heart rate recovery evaluation. PCOS patients exhibit autonomic nervous system dysfunction, characterized by increased sympathetic nervous system activity and decreased vagal nerve activity. Abnormal metabolic indicators in PCOS women can also impact autonomic nervous system activity. Clinical studies have shown that various effective methods for managing PCOS regulate patients' autonomic nervous system activity during the treatment process. This suggests that improving autonomic nervous system activity may be an effective approach in treating PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehan Ren
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zuo W, Liu X, Chen J, Zuo W, Yin Y, Nie X, Tang P, Huang Y, Yu Q, Hu Q, Zhou J, Tan Y, Huang X, Ren Q. Single-cell sequencing provides insights into the landscape of ovary in PCOS and alterations induced by CUMS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E346-E362. [PMID: 37584608 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder related to psychological distress. However, the mechanism underlying increased prevalence of depression in PCOS remained unclear. This study aimed to explore the unique transcriptional landscape of ovary and offered a platform to explore the mechanism of PCOS, as well as the influences caused by depression. The PCOS rat model was established by letrozole whereas PCOS rat model with depression was established by letrozole combined with chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). Then single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was applied to analyze the transcriptional features of rat ovaries. Granulosa cells (GCs) and fibroblasts (Fibros) accounted for the top two clusters of total 12 cell types. There were nine clusters in GCs, related to inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and steroidogenesis. The expression of differentially expressed genes (DEG) Hes1 was higher in PCOS and PCOS + CUMS groups, exhibiting enhanced expression by pseudotime and positively related to inflammation. Pseudotemporal analysis revealed that inflammation contributed to the different GCs distributions. Moreover, analysis of DEGs and gene ontology (GO) function enrichment revealed CUMS aggravated inflammation in PCOS GCs possibly via interferon signaling pathway. In theca cells (TCs), nine clusters were observed and some of them were relevant to inflammation, ER stress, and lipid metabolism. DEGs Ass1, Insl3, and Ifi27 were positively related to Cyp17a1, and Ces1d might contribute to the different trajectory of TCs. Subsequent scRNA-seq revealed a signature profile of endothelial cells (ECs) and Fibros, which suggest that inflammation-induced damage of ECs and Fibro, further exacerbated by CUMS. Finally, analysis of T cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) revealed the existence of immune dysfunction, among which interferon signaling played a critical role. These findings provided more knowledge for a better understanding PCOS from the view of inflammation and identified new biomarkers and targets for the treatment of PCOS with psychological diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we mapped the landscape of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ovary with rat model induced by letrozole and provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of PCOS accompanied by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) at single-cell transcriptomic level. These observations highlight the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PCOS, which might also be the bridge between PCOS and psychological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zuo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenren Zuo
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunke Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Science and Technology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Ren
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Jung W, Choi H, Kim J, Kim J, Kim W, Nurkolis F, Kim B. Effects of natural products on polycystic ovary syndrome: From traditional medicine to modern drug discovery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20889. [PMID: 37867816 PMCID: PMC10589870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 6-10 % of women of reproductive age. PCOS is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, and stroke in addition to exhibiting signs of hyperandrogenism and anovulation. However, there is no known cure for PCOS, and medications have only ever been used symptomatically, with a variety of adverse effects. Drugs made from natural plant products may help treat PCOS because several plant extracts have been widely recognized to lessen the symptoms of PCOS. In light of this, 72 current studies on natural products with the potential to control PCOS were examined. By controlling the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and decreasing NF-κB and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), certain plant-derived chemicals might reduce inflammation. Other substances altered the HPO axis, which normalized hormones. Additionally, other plant components increased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels to reduce radiation-induced oxidative stress. The other substances prevented autophagy by impairing beclin 1, autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 - II (LC3- II). The main focus of this comprehensive review is the possibility of plant extracts as natural bio-resources of PCOS treatment by regulating inflammation, hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS), or autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woobin Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyojoo Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Indonesia
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
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Tsai YR, Liao YN, Kang HY. Current Advances in Cellular Approaches for Pathophysiology and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:2189. [PMID: 37681921 PMCID: PMC10487183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological and endocrine disorder that results in irregular menstruation, incomplete follicular development, disrupted ovulation, and reduced fertility rates among affected women of reproductive age. While these symptoms can be managed through appropriate medication and lifestyle interventions, both etiology and treatment options remain limited. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in cellular approaches utilized for investigating the pathophysiology of PCOS through in vitro cell models, to avoid the confounding systemic effects such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. The primary objective is to enhance the understanding of abnormalities in PCOS-associated folliculogenesis, particularly focusing on the aberrant roles of granulosa cells and other relevant cell types. Furthermore, this article encompasses analyses of the mechanisms and signaling pathways, microRNA expression and target genes altered in PCOS, and explores the pharmacological approaches considered as potential treatments. By summarizing the aforementioned key findings, this article not only allows us to appreciate the value of using in vitro cell models, but also provides guidance for selecting suitable research models to facilitate the identification of potential treatments and understand the pathophysiology of PCOS at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- An-Ten Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Kaohsiung City 802, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Hormone and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
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Chen H, Deng C, Meng Z, Meng S. Effects of TCM on polycystic ovary syndrome and its cellular endocrine mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:956772. [PMID: 37260441 PMCID: PMC10228207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.956772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disease characterized by menstrual disorders, infertility, and obesity, often accompanied by insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. The pathogenesis of PCOS is relatively complex and has a certain relationship with endocrine disorders. The increase of androgen and luteinizing hormone (LH) is the main cause of a series of symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has obvious advantages and significant curative effects in the treatment of this disease. It can effectively reduce the insulin level of PCOS patients, regulate lipid metabolism, and increase ovulation rate and pregnancy rate and has fewer side effects. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbs and other TCM (such as acupuncture) in the treatment of PCOS and its complications in recent years, as well as the effect and mechanism on cellular endocrine, in order to provide a new clinical idea for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhou X, Ma Q, Yan Z, Wang Y, Qin J, Tong T, Liang R, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen J. Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine Xiao Yao San in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116517. [PMID: 37105369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine-metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age worldwide. Previous studies using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed that Xiao Yao San (XYS), a classic Chinese patent medicine formula, can effectively treat PCOS. However, the entire evidence has yet to be systematically summarized. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials was to assess the effect of XYS for the treatment of PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS 7 databases were thoroughly reviewed for RCTs published from inception to July 2022, assessing the effect of XYS in treating PCOS, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Wan Fang Database, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Science and Technology Journal Database. Outcome measures included ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, hormonal levels, and glycemic parameters. Either a random-effects model or a fixed-effect models was used to pool data. Pooled effect sizes were reported as odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 9 trials including 736 PCOS patients met the selection criteria. Our results indicate that XYS plus conventional medicines for PCOS significantly improved ovulation rate (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.94 to 3.08, P < 0.001) and pregnancy rate (OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.75, P < 0.001), meanwhile decreased levels of fasting insulin (FINS) (SMD = - 0.46, 95% CI: 0.65 to - 0.27, P < 0.001) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD = - 0.65, 95% CI = - 0.93 to - 0.37, P < 0.001). XYS plus conventional medicines for PCOS did not have a significant impact on levels of total testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). No serious adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION XYS combined with conventional medicines can improve ovulation and pregnancy rates, decrease FINS and HOMA-IR in PCOS patients, indicating that XYS treatment may be used as a promising adjuvant therapy to the conventional medicines of PCOS. However, due to significant heterogeneity and methodological shortcomings, these results should be interpreted with great caution. Larger, higher quality RCTs are needed to rigorously assess the effect of XYS as a complementary therapy in managing PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Zhenqian Yan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
| | - Yaxin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
| | - Jiajia Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Tiejun Tong
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ruixi Liang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Yongxin Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
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Chen HY, Liu J, Weng DZ, Yan L, Pan CS, Sun K, Guo X, Wang D, Anwaier G, Jiao YQ, Li ZX, Han JY. Ameliorative effect and mechanism of Si-Ni-San on chronic stress-induced diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome in rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940463. [PMID: 36003517 PMCID: PMC9393244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic stress-induced diarrhea is a common clinical condition, characterized by an abnormal bowel movement and loose stools, which lacks effective treatment in the clinic. Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a compound traditional Chinese medicine extensively used in China for stress-related diarrhea. However, the mechanism is unclear.Methods: Male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) were placed in a restraint cylinder and fixed horizontally for 3 h once daily for 21 consecutive days to establish a chronic restraint stress (CRS) rat model. SNS (0.6944 g/kg or 1.3888 g/kg) was given by gavage 1 h before the restraint once daily for 21 consecutive days. We examined the fecal score, dopamine β hydroxylase (DβH), and c-fos expression in locus coeruleus, norepinephrine (NE) content in ileum and plasma, expression of α1 adrenergic receptors, MLCK, MLC, and p-MLC in the colon and mesenteric arteries, contraction of isolated mesenteric arteries, The expression of subunit δ of ATP synthase (ATP5D) in intestinal tissues, ATP, ADP, and AMP content in the ileum and colon, occludin expression between ileum epithelial cells, the number of enterochromaffin cells (ECs) and mast cells (MCs) in the ileum, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content in the ileum and plasma.Results: After SNS treatment, the fecal score was improved. The increased expression of DβH and c-fos in locus coeruleus was inhibited. SNS suppressed the increased NE content in the ileum and plasma, down-regulated α1 adrenergic receptors in mesenteric arteries and MLCK, MLC, p-MLC in the colon and mesenteric arteries, and inhibited the contraction of mesenteric arteries. SNS also increased the ATP content in the ileum and colon, inhibited low expression of ATP5D in intestinal tissues, inhibited the decrease of ATP/ADP in the ileum and ATP/AMP in the colon, and up-regulated the occludin expression between ileum epithelial cells. In addition, SNS inhibited the increase of ECs and MCs in the ileum and the increase of 5-HT content in the ileum and plasma.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SNS could improve CRS-induced abnormal feces in rats. This effect was related to the inhibition of CRS-induced increased expression of DβH and c-fos in the locus coeruleus, NE content in the ileum and plasma, and the contraction of isolated mesenteric arteries; inhibition of energy metabolism abnormality and decreased occludin expression; inhibition of increased ECs and MCs in the ileum, and 5-HT content in the ileum and plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Chen
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Liu, ; Jing-Yan Han,
| | - Ding-Zhou Weng
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Qian Jiao
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Liu, ; Jing-Yan Han,
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He M, Li L, Wei X, Geng D, Jiang H, Xiangxiang G, Zhang Y, Du H. Xiaoyao powder improves endometrial receptivity via VEGFR-2-mediated angiogenesis through the activation of the JNK and P38 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114580. [PMID: 34474142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoyao powder (XYP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula which has wide scope of indications related to liver stagnation, reconcile qi and blood in TCM syndrome. Infertility can induce similar symptoms and signs to the clinical features of liver stagnation syndrome, the treatment of infertility by soothing the liver is obvious. XYP can increase the clinical pregnancy rate, follicle development, oocyte quality and improve endometrial receptivity. However, its underlying pharmacological mechanism of improving endometrial receptivity is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of XYP on pregnancy rates and endometrial angiogenesis, to determine the potent mechanism in association with the pro-angiogenic behavior which closely related to improving endometrial receptivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established an animal model exhibiting decreasing endometrial receptivity by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and a human endometrial microvascular endothelial cell (HEMEC) model. Endometrial morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Scanning electron microscopy. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were used to detect expression of PCNA, Cyclin D1, MMP9 and MAPK signaling pathway. Scratch-wound assay and tube formation assay were used to observe HEMEC migration and tubulogenesis. RESULTS The results demonstrated that XYP pretreatment could improve endometrial receptivity, which leads to high pregnancy rates. In the endometrium, XYP facilitated angiogenesis by promoting tube formation. XYP could enhance HEMEC proliferation and migration induced by VEGF, which were observed by the microscope and Scratch-wound assays. XYP promoted HEMEC proliferation and migration via the p38 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION XYP promotes HEMEC proliferation and migration via the P38 and the JNK MAPK signaling pathways, which contribute to the endometrial angiogenesis mediated by VEGFR-2 that is favorable for endometrial receptivity. We firstly elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which XYP improved endometrial receptivity by promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuecong Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dandan Geng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huabo Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gu Xiangxiang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huilan Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
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11
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Zhang X, You L, Zhang X, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhou J, Liu C, Qu F. Neurobehavioral alternations of the female offspring born to polycystic ovary syndrome model rats administered by Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2021; 16:97. [PMID: 34600579 PMCID: PMC8487466 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has significant effects that improve the reproductive functions of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the intergenerational effects of CHM on offspring and the underlying mechanism of CHM remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects and the underlying mechanism of CHM, specifically the Bu-Shen-Tian-Jing formula (BSTJF), on model rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the neurobehavioral alterations of female offspring born to PCOS rats administered BSTJF. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) and network pharmacology analysis were performed to identify the active ingredients and potential targets of BSTJF. Moreover, PCOS model rats were used to validate the role of BSTJF in reproduction and progeny neural development and to confirm the network pharmacological targets. Results A total of 91 constituents were characterized from BSTJF. The 20 most significant KEGG pathways and the high-frequency genes of these pathways were predicted to be putative targets of these molecules. The rat experiment showed that the downregulation of FOS protein expression in the ovarian granulosa cells of the PCOS group was reversed by BSTJF. The target residence time of the 5-week-old female offspring of the BSTJF group was higher than that of the PCOS group in the water maze experiment. Compared to the PCOS group, the changes in dendritic spine density, ultrastructure of neurons and synapses, and Gabrb1 and Grin2b protein expression levels in the hippocampus of female offspring were partially reversed in the BSTJF group. Conclusions BSTJF can effectively improve ovarian follicle development in PCOS rats and has positive effects on pubertal neurobehavioral alterations in the female offspring of these rats by reversing dendritic spine density, the ultrastructure of neurons and synapses, and the Gabrb1 and Grin2b protein expression levels in the hippocampus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00512-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lifang You
- First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311103, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jue Zhou
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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12
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Zhang S, Lu Y, Chen W, Shi W, Zhao Q, Zhao J, Li L. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Evidence: PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway is Involved in the Antidepressive Roles of Chaihu Shugan San. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3425-3441. [PMID: 34385814 PMCID: PMC8353879 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s315060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Chaihu Shugan San (CSS) is a common antidepressant prescription in traditional Chinese medicines. However, its active ingredients and mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the potential active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of CSS for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Active compounds in CSS were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. Compound-related targets were retrieved using the SwissTargetPrediction database. MDD-related targets were determined using DisGeNET, Therapeutic Target Database and DrugBank databases. The common targets of active compounds in CSS and MDD were retained to construct a compound-MDD target network. Then, functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction analysis were performed to identify hub targets and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, hub-targeted genes and pathways were validated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice with or without CSS treatment. The affinities between the active compounds in CSS and hub-targeted genes were evaluated by molecular docking. Results Network pharmacology analysis revealed 24 potential targets for treatment of MDD by CSS. Functional enrichment analysis showed that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was likely to be evidently affected by CSS in the treatment of MDD. In vivo experiments showed that CSS could improve depressive-like behaviors and promote neurogenesis in CUMS mice. Furthermore, CSS could increase phosphorylated (p) PI3K/PI3K and pAKT/AKT levels and decrease the pGSK3β/GSK3β level in the hippocampus of CUMS mice. The active compounds mainly included quercetin and luteolin, which showed good docking scores targeting the PI3K protein. Conclusion This network pharmacological and experimental study highlights that the PI3K/AKT pathway is the potential mechanism by which CSS is involved in MDD treatment. Quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol are probable active compounds in CSS, and these results might provide valuable guidance for further studies of MDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
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13
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Park KS. Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine Yijin-tang on polycystic ovary syndrome: A single-arm pilot study. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Han JY, Meininger G, Luo JC, Huang QB. Editorial: Traditional Chinese Medicine: Organ Vascular Injury - Volume II. Front Physiol 2021; 12:677858. [PMID: 34177621 PMCID: PMC8231435 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.677858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Gerald Meininger
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jin-Cai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Bing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Gyogamdan, a Traditional Medicine Prescription, Ameliorated Dermal Inflammation and Hyperactive Behavior in an Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model Exposed to Psychological Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6687513. [PMID: 33859711 PMCID: PMC8026289 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress (PS) plays a significant role as an aggravating factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). The traditional medicine prescription, Gyogamdan, has been used to treat chest discomfort and mood disorders caused by PS. This study investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract of Gyogamdan (GGDE) on stress-associated AD models and the underlying mechanisms. 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene- (DNCB-) treated BALB/c mice were exposed to social isolation (SI) stress. The effects of orally administered GGDE (100 or 500 mg/kg) were evaluated by ELISA, western blotting, and an open field test (OFT). SI stress exaggerated the skin inflammation and induced locomotor hyperactivity in the AD mouse model. GGDE reduced the levels of IgE, TNF-α, IL-13, eotaxin, and VEGF and mast cell/eosinophil infiltration and prevented the decreases in the levels of involucrin and loricrin in the skin. GGDE also suppressed the SI-induced increases in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT) in socially isolated AD mice. Furthermore, GGDE reduced traveling distances and mean speed significantly in the OFT. The in vitro experiments were performed using HaCaT, HMC-1, PC12, and BV2 cells. In the TNF-α/IFN-γ- (TI-) stimulated HaCaT cells, GGDE decreased the thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) production significantly by inhibiting p-STAT1 and NF-κB signaling. GGDE also reduced VEGF production in HMC-1 cells stimulated with CRH/substance P (SP) by inhibiting p-ERK signaling pathway. GGDE increased the cell viability significantly and suppressed apoptosis in CORT-stimulated PC12 cells. Moreover, GGDE suppressed the LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BV2 cells. These results suggest that GGDE might be useful in patients with AD, which is exacerbated by PS.
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16
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The Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Application and Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5555315. [PMID: 33727939 PMCID: PMC7935573 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5555315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a reproductive endocrine disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has influenced billions of women during childbearing age worldwide. Owing to its complex etiology and ambiguous pathogenesis, there is still not a specific method to cure it. Clinical treatments, such as hormone therapy and surgical treatment, have side effects. Therefore, it is essential and urgent to seek alternative treatment to solve these problems. The satisfactory efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), immunotherapy, medicinal foods, vitamin therapy, diet therapy, psychotherapy, spa, and oxygen therapy, in treating PCOS, has aroused an increasing number of medical workers' concern and gradually become the mainstream. This paper reviews the application of CAM in the treatment of PCOS, especially from the perspective of TCM. Meanwhile, the limitations of the literature about CAM in the treatment of PCOS are mentioned and analyzed as well.
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17
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The Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Associated Complementary and Alternative Medicine on Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6619597. [PMID: 33727940 PMCID: PMC7935578 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6619597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a touchy clinical and public health problem worldwide, which adversely affects women's health and health-related comorbidities for lifetime, and represents a tremendous burden for both the family of the patient and for society. According to the diagnostic criteria used and the population studied, the prevalence rate of PCOS is between 6% and 21%. However, current conventional modern medicines for PCOS are only moderately effective at controlling the signs and symptoms, while they are not thoroughly able to prevent complications. Therefore, many patients have turned to complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments. CAM use is wide spread among patients with PCOS, and more than 70% of patients use CAM at one point during their diseases. The patients' primary motivations include dissatisfaction with available medications, perceive higher risk of drug side effects and crushing health burden and economic costs, desire for symptom relief, pursuit of shortening the course of disease, and the belief that CAM therapy is in accordance with the patients' values and beliefs. At present, several CAM methods have been used in women with PCOS, which has achieved obvious effects. However, biologically plausible mechanisms of the action of traditional Chinese medicine- (TCM-) associated CAM for PCOS have not been systematically reviewed. This review briefly summarizes the current progress of the impact of herbal medicine on the outcomes of PCOS and introduces the mechanisms.
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18
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Xu Y, Pan CS, Li Q, Zhang HL, Yan L, Anwaier G, Wang XY, Yan LL, Fan JY, Li D, Han JY. The Ameliorating Effects of Bushen Huatan Granules and Kunling Wan on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Induced by Dehydroepiandrosterone in Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:525145. [PMID: 33762961 PMCID: PMC7982847 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.525145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the effects of Bushen Huatan Granules (BHG) and Kunling Wan (KW), the two Chinese medicines, on the regulation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods PCOS rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (6 mg/100 g/day) for 20 days, followed by treatment with BHG (0.75, 1.49, and 2.99 g/kg) or KW (0.46, 0.91, and 1.82 g/kg) by gavage for 4 weeks. Estrous cycle was detected by vaginal smears. Follicles development was assessed by histology. Levels of testosterone and insulin in serum were tested by ELISA. Apoptosis of Granulosa cells (GCs) was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling staining. Pathways associated with apoptosis were detected with western blot. Pregnancy outcome was also assessed. GCs were pre-treated with 10–5 M testosterone in vitro for 24 h, then incubated with serum from rats receiving BHG (1.49 g/kg) or KW (1.82 g/kg). The parameters concerning apoptosis, mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress were assessed. Results Post-treatment with either BHG or KW ameliorated DHEA-induced irregular estrous cycles, follicles development abnormalities, increase of testosterone and insulin in serum, and the apoptosis of GCs. Post-treatment with BHG decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-9/caspase 9, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, and mitochondria reactive oxygen species production, increased activities of complex I, II, IV of ovarian tissue. Post-treatment with KW decreased the levels of caspase-12, GRP78, C/EBP homologous protein, phosphorylation of IRE-I, x-box-binding protein 1s, as well as phosphorylation of proline-rich receptor-like protein kinase, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α and ATF4 of ovarian tissue and GCs. Both BHG and KW ameliorated pregnancy outcome. Conclusion This study demonstrated BHG or KW as a potential strategy for treatment of PCOS induced by DHEA, and suggested that the beneficial role of the two medicines were mediated by different pathway with the effect of BHG being correlated with the regulation of mitochondria, while the effect of KW being attributable to protection of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Chen M, Huang R, Fu W, Ou L, Men L, Zhang Z, Yang S, Liu Q, Luan J. Xiaoyaosan (Tiaogan-Liqi therapy) protects peritoneal macrophages from corticosterone-induced stress by regulating the interaction between glucocorticoid receptor and ABCA1. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1506. [PMID: 33313251 PMCID: PMC7729347 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that Xiaoyaosan (XYS), Tiaogan-Liqi therapy, has a protective function in depressive disorder, and can regulate body weight and corticosterone (CORT) level. However, little is known about the effect of XYS in treating atherosclerosis. This study aimed to explore the influence XYS on macrophage foam cell formation and related mechanism. Methods Rat peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were separated and stimulated with CORT and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The serum was obtained from rats treated with different doses of XYS and was added into the medium for macrophages. Then, the cell activity and lipid content of PMs were measured through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and oil red staining, respectively. The expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were detected. In addition, overexpression of GR and ABCA1 was performed and the effect on XYS treatment was subsequently assessed. Results The CCK-8 assay showed the serum increased cell activity of CORT-induced stress PMs in a XYS dose-dependent manner. Oil red staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the serum decreased lipids of PMs. In the XYS treated groups, HSP90 protein was decreased and protein levels of ABCA1 and GR were increased in cytoplasm, while GR protein in nucleus was decreased. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay indicated GR might interact with HSP90 and be involved with the function of XYS. Furthermore, overexpression of GR attenuated the protective function of XYS on CORT-induced stress in PMs, while overexpression of ABCA1 enhanced that. Conclusions This study denoted that XYS could protect PMs from CORT-induced stress by regulating the interaction of GR and ABCA1, which might contribute to the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjun Fu
- Centre for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Men
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shudong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jienan Luan
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Kwon CY, Cho IH, Park KS. Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines for Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1192. [PMID: 32903374 PMCID: PMC7434855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders of endocrinology in reproductive-age women. In this study, we reviewed data on the effects and underlying mechanisms of herbal medicines used in the treatment of PCOS in laboratory studies. Methods Articles published in English up to June 30, 2018 were searched in Medline and EMBASE. We extracted data regarding herbal intervention; target cell (or animal model) usage; method of herbal extraction; route of administration; dosage and periods; and outcomes of the compounds isolated from herbs, individual herbal extracts, and herbal formula decoctions. We summarized the actions and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on PCOS. Results A total of 27 studies involving 22 herbal medicines reported their efficacy on PCOS. The herbal interventions in the 27 studies comprised four compounds isolated from herbs (6 studies), nine individual herbal extracts (11 studies), and nine herbal formula decoctions (10 studies). Herbal medicines normalized female hormones, diminished male hormones, recovered the estrous cycle, ameliorated insulin resistance, and improved lipid metabolism in PCOS. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on PCOS were found to be associated with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, inhibition of autophagy and/or apoptosis, and ovarian nerve growth factor reduction. Conclusions Herbal medicines are thought to be promising resources in the development of effective therapeutic agents for PCOS. Further studies that include methodological quality assessment and quantitative synthesis of outcomes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Xiao-Yao-San Formula Improves Cognitive Ability by Protecting the Hippocampal Neurons in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4156145. [PMID: 32655660 PMCID: PMC7321526 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4156145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Xiao-Yao-San (XYS) decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine formula. This study aimed to investigate the effect of XYS on cognitive abilities and its underlying mechanism in ovariectomized rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and treated with XYS (3 g/kg or 9 g/kg) by gavage, with subcutaneous injection of 17-β estradiol (E2, 2 μg/kg) as a positive drug control and gavage of 1 ml saline (0.9%) as a placebo control. After 6 weeks of treatment, rats were examined using the Morris water maze test. The estradiol level in the serum and hippocampus was measured by ELISA. Golgi staining was performed to observe neuronal morphology in the hippocampus. Apoptosis of hippocampal cells was observed by TUNEL staining. The protein content of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) 2A and 2B in the hippocampal CA1 region was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and PI3K signaling was detected by Western blot. Compared with the sham group, both learning and memory were impaired in ovariectomized rats. Rats treated with E2 or high-dose XYS showed better learning and memory compared with the saline-treated rats. High-dose XYS significantly reduced escape latency in the spatial acquisition trial; meanwhile, the cross times and duration in the probe quadrant were increased in the spatial probe trial. High-dose XYS promoted the de novo synthesis of E2 content in the hippocampus but had no significant effect on the serum E2 level. Golgi staining indicated that high-dose XYS could increase the branch number and density of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 area. TUNEL staining showed that high-dose XYS alleviated ovariectomy-induced neuronal apoptosis. The expression level of NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B in hippocampal CA1 was upregulated by XYS treatment. The beneficial effect of XYS was through activating ERα-PI3K signaling. In conclusion, high-dose XYS treatment can improve the cognitive abilities of ovariectomized rats by protecting the hippocampal neurons and restoring the hippocampal E2 level.
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Xu HX, Lin SX, Gong Y, Huo ZX, Zhao CY, Zhu HM, Xi SY. Chaiyu-Dixian Formula Exerts Protective Effects on Ovarian Follicular Abnormal Development in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:245. [PMID: 32265693 PMCID: PMC7105682 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic stress has been known to impair the female reproductive function, but the mechanism remains to be further investigated. Chaiyu-Dixian Formula (CYDXF) has been reported to regulate human endocrine disorders clinically. However, whether this formula can affect chronic stress-induced ovarian follicular development is not clear. Aim of the study To examine effects of CYDXF on follicular development and explore possible mech anisms in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model. Materials and Methods Adult female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups control group, CUMS group (saline treatment), CUMS+Estradiol (E2) (0.1 mg/kg) group, CUMS+CYDXF (2.73 g/kg) group, and CUMS+CYDXF (5.46 g/kg) group. Body weights and behavioral tests were documented. Serum hormone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels in the PI3K/Akt pathway and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The follicles were analyzed and classified according to their morphological characterization. Results CYDXF relieved depression-like behaviors and ameliorated the abnormality in rat estrous cycle within the rat model of CUMS. Moreover, CYDXF could regulate endocrine disorders, increase the proportion of antral follicles as well as decrease the proportion of follicular atresia, which suggested that CYDXF could alleviate abnormal follicular development and improve overall ovarian function. Furthermore, CYDXF also activated the BDNF-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions CYDXF (at dose of both 2.73 and 5.46 g/kg) attenuated chronic stress-induced abnormal ovarian follicular development by relieving depression-like behaviors and improving ovarian function through partly the regulation of the BDNF-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xian Xu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Xia Lin
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zi-Xuan Huo
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Xi
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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23
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Zhang D, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Chai X, Pi R, Chan G, Hu Y. Translating traditional herbal formulas into modern drugs: a network-based analysis of Xiaoyao decoction. Chin Med 2020; 15:25. [PMID: 32190105 PMCID: PMC7075005 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) encompasses numerous herbal formulas which play critical therapeutic roles through "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanisms. Exploring the interaction among these mechanisms can certainly help to depict the core therapeutic function of herbal formulas. Xiaoyao decoction (XYD) is one of the most well-known traditional Chinese medicine formulas which has been widely applied to treat various diseases. In this study, taking XYD as an example, we proposed a network pharmacology-based method to identify the main therapeutic targets of this herbal concoctions. Methods Chemical data of XYD were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database (TCMID) and Compound Reference Database (CRD) and screened oral bioavailability attributes from SwissADME using Veber's filter. Targets of sample chemicals were identified using the online tool similarity ensemble approach (SEA), and pathways were enriched using STRING database. On the basis of targets-pathways interactions from the enrichment, a "targets-pathways-targets" (TPT) network was constructed. In the TPT network, the importance of each target was calculated by the declining value of network efficiency, which represents the influential strength of a specific set-off target on the whole network. Network-based predictive results were statistically validated with existing experimental evidence. Results The TPT network was comprised of 279 nodes and 6549 edges. The declining value of network efficiency of the sample targets was significantly correlated with their involvement frequency in existing studies of XYD using Spearman's test (p < 0.001). The top 10% of candidate targets, such as AKT1, PIK3R1, NFKB1 and RELA, etc., were chosen as XYD's main therapeutic targets, which further show pharmacological functions synergistically through 11 main pathways. These pathways are responsible for endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases, neoplasms and diseases of the nervous system, etc. Conclusions The network pharmacology-based approach in the present study shows promising potential for identifying the main therapeutic targets from TCM formulas. This study provides valuable information for TCM researchers and clinicians for better understanding the main therapeutic targets and therapeutic roles of herbal decoctions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyan Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Gao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xingyun Chai
- 2Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Ging Chan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Fu W, Chen M, Ou L, Li T, Chang X, Huang R, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Xiaoyaosan prevents atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation through heat shock protein/glucocorticoid receptor axis-mediated mechanism. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5531-5545. [PMID: 31632527 PMCID: PMC6789251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a metabolic and chronic inflammatory disease caused by deposition of lipoproteins in arteries. However, the diagnostic drug and the mechanism for this vascular disease are less studied. In the present study, atherosclerosis model was developed using apolipoprotein E-deficient mice that was treated with long-term high-fat food and chronic stresses. Xiaoyaosan (XYS) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU 38486 were orally administrated to the mice. The change of aortic root vessels was observed by histological analysis. The results indicate that high-fat food coupled with chronic stress induced atherosclerosis in mice model, with plaque formation in the entire aortas foam cells and macrophage infiltration in aortic tissues. However, XYS granules inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesion, with down-regulation of GC, TC, TG, HDL-C, ox-LDL, LDL-C, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α measured by ELISA method; XYS inhibited the expressions of GR, CD36, HSP27/60/90, and induced ABCA1 in atherosclerotic mice, which was measured by qPCR and Western blot, which showed similar effect as positive control RU 38486 did. The interaction between HSP90-GR complexes and CD36 was validated in atherosclerotic mice. Our results inferred that the HSP/GR complex-mediated CD36 axis was involved in the regulation of atherosclerosis development in mice verified by Co-IP assay, EMSA, and Chip-PCR. These findings not only provide the potential therapeutic value of Xiaoyaosan for atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque but also brought forth a novel strategy for preventing the formation and treatment of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques through the elucidated mechanism of XYS on vulnerable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Fu
- Centre for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingtai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Forth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Forth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Forth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Chang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Forth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruolan Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Forth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Forth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
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25
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Zhao HB, Jiang YM, Hou YJ, Yan ZY, Liu YY, Li XJ, Gong WJ. Xiaoyaosan Produces Antidepressant Effects in Rats via the JNK Signaling Pathway. Complement Med Res 2019; 27:47-54. [DOI: 10.1159/000501995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Xiaoyaosan (XYS) has achieved definite curative effects in clinic. However, the mechanism is not clear. Previous studies of our team indicated XYS improved anxiety-like behaviors through inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway of hippocampus. Objectives: In the study, we explored whether the JNK signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism of XYS treating depression. Method: Forty-eight rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 12): the control group (deionized water, p.o.), the model group (deionized water, p.o.), the fluoxetine group (2.08 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and the XYS group (3.9 g/kg/day, p.o.). All rats except for the control group were given continuous 21 days of chronic immobilization stress (CIS; 3 h/day). On day 29, the body weights and the behavioral tests, including the novelty suppressed feeding test, the open field test, and the elevated plus maze test, were measured. On day 30, all the rats were sacrificed, and three indices of the JNK signaling pathway were tested by Western blot. Results: The body weight and behavioral tests of all groups indicated that 21 days of CIS induced depression-like behaviors. After 21 days of treatment with fluoxetine and XYS, changes were seen in body weight, behaviors, and JNK, phosphorylated JNK (P-JNK), and phosphorylated c-Jun (P-c-Jun) levels in the hippocampus. Conclusions: XYS ameliorated the depression-like behaviors, potentially through affecting the JNK signaling pathway in the hippocampus.
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26
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Hu MZ, Wang AR, Zhao ZY, Chen XY, Li YB, Liu B. Antidepressant-like effects of paeoniflorin on post-stroke depression in a rat model. Neurol Res 2019; 41:446-455. [PMID: 30759063 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1576361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most prevalent emotional disorders after stroke and often results in poor outcomes. However, the underlying physiopathologic mechanism and effective treatment of PSD remain poorly elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether paeoniflorin has antidepressant-like activity in a rat model of PSD. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated control (Sham), PSD, paeoniflorin (with PSD) and fluoxetine group(with PSD). PSD was developed by the right middle cerebral artery occlusion followed 21 days chronic unpredictable mild stress combined (CUMS) with raised alone. Tests of sucrose preference and open field were used to assess the depression-like behavior. Neurological function was evaluated by neurological deficit score and beam balance test. Expression of phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the CA1 region of the hippocampal complex was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Te depressive-like behaviors markedly improved after paeoniflorin and fluoxetine treatment. Furthermore, paeoniflorin treatment significantly increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the CA1 region. CONCLUSIONS Observed results suggested that paeoniflorin could ameliorate the symptoms and improve the functional capability of PSD rats, similar to the effect of fluoxetine. ABBREVIATIONS PSD: post-stroke depression; CUMS: chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; OFT: open field test; SPT: sucrose preference test, NDS: neurological deficit score, BBT: beam balance test; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein; p-CREB: phosphorylated Cyclic-AMP responsive element binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhe Hu
- a The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - An-Rong Wang
- b Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhao
- c School of Clinical Medicine , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , China
| | - Xiang-Yan Chen
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Zibo City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zibo , China
| | - Yan-Bin Li
- e Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Bin Liu
- e Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders of reproductive endocrinology in women of reproductive age. Lifestyle intervention and oral contraceptives are the first-line treatments for PCOS. Recent studies have suggested that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies including acupuncture, herbal medicine, and mind-body therapy have the potential to alleviate the symptoms and/or pathology of PCOS and to improve the quality of life of women with PCOS. This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively summarize the efficacy and safety of moxibustion combined with oriental herbal medicine (OHM), common CAM therapies, for treating PCOS. METHODS Four databases were searched from their inception to June 22, 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs using both OHM and moxibustion as experimental intervention, and western medication (WM) as control intervention were included. Studies involving OHM plus moxibustion combined with WM as the experimental intervention were also included. The quality of included studies was assessed using risk of bias tool. RESULTS Owing to the heterogeneity of reporting, meta-analysis was only performed for pregnancy rate, rate of normal biphasic basal body temperature (BBT), and total effective rate (TER). The results showed that compared to the WM group, the OHM combined with moxibustion group was associated with significantly higher pregnancy rate (risk ratio [RR] 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55-2.47; I = 0%), normal biphasic BBT rate (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.34-2.05; I = 0%), and TER (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.31; I = 0%). When OHM combined with moxibustion was used as an adjunctive therapy to WM, pregnancy rate (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.29-2.11; I = 0%), and TER (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13-1.61; I = 43%) were significantly higher than those of the WM group. CONCLUSION According to current evidence, OHM combined with moxibustion might be beneficial for treating PCOS. Moreover, the treatment might improve the therapeutic effects of conventional WMs including clomiphene citrate, oral contraceptives, and/or metformin. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution, owing to poor methodological quality of the included studies. Further larger, high-quality, rigorous RCTs should be conducted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul
- Yanggu Public Health Center, Gangwon-do
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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An X, Zhang M, Zhou S, Lu T, Chen Y, Yao L. Xiao-Shen-Formula, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Improves Glomerular Hyper-Filtration in Diabetic Nephropathy via Inhibiting Arginase Activation and Heparanase Expression. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1195. [PMID: 30319431 PMCID: PMC6169603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia induces glomerular hyper-filtration, which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a condition that remains a challenge for treatment. The present study investigated the effect of Xiao-Shen-Formula (XSF) used for treatment of renal injury in type 1 DN mice model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and its underlying mechanism in cultured human glomerular endothelial cell (hGECs). Studies were performed using control, diabetic DN, DN treated with XSF groups (1 g/kg/d, LXSF or 3 g/kg/d, HXSF) for 6 weeks and hGECs were post-treated with mice serum containing HXSF (MS-HXSF) and arginase inhibitor (ABH, 100 μM) in high glucose medium. HXSF treatment restored STZ-induced renal hyper-filtration, glomerulosclerosis, renal microvascular remodeling and the increased levels of systemic reactive oxidative species and inflammatory cytokines, accompanied by preventing the decreased expression of glomerular heparin sulfate and the increased levels of cortical heparanase and argianse2 protein and arginase activity. In hGECs study, MS-HXSF ameliorated the enhancement in arginase activity, the protein/mRNA expression of heparanase, mRNA levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and permeability of hGECs monolayers as well as the depression of nitric oxide production. Besides all these protective effects, XSF blunted the mRNA expression of TNF-α in vivo and vitro studies as well, which was not changed by the post-treatment of ABH or HXSF plus ABH. This study demonstrated that the protective effect of XSF might be related with vascular prevention, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation through intervening multi-targets including glomerular endothelial arginase-heparanase signaling pathway in DN model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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