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Martin FJO, Santiveri M, Hu H, Taylor NMI. Ion-driven rotary membrane motors: From structure to function. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 88:102884. [PMID: 39053417 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Ion-driven membrane motors, essential across all domains of life, convert a gradient of ions across a membrane into rotational energy, facilitating diverse biological processes including ATP synthesis, substrate transport, and bacterial locomotion. Herein, we highlight recent structural advances in the understanding of two classes of ion-driven membrane motors: rotary ATPases and 5:2 motors. The recent structure of the human F-type ATP synthase is emphasised along with the gained structural insight into clinically relevant mutations. Furthermore, we highlight the diverse roles of 5:2 motors and recent mechanistic understanding gained through the resolution of ions in the structure of a sodium-driven motor, combining insights into potential unifying mechanisms of ion selectivity and rotational torque generation in the context of their function as part of complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie J O Martin
- Structural Biology of Molecular Machines Group, Protein Structure & Function Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mònica Santiveri
- Structural Biology of Molecular Machines Group, Protein Structure & Function Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haidai Hu
- Structural Biology of Molecular Machines Group, Protein Structure & Function Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas M I Taylor
- Structural Biology of Molecular Machines Group, Protein Structure & Function Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Yang T, Liu Y, Lin Z, Chen F, Zhu L, Zhang L, Zhou B, Li F, Sun H. Altered N6-methyladenosine methylation level in spermatozoa messenger RNA of the male partners is related to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38979761 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss is paramount for advancing effective treatments. Various biological processes, including spermatogenesis and embryo development, are tightly regulated by N6-methyladenosine modifications. However, few studies have focused on the impact of sperm N6-methyladenosine modifications on embryonic development. Therefore, we aimed to study altered N6-methyladenosine-mediated messenger RNA methylation modifications in the spermatozoa of male partners from couples experiencing unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, to identify potential diagnostic markers and explore their potential molecular mechanisms in pregnancy loss and embryogenesis. METHODS Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) sequencing and RNA sequencing were conducted on the spermatozoa of men from couples in the 'unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss' group (n = 6), and the fertility control group (n = 6). To identify the role of the detected key genes, zebrafish model embryos were studied, and multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) analyses helped to explore the molecular mechanism of abnormal embryogenesis. FINDINGS Comparing unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss with the fertility control group, 217 N6-methyladenosine peaks were significantly upregulated, and 40 were downregulated in the spermatozoa. The combined analyses of spermatozoa-methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing indicated that N6-methyladenosine methylation and the expression of SEMA5A, MT-ATP6, ZNF662, and KDM4C were significantly different. In zebrafish embryos, the altered expression of the four genes increased embryonic mortality and malformations by disturbing several key signaling pathways and zygotic genome activation. INTERPRETATION This study highlights the paternal epigenome, which could be one of the reasons for faulty embryogenesis leading to pregnancy loss. The N6-methyladenosine modification, the most prevalent RNA modification, contributes to the exploration and understanding of the paternal epigenome in the maintenance of pregnancy and fetal growth and development. The four genes identified in this study may serve as potential diagnostic markers and elucidate novel molecular mechanisms of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Andrology/Human Sperm Bank of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Andrology/Human Sperm Bank of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology/Hemodialysis Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuping Li
- Department of Andrology/Human Sperm Bank of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mandic M, Paunovic V, Vucicevic L, Kosic M, Mijatovic S, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. No energy, no autophagy-Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of autophagic response energy requirements. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31366. [PMID: 38958520 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated self-degradation process of central importance for cellular quality control. It also provides macromolecule building blocks and substrates for energy metabolism during nutrient or energy deficiency, which are the main stimuli for autophagy induction. However, like most biological processes, autophagy itself requires ATP, and there is an energy threshold for its initiation and execution. We here present the first comprehensive review of this often-overlooked aspect of autophagy research. The studies in which ATP deficiency suppressed autophagy in vitro and in vivo were classified according to the energy pathway involved (oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis). A mechanistic insight was provided by pinpointing the critical ATP-consuming autophagic events, including transcription/translation/interaction of autophagy-related molecules, autophagosome formation/elongation, autophagosome fusion with the lysosome, and lysosome acidification. The significance of energy-dependent fine-tuning of autophagic response for preserving the cell homeostasis, and potential implications for the therapy of cancer, autoimmunity, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mandic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Mijatovic
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Slade L, Deane CS, Szewczyk NJ, Etheridge T, Whiteman M. Hydrogen sulfide supplementation as a potential treatment for primary mitochondrial diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107180. [PMID: 38599468 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) are amongst the most common inborn errors of metabolism causing fatal outcomes within the first decade of life. With marked heterogeneity in both inheritance patterns and physiological manifestations, these conditions present distinct challenges for targeted drug therapy, where effective therapeutic countermeasures remain elusive within the clinic. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-based therapeutics may offer a new option for patient treatment, having been proposed as a conserved mitochondrial substrate and post-translational regulator across species, displaying therapeutic effects in age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative models of mitochondrial disease. H2S can stimulate mitochondrial respiration at sites downstream of common PMD-defective subunits, augmenting energy production, mitochondrial function and reducing cell death. Here, we highlight the primary signalling mechanisms of H2S in mitochondria relevant for PMD and outline key cytoprotective proteins/pathways amenable to post-translational restoration via H2S-mediated persulfidation. The mechanisms proposed here, combined with the advent of potent mitochondria-targeted sulfide delivery molecules, could provide a framework for H2S as a countermeasure for PMD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Slade
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Colleen S Deane
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, United Kingdom; Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurologic Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, Greece
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
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Del Dotto V, Musiani F, Baracca A, Solaini G. Variants in Human ATP Synthase Mitochondrial Genes: Biochemical Dysfunctions, Associated Diseases, and Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2239. [PMID: 38396915 PMCID: PMC10889682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) catalyzes the last step of oxidative phosphorylation and provides most of the energy (ATP) required by human cells. The mitochondrial genes MT-ATP6 and MT-ATP8 encode two subunits of the multi-subunit Complex V. Since the discovery of the first MT-ATP6 variant in the year 1990 as the cause of Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome, a large and continuously increasing number of inborn variants in the MT-ATP6 and MT-ATP8 genes have been identified as pathogenic. Variants in these genes correlate with various clinical phenotypes, which include several neurodegenerative and multisystemic disorders. In the present review, we report the pathogenic variants in mitochondrial ATP synthase genes and highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying ATP synthase deficiency that promote biochemical dysfunctions. We discuss the possible structural changes induced by the most common variants found in patients by considering the recent cryo-electron microscopy structure of human ATP synthase. Finally, we provide the state-of-the-art of all therapeutic proposals reported in the literature, including drug interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions, allotopic gene expression- and nuclease-based strategies, and discuss their potential translation into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Del Dotto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.D.D.); (G.S.)
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Jiko C, Morimoto Y, Tsukihara T, Gerle C. Large-scale column-free purification of bovine F-ATP synthase. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105603. [PMID: 38159856 PMCID: PMC10851226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian F-ATP synthase is central to mitochondrial bioenergetics and is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane in a dynamic oligomeric state of higher oligomers, tetramers, dimers, and monomers. In vitro investigations of mammalian F-ATP synthase are often limited by the ability to purify the oligomeric forms present in vivo at a quantity, stability, and purity that meets the demand of the planned experiment. We developed a purification approach for the isolation of bovine F-ATP synthase from heart muscle mitochondria that uses a combination of buffer conditions favoring inhibitor factor 1 binding and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation to yield stable complexes at high purity in the milligram range. By tuning the glyco-diosgenin to lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol ratio in a final gradient, fractions that are either enriched in tetrameric or monomeric F-ATP synthase can be obtained. It is expected that this large-scale column-free purification strategy broadens the spectrum of in vitro investigation on mammalian F-ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimari Jiko
- Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yukio Morimoto
- Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomitake Tsukihara
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Koto, Kamigori, Hyogo, Japan; Laboratory for Protein Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Laboratory for Protein Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Life Science Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan.
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7
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Głodowicz P, Kuczyński K, Val R, Dietrich A, Rolle K. Mitochondrial transport of catalytic RNAs and targeting of the organellar transcriptome in human cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad051. [PMID: 37591617 PMCID: PMC11148835 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the small genome present in mitochondria often result in severe pathologies. Different genetic strategies have been explored, aiming to rescue such mutations. A number of these strategies were based on the capacity of human mitochondria to import RNAs from the cytosol and designed to repress the replication of the mutated genomes or to provide the organelles with wild-type versions of mutant transcripts. However, the mutant RNAs present in mitochondria turned out to be an obstacle to therapy and little attention has been devoted so far to their elimination. Here, we present the development of a strategy to knockdown mitochondrial RNAs in human cells using the transfer RNA-like structure of Brome mosaic virus or Tobacco mosaic virus as a shuttle to drive trans-cleaving ribozymes into the organelles in human cell lines. We obtained a specific knockdown of the targeted mitochondrial ATP6 mRNA, followed by a deep drop in ATP6 protein and a functional impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation chain. Our strategy provides a powerful approach to eliminate mutant organellar transcripts and to analyse the control and communication of the human organellar genetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Głodowicz
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Konrad Kuczyński
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Romain Val
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and University of Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - André Dietrich
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and University of Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Katarzyna Rolle
- Department of Molecular Neurooncology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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Indelicato E, Boesch S, Mencacci NE, Ghezzi D, Prokisch H, Winkelmann J, Zech M. Dystonia in ATP Synthase Defects: Reconnecting Mitochondria and Dopamine. Mov Disord 2024; 39:29-35. [PMID: 37964479 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Indelicato
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Niccolo' E Mencacci
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- DZPG, Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Fergany A, Zong C, Ekuban FA, Wu B, Ueha S, Shichino S, Matsushima K, Iwakura Y, Ichihara S, Ichihara G. Transcriptome analysis of the cerebral cortex of acrylamide-exposed wild-type and IL-1β-knockout mice. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:181-205. [PMID: 37971544 PMCID: PMC10761544 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is an environmental electrophile that has been produced in large amounts for many years. There is concern about the adverse health effects of acrylamide exposure due to its widespread industrial use and also presence in commonly consumed foods and others. IL-1β is a key cytokine that protects the brain from inflammatory insults, but its role in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. We reported recently that deletion of IL-1β gene exacerbates ACR-induced neurotoxicity in mice. The aim of this study was to identify genes or signaling pathway(s) involved in enhancement of ACR-induced neurotoxicity by IL-1β gene deletion or ACR-induced neurotoxicity to generate a hypothesis mechanism explaining ACR-induced neurotoxicity. C57BL/6 J wild-type and IL-1β KO mice were exposed to ACR at 0, 12.5, 25 mg/kg by oral gavage for 7 days/week for 4 weeks, followed by extraction of mRNA from mice cerebral cortex for RNA sequence analysis. IL-1β deletion altered the expression of genes involved in extracellular region, including upregulation of PFN1 gene related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and increased the expression of the opposite strand of IL-1β. Acrylamide exposure enhanced mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation, synapse and ribosome pathways, and activated various pathways of different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and prion disease. Protein network analysis suggested the involvement of different proteins in related to learning and cognitive function, such as Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nr4a1, and Btg2. Our results identified possible pathways involved in IL-1β deletion-potentiated and ACR-induced neurotoxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzahraa Fergany
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Building No. 15, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genetic Engineering in Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Building No. 15, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Frederick Adams Ekuban
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Building No. 15, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Building No. 15, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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10
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Shaik SM, Cao Y, Gogola JV, Dodiya HB, Zhang X, Boutej H, Han W, Kriz J, Sisodia SS. Translational profiling identifies sex-specific metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of cortical microglia/macrophages in APPPS1-21 mice with an antibiotic-perturbed-microbiome. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:95. [PMID: 38104136 PMCID: PMC10725591 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the brain-resident macrophages perform immune surveillance and engage with pathological processes resulting in phenotype changes necessary for maintaining homeostasis. In preceding studies, we showed that antibiotic-induced perturbations of the gut microbiome of APPPS1-21 mice resulted in significant attenuation in Aβ amyloidosis and altered microglial phenotypes that are specific to male mice. The molecular events underlying microglial phenotypic transitions remain unclear. Here, by generating 'APPPS1-21-CD11br' reporter mice, we investigated the translational state of microglial/macrophage ribosomes during their phenotypic transition and in a sex-specific manner. METHODS Six groups of mice that included WT-CD11br, antibiotic (ABX) or vehicle-treated APPPS1-21-CD11br males and females were sacrificed at 7-weeks of age (n = 15/group) and used for immunoprecipitation of microglial/macrophage polysomes from cortical homogenates using anti-FLAG antibody. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and label-free quantification was used to identify newly synthesized peptides isolated from polysomes. RESULTS We show that ABX-treatment leads to decreased Aβ levels in male APPPS1-21-CD11br mice with no significant changes in females. We identified microglial/macrophage polypeptides involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and altered calcium signaling that are associated with Aβ-induced oxidative stress. Notably, female mice also showed downregulation of newly-synthesized ribosomal proteins. Furthermore, male mice showed an increase in newly-synthesized polypeptides involved in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, while females showed an increase in newly-synthesized polypeptides responsible for actin organization associated with microglial activation. Next, we show that ABX-treatment resulted in substantial remodeling of the epigenetic landscape, leading to a metabolic shift that accommodates the increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands associated with microglial polarization in a sex-specific manner. While microglia in ABX-treated male mice exhibited a metabolic shift towards a neuroprotective phenotype that promotes Aβ clearance, microglia in ABX-treated female mice exhibited loss of energy homeostasis due to persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired lysosomal clearance that was associated with inflammatory phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide the first snapshot of the translational state of microglial/macrophage cells in a mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis that was subject to ABX treatment. ABX-mediated changes resulted in metabolic reprogramming of microglial phenotypes to modulate immune responses and amyloid clearance in a sex-specific manner. This microglial plasticity to support neuro-energetic homeostasis for its function based on sex paves the path for therapeutic modulation of immunometabolism for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana M Shaik
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yajun Cao
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph V Gogola
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hemraj B Dodiya
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xulun Zhang
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hejer Boutej
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Weinong Han
- Dept. of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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Althaher AR, Alwahsh M. An overview of ATP synthase, inhibitors, and their toxicity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22459. [PMID: 38106656 PMCID: PMC10722325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) is a remarkable molecular motor crucial in generating ATP and sustaining mitochondrial function. Its importance in cellular metabolism cannot be overstated, as malfunction of ATP synthase has been linked to various pathological conditions. Both natural and synthetic ATP synthase inhibitors have been extensively studied, revealing their inhibitory sites and modes of action. These findings have opened exciting avenues for developing new therapeutics and discovering new pesticides and herbicides to safeguard global food supplies. However, it is essential to remember that these compounds can also adversely affect human and animal health, impacting vital organs such as the nervous system, heart, and kidneys. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of mitochondrial ATP synthase, its structural and functional features, and the most common inhibitors and their potential toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa R. Althaher
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alwahsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
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12
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Alwehaidah MS, Alsabbagh M, Al-Kafaji G. Comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial DNA variants, mitochondrial DNA copy number and oxidative damage in psoriatic arthritis. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:85. [PMID: 37881602 PMCID: PMC10594069 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and immuno-mediated diseases. The present study analysed the entire mitochondrial genome by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 23 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and 20 healthy controls to identify PsA-related variants. Changes in mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) were also evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and mtDNA oxidative damage was measured using an 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine assay. NGS analysis revealed a total of 435 variants including 187 in patients with PsA only and 122 in controls only. Additionally, 126 common variants were found, of which 2 variants differed significantly in their frequencies among patients and controls (P<0.05), and may be associated with susceptibility to PsA. A total of 33 missense variants in mtDNA-encoded genes for complexes I, III, IV and V were identified only in patients with PsA. Of them, 25 variants were predicted to be deleterious by affecting the functions and structures of encoded proteins, and 13 variants were predicted to affect protein's stability. mtDNAcn analysis revealed decreased mtDNA content in patients with PsA compared with controls (P=0.0001) but the decrease in mtDNAcn was not correlated with patients' age or inflammatory biomarkers (P>0.05). Moreover, a higher level of oxidative damage was observed in patients with PsA compared with controls (P=0.03). The results of the present comprehensive analysis of mtDNA in PsA revealed that certain mtDNA variants may be implicated in the predisposition/pathogenesis of PsA, highlighting the importance of NGS in the identification of mtDNA variants in PsA. The current results also demonstrated that decreased mtDNAcn in PsA may be a consequence of increased oxidative stress. These data provide valuable insights into the contribution of mtDNA defects to the pathogenesis of PsA. Additional studies in larger cohorts are needed to elucidate the role of mtDNA defects in PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Materah Salem Alwehaidah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, City of Kuwait 31470, State of Kuwait
| | - Manhel Alsabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
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13
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Usey MM, Huet D. ATP synthase-associated coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain-containing proteins are critical for mitochondrial function in Toxoplasma gondii. mBio 2023; 14:e0176923. [PMID: 37796022 PMCID: PMC10653836 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01769-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Members of the coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain protein family are transported into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where they play important roles in the biogenesis and function of the organelle. Unexpectedly, the ATP synthase of the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii harbors CHCH domain-containing subunits of unknown function. As no other ATP synthase studied to date contains this class of proteins, characterizing their function will be of broad interest to the fields of molecular parasitology and mitochondrial evolution. Here, we demonstrate that that two T. gondii ATP synthase subunits containing CHCH domains are required for parasite survival and for stability and function of the ATP synthase. We also show that knockdown disrupts multiple aspects of the mitochondrial morphology of T. gondii and that mutation of key residues in the CHCH domains caused mis-localization of the proteins. This work provides insight into the unique features of the apicomplexan ATP synthase, which could help to develop therapeutic interventions against this parasite and other apicomplexans, such as the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine M. Usey
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Diego Huet
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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14
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Cai LN, Zhang LH, Lin YJ, Wang JY, Storey KB, Zhang JY, Yu DN. Two-Fold ND5 Genes, Three-Fold Control Regions, lncRNA, and the "Missing" ATP8 Found in the Mitogenomes of Polypedates megacephalus (Rhacophridae: Polypedates). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2857. [PMID: 37760257 PMCID: PMC10525163 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In prior research on the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Polypedates megacephalus, the one copy of ND5 gene was translocated to the control region (CR) and the ATP8 gene was not found. Gene loss is uncommon among vertebrates. However, in this study, we resequenced the mitogenomes of P. megacephalus from different regions using a "primer bridging" approach with Sanger sequencing technologies, which revealed the "missing" ATP8 gene in P. megacephalus as well as three other previously published Polypedates. The mitogenome of this species was found to contain two copies of the ND5 genes and three copies of the control regions. Furthermore, multiple tandem repeats were identified in the control regions. Notably, we observed that there was no correlation between genetic divergence and geographic distance. However, using the mitogenome, gene expression analysis was performed via RT-qPCR of liver samples and it was thus determined that COIII, ND2, ND4, and ND6 were reduced to 0.64 ± 0.24, 0.55 ± 0.34, 0.44 ± 0.21 and 0.65 ± 0.17, respectively, under low-temperature stress (8 °C) as compared with controls (p < 0.05). Remarkably, the transcript of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) between positions 8029 and 8612 decreased significantly with exposure to low-temperature stress (8 °C). Antisense ND6 gene expression showed a downward trend, but this was not significant. These results reveal that modulations of protein-coding mitochondrial genes and lncRNAs of P. megacephalus play a crucial role in the molecular response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Na Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.-N.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-Y.W.)
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- Taishun County Forestry Bureau, Wenzhou 325200, China;
| | - Yi-Jie Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.-N.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-Y.W.)
| | - Jing-Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.-N.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-Y.W.)
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.-N.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-Y.W.)
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Dan-Na Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.-N.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-Y.W.)
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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15
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Zheng Y, Pan L, He J, Yan J, Xia Y, Lin C, Chen X, Zhao Q, Zeng Q, Julikezi M, Lin X, Li K, Bu Y, Fan Y, Yao L, Zhang M, Chen Y. Electroacupuncture-modulated extracellular ATP levels in prefrontal cortex ameliorated depressive-like behavior of maternal separation rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114548. [PMID: 37355234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) is a type of early-life stress that has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression. Increasing evidence indicates that the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. To investigate the potential relationship between ATP in PFC and antidepressant effects of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment, we assessed genes involved in ATP biosynthesis as well as the extracellular ATP levels in a rat model exposed to neonatal MS. Our results demonstrated that reduced expression of ABCG2 (an ATP-binding cassette protein) and ATP levels in the PFC of depressive-like rats exposed to MS can be attenuated by EA stimulus at the Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) acupoints. Moreover, the antidepressant effect of EA treatment was blocked by administration of suramin, a broad purinergic P2 receptor antagonist. Together, these results suggested that electroacupuncture may be able to modulate extracellular ATP levels in the PFC of depressive-like MS rats, potentially contributing to its antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Zheng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang He
- Acupuncture and moxibustion and tuina college, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinglan Yan
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yucen Xia
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuqi Lin
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Zhao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zeng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maidinaimu Julikezi
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Bu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yujing Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Mottaghi-Dastjerdi N, Ghorbani A, Montazeri H, Guzzi PH. A systems biology approach to pathogenesis of gastric cancer: gene network modeling and pathway analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:248. [PMID: 37482618 PMCID: PMC10364406 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) ranks among the most common malignancies worldwide. This study aimed to find critical genes/pathways in GC pathogenesis. METHODS Gene interactions were analyzed, and the protein-protein interaction network was drawn. Then enrichment analysis of the hub genes was performed and network cluster analysis and promoter analysis of the hub genes were done. Age/sex analysis was done on the identified genes. RESULTS Eleven hub genes in GC were identified in the current study (ATP5A1, ATP5B, ATP5D, MT-ATP8, COX7A2, COX6C, ND4, ND6, NDUFS3, RPL8, and RPS16), mostly involved in mitochondrial functions. There was no report on the ATP5D, ND6, NDUFS3, RPL8, and RPS16 in GC. Our results showed that the most affected processes in GC are the metabolic processes, and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was considerably enriched which showed the significance of mitochondria in GC pathogenesis. Most of the affected pathways in GC were also involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Promoter analysis showed that negative regulation of signal transduction might play an important role in GC pathogenesis. In the analysis of the basal expression pattern of the selected genes whose basal expression presented a change during the age, we found that a change in age may be an indicator of changes in disease insurgence and/or progression at different ages. CONCLUSIONS These results might open up new insights into GC pathogenesis. The identified genes might be novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for GC. This work, being based on bioinformatics analysis act as a hypothesis generator that requires further clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Mottaghi-Dastjerdi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abozar Ghorbani
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamed Montazeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pietro Hiram Guzzi
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Panja C, Niedzwiecka K, Baranowska E, Poznanski J, Kucharczyk R. Analysis of MT-ATP8 gene variants reported in patients by modeling in silico and in yeast model organism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9972. [PMID: 37340059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in ATP synthase functioning due to the substitutions in its two mitochondrially encoded subunits a and 8 lead to untreatable mitochondrial diseases. Defining the character of variants in genes encoding these subunits is challenging due to their low frequency, heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA in patients' cells and polymorphisms of mitochondrial genome. We successfully used yeast S. cerevisiae as a model to study the effects of variants in MT-ATP6 gene and our research led to understand how eight amino acid residues substitutions impact the proton translocation through the channel formed by subunit a and c-ring of ATP synthase at the molecular level. Here we applied this approach to study the effects of the m.8403T>C variant in MT-ATP8 gene. The biochemical data from yeast mitochondria indicate that equivalent mutation is not detrimental for the yeast enzyme functioning. The structural analysis of substitutions in subunit 8 introduced by m.8403T>C and five other variants in MT-ATP8 provides indications about the role of subunit 8 in the membrane domain of ATP synthase and potential structural consequences of substitutions in this subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Panja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niedzwiecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Baranowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Poznanski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Chernyshova EV, Gureev AP, Sadovnikova IS, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Zorov DB, Popov VN. The Relationship of p62 Gene Expression with Integrity of Mitochondrial DNA and the Level of Lipid Peroxidation Products in Skeletal Muscles of Rats of Different Ages Exposed to Different Feeding Protocols. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:245-248. [PMID: 37466855 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) is one of the most important multifunctional proteins, which is necessary to maintain mitochondrial stability by eliminating damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. We studied the influence of age and diet on the expression of the p62 gene in the femoral and abdominal muscles of rats, as well as the integrity of some mitochondrial components. In the femoral muscles of 24-month-old rats receiving restricted ration, the expression of the p62 gene increased. We assume that activation of mitophagy contributed to a decrease in the levels of oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and LPO intensity in the femoral muscles of 24-month-old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A P Gureev
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineer Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| | | | - E Yu Plotnikov
- A. N. Be-lozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Silachev
- A. N. Be-lozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D B Zorov
- A. N. Be-lozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V N Popov
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineer Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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19
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Baranowska E, Niedzwiecka K, Panja C, Charles C, Dautant A, Poznanski J, di Rago JP, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Kucharczyk R. Probing the pathogenicity of patient-derived variants of MT-ATP6 in yeast. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:307138. [PMID: 37083953 PMCID: PMC10151828 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The list of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants detected in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases is constantly growing. Evaluating their functional consequences and pathogenicity is not easy, especially when they are found in only a limited number of patients together with wild-type mtDNA (heteroplasmy). Owing to its amenability to mitochondrial genetic transformation and incapacity to stably maintain heteroplasmy, and the strong evolutionary conservation of the proteins encoded in mitochondria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a convenient model to investigate the functional consequences of human mtDNA variants. We herein report the construction and energy-transducing properties of yeast models of eight MT-ATP6 gene variants identified in patients with various disorders: m.8843T>C, m.8950G>A, m.9016A>G, m.9025G>A, m.9029A>G, m.9058A>G, m.9139G>A and m.9160T>C. Significant defect in growth dependent on respiration and deficits in ATP production were observed in yeast models of m.8950G>A, m.9025G>A and m.9029A>G, providing evidence of pathogenicity for these variants. Yeast models of the five other variants showed very mild, if any, effect on mitochondrial function, suggesting that the variants do not have, at least alone, the potential to compromise human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Baranowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niedzwiecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiranjit Panja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camille Charles
- University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Dautant
- University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jarosław Poznanski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Yang H, Zhang H, Gu H, Wang J, Zhang J, Zen K, Li D. Comparative Analyses of Human Exosome Proteomes. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10100-0. [PMID: 36892742 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are responsible for cell-to-cell communication and serves as a valuable drug delivery vehicle. However, exosome heterogeneity, non-standardized isolation methods and proteomics/bioinformatics approaches limit its clinical applications. To better understand exosome heterogeneity, biological function and molecular mechanism of its biogenesis, secretion and uptake, techniques in proteomics or bioinformatics were applied to investigate human embryonic kidney cell (293T cell line)-derived exosome proteome and enable an integrative comparison of exosomal proteins and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of eleven exosome proteomes extracted from diverse human samples, including 293T (two datasets), dermal fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell, thymic epithelial primary cell, breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231), patient neuroblastoma cell, plasma, saliva, serum and urine. Mapping of exosome biogenesis/secretion/uptake-related proteins onto exosome proteomes highlights exosomal origin-specific routes of exosome biogenesis/secretion/uptake and exosome-dependent intercellular communication. The finding provides insight into comparative exosome proteomes and its biogenesis, secretion and uptake, and potentially contributes to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Donghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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21
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A Mutation in Mouse MT-ATP6 Gene Induces Respiration Defects and Opposed Effects on the Cell Tumorigenic Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021300. [PMID: 36674816 PMCID: PMC9865613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As the last step of the OXPHOS system, mitochondrial ATP synthase (or complex V) is responsible for ATP production by using the generated proton gradient, but also has an impact on other important functions linked to this system. Mutations either in complex V structural subunits, especially in mtDNA-encoded ATP6 gene, or in its assembly factors, are the molecular cause of a wide variety of human diseases, most of them classified as neurodegenerative disorders. The role of ATP synthase alterations in cancer development or metastasis has also been postulated. In this work, we reported the generation and characterization of the first mt-Atp6 pathological mutation in mouse cells, an m.8414A>G transition that promotes an amino acid change from Asn to Ser at a highly conserved residue of the protein (p.N163S), located near the path followed by protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. The phenotypic consequences of the p.N163S change reproduce the effects of MT-ATP6 mutations in human diseases, such as dependence on glycolysis, defective OXPHOS activity, ATP synthesis impairment, increased ROS generation or mitochondrial membrane potential alteration. These observations demonstrate that this mutant cell line could be of great interest for the generation of mouse models with the aim of studying human diseases caused by alterations in ATP synthase. On the other hand, mutant cells showed lower migration capacity, higher expression of MHC-I and slightly lower levels of HIF-1α, indicating a possible reduction of their tumorigenic potential. These results could suggest a protective role of ATP synthase inhibition against tumor transformation that could open the door to new therapeutic strategies in those cancer types relying on OXPHOS metabolism.
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Baranowska E, Niedzwiecka K, Panja C, Charles C, Dautant A, di Rago JP, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Kucharczyk R. Molecular basis of diseases induced by the mitochondrial DNA mutation m.9032 T > C. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:1313-1323. [PMID: 36434790 PMCID: PMC10077503 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA mutation m.9032 T > C was previously identified in patients presenting with NARP (Neuropathy Ataxia Retinitis Pigmentosa). Their clinical features had a maternal transmission and patient's cells showed a reduced oxidative phosphorylation capacity, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane, providing evidence that m.9032 T > C is truly pathogenic. This mutation leads to replacement of a highly conserved leucine residue with proline at position 169 of ATP synthase subunit a (L169P). This protein and a ring of identical c-subunits (c-ring) move protons through the mitochondrial inner membrane coupled to ATP synthesis. We herein investigated the consequences of m.9032 T > C on ATP synthase in a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an equivalent mutation (L186P). The mutant enzyme assembled correctly but was mostly inactive as evidenced by a > 95% drop in the rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and absence of significant ATP-driven proton pumping across the mitochondrial membrane. Intragenic suppressors selected from L186P yeast restoring ATP synthase function to varying degrees (30-70%) were identified at the original mutation site (L186S) or in another position of the subunit a (H114Q, I118T). In light of atomic structures of yeast ATP synthase recently described, we conclude from these results that m.9032 T > C disrupts proton conduction between the external side of the membrane and the c-ring, and that H114Q and I118T enable protons to access the c-ring through a modified pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Baranowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niedzwiecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiranjit Panja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camille Charles
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Dautant
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Ren Y, Zhu S. Nitric oxide promotes energy metabolism and protects mitochondrial DNA in peaches during cold storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970303. [PMID: 36275543 PMCID: PMC9582448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria are important organelles related to energy metabolism and are susceptible to oxidative damage. In this experiment, peaches (Prunus persica) were treated with distilled water (as the control), 15 μmol L-1 of nitric oxide (NO), and 20 μmol L-1 of carboxy-PTIO (NO scavenger). The changes in mitochondrial physiological indicators, energy metabolism process, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and repair were quantified. Compared with the control, NO treatment reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the reactive oxygen species content, increased mitochondrial respiration control rate, and promoted energy metabolism by influencing the activities of citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATPase activity in peach mitochondria. NO treatment also maintained the relative copy number of mtDNA and the relative amplification of long PCR in peaches, decreased the level of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine, and upregulated the expression of PpOGG1, PpAPE1, and PpLIG1. These results indicated that exogenous NO treatment (15 μmol L-1) could reduce mtDNA oxidative damage, maintain mtDNA molecular integrity, and inhibit mtDNA copy number reduction by reducing the reactive oxygen species content, thereby promoting mitochondrial energy metabolism and prolonging the storage life of peaches at low temperatures.
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Beck EA, Bassham S, Cresko WA. Extreme intraspecific divergence in mitochondrial haplotypes makes the threespine stickleback fish an emerging evolutionary mutant model for mito-nuclear interactions. Front Genet 2022; 13:925786. [PMID: 36159975 PMCID: PMC9499175 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.925786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA is primarily maternally inherited in most animals and evolves about 10 times faster than biparentally inherited nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial dysfunction (mt-dys) arises when interactions between the co-evolving mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are perturbed in essential processes like oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Over time mt-dys can lead to mitochondrial diseases (mt-diseases), which are surprisingly prevalent and include common diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and diabetes. Unfortunately, the strong impact that intraspecific mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variation has on mt-disease complicates its study and the development of effective treatments. Animal models have advanced our understanding of mt-disease but their relevance to human conditions is often limited by their relatively low nuclear genetic diversity. Many traditional laboratory models also typically have a single mitochondrial haplotype (mitotype), in stark contrast to over 5,000 mitotypes in humans worldwide. The threespine stickleback fish has an evolutionary history that has made it a favorable evolutionary mutant model (EMM) for studying mito-nuclear interactions and possibly mt-diseases. EMMs are species with naturally evolved states that mimic maladaptive human diseases. In threespine stickleback, a period of isolation followed by introgression of the mitochondrial genome from a sister species resulted in the maintenance of two distinct mitochondrial haplotypes which continue to segregate within many populations of wild stickleback. The existence of two mitogenomes segregating in numerous genetically diverse populations provides a unique system for exploring complex mito-nuclear dynamics. Here we provide the first complete coding region analysis of the two threespine stickleback mitotypes, whose mitogenomic divergence exceeds that of other mammalian models for mitochondrial disease and even that between ancient and modern humans. We find that divergence is not uniform across the mitogenome, but primarily impacts protein coding genes, and significantly impacts proteins in Complex I of OXPHOS. The full characterization of these highly divergent intraspecific mitotypes provides a foundation for the development of threespine stickleback as an EMM for mito-nuclear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Beck
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Emily A. Beck, ; William A. Cresko,
| | - Susan Bassham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - William A. Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Emily A. Beck, ; William A. Cresko,
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Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Anik MI, Mahmud N, Masud AA, Khan MI, Islam MN, Uddin S, Hossain MK. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4028-4054. [PMID: 36043942 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aging process has advanced significantly over the last two decades. In light of recent findings, ROS takes part in the aging process of cells along with contributing to various physiological signaling pathways. Antioxidants being cells' natural defense mechanism against ROS-mediated alteration, play an imperative role to maintain intracellular ROS homeostasis. Although the complete understanding of the ROS regulated aging process is yet to be fully comprehended, current insights into various sources of cellular ROS and their correlation with the aging process and age-related diseases are portrayed in this review. In addition, results on the effect of antioxidants on ROS homeostasis and the aging process as well as their advances in clinical trials are also discussed in detail. The future perspective in ROS-antioxidant dynamics on antiaging research is also marshaled to provide future directions for ROS-mediated antiaging research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzahidul I Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Niaz Mahmud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Masud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M Khalid Hossain
- Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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Shekhar M, Gupta C, Suzuki K, Chan CK, Murata T, Singharoy A. Revealing a Hidden Intermediate of Rotatory Catalysis with X-ray Crystallography and Molecular Simulations. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:915-925. [PMID: 35912346 PMCID: PMC9336149 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of rotatory catalysis in ATP-hydrolyzing molecular motors remains an unresolved puzzle in biological energy transfer. Notwithstanding the wealth of available biochemical and structural information inferred from years of experiments, knowledge on how the coupling between the chemical and mechanical steps within motors enforces directional rotatory movements remains fragmentary. Even more contentious is to pinpoint the rate-limiting step of a multistep rotation process. Here, using vacuolar or V1-type hexameric ATPase as an exemplary rotational motor, we present a model of the complete 4-step conformational cycle involved in rotatory catalysis. First, using X-ray crystallography, a new intermediate or "dwell" is identified, which enables the release of an inorganic phosphate (or Pi) after ATP hydrolysis. Using molecular dynamics simulations, this new dwell is placed in a sequence with three other crystal structures to derive a putative cyclic rotation path. Free-energy simulations are employed to estimate the rate of the hexameric protein transformations and delineate allosteric effects that allow new reactant ATP entry only after hydrolysis product exit. An analysis of transfer entropy brings to light how the side-chain-level interactions transcend into larger-scale reorganizations, highlighting the role of the ubiquitous arginine-finger residues in coupling chemical and mechanical information. An inspection of all known rates encompassing the 4-step rotation mechanism implicates the overcoming of the ADP interactions with V1-ATPase to be the rate-limiting step of motor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Shekhar
- Center
for Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute
of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chitrak Gupta
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, 797 East Tyler Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Kano Suzuki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chun Kit Chan
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, 797 East Tyler Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Membrane
Protein Research and Molecular Chirality Research Centers, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Structure
Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials
Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 1-1 Oho, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, 797 East Tyler Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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Evaluation of mRNA expression level of the ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 1 (ATP5G1) gene in patients with schizophrenia. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101234. [PMID: 35243015 PMCID: PMC8861135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a serious, complex mental disorder. The impairment of oxidative phosphorylation has a detrimental consequence on CNS function. Different ATP synthase subunits have been involved in the pathological process of various neurodegenerative disorders. Our goal was to evaluate the mRNA expression level of the ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 1 (ATP5G1, also named ATP5MC1) gene in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Determination of the expression levels of ATP5G1 in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed by real-time PCR in 90 controls and 90 patients with schizophrenia. Results Patients had significantly decreased ATP5G1 mRNA expression levels in both plasma and PBMCs compared to controls. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to detect a cut-off value of ATP5G1 expression in plasma and PBMCs. The ATP5G1 relative expression in PBMCs had better performance with a cut-off value ≤ 21 (AUC = 0.892, P < 0.001), sensitivity of 94.44%, and specificity of 72.22% in discriminating between schizophrenic patients. ATP5G1 expression in PBMCs was an independent predictor in schizophrenia. Conclusion This study revealed a down-regulation of ATP5G1 expression in schizophrenia, precisely expression in PBMCs. That might give insight into the role of ATP5G1 gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This study revealed a down-regulation of ATP5G1 expression in schizophrenia, precisely expression in PBMCs, which was found as an independent risk factor. This might give insight into the role of the ATP5G1 gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of ATP5G1 in schizophrenia and their impact on ATP production in these patients.
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Mendes D, Peixoto F, Oliveira MM, Andrade PB, Videira RA. Mitochondria research and neurodegenerative diseases: on the track to understanding the biological world of high complexity. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:67-79. [PMID: 35623557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
From the simple unicellular eukaryote to the highly complex multicellular organism like Human, mitochondrion emerges as a ubiquitous player to ensure the organism's functionality. It is popularly known as "the powerhouse of the cell" by its key role in ATP generation. However, our understanding of the physiological relevance of mitochondria is being challenged by data obtained in different fields. In this review, a short history of the mitochondria research field is presented, stressing the findings and questions that allowed the knowledge advances, and put mitochondrion as the main player of safeguarding organism life as well as a key to solve the puzzle of the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mendes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Chemistry Center - Vila Real (CQ-VR), Biological and Environment Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria M Oliveira
- Chemistry Center - Vila Real (CQ-VR), Chemistry Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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Kaminska J, Soczewka P, Rzepnikowska W, Zoladek T. Yeast as a Model to Find New Drugs and Drug Targets for VPS13-Dependent Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095106. [PMID: 35563497 PMCID: PMC9104724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human VPS13A-D genes result in rare neurological diseases, including chorea-acanthocytosis. The pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly understood, and no effective treatment is available. As VPS13 genes are evolutionarily conserved, the effects of the pathogenic mutations could be studied in model organisms, including yeast, where one VPS13 gene is present. In this review, we summarize advancements obtained using yeast. In recent studies, vps13Δ and vps13-I2749 yeast mutants, which are models of chorea-acanthocytosis, were used to screen for multicopy and chemical suppressors. Two of the suppressors, a fragment of the MYO3 and RCN2 genes, act by downregulating calcineurin activity. In addition, vps13Δ suppression was achieved by using calcineurin inhibitors. The other group of multicopy suppressors were genes: FET4, encoding iron transporter, and CTR1, CTR3 and CCC2, encoding copper transporters. Mechanisms of their suppression rely on causing an increase in the intracellular iron content. Moreover, among the identified chemical suppressors were copper ionophores, which require a functional iron uptake system for activity, and flavonoids, which bind iron. These findings point at areas for further investigation in a higher eukaryotic model of VPS13-related diseases and to new therapeutic targets: calcium signalling and copper and iron homeostasis. Furthermore, the identified drugs are interesting candidates for drug repurposing for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Piotr Soczewka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Al-Kafaji G, Bakheit HF, AlAli F, Fattah M, Alhajeri S, Alharbi MA, Daif A, Alsabbagh MM, Alwehaidah MS, Bakhiet M. Next-generation sequencing of the whole mitochondrial genome identifies functionally deleterious mutations in patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263606. [PMID: 35130313 PMCID: PMC8820615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system with genetics and environmental determinants. Studies focused on the neurogenetics of MS showed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that can ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, alter brain energy metabolism and cause neurodegeneration. We analyzed the whole mitochondrial genome using next-generation sequencing (NGS) from 47 Saudi individuals, 23 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 24 healthy controls to identify mtDNA disease-related mutations/variants. A large number of variants were detected in the D-loop and coding genes of mtDNA. While distinct unique variants were only present in patients or only occur in controls, a number of common variants were shared among the two groups. The prevalence of some common variants differed significantly between patients and controls, thus could be implicated in susceptibility to MS. Of the unique variants only present in the patients, 34 were missense mutations, located in different mtDNA-encoded genes. Seven of these mutations were not previously reported in MS, and predicted to be deleterious with considerable impacts on the functions and structures of encoded-proteins and may play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. These include two heteroplasmic mutations namely 10237T>C in MT-ND3 gene and 15884G>C in MT-CYB gene; and three homoplasmic mutations namely 9288A>G in MT-CO3 gene, 14484T>C in MT-ND6 gene, 15431G>A in MT-CYB gene, 8490T>C in MT-ATP8 gene and 5437C>T in MT-ND2 gene. Notably some patients harboured multiple mutations while other patients carried the same mutations. This study is the first to sequence the entire mitochondrial genome in MS patients in an Arab population. Our results expanded the mutational spectrum of mtDNA variants in MS and highlighted the efficiency of NGS in population-specific mtDNA variant discovery. Further investigations in a larger cohort are warranted to confirm the role of mtDNA MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- * E-mail:
| | - Halla F. Bakheit
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Faisal AlAli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mina Fattah
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Maram A. Alharbi
- College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulqader Daif
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manahel Mahmood Alsabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Materah Salem Alwehaidah
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
| | - Moiz Bakhiet
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Ebanks B, Chakrabarti L. Mitochondrial ATP Synthase is a Target of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:854321. [PMID: 35237666 PMCID: PMC8882969 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.854321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase is responsible for the production of cellular ATP, and it does so by harnessing the membrane potential of the mitochondria that is produced by the sequential oxidation of select cellular metabolites. Since the structural features of ATP synthase were first resolved nearly three decades ago, significant progress has been made in understanding its role in health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is common to neurodegeneration, with elevated oxidative stress a hallmark of this dysfunction. The patterns of this oxidative stress, including molecular targets and the form of oxidative modification, can vary widely. In this mini review we discuss the oxidative modifications of ATP synthase that have been observed in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Oxidative modifications of ATP synthase in Alzheimer’s disease are well-documented, and there is a growing body of knowledge on the subject in Parkinson’s disease. The consideration of ATP synthase as a pharmacological target in a variety of diseases underlines the importance of understanding these modifications, both as a potential target, and also as inhibitors of any pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Ebanks
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Brad Ebanks,
| | - Lisa Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Zech M, Kopajtich R, Steinbrücker K, Bris C, Gueguen N, Feichtinger RG, Achleitner MT, Duzkale N, Périvier M, Koch J, Engelhardt H, Freisinger P, Wagner M, Brunet T, Berutti R, Smirnov D, Navaratnarajah T, Rodenburg RJ, Pais LS, Austin-Tse C, O’Leary M, Boesch S, Jech R, Bakhtiari S, Jin SC, Wilbert F, Kruer MC, Wortmann SB, Eckenweiler M, Mayr JA, Distelmaier F, Steinfeld R, Winkelmann J, Prokisch H. Variants in Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Cause Variable Neurologic Phenotypes. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:225-237. [PMID: 34954817 PMCID: PMC9939050 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ATP synthase (ATPase) is responsible for the majority of ATP production. Nevertheless, disease phenotypes associated with mutations in ATPase subunits are extremely rare. We aimed at expanding the spectrum of ATPase-related diseases. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing in cohorts with 2,962 patients diagnosed with mitochondrial disease and/or dystonia and international collaboration were used to identify deleterious variants in ATPase-encoding genes. Findings were complemented by transcriptional and proteomic profiling of patient fibroblasts. ATPase integrity and activity were assayed using cells and tissues from 5 patients. RESULTS We present 10 total individuals with biallelic or de novo monoallelic variants in nuclear ATPase subunit genes. Three unrelated patients showed the same homozygous missense ATP5F1E mutation (including one published case). An intronic splice-disrupting alteration in compound heterozygosity with a nonsense variant in ATP5PO was found in one patient. Three patients had de novo heterozygous missense variants in ATP5F1A, whereas another 3 were heterozygous for ATP5MC3 de novo missense changes. Bioinformatics methods and populational data supported the variants' pathogenicity. Immunohistochemistry, proteomics, and/or immunoblotting revealed significantly reduced ATPase amounts in association to ATP5F1E and ATP5PO mutations. Diminished activity and/or defective assembly of ATPase was demonstrated by enzymatic assays and/or immunoblotting in patient samples bearing ATP5F1A-p.Arg207His, ATP5MC3-p.Gly79Val, and ATP5MC3-p.Asn106Lys. The associated clinical profiles were heterogeneous, ranging from hypotonia with spontaneous resolution (1/10) to epilepsy with early death (1/10) or variable persistent abnormalities, including movement disorders, developmental delay, intellectual disability, hyperlactatemia, and other neurologic and systemic features. Although potentially reflecting an ascertainment bias, dystonia was common (7/10). INTERPRETATION Our results establish evidence for a previously unrecognized role of ATPase nuclear-gene defects in phenotypes characterized by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:225-237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steinbrücker
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Céline Bris
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, CNRS 6015/INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Naig Gueguen
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, CNRS 6015/INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie T. Achleitner
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Neslihan Duzkale
- Department of Medical Genetic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Johannes Koch
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Engelhardt
- Kinderkrankenhaus St. Marien gGmbH, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Landshut, Germany
| | | | - Matias Wagner
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Smirnov
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tharsini Navaratnarajah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard J.T. Rodenburg
- Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Paediatrics Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn S Pais
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Austin-Tse
- Harvard Medical School & Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston & Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Melanie O’Leary
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA,Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Friederike Wilbert
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA,Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Saskia B. Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Eckenweiler
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany,Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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Clinical Heterogeneity in MT-ATP6 Pathogenic Variants: Same Genotype-Different Onset. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030489. [PMID: 35159298 PMCID: PMC8834419 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondrial disease exhibits large variation of clinical phenotypes, even in patients with the same causative gene defect. We illustrate this heterogeneity by confronting clinical and biochemical data of two patients with the uncommon pathogenic homoplasmic NC_012920.1(MT-ATP6):m.9035T>C variant in MT-ATP6. Patient 1 presented as a toddler with severe motor and speech delay and spastic ataxia without extra-neurologic involvement. Patient 2 presented in adolescence with ataxia and ophthalmoplegia without cognitive or motor impairment. Respiratory chain complex activities were normal in cultured skin fibroblasts from both patients when calculated as ratios over citrate synthase activity. Native gels found presence of subcomplexes of complex V in fibroblast and/or skeletal muscle. Bioenergetic measurements in fibroblasts from both patients detected reduced spare respiratory capacities and altered extracellular acidification rates, revealing a switch from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis to uphold ATP production. Thus, in contrast to the differing disease presentation, biochemical evidence of mitochondrial deficiency turned out quite similar. We conclude that biochemical analysis remains a valuable tool to confirm the genetic diagnosis of mitochondrial disease, especially in patients with new gene variants or atypical clinical presentation.
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Cerebellar Bottom of Fissure Hyperintensities in
MT‐ATP6
‐associated Ataxia. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:438-440. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.26311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Genetic Complementation of ATP Synthase Deficiency Due to Dysfunction of TMEM70 Assembly Factor in Rat. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020276. [PMID: 35203486 PMCID: PMC8869460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the TMEM70 gene disrupt the biogenesis of the ATP synthase and represent the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive encephalo-cardio-myopathy with neonatal onset. Patient tissues show isolated defects in the ATP synthase, leading to the impaired mitochondrial synthesis of ATP and insufficient energy provision. In the current study, we tested the efficiency of gene complementation by using a transgenic rescue approach in spontaneously hypertensive rats with the targeted Tmem70 gene (SHR-Tmem70ko/ko), which leads to embryonic lethality. We generated SHR-Tmem70ko/ko knockout rats expressing the Tmem70 wild-type transgene (SHR-Tmem70ko/ko,tg/tg) under the control of the EF-1α universal promoter. Transgenic rescue resulted in viable animals that showed the variable expression of the Tmem70 transgene across the range of tissues and only minor differences in terms of the growth parameters. The TMEM70 protein was restored to 16–49% of the controls in the liver and heart, which was sufficient for the full biochemical complementation of ATP synthase biogenesis as well as for mitochondrial energetic function in the liver. In the heart, we observed partial biochemical complementation, especially in SHR-Tmem70ko/ko,tg/0 hemizygotes. As a result, this led to a minor impairment in left ventricle function. Overall, the transgenic rescue of Tmem70 in SHR-Tmem70ko/ko knockout rats resulted in the efficient complementation of ATP synthase deficiency and thus in the successful genetic treatment of an otherwise fatal mitochondrial disorder.
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Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Dautant A, Godard F, Charles C, Panja C, di Rago JP, Kucharczyk R. Creation of Yeast Models for Evaluating the Pathogenicity of Mutations in the Human Mitochondrial Gene MT-ATP6 and Discovering Therapeutic Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:221-242. [PMID: 35771445 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous diseases in humans have been associated with mutations of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). This genome encodes 13 protein subunits of complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a process that provides aerobic eukaryotes with the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate molecule (ATP). Mutations of the mtDNA may therefore have dramatic consequences especially in tissues and organs with high energy demand. Evaluating the pathogenicity of these mutations may be difficult because they often affect only a fraction of the numerous copies of the mitochondrial genome (up to several thousands in a single cell), which is referred to as heteroplasmy. Furthermore, due to its exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in mitochondria, the mtDNA is prone to mutations, and some may be simply neutral polymorphisms with no detrimental consequences on human health. Another difficulty is the absence of methods for genetically transforming human mitochondria. Face to these complexities, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a convenient model for investigating the consequences of human mtDNA mutations in a defined genetic background. Owing to its good fermentation capacity, it can survive the loss of OXPHOS, its mitochondrial genome can be manipulated, and genetic heterogeneity in its mitochondria is unstable. Taking advantage of these unique attributes, we herein describe a method we have developed for creating yeast models of mitochondrial ATP6 gene mutations detected in patients, to determine how they impact OXPHOS. Additionally, we describe how these models can be used to discover molecules with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Dautant
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Chiranjit Panja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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38
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Scott MA, Woolums AR, Swiderski CE, Perkins AD, Nanduri B. Genes and regulatory mechanisms associated with experimentally-induced bovine respiratory disease identified using supervised machine learning methodology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22916. [PMID: 34824337 PMCID: PMC8616896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease involving complex host immune interactions shaped by pathogenic agents and environmental factors. Advancements in RNA sequencing and associated analytical methods are improving our understanding of host response related to BRD pathophysiology. Supervised machine learning (ML) approaches present one such method for analyzing new and previously published transcriptome data to identify novel disease-associated genes and mechanisms. Our objective was to apply ML models to lung and immunological tissue datasets acquired from previous clinical BRD experiments to identify genes that classify disease with high accuracy. Raw mRNA sequencing reads from 151 bovine datasets (n = 123 BRD, n = 28 control) were downloaded from NCBI-GEO. Quality filtered reads were assembled in a HISAT2/Stringtie2 pipeline. Raw gene counts for ML analysis were normalized, transformed, and analyzed with MLSeq, utilizing six ML models. Cross-validation parameters (fivefold, repeated 10 times) were applied to 70% of the compiled datasets for ML model training and parameter tuning; optimized ML models were tested with the remaining 30%. Downstream analysis of significant genes identified by the top ML models, based on classification accuracy for each etiological association, was performed within WebGestalt and Reactome (FDR ≤ 0.05). Nearest shrunken centroid and Poisson linear discriminant analysis with power transformation models identified 154 and 195 significant genes for IBR and BRSV, respectively; from these genes, the two ML models discriminated IBR and BRSV with 100% accuracy compared to sham controls. Significant genes classified by the top ML models in IBR (154) and BRSV (195), but not BVDV (74), were related to type I interferon production and IL-8 secretion, specifically in lymphoid tissue and not homogenized lung tissue. Genes identified in Mannheimia haemolytica infections (97) were involved in activating classical and alternative pathways of complement. Novel findings, including expression of genes related to reduced mitochondrial oxygenation and ATP synthesis in consolidated lung tissue, were discovered. Genes identified in each analysis represent distinct genomic events relevant to understanding and predicting clinical BRD. Our analysis demonstrates the utility of ML with published datasets for discovering functional information to support the prediction and understanding of clinical BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Scott
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Center, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, USA.
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Cyprianna E Swiderski
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Andy D Perkins
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Interplay between Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Redox State Dictates Cancer Cell Survival. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1341604. [PMID: 34777681 PMCID: PMC8580634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1341604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which drives myriad cellular processes. In addition to their role in maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis, changes in mitochondrial metabolism, permeability, and morphology are critical in cell fate decisions and determination. Notably, mitochondrial respiration coupled with the passage of electrons through the electron transport chain (ETC) set up a potential source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While low to moderate increase in intracellular ROS serves as secondary messenger, an overwhelming increase as a result of either increased production and/or deficient antioxidant defenses is detrimental to biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Since ROS and mitochondria both regulate cell fate, attention has been drawn to their involvement in the various processes of carcinogenesis. To that end, the link between a prooxidant milieu and cell survival and proliferation as well as a switch to mitochondrial OXPHOS associated with recalcitrant cancers provide testimony for the remarkable metabolic plasticity as an important hallmark of cancers. In this review, the regulation of cell redox status by mitochondrial metabolism and its implications for cancer cell fate will be discussed followed by the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies for cancer.
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Marra F, Lunetti P, Curcio R, Lasorsa FM, Capobianco L, Porcelli V, Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Scarcia P. An Overview of Mitochondrial Protein Defects in Neuromuscular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1633. [PMID: 34827632 PMCID: PMC8615828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are dysfunctions that involve skeletal muscle and cause incorrect communication between the nerves and muscles. The specific causes of NMDs are not well known, but most of them are caused by genetic mutations. NMDs are generally progressive and entail muscle weakness and fatigue. Muscular impairments can differ in onset, severity, prognosis, and phenotype. A multitude of possible injury sites can make diagnosis of NMDs difficult. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular homeostasis and are involved in various metabolic pathways; for this reason, their dysfunction can lead to the development of different pathologies, including NMDs. Most NMDs due to mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with mutations of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. This review is focused on some mitochondrial routes such as the TCA cycle, OXPHOS, and β-oxidation, recently found to be altered in NMDs. Particular attention is given to the alterations found in some genes encoding mitochondrial carriers, proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane able to exchange metabolites between mitochondria and the cytosol. Briefly, we discuss possible strategies used to diagnose NMDs and therapies able to promote patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
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Nirody JA, Budin I, Rangamani P. ATP synthase: Evolution, energetics, and membrane interactions. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:152111. [PMID: 32966553 PMCID: PMC7594442 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ATP, life’s “universal energy currency,” is the most prevalent chemical reaction in biological systems and is responsible for fueling nearly all cellular processes, from nerve impulse propagation to DNA synthesis. ATP synthases, the family of enzymes that carry out this endless task, are nearly as ubiquitous as the energy-laden molecule they are responsible for making. The F-type ATP synthase (F-ATPase) is found in every domain of life and has facilitated the survival of organisms in a wide range of habitats, ranging from the deep-sea thermal vents to the human intestine. Accordingly, there has been a large amount of work dedicated toward understanding the structural and functional details of ATP synthases in a wide range of species. Less attention, however, has been paid toward integrating these advances in ATP synthase molecular biology within the context of its evolutionary history. In this review, we present an overview of several structural and functional features of the F-type ATPases that vary across taxa and are purported to be adaptive or otherwise evolutionarily significant: ion channel selectivity, rotor ring size and stoichiometry, ATPase dimeric structure and localization in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and interactions with membrane lipids. We emphasize the importance of studying these features within the context of the enzyme’s particular lipid environment. Just as the interactions between an organism and its physical environment shape its evolutionary trajectory, ATPases are impacted by the membranes within which they reside. We argue that a comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, and evolution of membrane proteins—including ATP synthase—requires such an integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Nirody
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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A Theoretical Model of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Deficiencies. The Role of Mitochondrial Carriers. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The m.8993T>G mutation of the mitochondrial MT-ATP6 gene is associated with NARP syndrome (neuropathy, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa). The equivalent point mutation introduced in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial DNA considerably reduced the activity of ATP synthase and of cytochrome-c-oxidase, preventing yeast growth on oxidative substrates. The overexpression of the mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier (Odc1p) was able to rescue the growth on the oxidative substrate by increasing the substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP coupled to the conversion of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) into succinate with an increase in Complex IV activity. Previous studies showed that equivalent point mutations in ATP synthase behave similarly and can be rescued by Odc1p overexpression and/or the uncoupling of OXPHOS from ATP synthesis. In order to better understand the mechanism of the ATP synthase mutation bypass, we developed a core model of mitochondrial metabolism based on AKG as a respiratory substrate. We describe the different possible metabolite outputs and the ATP/O ratio values as a function of ATP synthase inhibition.
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Kaminska J, Zoladek T. Yeast Models and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168775. [PMID: 34445483 PMCID: PMC8395755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Mukherjee I, Ghosh M, Meinecke M. MICOS and the mitochondrial inner membrane morphology - when things get out of shape. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1159-1183. [PMID: 33837538 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in cellular signalling, metabolism and energetics. Proper architecture and remodelling of the inner mitochondrial membrane are essential for efficient respiration, apoptosis and quality control in the cell. Several protein complexes including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), F1 FO -ATP synthase, and Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), facilitate formation, maintenance and stability of cristae membranes. MICOS, the F1 FO -ATP synthase, OPA1 and inner membrane phospholipids such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine interact with each other to organize the inner membrane ultra-structure and remodel cristae in response to the cell's demands. Functional alterations in these proteins or in the biosynthesis pathway of cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine result in an aberrant inner membrane architecture and impair mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities hallmark several human conditions and diseases including neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathies and diabetes mellitus. Yet, they have long been regarded as secondary pathological effects. This review discusses emerging evidence of a direct relationship between protein- and lipid-dependent regulation of the inner mitochondrial membrane morphology and diseases such as fatal encephalopathy, Leigh syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mausumi Ghosh
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Meinecke
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften - GZMB, Göttingen, Germany
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45
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Nolte D, Kang JS, Hofmann A, Schwaab E, Krämer HH, Müller U. Mutations in MT-ATP6 are a frequent cause of adult-onset spinocerebellar ataxia. J Neurol 2021; 268:4866-4873. [PMID: 34037856 PMCID: PMC8563540 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adult-onset ataxias are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of movement disorders. In addition to nuclear gene mutations, sequence changes have also been described in the mitochondrial genome. Here, we present findings of mutation analysis of the mitochondrial gene MT-ATP6. We analyzed 94 patients with adult-onset spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), including 34 sporadic cases. In all patients, common sequence changes found in SCAs such as repeat expansions and point mutations had been excluded previously. We found pathogenic MT-ATP variants in five of these patients (5.32%), two of whom were sporadic. Four of the five mutations have not previously been described in ataxias. All but one of these mutations affect transmembrane helices of subunit-α of ATP synthase. Two mutations (p.G16S, and p.P18S) disrupt transmembrane helix 1 (TMH1), one mutation (p.G167D) affects TMH5, and another one (p.L217P) TMH6. The fifth mutation (p.T96A) describes an amino acid change in close proximity to transmembrane helix 3 (TMH3). The level of heteroplasmy was either complete or very high ranging from 87 to 99%. The high prevalence of pathogenic MT-ATP6 variants suggests that analysis of this gene should be included in the routine workup of both hereditary and sporadic ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Nolte
- Institut für Humangenetik , Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen, 35392, Germany.
| | - Jun-Suk Kang
- Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Klinik für Neurologie, Frankfurt, Germany.,Neuropraxis, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Amrei Hofmann
- Institut für Humangenetik , Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Klinikum Worms, Klinik für Pädiatrie, Worms, Germany
| | - Eva Schwaab
- Praxis für Humangenetik , Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Heidrun H Krämer
- Klinik für Neurologie , Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institut für Humangenetik , Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen, 35392, Germany
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46
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Galber C, Carissimi S, Baracca A, Giorgio V. The ATP Synthase Deficiency in Human Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040325. [PMID: 33917760 PMCID: PMC8068106 DOI: 10.3390/life11040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diseases range from gene-associated to gene-non-associated disorders, including age-related diseases, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, diabetic diseases, neurocognitive disorders and cancer. Mitochondria participate to the cascades of pathogenic events leading to the onset and progression of these diseases independently of their association to mutations of genes encoding mitochondrial protein. Under physiological conditions, the mitochondrial ATP synthase provides the most energy of the cell via the oxidative phosphorylation. Alterations of oxidative phosphorylation mainly affect the tissues characterized by a high-energy metabolism, such as nervous, cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues. In this review, we focus on human diseases caused by altered expressions of ATP synthase genes of both mitochondrial and nuclear origin. Moreover, we describe the contribution of ATP synthase to the pathophysiological mechanisms of other human diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases or neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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47
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Žigman T, Šikić K, Petković Ramadža D, Mayr J, Wortmann S, Prokisch H, Ninković D, Dilber D, Šarić D, Rubić F, Galić S, Slaviček J, Belina D, Fumić K, Barić I. ATP synthase deficiency due to m.8528T>C mutation - a novel cause of severe neonatal hyperammonemia requiring hemodialysis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:389-393. [PMID: 33180048 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperammonemia in a newborn is a serious condition, which requires prompt intervention as it can lead to severe neurological impairment and death if left untreated. The most common causes of hyperammonemia in a newborn are acute liver failure and inherited metabolic disorders. Several mitochondrial disorders have been described as a cause of severe neonatal hyperammonemia. CASE PRESENTATION Here we describe a new case of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) synthase deficiency due to m.8528T>C mutation as a novel cause of severe neonatal hyperammonemia. So far six patients with this mutation have been described but none of them was reported to need hemodialysis in the first days of life. CONCLUSION This broadens the so far known differential diagnosis of severe neonatal hyperammonemia requiring hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Žigman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Šikić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Petković Ramadža
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Johannes Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saskia Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institut of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dorotea Ninković
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Dilber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalibor Šarić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Rubić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slobodan Galić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Slaviček
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Belina
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Fumić
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Barić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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48
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Nesci S, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, Algieri C, Tioli G, Lenaz G. Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of the Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System: Implications for Pathology. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:242. [PMID: 33804034 PMCID: PMC7999509 DOI: 10.3390/life11030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under aerobic conditions, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) converts the energy released by nutrient oxidation into ATP, the currency of living organisms. The whole biochemical machinery is hosted by the inner mitochondrial membrane (mtIM) where the protonmotive force built by respiratory complexes, dynamically assembled as super-complexes, allows the F1FO-ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP + Pi. Recently mitochondria emerged not only as cell powerhouses, but also as signaling hubs by way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, when ROS removal systems and/or OXPHOS constituents are defective, the physiological ROS generation can cause ROS imbalance and oxidative stress, which in turn damages cell components. Moreover, the morphology of mitochondria rules cell fate and the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mtIM, which, most likely with the F1FO-ATP synthase contribution, permeabilizes mitochondria and leads to cell death. As the multiple mitochondrial functions are mutually interconnected, changes in protein composition by mutations or in supercomplex assembly and/or in membrane structures often generate a dysfunctional cascade and lead to life-incompatible diseases or severe syndromes. The known structural/functional changes in mitochondrial proteins and structures, which impact mitochondrial bioenergetics because of an impaired or defective energy transduction system, here reviewed, constitute the main biochemical damage in a variety of genetic and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Gaia Tioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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49
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Su X, Dautant A, Rak M, Godard F, Ezkurdia N, Bouhier M, Bietenhader M, Mueller DM, Kucharczyk R, di Rago JP, Tribouillard-Tanvier D. The pathogenic m.8993 T > G mutation in mitochondrial ATP6 gene prevents proton release from the subunit c-ring rotor of ATP synthase. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:381-392. [PMID: 33600551 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ATP synthase is an assembly of 29 subunits of 18 different types, of which only two (a and 8) are encoded in the mitochondrial genome. Subunit a, together with an oligomeric ring of c-subunit (c-ring), forms the proton pathway responsible for the transport of protons through the mitochondrial inner membrane, coupled to rotation of the c-ring and ATP synthesis. Neuromuscular diseases have been associated to a number of mutations in the gene encoding subunit a, ATP6. The most common, m.8993 T > G, leads to replacement of a strictly conserved leucine residue with arginine (aL156R). We previously showed that the equivalent mutation (aL173R) dramatically compromises respiratory growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and causes a 90% drop in the rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Here, we isolated revertants from the aL173R strain that show improved respiratory growth. Four first-site reversions at codon 173 (aL173M, aL173S, aL173K and aL173W) and five second-site reversions at another codon (aR169M, aR169S, aA170P, aA170G and aI216S) were identified. Based on the atomic structures of yeast ATP synthase and the biochemical properties of the revertant strains, we propose that the aL173R mutation is responsible for unfavorable electrostatic interactions that prevent the release of protons from the c-ring into a channel from which protons move from the c-ring to the mitochondrial matrix. The results provide further evidence that yeast aL173 (and thus human aL156) optimizes the exit of protons from ATP synthase, but is not essential despite its strict evolutionary conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Dautant
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Godard
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nahia Ezkurdia
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Bouhier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - David M Mueller
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00090 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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LI J, ZHUO Y, ZHANG Y, LI N, WU J. [Size exclusion-reverse liquid column chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application in the identification of post-translationally modified proteins in rat kidney]. Se Pu 2021; 39:87-95. [PMID: 34227362 PMCID: PMC9274831 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.05028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics is an emerging field that has been shown to play a crucial role in unveiling the mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is one of the most important methods employed in this field. However, in complex biological systems, such as eukaryotes, it is challenging to perform a comprehensive and unbiased proteome analysis due to the high complexity of biological samples and enormous differences in sample contents. For example, post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteins are imperative for cell signaling, but post-translationally modified proteins account for about 1% of the total proteins in a single cell, making their identification extremely difficult. Therefore, chromatographic separation methods based on different principles are generally applied to reduce the complexity of biological samples and enrich trace proteins for their identification through mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, we developed a new proteomics method by combining size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and reversed-phase chromatography (RPLC), to separate and identify trace proteins in complex systems. SEC was used to separate and enrich kidney-specific proteins. After optimization of the method, it was found that 30 mmol/L of ammonium acetate could efficiently separate rat kidney proteins from the total protein fraction so that they could be eluted based on their relative molecular mass. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis and LC-MS results showed that our SEC separation method not only refined the protein composition of the biological sample but also enhanced the relative contents of trace proteins through multiple injections. The collected protein fractions were further concentrated through ultrafiltration centrifugation followed by freeze-drying, which further improved the recovery of trace proteins by approximately 90% and largely decreased the time required with the use of freeze-drying alone. Thereafter, five protein fractions were separately digested using trypsin, and the resultant peptides were further analyzed by reverse phase chromatography-MS analysis. In the RPLC column, the peptides were isolated mainly based on their hydrophobicity. As a result, by combining SEC and RPLC, 23621 peptides and 1345 proteins were identified from the kidney, with an increase in numbers by 69% and 27%, respectively, when compared to those obtained using the common 2D strong cation exchange (SCX)-RPLC-MS method. However, no significant difference was observed in the pI and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) values. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed an increase in the number of proteins in each cell component, especially the membrane. Furthermore, identification of a higher rate of identified peptides than proteins suggested that the protein coverage was also improved, thereby facilitating the detection of PTM proteins. Consequently, five common PTMs in biological processes, including methylation, acetylation, carbamylation, oxidation, and phosphorylation, were examined and compared between the two methods. As expected, the number of post-translationally modified peptides identified using SEC-RPLC-MS were 1.7-1.9 times more than those determined using the SCX-RPLC-MS method. Especially for the identification of phosphorylated peptides, we could achieve the level of the targeted enrichment strategy; however no significant difference was observed in the extents of phosphorylation among serine, threonine, and tyrosine. These results further indicate that upon combining SEC and RPLC, high efficiency could be achieved by decreasing the complexity of the protein sample, and the identification was unbiased. Finally, the phosphorylation of some kidney proteins, such as spectrin, L-lactate dehydrogenase, and ATPases, was found, which is critical for their functions. In summary, the SEC-RPLC-MS approach was developed for the identification of rat kidney proteins and is especially applicable for the identification of PTM proteins. Using this method, the identification efficiency for PTM peptides increased significantly. Therefore, this method has potential for better understanding the impact of PTM on kidney proteins and further elucidating the potential mechanisms underlying its physiological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin LI
- 澳门科技大学中医药学院, 中药质量研究国家重点实验室, 澳门 999078
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yue ZHUO
- 澳门科技大学中医药学院, 中药质量研究国家重点实验室, 澳门 999078
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yida ZHANG
- 澳门科技大学中医药学院, 中药质量研究国家重点实验室, 澳门 999078
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Na LI
- 澳门科技大学中医药学院, 中药质量研究国家重点实验室, 澳门 999078
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jianlin WU
- 澳门科技大学中医药学院, 中药质量研究国家重点实验室, 澳门 999078
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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