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Wang Z, Wang J. The effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on athletes' aerobic endurance performance parameters. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05532-0. [PMID: 38904772 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate and meta-analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on athletes of aerobic endurance performance parameters. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. The assessment of quality was conducted employing The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, while heterogeneity examination and subgroup analysis were performed. Moreover, regression and sensitivity analyses were executed. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the effects of HIIT and MICT on the enhancement of athletes' running economy (RE) (P > 0.05); 1-3 weeks and 4-9 weeks of HIIT were more effective in improving athletes' maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (P < 0.05), and 10 weeks and above were not significant (P > 0.05); 1-3 weeks of HIIT was more effective in improving athletes' anaerobic threshold (AT) (P < 0.05), and 4-10 weeks was not significant (P > 0.05); 3 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) did not significantly enhance athletes' minute ventilation (VE) (P > 0.05), whereas a duration of 6-10 weeks yielded superior results (P < 0.05); 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) did not significantly enhance athletes' hemoglobin (Hb) level (P > 0.05), whereas a duration of 2-3 weeks yielded superior results (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS (1) HIIT and MICT have similar effects on enhancing athletes' RE. (2) 6-9 weeks' HIIT was more effective in improving athletes' VO2max and VE, and 3 weeks' HIIT was more effective in improving athletes' AT. (3) Within 3 weeks, MICT was more effective in improving the Hb level of athletes. REGISTRATION NUMBER ON PROSPERO CRD42024499039.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- College of Human Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, No.48, Shangdi Rd, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Human Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, No.48, Shangdi Rd, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Shang Q, Bian X, Zhu L, Liu J, Wu M, Lou S. Lactate Mediates High-Intensity Interval Training-Induced Promotion of Hippocampal Mitochondrial Function through the GPR81-ERK1/2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2087. [PMID: 38136207 PMCID: PMC10740508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion are essential for maintaining healthy mitochondria and ATP production. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can enhance mitochondrial function in mouse hippocampi, but its underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Lactate generated during HIIT may mediate the beneficial effects of HIIT on neuroplasticity by activating the lactate receptor GPR81. Furthermore, growing evidence shows that lactate contributes to mitochondrial function. Given that mitochondrial function is crucial for cerebral physiological processes, the current study aimed to determine the mechanism of HIIT in hippocampal mitochondrial function. In vivo, GPR81 was knocked down in the hippocampi of mice via the injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The GPR81-knockdown mice were subjected to HIIT. The results demonstrated that HIIT increased mitochondria numbers, ATP production, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the hippocampi of mice. In addition, HIIT induced mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, synaptic plasticity, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation but not in GPR81-knockdown mice. In vitro, Neuro-2A cells were treated with L-lactate, a GPR81 agonist, and an ERK1/2 inhibitor. The results showed that both L-lactate and the GPR81 agonist increased mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, ATP levels, OXPHOS, mitochondrial membrane potential, and synaptic plasticity. However, the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation blunted L-lactate or the GPR81 agonist-induced promotion of mitochondrial function and synaptic plasticity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that lactate mediates HIIT-induced promotion of mitochondrial function through the GPR81-ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Xuepeng Bian
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Lutao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Sport, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (M.W.)
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3
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Guo C, Wu RY, Dou JH, Song SF, Sun XL, Hu YW, Guo FS, Wei J, Lin L, Wei J. Mitophagy-dependent cardioprotection of resistance training on heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1390-1401. [PMID: 37942531 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00674.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise is an indispensable mode of exercise rehabilitation for heart failure. Here we elucidate the cardiac effects of resistance training alone or combined with different aerobic trainings on heart failure and explore the critical regulation of mitophagy. The chronic heart failure model was constructed by transverse aortic constriction surgery, followed by 8 wk of resistance training (RT), moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MRT), and high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HRT), and subsequently analyzed the changes of maximum load, cardiac structure and function, and myocardial mitophagic activity. The role and signaling of mitophagy in exercise protection of heart failure were investigated by knockdown of Hif1α and Parkin genes in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes. RT and especially MRT improved maximum load (P < 0.0001), myocardial morphology and fibrosis (P < 0.0001), reduced left ventricular diameter and enhanced left ventricular systolic function (P < 0.01), and enhanced myocardial mitophagic activity and HIF1α expression (P < 0.05) in heart failure mice. However, HRT had no obvious protective effect on ventricular diameter and function or mitophagy. The abilities of exercise stimulation to regulate reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate, and brain natriuretic peptide were impaired after knockdown of Hif1α and Parkin genes inhibited mitophagy in failing cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). Different exercise modalities provide discrepant cardiovascular effects on heart failure, and MRT exhibits optimal protection. The HIF1α-Parkin-mitophagy pathway is involved in the protection and regulation of exercise on heart failure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Impaired myocardial mitophagy is implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Resistance training alone or combined with different aerobic trainings provide discrepant cardiovascular effects on heart failure, and the cardioprotective function depends on HIF1α-Parkin-mitophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Yun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hao Dou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Fang Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Shun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Michel JM, Godwin JS, Plotkin DL, Mesquita PHC, McIntosh MC, Ruple BA, Libardi CA, Mobley CB, Kavazis AN, Roberts MD. Proteolytic markers associated with a gain and loss of leg muscle mass with resistance training followed by high-intensity interval training. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1268-1281. [PMID: 37589512 PMCID: PMC10543615 DOI: 10.1113/ep091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that vastus lateralis (VL) cross-sectional area (CSA) increases after 7 weeks of resistance training (RT, 2 days/week), with declines occurring following 7 weeks of subsequent treadmill high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (3 days/week). Herein, we examined the effects of this training paradigm on skeletal muscle proteolytic markers. VL biopsies were obtained from 11 untrained college-aged males at baseline (PRE), after 7 weeks of RT (MID), and after 7 weeks of HIIT (POST). Tissues were analysed for proteolysis markers, and in vitro experiments were performed to provide additional insights. Atrogene mRNAs (TRIM63, FBXO32, FOXO3A) were upregulated at POST versus both PRE and MID (P < 0.05). 20S proteasome core protein abundance increased at POST versus PRE (P = 0.031) and MID (P = 0.049). 20S proteasome activity, and protein levels for calpain-2 and Beclin-1 increased at MID and POST versus PRE (P < 0.05). Ubiquitinated proteins showed model significance (P = 0.019) with non-significant increases at MID and POST (P > 0.05). in vitro experiments recapitulated the training phenotype when stimulated with a hypertrophic stimulus (insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF1) followed by a subsequent AMP-activated protein kinase activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AICAR), as demonstrated by larger myotube diameter in IGF1-treated cells versus IGF1 followed by AICAR treatments (I+A; P = 0.017). Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) levels were also greater in IGF1-treated versus I+A myotubes (P < 0.001). In summary, the loss in RT-induced VL CSA with HIIT coincided with increases in several proteolytic markers, and sustained proteolysis may have driven this response. Moreover, while not measured in humans, we interpret our in vitro data to suggest that (unlike RT) HIIT does not stimulate MPS. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Determining if HIIT-induced reductions in muscle hypertrophy following a period of resistance training coincided with increases in proteolytic markers. What is the main finding and its importance? Several proteolytic markers were elevated during the HIIT training period implying that increases in muscle proteolysis may have played a role in HIIT-induced reductions in muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cleiton A. Libardi
- Department of Physical EducationFederal University of Sao CarlosSao CarlosBrazil
| | | | | | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of KinesiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic MedicineAuburnALUSA
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Wang ZZ, Xu HC, Zhou HX, Zhang CK, Li BM, He JH, Ni PS, Yu XM, Liu YQ, Li FH. Long-term detraining reverses the improvement of lifelong exercise on skeletal muscle ferroptosis and inflammation in aging rats: fiber-type dependence of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Biogerontology 2023; 24:753-769. [PMID: 37289374 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of lifelong aerobic exercise and 8 months of detraining after 10 months of aerobic training on circulation, skeletal muscle oxidative stress, and inflammation in aging rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the control (CON), detraining (DET), and lifelong aerobic training (LAT) groups. The DET and LAT groups began aerobic treadmill exercise at the age of 8 months and stopped training at the 18th and 26th month, respectively; all rats were sacrificed when aged 26 months. Compared with CON, LAT remarkably decreased serum and aged skeletal muscle 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2) levels were higher in the LAT group than in the CON group in skeletal muscle. However, DET remarkably decreased SOD2 protein expression and content in the skeletal muscle and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared with LAT. Compared with LAT, DET remarkably downregulated adiponectin and upregulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression, while phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70S6K) protein expression decreased, and that of FoxO1 and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbX) proteins increased in the quadriceps femoris. Adiponectin and TNF-α expression in the soleus muscle did not change between groups, whereas that of AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and P70S6K was lower in the soleus in the DET group than in that in the LAT group. Compared with that in the LAT group, sestrin1 (SES1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression in the DET group was lower, whereas Keap1 mRNA expression was remarkably upregulated in the quadriceps femoris. Interestingly, the protein and mRNA levels of SES1, Nrf2, and Keap1 in soleus muscle did not differ between groups. LAT remarkably upregulated ferritin heavy polypeptide 1(FTH), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and solute carrier family 7member 11 (SLC7A11) protein expression in the quadriceps femoris and soleus muscles, compared with CON. However, compared with LAT, DET downregulated FTH, GPX4, and SLC7A11 protein expression in the quadriceps femoris and soleus muscles. Long-term detraining during the aging phase reverses the improvement effect of lifelong exercise on oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and muscle atrophy in aging skeletal muscle. The quadriceps femoris is more evident than the soleus, which may be related to the different changes in the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in different skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Zhi Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hai-Chen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Huan-Xia Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zhang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo-Ming Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Han He
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pin-Shi Ni
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yun-Qing Liu
- Changzhou Sports Hospital, Changzhou, 213022, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Sport Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 222023, China.
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6
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Galasso L, Cappella A, Mulè A, Castelli L, Ciorciari A, Stacchiotti A, Montaruli A. Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9798. [PMID: 37372945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy dysregulation is commonplace in the pathogenesis of several invalidating diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases. Polyamines, as spermidine and spermine, are small aliphatic cations essential for cell growth and differentiation, with multiple antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Remarkably, they are emerging as natural autophagy regulators with strong anti-aging effects. Polyamine levels were significantly altered in the skeletal muscles of aged animals. Therefore, supplementation of spermine and spermidine may be important to prevent or treat muscle atrophy. Recent in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that spermidine reverses dysfunctional autophagy and stimulates mitophagy in muscles and heart, preventing senescence. Physical exercise, as polyamines, regulates skeletal muscle mass inducing proper autophagy and mitophagy. This narrative review focuses on the latest evidence regarding the efficacy of polyamines and exercise as autophagy inducers, alone or coupled, in alleviating sarcopenia and aging-dependent musculoskeletal diseases. A comprehensive description of overall autophagic steps in muscle, polyamine metabolic pathways, and effects of the role of autophagy inducers played by both polyamines and exercise has been presented. Although literature shows few data in regard to this controversial topic, interesting effects on muscle atrophy in murine models have emerged when the two "autophagy-inducers" were combined. We hope these findings, with caution, can encourage researchers to continue investigating in this direction. In particular, if these novel insights could be confirmed in further in vivo and clinical studies, and the two synergic treatments could be optimized in terms of dose and duration, then polyamine supplementation and physical exercise might have a clinical potential in sarcopenia, and more importantly, implications for a healthy lifestyle in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciorciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy
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7
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Ni PS, Ma S, Wang ZZ, He JH, Zhang CK, Li BM, Yu XM, Li FH. Indirect regulation of HIPPO pathway by miRNA mediates high-intensity intermittent exercise to ameliorate aging skeletal muscle function. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:834-847. [PMID: 36789636 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced microRNA (miRNA) and HIPPO pathways participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on miRNA expression and the HIPPO pathway in the skeletal muscle of aging rats to determine its role in the amelioration of muscle aging. Thirty-six 18-month-old female rats were randomly divided into sedentary control (SED, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 12), and HIIT (n = 12) groups, with continuous exercise for 8 months. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, KEGG enrichment, and dual-luciferase assays were performed on the target skeletal muscle. Compared with the SED group, the MICT and HIIT groups showed a significant trend of improvement in Lee's index and grip strength and a marked increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, apoptosis, antioxidant, and lipolysis-related protein expression. They also exhibited PI3K/AKT pathway activation and a decrease in expression of HIPPO pathway-related proteins; 20 miRNAs were differentially expressed and enriched in the exercise group compared with the SED group, including the HIPPO pathway and metabolic pathways. Further analysis of L6 cells confirmed that miR-182 may target PTEN, which indirectly regulates HIPPO signaling, but not Mob1. the combined application of HIIT and MICT increased the antioxidant and lipolytic capacities of skeletal muscle and improved atrophy of aging skeletal muscle; HIIT was more effective than MICT. This may be related to HIIT-mediated AKT pathway activation and HIPPO pathway inhibition by miRNAs (miR-486 and miR-182).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shi Ni
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Ma
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhi Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Han He
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zhang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Ming Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,School of Sport Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
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Li Y, Li J, Wu G, Yang H, Yang X, Wang D, He Y. Role of SIRT3 in neurological diseases and rehabilitation training. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:69-89. [PMID: 36374406 PMCID: PMC9834132 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is a deacetylase that plays an important role in normal physiological activities by regulating a variety of substrates. Considerable evidence has shown that the content and activity of SIRT3 are altered in neurological diseases. Furthermore, SIRT3 affects the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. In most cases, SIRT3 can inhibit clinical manifestations of neurological diseases by promoting autophagy, energy production, and stabilization of mitochondrial dynamics, and by inhibiting neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress (OS). However, SIRT3 may sometimes have the opposite effect. SIRT3 can promote the transfer of microglia. Microglia in some cases promote ischemic brain injury, and in some cases inhibit ischemic brain injury. Moreover, SIRT3 can promote the accumulation of ceramide, which can worsen the damage caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). This review comprehensively summarizes the different roles and related mechanisms of SIRT3 in neurological diseases. Moreover, to provide more ideas for the prognosis of neurological diseases, we summarize several SIRT3-mediated rehabilitation training methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Central Hospital, 51 Shanghai Road, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Central Hospital, 51 Shanghai Road, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Central Hospital, 51 Shanghai Road, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Central Hospital, 51 Shanghai Road, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Central Hospital, 51 Shanghai Road, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinzhou Central Hospital, 51 Shanghai Road, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui He
- Department of Radiology, Jinzhou Central Hospital, 51 Shanghai Road, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Zhou L, Pinho R, Gu Y, Radak Z. The Role of SIRT3 in Exercise and Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162596. [PMID: 36010672 PMCID: PMC9406297 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of regular exercise are well established. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for exercise-induced health benefits remain a topic of debate. One of the key cell-signaling candidates proposed to provide exercise-induced benefits is sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). SIRT3, an NAD+ dependent mitochondrial deacetylase, positively modulates many cellular processes, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and protection against oxidative stress. Although the exercise-induced change in SIRT3 signaling is a potential mechanism contributing to the health advantages of exercise on aging, studies investigating the impact of exercise on SIRT3 abundance in cells provide conflicting results. To resolve this conundrum, this narrative review provides a detailed analysis of the role that exercise-induced changes in SIRT3 play in providing the health and aging benefits associated with regular physical activity. We begin with an overview of SIRT3 function in cells followed by a comprehensive review of the impact of exercise on SIRT3 expression in humans and other mammalians. We then discuss the impact of SIRT3 on aging, followed by a thorough analysis of the cell-signaling links between SIRT3 and exercise-induced adaptation. Notably, to stimulate future research, we conclude with a discussion of key unanswered questions related to exercise, aging, and SIRT3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, H-1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ricardo Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, H-1123 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-304918224
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10
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Diamantidou D, Deda O, Zervos I, Taitzoglou I, Gika H, Theodoridis G, Michopoulos F. Hepatic Metabolic Profiling of Lifelong Exercise Training Rats. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2075-2084. [PMID: 35939535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has been investigated as a primary preventive measure of several chronic diseases and premature death. Moreover, it has been shown to synchronize responses across multiple organs. In particular, hepatic tissue has proven to be a descriptive matrix to monitor the effect of physical activity. In this study, we performed an untargeted metabolomics-based analysis of hepatic tissue extracts from rats that have undergone either lifelong or chronic exercise training. For this purpose, 56 hepatic samples were collected and were analyzed by UHPLC-TOF-MS in negative ionization mode. This approach involved untargeted metabolite detection on hepatic tissue extracts accompanied by an in-house retention time/accurate mass library enabling confident metabolite identification. Unsupervised (PCA) and supervised (OPLS-DA) multivariate analysis showed significant metabolic perturbation on a panel of 28 metabolites, including amino acids, vitamins, nucleotides, and sugars. The training regime employed in this study resulted in a probable acceleration of the bioenergetic processes (glycolysis, glycogen metabolism), promoted catabolism of purines, and supplied biosynthetic precursors via the pentose phosphate pathway and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Overall, the applied methodology was able to discriminate the different training schedules based on the rat liver metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Diamantidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Deda
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen Gika
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Pan T, Ji M, Jiao J, Yin F, Qin C, Yang T. EFFECTS OF EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE AND CONTUSION ON AUTOPHAGY-RELATED FACTORS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF RATS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127062020_0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To study the effects of exhaustive exercise and contusion on autophagy-related factors Beclin1, LC3 and PINK1 expression in the skeletal muscle of rats. Methods: Forty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, 6 rats in each group: C, D0, D24, D48, E0, E24, and E48. Each group of rats was killed and dissected at the different respective time points specified above. The whole quadriceps femoris of the left hind limbs were removed and divided into two parts, one for mRNAs of Beclin1, LC3 and PINK1 by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and the other for LC3 protein by Western blotting. Results: Compared with group C, the contents of Beclin1 mRNA, PINK1 mRNA, and LC3 mRNA in the immediate exhaustive exercise group (E0) were significantly reduced p<0.01. However, the levels of PINK1 mRNA, LC3 mRNA, and LC3 protein in skeletal muscle cells increased significantly in the 48 hours after exhaustion (E48) p<0.05, suggesting that cell autophagy had an increasing trend during the recovery period. Meanwhile, compared with the C group, the contents of Beclin1 mRNA, PINK1 mRNA, and LC3 mRNA in the immediate blunt contusion group (D0) increased significantly p<0.01 and were followed by a downward trend. Conclusion: Generally, there were differences between the blunt contusion and exhausted exercise models at each recovery phase. The gene expression of the autophagy-related factors was not high in the early exhaustive exercise recovery phase and subsequently followed an upward trend. But the above factors increased significantly in the immediate and early recovery phases after blunt contusion. Injury from blunt contusion may be more severe than exhaustive exercise-induced-injury, so the autophagy starts earlier according to the changes in autophagy-related factors. Level of evidence III; Therapeutic studies investigating the results of treatment.
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12
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Effects of high-intensity interval training on mitochondrial supercomplex assembly and biogenesis, mitophagy, and the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in the soleus muscle of aged female rats. Exp Gerontol 2021; 158:111648. [PMID: 34861356 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise helps improve mitochondrial function to combat sarcopenia. Certain parts of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex can form a higher-order structure called "supercomplex" to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and improve muscle mass. The effect of exercise on the assembly of the mitochondrial supercomplex is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial supercomplexes (mitoSCs) assembly in aging soleus muscle. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were randomly divided into four groups: young sedentary (Y-SED, 8 months old, n = 12), old sedentary (O-SED, 26 months old, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, from 18 to 26 months old, n = 12), and HIIT (from 18 to 26 months old, n = 12). Rats in the MICT and HIIT groups were subjected to an 8-month training program. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of the antioxidative factors, inflammatory factors, and mitochondrial fusion- and division-related genes. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy markers and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine serum irisin contents. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the formation of mitochondrial supercomplexes. RESULTS Compared with the Y-SED group, the soleus muscle and mitochondria in the O-SED group showed reduced expression of mitophagy- and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins. In the HIIT group, the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the soleus muscle and mitochondria was significantly increased compared with that in the MICT group. Serum irisin and mitochondrial fusion protein levels significantly decreased with age. Superoxide dismutase 2 protein levels and AMPK pathway protein expression were significantly increased in the HIIT group compared with those in the other groups. Additionally, the expression levels of mitoSCs and the mRNA levels of interleukin-15 and optical atrophy 1 increased in the HIIT group compared with that in the MICT group. CONCLUSION Compared with MICT, HIIT activated the AMPK pathway to upregulate mitochondrial biogenesis- and mitophagy-related proteins, and promote the assembly and formation of mitoSCs to improve the mitochondrial function of aging soleus muscles.
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13
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Castro A, Duft RG, de Oliveira-Nunes SG, de Andrade ALL, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Association Between Changes in Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile With Maximum Power Output Gains in Response to Different Aerobic Training Programs: The Times Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:756618. [PMID: 34744794 PMCID: PMC8563999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.756618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High heterogeneity of the response of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to standardized exercise doses has been reported in different training programs, but the associated mechanisms are not widely known. This study investigated whether changes in the metabolic profile and pathways in blood serum and the skeletal muscle are associated with the inter-individual variability of CRF responses to 8-wk of continuous endurance training (ET) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: Eighty men, young and sedentary, were randomized into three groups, of which 70 completed 8 wk of intervention (> 90% of sessions): ET, HIIT, or control. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle tissue samples, as well as the measurement of CRF [maximal power output (MPO)] were obtained before and after the intervention. Blood serum and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy (metabolomics). Associations between the pretraining to post-training changes in the metabolic profile and MPO gains were explored via three analytical approaches: (1) correlation between pretraining to post-training changes in metabolites' concentration levels and MPO gains; (2) significant differences between low and high MPO responders; and (3) metabolite contribution to significantly altered pathways related to MPO gains. After, metabolites within these three levels of evidence were analyzed by multiple stepwise linear regression. The significance level was set at 1%. Results: The metabolomics profile panel yielded 43 serum and 70 muscle metabolites. From the metabolites within the three levels of evidence (15 serum and 4 muscle metabolites for ET; 5 serum and 1 muscle metabolites for HIIT), the variance in MPO gains was explained: 77.4% by the intervention effects, 6.9, 2.3, 3.2, and 2.2% by changes in skeletal muscle pyruvate and valine, serum glutamine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in ET; and 80.9% by the intervention effects; 7.2, 2.2, and 1.2% by changes in skeletal muscle glycolate, serum creatine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in HIIT. The most changed and impacted pathways by these metabolites were: arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism for both ET and HIIT programs; and additional alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism for ET. Conclusion: These results suggest that regulating the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates may be a potential mechanism for understanding the inter-individual variability of CRF in responses to ET and HIIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Chelko SP, Keceli G, Carpi A, Doti N, Agrimi J, Asimaki A, Beti CB, Miyamoto M, Amat-Codina N, Bedja D, Wei AC, Murray B, Tichnell C, Kwon C, Calkins H, James CA, O'Rourke B, Halushka MK, Melloni E, Saffitz JE, Judge DP, Ruvo M, Kitsis RN, Andersen P, Di Lisa F, Paolocci N. Exercise triggers CAPN1-mediated AIF truncation, inducing myocyte cell death in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/581/eabf0891. [PMID: 33597260 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocyte death occurs in many inherited and acquired cardiomyopathies, including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a genetic heart disease plagued by the prevalence of sudden cardiac death. Individuals with ACM and harboring pathogenic desmosomal variants, such as desmoglein-2 (DSG2), often show myocyte necrosis with progression to exercise-associated heart failure. Here, we showed that homozygous Dsg2 mutant mice (Dsg2 mut/mut), a model of ACM, die prematurely during swimming and display myocardial dysfunction and necrosis. We detected calcium (Ca2+) overload in Dsg2 mut/mut hearts, which induced calpain-1 (CAPN1) activation, association of CAPN1 with mitochondria, and CAPN1-induced cleavage of mitochondrial-bound apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Cleaved AIF translocated to the myocyte nucleus triggering large-scale DNA fragmentation and cell death, an effect potentiated by mitochondrial-driven AIF oxidation. Posttranslational oxidation of AIF cysteine residues was due, in part, to a depleted mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 redox system. Hearts from exercised Dsg2 mut/mut mice were depleted of calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous CAPN1 inhibitor, and overexpressing CAST in myocytes protected against Ca2+ overload-induced necrosis. When cardiomyocytes differentiated from Dsg2 mut/mut embryonic stem cells (ES-CMs) were challenged with β-adrenergic stimulation, CAPN1 inhibition attenuated CAPN1-induced AIF truncation. In addition, pretreatment of Dsg2 mut/mut ES-CMs with an AIF-mimetic peptide, mirroring the cyclophilin-A (PPIA) binding site of AIF, blocked PPIA-mediated AIF-nuclear translocation, and reduced both apoptosis and necrosis. Thus, preventing CAPN1-induced AIF-truncation or barring binding of AIF to the nuclear chaperone, PPIA, may avert myocyte death and, ultimately, disease progression to heart failure in ACM and likely other forms of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Chelko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrea Carpi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80134, Italy
| | - Jacopo Agrimi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angeliki Asimaki
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Carlos Bueno Beti
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nuria Amat-Codina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brittney Murray
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Crystal Tichnell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cynthia A James
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Edon Melloni
- Department of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova 16126, Italy
| | - Jeffrey E Saffitz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80134, Italy
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Peter Andersen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
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15
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Wan DF, Pan SS, Tong YS, Huang Y. Exercise Preconditioning Promotes Autophagy to Cooperate for Cardioprotection by Increasing LC3 Lipidation-Associated Proteins. Front Physiol 2021; 12:599892. [PMID: 34025444 PMCID: PMC8131968 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.599892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotection of exercise preconditioning (EP) has been well documented. EP can be divided into two phases that are the induction of exercise preconditioning (IEP) and the protection of exercise preconditioning (PEP). PEP is characterized by biphasic protection, including early exercise preconditioning (EEP) and late exercise preconditioning (LEP). LC3 lipidation-mediated autophagy plays a pivotal role in cardioprotection. This study aimed to investigate the alterations of LC3 lipidation-associated proteins during EP-induced cardioprotection against myocardial injury induced by exhaustive exercise (EE) was used in a rat model of EP. These rats were subjected to an intermittent exercise consisting of four periods, with each period including 10 min of running at 30 m/min and 0% grade (approximately 75% VO2max) followed by 10 min of intermittent rest. A model of EE-induced myocardial injury was developed by subjecting rats to a consecutive running (30 m/min, 0% grade) till exhaustion. Following EEP, the colocalization of LC3 with Atg7 was significantly increased, and LC3-I, LC3-II, LC3-II/LC3-I, Atg7, Atg4B, and Atg3 levels were significantly increased. Atg7, Atg4B, and Atg3 mRNAs were all significantly upregulated, and LC3 mRNAs tended to be higher. Following LEP, Atg4B, and Atg3 levels were significantly increased. Atg7, Atg4B, and Atg3 mRNAs were all significantly upregulated, and LC3 mRNAs tended to be higher. A group of rats were subjected to EEP followed by EE, and the co-localization of LC3 with Atg7 was significantly increased, while LC3-I, LC3-II, LC3-II/LC3-I, Atg7, Atg4B, and Atg3 levels were also significantly increased. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the co-localization of LC3 with Atg7, LC3-I, LC3-II, Atg7, and Atg4B levels during LEP followed by EE. The formation of autophagosome during LEP followed by EE may have been weaker than that during EEP followed by EE due to the lower lipidation of LC3. EP may promote autophagy to maintain cell homeostasis and survival, which cooperates for cardioprotection of alleviating exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury by increasing LC3 lipidation-associated proteins. There is a difference between EEP and LEP in terms of the mechanisms of cardioprotection afforded by these respective conditions. The positive regulation of transcription and translation level of LC3 lipidation-associated proteins may all be involved in the mechanism of EEP and LEP, while compared with LEP, the regulation of translation level of EEP is more positively to promote autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Wan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Shan Pan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Shan Tong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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16
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Budiono BP, See Hoe LE, Peart JN, Vider J, Ashton KJ, Jacques A, Haseler LJ, Headrick JP. Effects of voluntary exercise duration on myocardial ischaemic tolerance, kinase signaling and gene expression. Life Sci 2021; 274:119253. [PMID: 33647270 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Exercise is cardioprotective, though optimal interventions are unclear. We assessed duration dependent effects of exercise on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, kinase signaling and gene expression. METHODS Responses to brief (2 day; 2EX), intermediate (7 and 14 day; 7EX and 14EX) and extended (28 day; 28EX) voluntary wheel running (VWR) were studied in male C57Bl/6 mice. Cardiac function, I-R tolerance and survival kinase signaling were assessed in perfused hearts. KEY FINDINGS Mice progressively increased running distances and intensity, from 2.4 ± 0.2 km/day (0.55 ± 0.04 m/s) at 2-days to 10.6 ± 0.4 km/day (0.72 ± 0.06 m/s) after 28-days. Myocardial mass and contractility were modified at 14-28 days VWR. Cardioprotection was not 'dose-dependent', with I-R tolerance enhanced within 7 days and not further improved with greater VWR duration, volume or intensity. Protection was associated with AKT, ERK1/2 and GSK3β phosphorylation, with phospho-AMPK selectively enhanced with brief VWR. Gene expression was duration-dependent: 7 day VWR up-regulated glycolytic (Pfkm) and down-regulated maladaptive remodeling (Mmp2) genes; 28 day VWR up-regulated caveolar (Cav3), mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a, Sirt3) and titin (Ttn) genes. Interestingly, I-R tolerance in 2EX/2SED groups improved vs. groups subjected to longer sedentariness, suggesting transient protection on transition to housing with running wheels. SIGNIFICANCE Cardioprotection is induced with as little as 7 days VWR, yet not enhanced with further or faster running. This protection is linked to survival kinase phospho-regulation (particularly AKT and ERK1/2), with glycolytic, mitochondrial, caveolar and myofibrillar gene changes potentially contributing. Intriguingly, environmental enrichment may also protect via similar kinase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P Budiono
- Charles Sturt University, School of Community Health, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Bond University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Luke J Haseler
- Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Griffith University, School of Medical Science, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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17
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Bonilauri B, Dallagiovanna B. Long Non-coding RNAs Are Differentially Expressed After Different Exercise Training Programs. Front Physiol 2020; 11:567614. [PMID: 33071823 PMCID: PMC7533564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.567614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular regulation related to the health benefits of different exercise modes remains unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as an RNA class with regulatory functions in health and diseases. Here, we analyzed the expression of lncRNAs after different exercise training programs and their possible modes of action related to physical exercise adaptations. Methods Public high-throughput RNA-seq data (skeletal muscle biopsies) were downloaded, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. We primarily analyzed data reports of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and combined (CT) exercise training. In addition, we analyzed data from 8 weeks of endurance training (ET). Differential expression analysis of lncRNAs was performed, and an adjusted P-value < 0.1 and log2 (fold change) ≥0.5 or ≤-0.5 were set as the cutoff values to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Results We identified 204 DELs after 12 weeks of HIIT, 43 DELs after RT, and 15 DELs after CT. Moreover, 52 lncRNAs were differentially expressed after 8 weeks of ET. The lncRNA expression pattern after physical exercise was very specific, with distinct expression profiles for the different training programs, where few lncRNAs were common among the exercise types. LncRNAs may regulate molecular responses to exercise, such as collagen fibril organization, extracellular matrix organization, myoblast and plasma membrane fusion, skeletal muscle contraction, synaptic transmission, PI3K and TORC regulation, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Conclusion For the first time, we show that lncRNAs are differentially expressed in skeletal muscle after different physical exercise programs, and these lncRNAs may act in various biological processes related to physical activity adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bonilauri
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells (LABCET), Carlos Chagas Institute - FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells (LABCET), Carlos Chagas Institute - FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
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18
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Mor DE, Murphy CT. Mitochondrial hyperactivity as a potential therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020; 4:117-120. [PMID: 33178902 PMCID: PMC7653964 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to contribute to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the cellular events that lead to mitochondrial disruption remain unclear. Post-mortem studies of PD patient brains and the use of complex I inhibitors to model the disease previously suggested a reduction in mitochondrial activity as a causative factor in PD, but this may represent an endpoint in the disease process. In our recent studies, we identified a novel link between branched-chain amino acid metabolism and PD, and uncovered mitochondrial hyperactivity as a potential alternative mechanism of PD pathogenesis. Increased mitochondrial activity may occur in a subset of PD patients, or may be a more common early event that precedes the ultimate loss of mitochondrial function. Therefore, it may be that any imbalance in mitochondrial activity, either increased or decreased, could cause a loss of mitochondrial homeostasis that leads to disease. An effective therapeutic strategy may be to target specific imbalances in activity at selective stages of PD or in specific patients, with any efforts to reduce mitochondrial activity constituting a surprising new avenue for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Mor
- Department of Molecular Biology & LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Coleen T. Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology & LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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19
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Caru M, Lalonde F, Legault E, Curnier D, St-Pierre DH, Comtois AS, Tournoux F. Ethical consideration and feasibility demonstration of high-intensity interval training without the use of electrical shocks in mice with and without doxorubicin exposition. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2813-2820. [PMID: 31911864 PMCID: PMC6943355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most protocols intended to stimulate cardiovascular training in mice use electrical shocks that cause psychological stress and interfere with running performance. The aim of this study was to: 1) demonstrate the feasibility of a two-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program without the use of electric shocks in mice and 2) show that HIIT without electric shocks is feasible in the specific context of mice exposed to chemotherapy (i.e., doxorubicin). METHODS Ten C57bl/6 6-week-old female mice underwent a maximal exercise capacity test before and after two weeks of HIIT (five sessions per week) to measure their maximum running speed. The electrical stimulus was substituted by gently lifting the hind legs of the training mice using a tongue depressor. A second sample of ten C57bl/6 10-week-old female mice receiving a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of doxorubicin underwent a single session of HIIT post-DOX using the same gentle stimulation method. RESULTS After two weeks of HIIT without the use of electric shocks, non-treated mice had a significant increase in their maximal speed (4.4 m•min-1; P = 0.019). In DOX-treated mice, the compliance rate to run went from 100% during the acclimation period prior to doxorubicin treatment to 100% when HIIT was performed after the DOX treatment. Doxorubicin treatment seemed to affect exercise compliance in DOX-treated mice. Our study demonstrated that a two-week HIIT program in non-treated mice and a single HIIT session in DOX-treated mice are feasible. CONCLUSION The use of electric shocks was not required to obtain acceptable exercise compliance and a significant change in mice physical capacity. Our technique to perform a treadmill maximal exercise capacity test was shown to be feasible, even in specific pathological conditions like chemotherapy infusion, and could become a reference for future research protocols aimed at reducing the impact of psychological stress caused by electric shocks in mice. This model of exercise training in mice introduces an alternative to ethical conduct standards in animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Caru
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of EXercise (LPEX), School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of MontrealMontreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratoire EA 4430 - Clinique Psychanalyse Developpement (CliPsyD), Department of Psychology, University of Paris NanterreNanterre, Ile-de-France, France
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research CenterMontreal, Canada
| | - François Lalonde
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of EXercise (LPEX), School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of MontrealMontreal, Quebec, Canada
- University Hospital of Montreal, Research CenterMontreal, Canada
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, Canada
| | - Elise Legault
- University Hospital of Montreal, Research CenterMontreal, Canada
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, Canada
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of EXercise (LPEX), School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of MontrealMontreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research CenterMontreal, Canada
- University Hospital of Montreal, Research CenterMontreal, Canada
| | - David H St-Pierre
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research CenterMontreal, Canada
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, Canada
| | - Alain Steve Comtois
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, Canada
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20
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Torma F, Gombos Z, Jokai M, Takeda M, Mimura T, Radak Z. High intensity interval training and molecular adaptive response of skeletal muscle. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 1:24-32. [PMID: 35782463 PMCID: PMC9219277 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cardiovascular fitness, V˙O2max, is associated with enhanced endurance capacity and a decreased rate of mortality. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is one of the best methods to increase V˙O2max and endurance capacity for top athletes and for the general public as well. Because of the high intensity of this type of training, the adaptive response is not restricted to Type I fibers, as found for moderate intensity exercise of long duration. Even with a short exercise duration, HIIT can induce activation of AMPK, PGC-1α, SIRT1 and ROS pathway as well as by the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, leading to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and angiogenesis. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the adaptive response of HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Torma
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Gombos
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matyas Jokai
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Masaki Takeda
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Center of Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author. Alkotas u. 44, Budapest, H-1123, Hungary.
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21
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Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle, called sarcopenia, is an inevitable event during the aging process, and significantly impacts quality of life. Autophagy is known to reduce muscle atrophy caused by dysfunctional organelles, even though the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we have discuss the current understanding of exercise-induced autophagy activation in skeletal muscle regeneration and remodeling, leading to sarcopenia intervention. With aging, dysregulation of autophagy flux inhibits lysosomal storage processes involved in muscle biogenesis. AMPK-ULK1 and the FoxO/PGC-1α signaling pathways play a critical role in the induction of autophagy machinery in skeletal muscle, thus these pathways could be targets for therapeutics development. Autophagy has been also shown to be a critical regulator of stem cell fate, which determines satellite cell differentiation into muscle fiber, thereby increasing muscle mass. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the physiological role of autophagy in skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sup Park
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141; Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Kyo Seo
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141; Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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22
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The impact of aerobic and anaerobic training regimes on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: focus on redox changes. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 454:111-121. [PMID: 30311109 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the impact of aerobic and anaerobic type of exercise on blood pressure and redox status in normotensive and hypertensive rats. After 1 week of preconditioning feeding and 1 week of preconditioning running regimen, Wistar albino rats (n = 72; bw: 270 ± 50 g) were randomly assigned to three groups according to running protocol (high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity training (MIT)): sedentary control, MIT, HIIT; spontaneous hypertensive sedentary control (SHR), SHR + MIT and SHR + HIIT. Blood pressure (BP) measurement was performed by a tail-cuff noninvasive method BP system. After 48 h of rest following the final training, the rats were fasted for 24 h and sacrificed under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia and blood samples were collected. The level of the next prooxidants were measured: superoxide anion radical (O2-); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); nitrite level (NO2-) and index of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and the activity of antioxidative enzymes: reduced glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. After the last week of running, HIIT strongly affected SP, DP, and HR in SHR rats compared to other hypertensive rats, as well as after MIT in normotensive conditions. We have found that HIIT training protocol induced a higher increase of O2- and H2O2 as compared to MIT. Findings of the present study pointed out that contrary to normotensive conditions, in hypertensive conditions both training regimes reduced the BP levels, which was more prominent in case of HIIT. In addition, MIT seems to be connected with milder disturbance of pro-oxidant production and better antioxidant response.
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