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Kanwal B, Tanwir S, Ahmad F, Ahmad JN. Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid improved resistance against Spodoptera frugiperda Infestation in maize by modulating growth and regulating redox homeostasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16823. [PMID: 39039220 PMCID: PMC11263373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring host plant resistance and elevating plant defense mechanisms through the application of exogenous elicitors stands as a promising strategy for integrated pest management. The fall armyworm, a pernicious menace to grain crops in tropical and subtropical regions, stands as a formidable threat due to its capacity for devastation and a wide-ranging spectrum of host plants. There is no literature regarding artificially induced resistance in maize against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) by exogenous application of phytohormones. The present investigation was performed to evaluate the role of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on two maize hybrids namely FH-1046 and YH-1898 against fall armyworm. Results showed that plant height, biomass and lengths, fresh and dry weight of root shoot which decreased with armyworm infestation improved with phytohormonal application. JA treatment resulted in a higher increase in all attributes as compared to SA treatment. Improvement in relative water contents, photosynthetic pigments and pronounced levels of phenol and proline accumulation were observed in infested plants after JA treatment. Infested plants recovered from oxidative stress as JA application activated and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in both FH-1046 and YH-1898 . The oxidative stress reduction in infested plants after JA treatment was also evident from a fair decrease in MDA and H2O2 in both varieties. The SA and JA mediated genes expression was studied and it was found that in FH1046 maize cultivar, JA dependent genes, particularly marker genes PR1 and Lox5 were highly expressed along with TPS10 and BBT12. Whereas SPI, WRKY28, ICS and PAL were shown to be activated upon SA application. Evidently, both JA and SA elicited a robust defensive response within the maize plants against the voracious S. frugiperda, which in consequence exerted a discernible influence over the pest's developmental trajectory and physiological dynamics. A decrease in detoxification enzyme activity of the insects was observed after feeding on treated plants. Moreover, it was recorded that the survival and weight gain of FAW feeding on phytohormone treated maize plants also decelerated. In conclusion, FH-1046 was found to be more tolerant than YH-1898 against fall armyworm infestation and 1 mM JA was more effective than 1 mM SA for alleviation of fall armyworm stress. Therefore, it was inferred that phytohormones regulated redox homeostasis to circumvent oxidative damage and mediate essential metabolic events in maize under stress. To our current understanding, this study is the very first presentation of induced resistance in maize against S. frugiperda with the phytohormonal application (JA and SA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilqees Kanwal
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Jindřichová B, Rubil N, Rezek J, Ourry M, Hauser TP, Burketová L. Does fungal infection increase the palatability of oilseed rape to insects? PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2480-2494. [PMID: 38436531 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple and simultaneous attacks by pathogens and insect pests frequently occur in nature. Plants respond to biotic stresses by activating distinct defense mechanisms, but little is known about how plants cope with multiple stresses. The focus of this study was the combined interaction of fungal infection caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (synonym Plenodomus lingam) and arthropod infestation by the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We hypothesized that infection by the fungal pathogen L. maculans could alter oilseed rape palatability to P. xylostella-chewing caterpillars. Feeding preference tests were complemented with analyses of defense gene transcription, and levels of glucosinolates (GLSs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in L. maculans-inoculated and non-inoculated (control) leaves to determine possible causes of larval choice. RESULTS Caterpillars preferred true leaves to cotyledons, hence true leaves were used for further experiments. True leaves inoculated with L. maculans were more palatable to caterpillars over control leaves during the early stage of infection at 3 days post inoculation (dpi), but this preference disappeared in the later stages of infection at 7 dpi. In parallel, genes involved in the salicylic acid and ethylene pathways were up-regulated in L. maculans-inoculated leaves at 3 and 7 dpi; L. maculans increased the level of total aliphatic GLSs, specifically glucobrassicanapin, and decreased the level of glucoiberin at 3 dpi and altered the content of specific VOCs. A group of 55 VOCs with the highest variability between treatments was identified. CONCLUSION We suggest that the P. xylostella preference for L. maculans-inoculated leaves in the early stage of disease development could be caused by the underlying mechanisms leading to changes in metabolic composition. Further research should pinpoint the compounds responsible for driving larval preference and evaluate whether the behavior of the adult moths, i.e. the stage that makes the first choice regarding host plant selection in field conditions, correlates with our results on larval host acceptance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Jindřichová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikoleta Rubil
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rezek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Morgane Ourry
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thure Pavlo Hauser
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lenka Burketová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ali J, Tonğa A, Islam T, Mir S, Mukarram M, Konôpková AS, Chen R. Defense strategies and associated phytohormonal regulation in Brassica plants in response to chewing and sap-sucking insects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1376917. [PMID: 38645389 PMCID: PMC11026728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1376917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved distinct defense strategies in response to a diverse range of chewing and sucking insect herbivory. While chewing insect herbivores, exemplified by caterpillars and beetles, cause visible tissue damage and induce jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense responses, sucking insects, such as aphids and whiteflies, delicately tap into the phloem sap and elicit salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses. This review aims to highlight the specificity of defense strategies in Brassica plants and associated underlying molecular mechanisms when challenged by herbivorous insects from different feeding guilds (i.e., chewing and sucking insects). To establish such an understanding in Brassica plants, the typical defense responses were categorized into physical, chemical, and metabolic adjustments. Further, the impact of contrasting feeding patterns on Brassica is discussed in context to unique biochemical and molecular modus operandi that governs the resistance against chewing and sucking insect pests. Grasping these interactions is crucial to developing innovative and targeted pest management approaches to ensure ecosystem sustainability and Brassica productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ali
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, United Kingdom
| | - Adil Tonğa
- Entomology Department, Diyarbakır Plant Protection Research Institute, Diyarbakir, Türkiye
| | - Tarikul Islam
- Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sajad Mir
- Entomology Section, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Alena Sliacka Konôpková
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Rizhao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Das Laha S, Kundu A, Podder S. Impact of biotic stresses on the Brassicaceae family and opportunities for crop improvement by exploiting genotyping traits. PLANTA 2024; 259:97. [PMID: 38520529 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Utilizing RNAi, miRNA, siRNA, lncRNA and exploiting genotyping traits can help safeguard the food supply from illnesses and pest damage to Brassicas, as well as reduce yield losses caused by plant pathogens and insect pests. In the natural environment, plants face significant challenges in the form of biotic stress, due to various living organisms, leading to biological stress and a sharp decline in crop yields. To cope with these effects, plants have evolved specialized mechanisms to mitigate these challenges. Plant stress tolerance and resistance are influenced by genes associated with stress-responsive pathogens that interact with various stress-related signaling pathway components. Plants employ diverse strategies and mechanisms to combat biological stress, involving a complex network of transcription factors that interact with specific cis-elements to regulate gene expression. Understanding both plant developmental and pathogenic disease resistance mechanisms can allow us to develop stress-tolerant and -resistant crops. Brassica genus includes commercially important crops, e.g., broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and rapeseed, cultivated worldwide, with several applications, e.g., oil production, consumption, condiments, fodder, as well as medicinal ones. Indeed, in 2020, global production of vegetable Brassica reached 96.4 million tones, a 10.6% rise from the previous decade. Taking into account their commercial importance, coupled to the impact that pathogens can have in Brassica productivity, yield losses up to 60%, this work complies the major diseases caused due to fungal, bacterial, viral, and insects in Brassica species. The review is structured into three parts. In the first part, an overview is provided of the various pathogens affecting Brassica species, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insects. The second part delves into the exploration of defense mechanisms that Brassica plants encounter against these pathogens including secondary metabolites, duplicated genes, RNA interference (RNAi), miRNA (micro-RNA), siRNA (small interfering RNA), and lncRNA (long non-coding RNA). The final part comprehensively outlines the current applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology aimed at enhancing crop quality. Taken collectively, this review will contribute to our enhanced understanding of these mechanisms and their role in the development of resistance in Brassica plants, thus supporting strategies to protect this crucial crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayani Das Laha
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Avijit Kundu
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumita Podder
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India.
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Dehghan A, Rounagh-Ardakani H, Mohammadzadeh A, Mohammadzadeh M, Mohammadzadeh M, Borzoui E. Induction of resistance, enzyme activity, and phytochemicals in canola plants treated with abscisic acid elevated based on nutrient availability: a case study on Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 37339102 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the important pests of cruciferous plants throughout the world including Iran. In the present study, we grew cultivated canola plants under different fertilizers or distilled water and sprayed them with 100 µM abscisic acid (ABA) or a control solution (NaOH dissolved in water) to study (i) the antibiosis parameters of B. brassicae on these plants; (ii) the antixenosis of B. brassicae adults on these plants; (iii) the plant's peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity; and (iv) the plant's total phenolic and glucosinolate content. The results of antibiosis experiments showed that ABA and fertilizers have a profound and negative effect on the performance of B. brassicae. In the antixenosis experiment, control plants attracted a significantly higher number of adult females in comparison to treated plants. Also, B. brassicae had lower performance and preference when they were reared on the ABA-treated fertilized plants with higher levels of phenolic and glucosinolate content. These results prompted us to hypothesize that fertilizers enable canola plants to trigger a higher level of secondary metabolites. Our findings reveal that the type and level of nutrient availability may have different impacts on how the plant regulates its defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Dehghan
- Department of Agriculture, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Physiology and Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Borzoui
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- AriaShimi Co, Tehran, Iran
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PeVL1 Novel Elicitor Protein, from Verticillium lecanii 2, Enhances Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Roller ( Marasmia ruralis Wlk.) in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020317. [PMID: 36838282 PMCID: PMC9966112 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hazardous pest known as rice leaf roller (Marasmia ruralis Wlk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which undermines rice (Oryza sativa L.) output globally, folds the leaves of the rice plant. Protein elicitors are thought to be biological elements that causes the rice to become resistant to herbivores. The potential for biocontrol of the emerging elicitor protein evaluated from Verticillium lecanii 2 (PeVL1) was evaluated against M. ruralis. To assess the impact of PeVL1 on immature development, survival, and lifetime, four different PeVL1 concentrations were allocated. Electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) against M. ruralis were used to evaluate adult reproductive efficiency and the interaction between the pest and the pathogen. Furthermore, the characterization of active substances in PeVL1 with multi-acting entomopathogenic effects looked into the direct interactions of PeVL1 with temperature and climatic change in rice (O. sativa) plants. PeVL1 treatments reduced the population increase of second and third generation M. ruralis compared to controls. In a test of host selection, M. ruralis colonized control plants more quickly than PeVL1-treated O. sativa plants. PeVL1 concentrations prolonged the M. ruralis larval stage. Similar to fecundity, PeVL1-treated seedlings produced fewer offspring than control seedlings. On PeVL1-treated leaves, trichomes and wax production created an unfavorable habitat for M. ruralis. PeVL1 changed the surface structure of the leaves, which inhibited colonization and decreased M. ruralis reproduction. The activation of pathways was another aspect of systemic defense activities including jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). Based on these results against M. ruralis, the use of PeVL1 in the agroecosystem with integrated pest management and biocontrol seems appropriate. Our research provides a novel insight into a cutting-edge biocontrol method utilizing V. lecanii 2.
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Genome-Wide Identification of Brassica napus PEN1-LIKE Genes and Their Expression Profiling in Insect-Susceptible and Resistant Cultivars. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6385-6396. [PMID: 36547096 PMCID: PMC9777220 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that a gene (PEN1) in Arabidopsis thaliana is highly resistant to Plutella xylostella. We screened all the homologous genes of PEN1 in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that the motif of these genes was very conserved. At present, few insect resistance genes have been identified and characterized in Brassica napus. Therefore, we screened all the homologous genes containing this motif in the Brassica napus genome and systematically analyzed the basic information, conserved domain, evolutionary relationship, chromosomal localization and expression analysis of these genes. In this study, 12 PEN1 homologous genes were identified in the Brassica napus genome, which is more than the number in Arabidopsis thaliana. These genes are unevenly distributed on the 12 chromosomes in Brassica napus. Furthermore, all the PEN1 homologous genes contained light responsiveness elements, and most of the genes contained gibberellin-responsive elements, meJA-responsive elements and abscisic-acid-responsive elements. The results will provide a theoretical basis for screening insect resistance genes from the genome of Brassica napus and analyzing the molecular mechanism of insect resistance in Brassica napus.
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Javed K, Humayun T, Humayun A, Shaheen S, Wang Y, Javed H. Biocontrol Potential of PeBL2, a Novel Entomopathogenic Bacterium from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, Induces Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Butler) in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3350. [PMID: 36501389 PMCID: PMC9737820 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dangerous insect pest known as rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Butler), which reduces rice output globally, twists and feeds on the young rice plant's leaves. Protein elicitors are hypothesized to be biological components that promote rice in becoming herbivore resistant. The evolving elicitor protein PeBL2, obtained from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, was tested for biocontrol against C. exigua. Four distinct PeBL2 doses (74.23, 45.53, 22.26, and 11.13 μg mL-1) were assigned to evaluate the impact of PeBL2 on immature growth, survivability, and lifespan. Adult reproductive efficiency and the interaction between the pest and the disease were assessed against C. exigua. Further, the assessment of active compounds in PeBL2 with multi-acting entomopathogenic effects investigated the direct correlations of PeBL2 with temperature and climatic change in plants of rice (Oryza sativa L.). When compared to controls, PeBL2 treatments reduced the growing population of second- and third-generation C. exigua. Cnaphalocrocis exigua colonized control plants faster than PeBL2-treated O. sativa plants in a host selection test. PeBL2 doses delayed the development of the larval stage of C. exigua. PeBL2-treated seedlings generated less offspring than control seedlings, identical to fecundity. Trichomes and wax formation on PeBL2-treated leaves generated an adverse environment for C. exigua. PeBL2 altered the surface topography of the leaves, preventing colonization and reducing C. exigua reproduction. PeBL2-treated O. sativa seedlings exhibited somewhat increased amounts of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). Systemic defensive processes also included the activation of pathways (JA, SA, and ET). Following these results versus C. exigua, the use of PeBL2 in an agroecosystem with integrated pest management and biocontrol appears to be reasonable. These findings shed new light on a cutting-edge biocontrol technique based on B. laterosporus A60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Javed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Faculty of Mountain Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree 47150, Pakistan
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) for Biological Control, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Talha Humayun
- Department of Surgery, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital (P.G.M.I), Islamabad 04403, Pakistan
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Unit 1 HFH), Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Humayun
- Department of Clinical Studies, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Shaheen
- Faculty of Mountain Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree 47150, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Humayun Javed
- Rothamsted Research West Common Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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Aslam H, Mushtaq S, Maalik S, Bano N, Eed EM, Bibi A, Tahir A, Ijaz I, Tanwir S, Khalifa AS. Exploring the effect of Jasmonic Acid for Aphids control for improving the yield of Triticum aestivum varieties. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14018. [PMID: 36320566 PMCID: PMC9618260 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biotic and abiotic factors influence the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Among biological agents, aphids are destructive pests effecting wheat yield drastically. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of foliar Jasmonic acid spray on aphid population as well as on plant growth during aphid infestation in two wheat varieties i.e., Borlaug-2015 and Zincol-2015. Plants are cultivated in pots and treated with jasmonic acid at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM (JA). The results revealed that length of shoot and roots decreased after aphid stress and was improved (21-24%) by JA spray. Photosynthetic pigments increased after applying the jasmonic acid spray compared to control plants. Jasmonic acid spray helped the plants to recover from aphid stress by enhanced production of antioxidant enzymes CAT (Catalase) (65-71%), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) (71-74%) and POD (Peroxidase) (61-65%). Consequent to improved defence system, plants treated with JA had fewer aphids as compared to control (60-73% reduction), 24 h after spray. The higher concentration of JA (1 mM) proved more effective as compared to 0.1 mM jasmonic acid. Moreover, Zincol-2015 appeared tolerant as compared to Borlaug-2015 against aphid infestation. The application of jasmonic acid as an exogenous foliar application showed an overall positive impact on the physiological and biochemical attributes of both varieties. It helps the plants to enhance resistance against the biotic stress and can be adopted as future alternative for aphid management. However, detailed studies regarding understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms are needed to optimize the mode for field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Mushtaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Maalik
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Bano
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Emad M. Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Bibi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Tahir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Ijaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amany S. Khalifa
- Department of clinical Pathology and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Mortazavi Malekshah SA, Naseri B, Ranjbar Aghdam H, Razmjou J, Fathi SAA, Ebadollahi A, Changbunjong T. Physicochemical Properties of Sugarcane Cultivars Affected Life History and Population Growth Parameters of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:901. [PMID: 36292849 PMCID: PMC9604304 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of resistant cultivars is an efficient management strategy against S. nonagrioides. The effects of different sugarcane cultivars, CP48-103, CP57-614, CP69-1062, CP73-21, SP70-1143, and IRC99-02 were evaluated on the oviposition preference (free-choice assay), life history, and life table parameters of S. nonagrioides at 27 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) h. The longest and shortest developmental times were on cultivars SP70-1143 and CP48-103, respectively. The oviposition preference of S. nonagrioides was the highest on cultivars CP48-103 and CP69-1062, and negatively correlated with the shoot trichome density and shoot rind hardness of the cultivars. The highest intrinsic rate of increase of S. nonagrioides was on cultivar CP48-103 and the lowest was on cultivar SP70-1143. The shortest mean generation time was on CP48-103 and the longest was on SP70-1143. The results indicate that cultivars CP48-103 and CP69-1062 were susceptible, and cultivar SP70-1143 was partially resistant against S. nonagrioides. This information could be useful for developing integrated management programs of S. nonagrioides, such as the use of resistant cultivars to reduce the damage caused by this pest in sugarcane fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Atefeh Mortazavi Malekshah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran
| | - Bahram Naseri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran
| | - Hossein Ranjbar Aghdam
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 1985813111, Iran
| | - Jabraeil Razmjou
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran
| | - Asgar Ebadollahi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5697194781, Iran
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Shirinbeik Mohajer S, Golizadeh A, Hassanpour M, Fathi SAA, Sedaratian-Jahromi A, Abedi Z. Interaction between biological parameters of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and some phytochemical metabolites in different citrus species. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:509-519. [PMID: 35172916 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri McGregor, is a key pest of different citrus species in various parts of the world. Considering the key role of resistant host plants in integrated pest management strategies, we evaluated the effects of five citrus species including grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), orange (Citrus sinensis), and sour orange (Citrus aurantium) on life table parameters of P. citri under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, 16:8 L:D). In addition, biochemical traits of the citrus plant species were evaluated in order to understand any possible relationship between important life history parameters with biochemical metabolites of citrus plant leaves. Phytochemicals were determined in leaf extract of citrus plant species. Various citrus species had significant effects on life history and demographical parameters of P. citri. The longest pre-adult time was observed on grapefruit (16.52 ± 0.43 days). Higher fecundity rate was on orange (15.05 ± 2.41 eggs) and tangerine (14.60 ± 3.07 eggs) and the lowest was on grapefruit (7.21 ± 2.00 eggs). The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r) was recorded as 0.071 (day-1) on tangerine, and the lowest value of this parameter was obtained on grapefruit (0.016 day-1). Significant correlations were observed between life history parameters with biochemical metabolites (carbohydrate, phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, and flavonoid). The results revealed that grapefruit was a relatively resistant host plant and tangerine was the most suitable host plant for feeding of P. citri. Our findings could be helpful for sustainable management of P. citri in citrus orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Shirinbeik Mohajer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Golizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hassanpour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Abedi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Life Table Parameters and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Selected Legume Cultivars. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070661. [PMID: 35886837 PMCID: PMC9321226 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) is a highly destructive pest that attacks a large number of economically important crops. We examined life table parameters as well as activity of major digestive enzymes of S. littoralis larvae in response to protein and starch contents across 11 legume cultivars to identify potential resistance traits. The results showed that S. littoralis reared on the common bean, Arabi, displayed the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), while the lowest was recorded on the cowpea, Mashhad. Also, the highest net reproductive rate (R0) was obtained in those insects reared on the Arabi cultivar. Larvae displayed the highest and lowest proteolytic activities when fed on Mashhad and Arabi cultivars, respectively. The highest amylolytic activity was quantified in larvae that fed on the Arabi and 1057 cultivars, while the lowest occurred in larvae feeding on Yaghout and Mashhad cultivars. Developmental time of S. littoralis larvae was negatively correlated with protein content, while amylolytic activity was positively correlated with starch content of legumes. Our findings indicate that Arabi was a susceptible cultivar, while Mashhad exhibited tolerance traits against S. littoralis. These results should facilitate selection of legume cultivars for production or breeding efforts that involve S. littoralis management.
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Grover S, Cardona JB, Zogli P, Alvarez S, Naldrett MJ, Sattler SE, Louis J. Reprogramming of sorghum proteome in response to sugarcane aphid infestation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111289. [PMID: 35643611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) is a key piercing-sucking pest of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) that cause significant yield losses. While feeding on host plants, complex signaling networks are invoked from recognition of insect attack to induction of plant defenses. Consequently, these signaling networks lead to the production of insecticidal compounds or limited access of nutrients to insects. Previously, several studies were published on the transcriptomics analysis of sorghum in response to SCA infestation, but no information is available on the physiological changes of sorghum at the proteome level. We used the SCA resistant sorghum genotype SC265 for the global proteomics analysis after 1 and 7 days of SCA infestation using the TMT-plex technique. Peptides matching a total of 4211 proteins were identified and 158 proteins were differentially expressed at day 1 and 7. Overall, proteome profiling of SC265 after SCA infestation at days 1 and 7 revealed the suppression of plant defense-related proteins and upregulation of plant defense and signaling-related proteins, respectively. The plant defense responses based on proteome data were validated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to observe changes in aphid feeding. Feeding behavior analyses revealed that SCA spent significantly longer time in phloem phase on SCA infested plants for day 1 and lesser time in day 7 SCA infested sorghum plants, compared to their respective control plants. Overall, our study provides insights into underlying mechanisms that contribute to sorghum resistance to SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjan Grover
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Prince Zogli
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Michael J Naldrett
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68583, USA.
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Hrip1 Induces Systemic Resistance against Bean Aphid (Megoura japonica Matsumura) in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061080. [PMID: 35744596 PMCID: PMC9227054 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging elicitor protein Hrip1 was evaluated for sublethal effects and biocontrol potential in the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. In Megoura japonica Matsumura, purified elicitor protein Hrip1 was investigated for impacts on endurance, life expectancy, juvenile expansion, fully grown procreative performance, and pathogen–pest interface. The multi-acting entomopathogenic effects of the active compounds of Alternaria tenuissima active on Hrip1 in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were also investigated. Megoura japonica population expansion was reduced by Hrip1 treatments (second and third generations). In a host selection test, control plants colonized quicker than Hrip1-treated P. vulgaris plants. Hrip1 influenced the longevity, development, and fertility of insects. Hrip1-elicitor protein concentrations aided M. japonica nymph development. Similarly, seedlings treated with Hrip1 generated fewer offspring than seedlings not treated with Hrip1. Hrip1 altered plant height and leaf surface structure, reducing M. japonica reproduction and colonization. Hrip1-treated P. vulgaris seedlings exhibited somewhat increased amounts of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene (ET). The integrated management of insect pests and biocontrol with Hrip1 in the agroecosystem appears to be suitable against M. japonica based on these findings.
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Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052690. [PMID: 35269836 PMCID: PMC8910576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is regulated by the interplay of signaling molecules comprising phytohormones. Plant volatile metabolites are released upon herbivore attack and are capable of directly inducing or priming hormonal defense signaling pathways. Secondary metabolites enable plants to quickly detect herbivore attacks and respond in a timely way in a rapidly changing scenario of pest and environment. Several studies have suggested that the potential for adaptation and/or resistance by insect herbivores to secondary metabolites is limited. These metabolites cause direct toxicity to insect pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms in plants to insect herbivores, and, by recruiting herbivore natural enemies, indirectly protect the plants. Herbivores adapt to secondary metabolites by the up/down regulation of sensory genes, and sequestration or detoxification of toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, herbivores, natural enemies and pollinators. Although the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pollinator interplay has been little explored, several reports suggest that both plants and pollinators are mutually benefited. Molecular insights into the regulatory proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites will pave the way for the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway intermediates for improving plant tolerance to herbivores. This review throws light on the role of PSMs in modulating multi-trophic interactions, contributing to the knowledge of plant-herbivore interactions to enable their management in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner.
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Divekar PA, Narayana S, Divekar BA, Kumar R, Gadratagi BG, Ray A, Singh AK, Rani V, Singh V, Singh AK, Kumar A, Singh RP, Meena RS, Behera TK. Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052690. [PMID: 35269836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052690/s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is regulated by the interplay of signaling molecules comprising phytohormones. Plant volatile metabolites are released upon herbivore attack and are capable of directly inducing or priming hormonal defense signaling pathways. Secondary metabolites enable plants to quickly detect herbivore attacks and respond in a timely way in a rapidly changing scenario of pest and environment. Several studies have suggested that the potential for adaptation and/or resistance by insect herbivores to secondary metabolites is limited. These metabolites cause direct toxicity to insect pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms in plants to insect herbivores, and, by recruiting herbivore natural enemies, indirectly protect the plants. Herbivores adapt to secondary metabolites by the up/down regulation of sensory genes, and sequestration or detoxification of toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, herbivores, natural enemies and pollinators. Although the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pollinator interplay has been little explored, several reports suggest that both plants and pollinators are mutually benefited. Molecular insights into the regulatory proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites will pave the way for the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway intermediates for improving plant tolerance to herbivores. This review throws light on the role of PSMs in modulating multi-trophic interactions, contributing to the knowledge of plant-herbivore interactions to enable their management in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Adinath Divekar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Srinivasa Narayana
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221305, India
| | | | - Rajeev Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Basana Gowda Gadratagi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Aishwarya Ray
- Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur 492012, India
| | - Achuit Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Vijaya Rani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Regional Research Station, Sargatia, Kushinagar 274406, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Sheopur 476339, India
| | - Rudra Pratap Singh
- Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kotwa, Azamgarh 276207, India
| | - Radhe Shyam Meena
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
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Biocontrol Potential of Novel Emerging Multiacting Bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NC6 against Brevicoryne brassicae in Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The emerging elicitor protein PeBA1, extracted from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NC6, was tested against the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) for its biocontrol potential. Its effects on the survival, lifespan, immature development, adult reproductive performance, and pest–pathogen interaction were assessed using electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) against B. brassicae. Furthermore, the direct effects of PeBA1 with temperature and climate change in Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis plants were investigated by the characterization of active compounds in B. amyloliquefaciens with multi-acting entomopathogenic effects. Compared with controls, PeBA1 treatments decreased (second- and third-generation) B. brassicae population growth rates. In a host selection test, control plants were colonized faster by B. brassicae than PeBA1-treated B. rapa plants. The B. brassicae nymphal development was extended by PeBA1 concentrations. Likewise, fecundity was reduced in PeBA1-treated seedlings compared with control, with fewer offspring produced. The trichomes and wax production on PeBA1-treated leaves resulted in a hostile environment for B. brassicae. PeBA1 altered the surface structure of the leaves, reducing B. brassicae reproduction and preventing colonization. Systemic defensive processes also included the activation of pathways (JA, SA, and ET). Based on these findings against B. brassicae, integrated pest management and bio control with PeBA1 in the agroecosystem appears to be suitable.
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Javed K, Humayun T, Humayun A, Wang Y, Javed H. PeaT1 and PeBC1 Microbial Protein Elicitors Enhanced Resistance against Myzus persicae Sulzer in Chili Capsicum annum L. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112197. [PMID: 34835323 PMCID: PMC8618443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer), a major and harmful chili aphid usually managed using chemical pesticides, is responsible for massive annual agricultural losses. The efficacy of two protein elicitors, PeaT1 and PeBC1, to stimulate a defensive response against M. persicae in chili was studied in this study. When compared to positive (water) and negative (buffer, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) controls, the rates of population growth (intrinsic rate of increase) of M. persicae (second and third generations) were lower with PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings. M. persicae demonstrated a preference for colonizing control (12.18 ± 0.06) plants over PeaT1- (7.60 ± 0.11) and PeBC1 (6.82 ± 0.09) treated chilli seedlings in a host selection assay. Moreover, PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings, the nymphal development period of the M. persicae was extended. Similarly, fecundity was lowered in the PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chilli seedlings, with fewer offspring produced compared to the positive (water) and negative controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The trichomes and wax production on the PeaT1 and PeBC1-treated chilli leaves created a disadvantageous surface environment for M. persicae. Compared to control (30.17 ± 0.16 mm-2), PeaT1 (56.23 ± 0.42 mm-2) and PeBC1 (52.14 ± 0.34 mm-2) had more trichomes. The levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) were significantly higher in the PeaT1- and PeBC1-treated chili seedlings, indicating considerable accumulation. PeaT1 and PeBC1 significantly affected the height of the chili plant and the surface structure of the leaves, reducing M. persicae reproduction and preventing colonization, according to the data. The activation of pathways was also part of the defensive response (JA, SA, and ET). This present research findings established an evidence of biocontrol for the utilization of PeaT1 and PeBC1 in the defence of chili plants against M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Javed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Department of Environmental Science, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Talha Humayun
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Unit 1 HFH), Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Ayesha Humayun
- Department of Clinical studies, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Humayun Javed
- Department of Entomology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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Bhavanam S, Stout M. Seed Treatment With Jasmonic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate Induces Resistance to Insects but Reduces Plant Growth and Yield in Rice, Oryza sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691768. [PMID: 34484259 PMCID: PMC8415220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
When applied exogenously to plants, jasmonates [i.e., jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)] increase plant resistance against herbivores, and their use in pest management has been suggested. For integration into pest management programs, the benefits of the resistance induced by jasmonates must outweigh the costs of jasmonates on plant growth and yield. A previous field study in rice found that seed treatment with MeJA reduced densities of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, but also reduced plant growth. Yields from MeJA plots were similar to yields from control plots. Because this study was conducted under field conditions with natural levels of pest populations, it was unclear whether effects on growth and yield were due to direct effects of MeJA treatment on the plant or due to lower reductions in rice water weevil densities. Therefore, the present study was designed to characterize the effects of JA and MeJA seed treatment on rice plant growth and yield in a pest-free environment under greenhouse conditions. Seed treatment with 2.5 mM JA and 2.5 mM MeJA enhanced resistance in rice plants to rice water weevils when plants were exposed to weevils 30 days after planting. Seed treatment with MeJA reduced seedling emergence and plant height at 4 and 14 days after planting, respectively, compared to JA and control treatments. However, numbers of tillers per plant at 45 days after planting and days to heading were unaffected by jasmonate seed treatment. Of four yield components (panicles per plant, filled grains per panicle, percent unfilled grains, and filled grain mass) that were measured, only filled grain mass was reduced by seed treatment. Plants grown from MeJA-treated seeds showed 31% lower grain masses compared to plants grown from control-treated seeds. Thus, the effects of seed treatment with MeJA on plant growth were stronger immediately post-treatment and subsided over time, such that plant growth mostly recovered 6 weeks after treatment. At maturity, MeJA may reduce one but not all components of yield. Despite similar effects on rice water weevil resistance, the negative effects of JA seed treatment on plant growth and yield were smaller compared to MeJA seed treatment.
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Poveda J, Francisco M, Cartea ME, Velasco P. Development of Transgenic Brassica Crops Against Biotic Stresses Caused by Pathogens and Arthropod Pests. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121664. [PMID: 33261092 PMCID: PMC7761317 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Brassica genus includes one of the 10 most agronomically and economically important plant groups in the world. Within this group, we can find examples such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, turnip or rapeseed. Their cultivation and postharvest are continually threatened by significant stresses of biotic origin, such as pathogens and pests. In recent years, numerous research groups around the world have developed transgenic lines within the Brassica genus that are capable of defending themselves effectively against these enemies. The present work compiles all the existing studies to date on this matter, focusing in a special way on those of greater relevance in recent years, the choice of the gene of interest and the mechanisms involved in improving plant defenses. Some of the main transgenic lines developed include coding genes for chitinases, glucanases or cry proteins, which show effective results against pathogens such as Alternaria brassicae, Leptosphaeria maculans or Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, or pests such as Lipaphis erysimi or Plutella xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Poveda
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986-85-48-00 (ext. 232)
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21
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Javed K, Javed H, Qiu D. Biocontrol Potential of Purified Elicitor Protein PeBL1 Extracted from Brevibacillus laterosporus Strain A60 and Its Capacity in the Induction of Defense Process against Cucumber Aphid ( Myzus persicae) in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus). BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070179. [PMID: 32708244 PMCID: PMC7408455 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cucumber aphid (Myzus persicae), a destructive cucumber aphid usually managed by chemical pesticides, is responsible for enormous annual agricultural losses. A protein elicitor, PeBL1, was investigated in the present work for its ability to induce a defense response against M. persicae in cucumber. The rates of population growth (Intrinsic rate of increase) of M. persicae (second and third generations) decreased with PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings as compared to positive (water) and negative 70.58 μg mL-1 controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). In an assay on host selection, M. persicae had a preference for colonizing control plants as compared to the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. The nymphal development time of the aphid was extended with the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. Likewise, fecundity was reduced, with less offspring produced in the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings as compared to the positive (water) and negative 70.58 μg mL-1 controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The cucumber leaves treated with PeBL1 had a hazardous surface environment for M. persicae, caused by trichomes and wax formation. Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) levels were significantly higher, exhibiting significant accumulation in the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. The following results showed that PeBL1 considerably altered the height of the cucumber plant and the surface structure of the leaves to minimize M. persicae reproduction, and it prevented colonization. Defensive processes also included the activation of pathways (JA, SA, and ET). This study provides evidence of biocontrol for the use of PeBL1 in cucumber defense against M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Javed
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; or
| | - Humayun Javed
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Dewen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; or
- Correspondence:
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Jafarbeigi F, Samih MA, Alaei H, Shirani H. Induced Tomato Resistance Against Bemisia tabaci Triggered by Salicylic Acid, β-Aminobutyric Acid, and Trichoderma. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:456-467. [PMID: 32361943 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B is a key pest of Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) throughout the world. In this study, we examined the induction of resistance on tomato plants treated with SA, BABA, and Trichoderma either individually or in combination against B. tabaci biotype B through the assessment of some biological and behavioral aspects of this insect pest. Also, to understand the mode of action of these inducers, we correlated and analyzed the biochemical basis of plant resistance, by measuring levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and phenolic content in leaves of treated tomato plants. The longest development time of whitefly immature stages was recorded for plants treated with root β-aminobutyric acid application (RBABA) + root Trichoderma application (RT), root salicylic acid application (RSA) + RT, and RT. In a free-choice assay, B. tabaci adults showed a significantly lower preference for settling and oviposition in RBABA + RT, RSA + RT, and RT in comparison with control. In a no-choice assay, B. tabaci females laid significantly fewer eggs on treatments than those in control, with better results observed in RBABA + RT. Plants responded to different treatments and showed higher induction of PPO, POD, and PAL activities, besides the higher accumulation of phenols in RBABA + RT, RSA + RT, and RT treatments. These results suggest that RBABA + RT, RSA + RT, and RT could be utilized for the induction of effective plant defense against B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jafarbeigi
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr Univ of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - M A Samih
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr Univ of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - H Alaei
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr Univ of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - H Shirani
- Dept of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr Univ of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6951. [PMID: 32332811 PMCID: PMC7181774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides providing food and shelter to natural enemies of crop pests, plants used in conservation biological control interventions potentially provide additional ecosystem services including providing botanical insecticides. Here we concurrently tested the strength of these two services from six non-crop plants in managing cabbage pests in Ghana over three successive field seasons. Crop margin plantings of Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, Crotalaria juncea, Cymbopogon citratus, Lantana camara and Talinum triangulare were compared with a bare earth control in a three-way split plot design such that the crop in each plot was sprayed with either a 10% (w/v) aqueous extract from the border plant species, a negative control (water) and a positive control (emamectin benzoate 'Attack' insecticide). Pests were significantly less numerous in all unsprayed treatments with non-crop plant margins and in corresponding sprayed treatments (with botanical or synthetic insecticide positive control) while treatments with bare earth margin or sprayed with water (negative controls) had the highest pest densities. Numbers of predators were significantly depressed by synthetic insecticide but higher in other treatments whether unsprayed or sprayed with botanical insecticide. We conclude that some plant species have utility in both conservation biological control and as source of botanical insecticides that are relatively benign to natural enemies. In this crop system, however, the additional cost associated with using botanical insecticides was not justified by greater levels of pest suppression than achieved from border plants alone.
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Esmaeily S, Amin Samih M, Izadi H. Induced eggplant resistance against Trialeurodes vaporariorum triggered by jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and Nesidiocoris tenuis feeding. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:285-292. [PMID: 31559944 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, is one of the major insect pests of agricultural crops such as eggplant. Due to various difficulties associated with synthetic pesticides, more environmentally friendly alternative methods are greatly appreciated for controlling pests. In the present study, the induction of resistance was investigated in eggplant using root and foliar application of jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, as well as Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) either individually or in combination against T. vaporariorum. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions inside a growth chamber, which was set at 27 ± 2°C, 50 ± 5% relative humidity with a 16 h day length. Our results showed an increase in plant resistance due to the higher immature mortality rates, longer immature periods, lower longevity of adults, and fecundity. In free-choice situation, oviposition on root jasmonic acid (RJA) + N. tenuis and root abscisic acid (RABA) + N. tenuis was similar, but numbers of eggs deposited on these plants were lower than other treatments and control plants. The plant enzyme activity and phenolic content were significantly greater in RJA + N. tenuis and RABA + N. tenuis, intermediate in individual treatments, and the lowest in control plants. Correspondingly, T. vaporariorum longevity, number of eggs produced per female, oviposition preference, all were lowest when the insects fed on these treatments. These findings suggest that the induction of resistance in eggplants with the physiological changes in the host plant leads to a reduction in whitefly damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Esmaeily
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Samih
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Izadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Javed K, Qiu D. Protein Elicitor PeBL1 of Brevibacillus laterosporus Enhances Resistance Against Myzus persicae in Tomato. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010057. [PMID: 31947681 PMCID: PMC7168619 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myzus persicae, a destructive aphid of tomato usually managed by chemical pesticides, is responsible for huge annual losses in agriculture. In the current work, a protein elicitor, PeBL1, was investigated for its capacity to induce a defense response against M. persicae in tomato. Population growth rates of M. persicae (second and third generation) decreased with PeBL1 treatments as compared with controls. In a host selection assay, M. persicae showed preference for colonizing control plants as compared to tomato seedlings treated with PeBL1. Tomato leaves treated with PeBL1 gave rise to a hazardous surface environment for M. persicae due to formation of trichomes and wax. Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) showed significant accumulation in tomato seedlings treated by PeBL1. The following results showed that PeBL1 significantly modified the tomato leaf surface structure to reduce reproduction and deter colonization by M. persicae. Defense processes also included activation of JA, SA, and ET pathways. The study provides evidence for use of PeBL1 in the protection of tomato from M. persicae.
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Li L, Wang S, Yang X, Francis F, Qiu D. Protein elicitor PeaT1 enhanced resistance against aphid (Sitobion avenae) in wheat. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:236-243. [PMID: 31149755 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitobion avenae, a dominant aphid in wheat that causes huge annual losses in agriculture, is mainly controlled using chemical pesticides. In this study, we investigated a protein elicitor, PeaT, for its induction of the defense response in wheat against Sitobion avenae. RESULTS Intrinsic rates of increase in second and third generations of S. avenae decreased in the PeaT1 (second generation 0.31 ± 0.01, third generation 0.28 ± 0.01) treatment compared with controls (second generation 0.28 ± 0.01, third generation 0.26 ± 0.01). S. avenae preferred to colonize control rather than PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings in a host selection test. PeaT1-treated wheat leaves possessed more trichomes and wax that formed a disadvantageous surface environment for S. avenae. Both salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulated significantly in PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings. CONCLUSION These results showed that PeaT1 modified physical surface structures in wheat to reduce reproduction and deter colonization by S. avenae. SA and JA were involved in the induced physical defense process. This study provided evidence for use of PeaT1 as a 'vaccine' to protect wheat from Sitobion avenae. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Shuangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Frederic Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Dewen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abedi Z, Golizadeh A, Soufbaf M, Hassanpour M, Jafari-Nodoushan A, Akhavan HR. Relationship Between Performance of Carob Moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Phytochemical Metabolites in Various Pomegranate Cultivars. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1425. [PMID: 31803071 PMCID: PMC6877663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the main pest of pomegranate, Punica granatum L., in Iran and many parts of the world. In this study, the effects of 11 commercial cultivars of pomegranate (Aban-Mahi, Esfahani-Daneghermez, Gabri, Gorche-Tafti, Malase-Danesyah, Malase-Yazdi, Shahvare-Daneghermez, Shahvare-Danesefid, Tabolarze-Mehrmahi, Tafti, and Toghe-Gardan) were evaluated on life history variables, nutritional performance, and energy reserves of E. ceratoniae under the following laboratory conditions: 30 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) hours. In addition, biochemical characteristics of the tested cultivars were assessed in order to understand any possible correlation between important demographic parameters and nutritional properties with biochemical features of pomegranate juice. Our research showed that various pomegranate cultivars have significant effects on life history, demographical parameters, nutritional indices, and energy reserves of E. ceratoniae. The shortest development time was observed on Shahvare-Danesefid cultivar and the longest was on Esfahani-Daneghermez and Malase-Danesyah cultivars. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was observed on Shahvare-Danesefid and the lowest was on Esfahani-Daneghermez. Six major anthocyanin compounds were detected in juice of various pomegranate cultivars. Significant positive or negative correlations were observed between life history variables and nutritional characteristics with biochemical traits of pomegranate cultivars. The results indicated that Shahvare-Danesefid was a relatively susceptible pomegranate cultivar and Esfahani-Daneghermez was the least appropriate (most resistant) cultivar for feeding of E. ceratoniae, which could be useful in the development of integrated pest management strategies for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abedi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Golizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Soufbaf
- Department of Plant Protection, Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hassanpour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Hamid-Reza Akhavan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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