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Blumkaitis JC, Nunes N, Strepp T, Tomaskovic A, Wenger M, Widauer H, Aglas L, Simon P, Stöggl TL, Haller N. Exploring sex differences in blood-based biomarkers following exhaustive exercise using bioinformatics analysis. Biol Sport 2024; 41:105-118. [PMID: 38952916 PMCID: PMC11167456 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.132998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the acute effects of exercise testing on immunology markers, established blood-based biomarkers, and questionnaires in endurance athletes, with a focus on biological sex differences. Twenty-four healthy endurance-trained participants (16 men, age: 29.2± 7.6 years, maximal oxygen uptake (V ˙ O 2 max ): 59.4 ± 7.5 ml · min-1 · kg-1; 8 women, age: 26.8 ± 6.1 years,V ˙ O 2 max : 52.9 ± 3.1 ml · min-1 · kg-1) completed an incremental submaximal exercise test and a ramp test. The study employed exploratory bioinformatics analysis: mixed ANOVA, k-means clustering, and uniform manifold approximation and projection, to assess the effects of exhaustive exercise on biomarkers and questionnaires. Significant increases in biomarkers (lymphocytes, platelets, procalcitonin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, cell-free DNA (cfDNA)) and fatigue were observed post-exercise. Furthermore, differences pre- to post-exercise were observed in cytokines, cfDNA, and other blood biomarkers between male and female participants. Three distinct groups of athletes with differing proportions of females (Cluster 1: 100% female, Cluster 2: 85% male, Cluster 3: 37.5% female and 65.5% male) were identified with k-means clustering. Specific biomarkers (e.g., interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-13, as well as cfDNA) served as primary markers for each cluster, potentially informing individualized exercise responses. In conclusion, our study identified exercise-sensitive biomarkers and provides valuable insights into the relationships between biological sex and biomarker responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Blumkaitis
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Natalia Nunes
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tilmann Strepp
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Aleksandar Tomaskovic
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Wenger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannah Widauer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Leonhard Stöggl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nils Haller
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Allaart LJH, Lech J, Macken AA, Kling A, Lafosse L, Lafosse T, van den Bekerom MPJ, Buijze GA. Biomodulating healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: the protocol of a randomised proof of concept trial (BIOHACK). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071078. [PMID: 37586862 PMCID: PMC10432644 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/INTRODUCTION Over the last decades, there has been increasing interest in biological stimulation or bioaugmentation after rotator cuff repair. So far, there is no consensus on the appropriate composition of biologicals or which patients would benefit most, and moreover, these biologicals are often expensive. However, there are other, non-pharmacological strategies that are also believed to achieve biological stimulation. This randomised controlled trial evaluates the possible cumulative effect of pragmatic application of cryobiomodulation, photobiomodulation and electrobiomodulation-collectively called biomodulation-on the bone-to-tendon healing process after rotator cuff repair. METHODS In this randomised, controlled proof of concept study, 146 patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of a full thickness posterosuperior or anterosuperior rotator cuff tear will be 1:1 randomly assigned to either a control group or to the additional biomodulation protocol group. The adjuvant biomodulation protocol consists of seven self-applicable therapies and will be administered during the first 6 weeks after surgery. Primary outcome will be healing of the rotator cuff as evaluated by the Sugaya classification on MRI at 1-year postoperatively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been accepted by the National Ethical Review Board CPP Sud-Est IV in France and has been registered at Clinicaltrials.gov. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04618484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Jan Houterman Allaart
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinique Générale Annecy, Annecy, France
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Joint Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Lech
- Radiology, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Alexander Macken
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinique Générale Annecy, Annecy, France
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agathe Kling
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinique Générale Annecy, Annecy, France
| | - Laurent Lafosse
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinique Générale Annecy, Annecy, France
| | - Thibault Lafosse
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinique Générale Annecy, Annecy, France
| | - Michel P J van den Bekerom
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Joint Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Alexander Buijze
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinique Générale Annecy, Annecy, France
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montpellier University Medical Center, Lapeyronie Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Lech JC, Halma MT, Obajuluwa AO, Baker M, Hamblin MR. Fiat Lux: Light and Pedagogy for the 21st Century. Ann Neurosci 2023; 30:133-142. [PMID: 37706102 PMCID: PMC10496794 DOI: 10.1177/09727531221136646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between the quality of the learning environment and student outcomes is receiving more serious attention from educational psychologists, neurologists, ophthalmologists, orthopedists, surgeons, oncologists, architects, ergonomists, nutritionists, and Michelin star chefs. There is a role for ergonomic office and school design to positively impact worker and student productivity, and one design attribute drawing attention is the indoor lit environment. In this review, we expand upon the role that light plays in education, as it has enabled millions of pupils to read at late hours, which were previously too dark. However, still unappreciated is the biological effects of artificial light on circadian rhythm and its subsequent impacts on health and learning outcomes. Summary This review describes the current state of light in the educational environment, its impact, and the effect of certain inexpensive and easy-to-implement adaptations to better support student growth, learning and development. We find that the current lighting environment for pupils is sub-optima based on biological mechanism and may be improved through cost effective interventions. These interventions can achieve greater biological harmonization and improve learner outcomes. Key Message The impact of the lighting environment in educational institutions on pupil biology has received minimal attention thus far. The current lighting environment in schools is not conducive to student health and educational performance. Cost-effective approaches can have an outsized impact on student health and educational attainment. We strongly recommend educational institutions take the lit environment into account when designing educational programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Lech
- * These authors share joint first authorship
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- National Research Foundation, South Africa
- International EMF Project & Optical Radiation, World Health Organization, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Matthew T.J. Halma
- * These authors share joint first authorship
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adejoke O. Obajuluwa
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Olusegun Obasanjo Way, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Malcolm Baker
- † Passed away June 16, 2021
- Department of Neurology, 1 Military Hospital, Pretoria, Department of Defence, South Africa Military Health Service Pretoria
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Jamieson IA. Grounding (earthing) as related to electromagnetic hygiene: An integrative review. Biomed J 2023; 46:30-40. [PMID: 36496151 PMCID: PMC10105031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a growing number of studies investigating how grounding (earthing) the body may benefit biological performance and aid the treatment of non-communicable diseases. Research also indicates how biological grounding initiatives can sometimes be compromised, or inappropriate, and the need to take additional factors into account as potential contributory factors, or confounders, to expected results. It is proposed that expanding electromagnetic hygiene measures beyond biological grounding alone may help reduce spread of communicable diseases, incidence of respiratory conditions, neurodegenerative disease and all-cause mortality. Identifying potential synergies that exist could enable multilevel interventions to further increase the efficacy of measures. It is hoped that this review will help act as a catalyst to inspire and inform multi-disciplinary research within these topic areas, best practices and policies to help drive medical innovation, reduce health burdens, improve bioelectromagnetic-based therapies, and influence the general design of the built environment and next-generation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Jamieson
- Design, Business and Technology Management Program, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Oschman JL. Illnesses in technologically advanced societies due to lack of grounding (earthing). Biomed J 2022; 46:17-29. [PMID: 36336303 PMCID: PMC10105023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The research on grounding or earthing summarized here is providing valuable clues about why chronic and autoimmune diseases are rampant, simple and reliable help for those with these health issues, and promising paths forward. During the period when this research was getting started, approximately 2000 to the present, scientists from around the world were establishing connections between inflammation and virtually all chronic diseases (Table 1) using the c-reactive protein assay developed by Ridker and his colleagues at Harvard Medical School. This article reviews Earthing, a safe therapy that optimizes (balances) each person's unique physiological functions; and that provides relief from the major diseases of the aging population; and that may slow the aging process itself. This statement is made because of the recognition that cumulative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS), sometimes referred to as free radicals, is one of the most widely studied theories of the cause of aging. Because the continuous semiconducting fabric of the body reaches into every part of the body, including the interiors of all cells and their nuclei, mobile electrons in the grounded or earthed person are thought to be capable of rapidly neutralizing ROS produced by oxidative metabolism taking place in every cell and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Oschman
- Nature's Own Research Association, PO Box 1935, Dover, NH, USA; The Earthing Institute, 367 S Cahuilla Rd, Palm Springs, CA, USA.
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Bontemps B, Vercruyssen F, Gruet M, Louis J. Downhill Running: What Are The Effects and How Can We Adapt? A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2020; 50:2083-2110. [PMID: 33037592 PMCID: PMC7674385 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Downhill running (DR) is a whole-body exercise model that is used to investigate the physiological consequences of eccentric muscle actions and/or exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). In a sporting context, DR sections can be part of running disciplines (off-road and road running) and can accentuate EIMD, leading to a reduction in performance. The purpose of this narrative review is to: (1) better inform on the acute and delayed physiological effects of DR; (2) identify and discuss, using a comprehensive approach, the DR characteristics that affect the physiological responses to DR and their potential interactions; (3) provide the current state of evidence on preventive and in-situ strategies to better adapt to DR. Key findings of this review show that DR may have an impact on exercise performance by altering muscle structure and function due to EIMD. In the majority of studies, EIMD are assessed through isometric maximal voluntary contraction, blood creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness, with DR characteristics (slope, exercise duration, and running speed) acting as the main influencing factors. In previous studies, the median (25th percentile, Q1; 75th percentile, Q3) slope, exercise duration, and running speed were - 12% (- 15%; - 10%), 40 min (30 min; 45 min) and 11.3 km h-1 (9.8 km h-1; 12.9 km h-1), respectively. Regardless of DR characteristics, people the least accustomed to DR generally experienced the most EIMD. There is growing evidence to suggest that preventive strategies that consist of prior exposure to DR are the most effective to better tolerate DR. The effectiveness of in-situ strategies such as lower limb compression garments and specific footwear remains to be confirmed. Our review finally highlights important discrepancies between studies in the assessment of EIMD, DR protocols and populations, which prevent drawing firm conclusions on factors that most influence the response to DR, and adaptive strategies to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bontemps
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire IAPS, Toulon, France
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | | | - Mathieu Gruet
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire IAPS, Toulon, France
| | - Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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Huang C, Wang Z, Xu X, Hu S, Zhu R, Chen X. Does Acupuncture Benefit Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness After Strenuous Exercise? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:666. [PMID: 32765287 PMCID: PMC7379881 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the effects of acupuncture intervention on alleviating delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) after intense exercise. Method: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from online databases including Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), and Wanfang (Chinese) up to April 2019. Data points were extracted from the eligible RCTs at the time points of 24, 48, and 72 h post strenuous exercise-induced DOMS. The outcomes of muscle soreness rating (MSR), creatine kinase (CK), and maximal isometric force (MIF) were pooled into the meta-analysis to assess the acupuncture intervention on DOMS. Results: Six eligible RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, and the results showed that acupuncture intervention significantly decreased MSR [standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.49, 95%CI −0.73 to −0.24, P < 0.001, I2 = 34%] and the serum level of CK (SMD −0.91, 95%CI −1.27 to −0.56, P < 0.001, I2 = 30%), accompanied with the improvement of the muscle strength (MIF) (SMD 0.54, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.93, P = 0.006, I2 = 51%) after intense exercise. At the same time, the findings also revealed that acupuncture intervention had a long-lasting effect and tended to accumulate the effect size and that it had the most efficacy on alleviating DOMS at the time point of 72 h post exercise. Conclusion: The current evidence indicates that acupuncture intervention after intense exercise could be effective for alleviating DOMS and improving muscle recovery. The long-lasting effect of acupuncture intervention on DOMS started from 24 h and would reach a peak on the time point of 72 h post exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Hu
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Sports Hospital Affiliated With Zhejiang College of Sports, Zhejiang College of Sports, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Menigoz W, Latz TT, Ely RA, Kamei C, Melvin G, Sinatra D. Integrative and lifestyle medicine strategies should include Earthing (grounding): Review of research evidence and clinical observations. Explore (NY) 2019; 16:152-160. [PMID: 31831261 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Earthing (also known as grounding) refers to the discovery that bodily contact with the Earth's natural electric charge stabilizes the physiology at the deepest levels, reduces inflammation, pain, and stress, improves blood flow, energy, and sleep, and generates greater well-being. Such effects are profound, systemic, and foundational, and often develop rapidly. Earthing is as simple as routinely walking barefoot outdoors and/or using inexpensive grounding systems indoors while sleeping or sitting, practices that restore a lost and needed electric connection with the Earth. Some 20 studies to date have reported intriguing evidence of wide and significant physiological improvements when the body is grounded vs. non-grounded. The research, along with numerous anecdotal reports, demonstrates that Earthing clearly deserves inclusion in the clinical practice of preventive, alternative, and lifestyle medicine and has great potential to render these approaches more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Menigoz
- Naprapathic Healing Center, 1230 Larry Power Rd., Bourbonnais, IL 60914, United States.
| | - Tracy T Latz
- Lake Norman Integrative Psychiatry, 116 S Main St, Suite 301, Mooresville, NC 28115, United States.
| | - Robin A Ely
- Center for Integrative Medicine, 12536 Ansin Circle Drive, Potomac, MD, United States.
| | - Cimone Kamei
- Jujube Clinic, 2863 Kalakaua Ave., Diamond Head Suite, Honolulu, HI 96815, United States.
| | - Gregory Melvin
- Total Thermal Imaging Wellness Center, 8341 La Mesa Blvd, La Mesa, CA 91942, United States.
| | - Drew Sinatra
- Clear Center of Health, 125 Throckmorton Ave, Mill Valley, CA 94941, United States.
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