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Gebauer J, Hodkovicova N, Tosnerova K, Skoupa K, Batik A, Bartejsova I, Charvatova M, Leva L, Jarosova R, Sladek Z, Faldyna M, Stastny K. Anabolic steroids induced changes at the level of protein expression: Effects of prolonged administration of testosterone and nandrolone to pigs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104422. [PMID: 38521435 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic derivatives of steroid hormones, specifically anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), have gained prominence due to their observed benefits in enhancing meat quality. The study replicated the administration of banned AAS and investigated their impacts on pigs to contribute to the understanding of animal biochemistry and to explore the feasibility of detecting AAS administration by employing a non-targeted analysis. The effects were corroborated by evaluating changes in the expression of selected proteins, as well as examining haematological and biochemical profiles and histological alterations. Exposure to AAS influenced the expression of proteins related to drug-metabolizing enzymes, muscle and lipid metabolism, kidney function, reproductive processes, immune system functions, and carcinogenic changes. The effects of AAS appear intricate and contingent on factors such as the specific drug used, dosage, and duration of administration. The results underscore that protein expression analysis holds promise as a valuable tool for detecting illicit AAS use in the fattening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gebauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristina Tosnerova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Skoupa
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Batik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Bartejsova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Charvatova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Leva
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rea Jarosova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbysek Sladek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Stastny
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Szczepanik K, Oczkowicz M, Dobrowolski P, Świątkiewicz M. The Protective Effects of Astaxanthin (AST) in the Liver of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3268. [PMID: 37893992 PMCID: PMC10603637 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the weaning period, piglets are exposed to high levels of stress, which often causes problems with the digestive system. This stress also promotes the production of free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress. Astaxanthin (AST) stands out as one of the most potent antioxidants. Its resistance to light and heat makes it particularly valuable in compound feed production. This study was to determine the effect of AST impact on liver histology and gene expression in piglets. For our experiment, we used 16 weaned piglets of the PL breed, which we divided into two groups: Group I (control group with no AST supplementation) and Group II (supplemented with AST at 0.025 g/kg). Both feed mixtures were iso-proteins and iso-energetic, meeting the nutritional requirements of the piglets. The experiment lasted from day 35 to day 70 of the piglets' age, during which they had ad libitum access. The results indicate that the addition of AST prevents liver fibrosis due to reduced collagen deposition in the tissue. Analysis of gene expression supported these results. In the AST-supplemented group, we noted a decrease in NR1H3 expression, an increase in CYP7A1 expression, and reductions in the expression of NOTCH1 and CREB genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Szczepanik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska St. 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Maria Oczkowicz
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska St. 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska St. 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Ś.)
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Lai C, Chen L, Zhong X, Tang Z, Zhang B, Luo Y, Li C, Jin M, Chen X, Li J, Shi Y, Sun Y, Guo L. Long-term effects on liver metabolism induced by ceftriaxone sodium pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122238. [PMID: 37506808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ceftriaxone is an emerging contaminant due to its potential harm, while its effects on liver are still need to be clarified. In this study, we first pretreated the 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice with high dose ceftriaxone sodium (Cef, 400 mg/mL, 0.2 mL per dose) for 8 days to prepare a gut dysbiosis model, then treated with normal feed for a two-month recovery period, and applied non-targeted metabolomics (including lipidomics) to investigate the variations of fecal and liver metabolome, and coupled with targeted determination of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). Lastly, the correlations and mediation analysis between the liver metabolism and gut metabolism/microbes were carried, and the potential mechanisms of the mal-effects on gut-liver axis induced by Cef pretreatment were accordingly discussed. Compared to the control group, Cef pretreatment reduced the rate of weight gain and hepatosomatic index, induced bile duct epithelial cells proliferated around the central vein and appearance of binucleated hepatocytes, decreased the ratio of total branching chains amino acids (BCAAs) to total aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in liver metabolome. In fecal metabolome, the total fecal SCFAs and BAs did not change significantly while butyric acid decreased and the primary BAs increased after Cef pretreatment. Correlation and mediation analysis revealed one potential mechanism that Cef may first change the intestinal microbiota (such as destroying its normal structure, reducing its abundance and the stability of the microbial network or certain microbe abundance like Alistipes), and then change the intestinal metabolism (such as acetate, caproate, propionate), leading to liver metabolic disorder (such as spermidine, inosine, cinnamaldehyde). This study proved the possibility of Cef-induced liver damage, displayed the overall metabolic profile of the liver following Cef pretreatment and provided a theoretical framework for further research into the mechanism of Cef-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengze Lai
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Linkang Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhong
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Guangzhou Liwan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengji Li
- Yunfu Disease Control and Prevention Center, Guang Dong Province, China
| | - Mengcheng Jin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yinying Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanqin Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lianxian Guo
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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Wei C, Zeng H, Zhong Z, Cai X, Teng J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li J, Zhang Z. Integration of non-additive genome-wide association study with a multi-tissue transcriptome analysis of growth and carcass traits in Duroc pigs. Animal 2023; 17:100817. [PMID: 37196577 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and carcass traits are of economic importance in the pig production, which affect pork quality and profitability of finishing pig production. This study used whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies to identify potential candidate genes affecting growth and carcass traits in Duroc pigs. The medium (50-60 k) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays of 4 154 Duroc pigs from three populations were imputed to whole-genome sequence data, yielding 10 463 227 markers on 18 autosomes. The dominance heritabilities estimated for growth and carcass traits ranged from 0.000 ± 0.041 to 0.161 ± 0.054. Using non-additive genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified 80 dominance quantitative trait loci for growth and carcass traits at genome-wide significance (false discovery rate < 5%), 15 of which were also detected in our additive GWAS. After fine mapping, 31 candidate genes for dominance GWAS were annotated, and 8 of them were highlighted that have been previously reported to be associated with growth and development (e.g. SNX14, RELN and ENPP2), autosomal recessive diseases (e.g. AMPH, SNX14, RELN and CACNB4) and immune response (e.g. UNC93B1 and PPM1D). By integrating the lead SNPs with RNA-seq data of 34 pig tissues from the Pig Genotype-Tissue Expression project (https://piggtex.farmgtex.org/), we found that the rs691128548, rs333063869, and rs1110730611 have significantly dominant effects for the expression of SNX14, AMPH and UNC93B1 genes in tissues related to growth and development for pig, respectively. Finally, the identified candidate genes were significantly enriched for biological processes involved in the cell and organ development, lipids catabolic process and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling (P < 0.05). These results provide new molecular markers for meat production and quality selection of pig as well as basis for deciphering the genetic mechanisms of growth and carcass traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Haonan Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zhanming Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaodian Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jingyan Teng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yunxiang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, PR China
| | - Xibo Wu
- Guangxi Guiken Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co. Ltd, Nanning 530000, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Lee J, Htoo JK, Kluenemann M, González-Vega JC, Nyachoti CM. Effects of dietary protein content and crystalline amino acid supplementation patterns in low protein diets on intestinal bacteria and their metabolites in weaned pigs raised under Different sanitary conditions. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad252. [PMID: 37527457 PMCID: PMC10439707 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content and crystalline amino acids (CAA) supplementation patterns in low CP (LCP) diets on intestinal bacteria and their metabolites in weaned pigs raised under clean (CSC) or unclean sanitary conditions (USC). One hundred forty-four piglets (6.35 ± 0.63 kg) were assigned to one of six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement based on CP content and sanitary conditions in a randomized complete block design to give eight replicates with three pigs per pen over a 21-d period. Diets consisted of a high CP (HCP; 21%) and two LCP (18%) diets supplemented with 9 CAA (Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, Ile, Leu, His, and Phe) or only six CAA (Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, and Ile) to meet the requirements. The CSC room was washed weekly, whereas the USC room had sow manure spread in the pens from the beginning of the study and was not washed throughout the experiment. Jejunum and colon digesta were sampled on day 21. Both jejunum and colon digesta were analyzed for ammonia nitrogen, short-chain fatty acids, and biogenic amines but only colon digesta was analyzed for microbiome composition (16s rRNA sequencing on MiSeq). Data were analyzed using R software for 16S rRNA and the MIXED procedure of SAS for microbial metabolites. Sanitation, CP content, and CAA supplementation patterns did not affect the diversity of colonic bacterial composition in weaned pigs. Pigs raised under USC had greater (P < 0.05) jejunal ammonia nitrogen concentration than those raised under CSC. Pigs fed LCP diets had reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal ammonia nitrogen concentration compared to those fed the HCP diet. Interactions between sanitation and dietary CP content were observed (P < 0.05) for: (1) jejunal acetate and (2) colonic spermidine and spermine, whereby (1) acetate concentrations decreased from NCP to LCP in pigs raised under the CSC but those concentrations increased under the USC, and (2) spermidine and spermine concentrations increased in LCP diets compared to HCP diet under USC, unlike CSC which did not show any difference between HCP and LCP. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP lowered ammonia nitrogen content regardless of sanitation and increased microbial metabolites in weaned pigs raised under USC. However, LCP diets with different CAA supplementation patterns did not affect bacterial diversity in weaned pigs, regardless of the hygienic conditions where the animals were housed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - John K Htoo
- Nutrition & Care, Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee, Hanau-Wolfgang, Hessen, Germany 63457
| | - Martina Kluenemann
- Nutrition & Care, Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee, Hanau-Wolfgang, Hessen, Germany 63457
| | - J Caroline González-Vega
- Nutrition & Care, Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee, Hanau-Wolfgang, Hessen, Germany 63457
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Shi L, Li H, Huang X, Shu Z, Li J, Wang L, Yan H, Wang L. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed biological basis of sows from estrus to lactation. iScience 2022; 26:105825. [PMID: 36636351 PMCID: PMC9830223 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying pregnancy development of sows is important for the genetic improvement of pig breeding traits, and also provides resources for biomedical research on human pregnancy diseases. However, the transcriptome and metabolome across multiple developmental stages of sow pregnancy were still lacking. In this study, we obtained 84 distinct RNA sequencing and 42 metabolome datasets of pig blood across six development stages from estrus to lactation. We confirmed the initial sequence and exonic structural features, stage-specific molecules, expression or accumulation pattern of molecules, the regulatory mechanism of transcriptome and metabolome, and important pregnancy-related metabolites both in pigs and humans. In conclusion, we proposed the key differences among the stages of sows from estrus to lactation in RNAs and metabolites and put forward key markers. These data results were expected to provide essential resources for pig breeding and biomedical research on human pregnancy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China,Corresponding author
| | - Huihui Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ze Shu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingna Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China,Corresponding author
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7
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Almeida JI, Tenreiro MF, Martinez-Santamaria L, Guerrero-Aspizua S, Gisbert JP, Alves PM, Serra M, Baptista PM. Hallmarks of the human intestinal microbiome on liver maturation and function. J Hepatol 2022; 76:694-725. [PMID: 34715263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most metabolically complex systems in the body, the liver ensures multi-organ homeostasis and ultimately sustains life. Nevertheless, during early postnatal development, the liver is highly immature and takes about 2 years to acquire and develop almost all of its functions. Different events occurring at the environmental and cellular levels are thought to mediate hepatic maturation and function postnatally. The crosstalk between the liver, the gut and its microbiome has been well appreciated in the context of liver disease, but recent evidence suggests that the latter could also be critical for hepatic function under physiological conditions. The gut-liver crosstalk is thought to be mediated by a rich repertoire of microbial metabolites that can participate in a myriad of biological processes in hepatic sinusoids, from energy metabolism to tissue regeneration. Studies on germ-free animals have revealed the gut microbiome as a critical contributor in early hepatic programming, and this influence extends throughout life, mediating liver function and body homeostasis. In this seminar, we describe the microbial molecules that have a known effect on the liver and discuss how the gut microbiome and the liver evolve throughout life. We also provide insights on current and future strategies to target the gut microbiome in the context of hepatology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Almeida
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel F Tenreiro
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lucía Martinez-Santamaria
- Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Guerrero-Aspizua
- Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Department. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Carlos III University of Madrid. Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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8
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Patangia DV, Anthony Ryan C, Dempsey E, Paul Ross R, Stanton C. Impact of antibiotics on the human microbiome and consequences for host health. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1260. [PMID: 35212478 PMCID: PMC8756738 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and is perturbed by several factors including antibiotics. Antibiotic-induced changes in microbial composition can have a negative impact on host health including reduced microbial diversity, changes in functional attributes of the microbiota, formation, and selection of antibiotic-resistant strains making hosts more susceptible to infection with pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile. Antibiotic resistance is a global crisis and the increased use of antibiotics over time warrants investigation into its effects on microbiota and health. In this review, we discuss the adverse effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and thus host health, and suggest alternative approaches to antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrati V. Patangia
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, MooreparkFermoy Co.CorkIreland
- APC MicrobiomeCorkIreland
| | | | - Eugene Dempsey
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC MicrobiomeCorkIreland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, MooreparkFermoy Co.CorkIreland
- APC MicrobiomeCorkIreland
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9
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Lin Y, Huang L, Zhang X, Yang J, Chen X, Li F, Liu J, Huang R. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Activity of Actinomycin D Originating from Streptomyces parvulus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212231. [PMID: 34830114 PMCID: PMC8621895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen that causes various serious diseases, including chronic infections. Discovering new antibacterial agents is an important aspect of the pharmaceutical field because of the lack of effective antibacterial drugs. In our research, we found that one anti-S. aureus substance is actinomycin D, originating from Streptomyces parvulus (S. parvulus); then, we further focused on the anti-S. aureus ability and the omics profile of S. aureus in response to actinomycin D. The results revealed that actinomycin D had a significant inhibitory activity on S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 64 μg/mL. Bacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased 3.5-fold upon treatment with actinomycin D, as was measured with the oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe DCFH-DA, and H2O2 increased 3.5 times with treatment by actinomycin D. Proteomics and metabolomics, respectively, identified differentially expressed proteins in control and treatment groups, and the co-mapped correlation network of proteomics and metabolomics annotated five major pathways that were potentially related to disrupting the energy metabolism and oxidative stress of S. aureus. All findings contributed to providing new insight into the mechanisms of the anti-S. aureus effects of actinomycin D originating from S. parvulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengming Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
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10
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Gawałko M, Agbaedeng TA, Saljic A, Müller DN, Wilck N, Schnabel R, Penders J, Rienstra M, van Gelder I, Jespersen T, Schotten U, Crijns HJGM, Kalman JM, Sanders P, Nattel S, Dobrev D, Linz D. Gut microbiota, dysbiosis and atrial fibrillation. Arrhythmogenic mechanisms and potential clinical implications. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2415-2427. [PMID: 34550344 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical and observational cohort studies have implicated imbalances in gut microbiota composition as a contributor to atrial fibrillation (AF). The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem containing trillions of microorganisms, which produces bioactive metabolites influencing host health and disease development. In addition to host-specific determinants, lifestyle-related factors such as diet and drugs are important determinants of the gut microbiota composition. In this review, we discuss the evidence suggesting a potential bidirectional association between AF and gut microbiota, identifying gut microbiota-derived metabolites as possible regulators of the AF substrate. We summarize the effect of gut microbiota on the development and progression of AF risk-factors, including heart failure, hypertension, obesity and coronary artery disease. We also discuss the potential antiarrhythmic effects of pharmacological and diet-induced modifications of gut microbiota composition, which may modulate and prevent the progression to AF. Finally, we highlight important gaps in knowledge and areas requiring future investigation. Although data supporting a direct relationship between gut microbiota and AF are very limited at the present time, emerging preclinical and clinical research dealing with mechanistic interactions between gut microbiota and AF is important as it may lead to new insights into AF pathophysiology and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gawałko
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Agbaedeng
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Arnela Saljic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Schnabel
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri) and School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry J G M Crijns
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montréal Heart Institute and University de Montréal, Medicine and Research Centre and Department of Pharmacology McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,IHU Liryc and Fondation Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,Montréal Heart Institute and University de Montréal, Medicine and Research Centre and Department of Pharmacology McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Dominik Linz
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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11
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Jurburg SD, Bossers A. Age Matters: Community Assembly in the Pig Fecal Microbiome in the First Month of Life. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:564408. [PMID: 33790871 PMCID: PMC8006452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.564408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wealth of research into strategies for microbiome modulation, studies of microbiome management in pig hosts have found mixed results. A refined understanding of the patterns of microbiome assembly during the host’s early life, when management strategies are most commonly applied, is necessary for the development of successful management practices. Here, we study the development of the pig gut microbial community in a monitoring experiment, sampling the microbiome of pigs in a commercial farm intensively during the first month of life. We found that the community’s taxonomic richness increased linearly with host age. Furthermore, rapid changes across communities occurred in stages, and non-linear patterns in relative abundance were commonly observed among dominant taxa across host age, consistent with primary succession. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the patterns of microbiome assembly during host development, and identify successional stages as windows of opportunity for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D Jurburg
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research iDiv (Halle/Jena/Leipzig), Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alex Bossers
- Department of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Wang H, Xu R, Zhang H, Su Y, Zhu W. Swine gut microbiota and its interaction with host nutrient metabolism. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:410-420. [PMID: 33364457 PMCID: PMC7750828 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is generally recognized to play a crucial role in maintaining host health and metabolism. The correlation among gut microbiota, glycolipid metabolism, and metabolic diseases has been well reviewed in humans. However, the interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism in swine remains incompletely understood. Given the limitation in conducting human experiments and the high similarity between swine and humans in terms of anatomy, physiology, polyphagy, habits, and metabolism and in terms of the composition of gut microbiota, there is a pressing need to summarize the knowledge gained regarding swine gut microbiota, its interplay with host metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to outline the bidirectional regulation between gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in swine and to emphasize the action mechanisms underlying the complex microbiome-host crosstalk via the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. Moreover, it highlights the new advances in knowledge of the diurnal rhythmicity of gut microbiota. A better understanding of these aspects can not only shed light on healthy and efficient pork production but also promote our knowledge on the associations between gut microbiota and the microbiome-host crosstalk mechanism. More importantly, knowledge on microbiota, host health and metabolism facilitates the development of a precise intervention therapy targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - He Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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13
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Zhu Y, Shui X, Liang Z, Huang Z, Qi Y, He Y, Chen C, Luo H, Lei W. Gut microbiota metabolites as integral mediators in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:936-948. [PMID: 32705240 PMCID: PMC7388831 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and diabetic heart disease, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and may also induce multiple organ failure in their later stages, greatly reducing the long-term survival of the patients. There are several causes of CVDs, but after nearly a decade of investigation, researchers have found that CVDs are usually accompanied by an imbalance of gut microbiota and a decreased abundance of flora. More importantly, the metabolites produced by intestinal flora, such as trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and aromatic amino acids, exert different effects on the occurrence and development of CVDs, as observed in the relevant pathways in the cells, which may either promote or protect against CVD occurrence. It is known that changes in the intestinal flora following antibiotic administration, diet supplementation with probiotics, or exercise, can interfere with the composition of the intestinal flora and may represent an effective approach to preventing or treating CVDs. The focus of this review was the analysis of gut microbiota metabolites to elucidate their effects on CVDs and to identify the most cost-effective and beneficial methods for treating CVDs with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Zufeng Huang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qi
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Can Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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14
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Fecal microbiota transplantation improves metabolic syndrome parameters: systematic review with meta-analysis based on randomized clinical trials. Nutr Res 2020; 83:1-14. [PMID: 32987284 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are important health problems that can lead to significant morbidity/mortality as well as subsequent health concerns. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been implicated in both obesity and metabolic syndrome. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a new promising therapeutic approach aimed at manipulating the gut microbiota in various chronic diseases. Randomized clinical trials assessing the use of FMT in obese and metabolic syndrome patients have been reported. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis using randomized clinical trials (RCT) is to evaluate the role of FMT for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome and its impact on clinically relevant parameters. We searched the main databases, as well as the gray literature, to identify RCTs comparing FMT from lean donor(s) vs placebo for obese/metabolic syndrome patients. We included all studies that utilized any form of placebo (sham, saline, autologous FMT, or placebo capsules). Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for final analysis with a total of 154 patients. We looked for clinically significant parameters related to obesity and metabolic syndrome and organized the findings into early (2-6 weeks after intervention) and late (12 weeks after intervention) outcomes. Two to 6 weeks after intervention, mean HbA1c was lower in the FMT group (MD = -1.69 mmol/L, CI [-2.88, -0.56], P = .003) and mean HDL cholesterol was higher in the FMT group (MD = 0.09 mmol/L, CI [0.02, 0.15], P = .008). There was no difference in obesity parameters 6 to 12 weeks after intervention. No serious adverse events were reported. The findings for this meta-analysis show that FMT may have a role for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, but there is currently not enough evidence to support its use in clinical practice. High-quality well-powered RCTS with longer follow-up are necessary to clarify the role of FMT in this patient cohort.
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15
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Nowland TL, Kirkwood RN. Faecal microbiota transplantation: is it the future for pig production? MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ma20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglet mortality is a major issue for the pork industry globally and until recently, the main method for improving growth performance and reducing disease in commercial practice is centred on anti-microbial use. Antibiotic resistance is a global concern and, as such, animal production industries are seeking alternatives to antibiotics. Different approaches under investigation include but are not limited to management of the intestinal microbial environment. The gastrointestinal microbiota is involved in a myriad of processes that impact host health and well-being. Recently, interest in maintaining a healthy microbiome in order to improve herd health is increasing. In this article, we focus on faecal microbiota transplantation as a method for manipulating and improving the gastrointestinal microbiota in pigs in order to improve health and performance.
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16
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Preclinical evaluation of the maximum tolerated dose and toxicokinetics of enteric-coated lantibiotic OG253 capsules. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 374:32-40. [PMID: 31034929 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) is the leading infectious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis in the United States. Both the incidence and severity of CDAD have been increased over the past two decades. We evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicokinetics of OG253, a novel lantibiotic in development for the treatment of CDAD. OG253 was orally administered to Wistar Han rats as enteric-coated capsules in a one-day dose escalation study, followed by a seven-day repeated dose toxicokinetics study. All three doses of OG253 (6.75, 27 and 108 mg/day) were generally well-tolerated with no treatment-related clinical signs, alterations in body weight or food consumption in both one-day acute tolerability and seven-days repeated dose tolerability and toxicokinetics study. OG253 capsule administration neither significantly alter the weight of organs nor affect the hematology, coagulation, clinical biochemistry parameters and urine pH compared to placebo capsule administered rats. LC-MS/MS analysis did not detect OG253 in the plasma, indicating that OG253 is not absorbed into the blood from the rat gastrointestinal tract. Glandular atrophy of the rectal mucosa was noticed in two out of six rats administered with a high dose of OG253. Surprisingly, we found that OG253 treatment significantly lowered both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both sexes of rats. Overall, there was a 29.8 and 61.38% decrease in the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, respectively as compared to placebo-treated rats. The well-tolerated high dose of OG253 (425.7 mg/kg/day) is recommended as the MTD for safety and efficacy studies. Further preclinical study is needed to evaluate the safety profile of OG253 under longer exposure.
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