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Cordone V. Biochemical and molecular determinants of the subclinical inflammatory mechanisms in Rett syndrome. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110046. [PMID: 38815782 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
To date, Rett syndrome (RTT), a genetic disorder mainly caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, is increasingly considered a broad-spectrum pathology, instead of just a neurodevelopmental disease, due to the multitude of peripheral co-morbidities and the compromised metabolic pathways, affecting the patients. The altered molecular processes include an impaired mitochondrial function, a perturbed redox homeostasis, a chronic subclinical inflammation and an improper cholesterol metabolism. The persistent subclinical inflammatory condition was first defined ten years ago, as a previously unrecognized feature of RTT, playing a role in the pathology progress and modulation of phenotypical severity. In light of this, the present work aims at reviewing the current knowledge on the chronic inflammatory status and the altered immune/inflammatory functions in RTT, as well as investigating the emerging mechanisms underlying this condition with a special focus on the latest findings about inflammasome system, autoimmunity responses and intestinal micro- and mycobiota. On these bases, although further research is needed, future therapeutic strategies able to re-establish an adequate immune/inflammatory response could represent potential approaches for RTT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cordone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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2
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Yang J, Jiang H, Fu Q, Qin H, Li Y, Liu M. Blue light photobiomodulation induced apoptosis by increasing ROS level and regulating SOCS3 and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in osteosarcoma cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 249:112814. [PMID: 37956614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Blue light photobiomodulation (PBM) has attracted great attention in diminishing proliferation and inducing death of cancer cells recently. Osteosarcoma (OS) primarily occurring in children and adolescents, the limitations of drug resistance and limb salvage make it urgent to develop and identify new adjuvant therapeutic strategies. In this work, we attempted to research the anticancer effects and biological mechanisms of blue light PBM in human OS MG63 cells. The effects of various blue light parameters on MG63 cells indicated that suppressed cell proliferation and cell migration, induced cell apoptosis which are experimentally assessed using multiple assays including CCK, LDH, wound healing assay and Hoechst staining. Concurrently, the increases of ROS level and the inhibition of PI3K and AKT expression were identified under high-dose blue light PBM in MG63 cells. Meanwhile, SOCS3 is a major inducible anti-tumor molecule, we also found that blue light LED substantially promoted its expression. Thus, this study proposed that bule light PBM may be a hopeful therapeutic approach in OS clinical treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- School of information science and technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiqi Fu
- School of information science and technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haokuan Qin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 801th Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- School of information science and technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, 6th Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 28403, China.
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3
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Vallese A, Cordone V, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Ox-inflammasome involvement in neuroinflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:161-177. [PMID: 37442280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the onset and the progression of several neuropathologies, from neurodegenerative disorders to migraine, from Rett syndrome to post-COVID 19 neurological manifestations. Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes of the innate immune system that fuel inflammation. They have been under study for the last twenty years and more recently their involvement in neuro-related conditions has been of great interest as possible therapeutic target. The role of oxidative stress in inflammasome activation has been described, however the exact way of action of specific endogenous and exogenous oxidants needs to be better clarified. In this review, we provide the current knowledge on the involvement of inflammasome in the main neuropathologies, emphasizing the importance to further clarify the role of oxidative stress in its activation including the role of mitochondria in inflammasome-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vallese
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 28081, Kannapolis, USA; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Golubiani G, van Agen L, Tsverava L, Solomonia R, Müller M. Mitochondrial Proteome Changes in Rett Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:956. [PMID: 37508386 PMCID: PMC10376342 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder with mutations in the X-chromosomal MECP2 (methyl-CpG-binding protein 2) gene. Most patients are young girls. For 7-18 months after birth, they hardly present any symptoms; later they develop mental problems, a lack of communication, irregular sleep and breathing, motor dysfunction, hand stereotypies, and seizures. The complex pathology involves mitochondrial structure and function. Mecp2-/y hippocampal astrocytes show increased mitochondrial contents. Neurons and glia suffer from oxidative stress, a lack of ATP, and increased hypoxia vulnerability. This spectrum of changes demands comprehensive molecular studies of mitochondria to further define their pathogenic role in RTT. Therefore, we applied a comparative proteomic approach for the first time to study the entity of mitochondrial proteins in a mouse model of RTT. In the neocortex and hippocampus of symptomatic male mice, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent mass-spectrometry identified various differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins, including components of respiratory chain complexes I and III and the ATP-synthase FoF1 complex. The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, and ATP synthase subunit d are upregulated either in the hippocampus alone or both the hippocampus and neocortex of Mecp2-/y mice. Furthermore, the regulatory mitochondrial proteins mitofusin-1, HSP60, and 14-3-3 protein theta are decreased in the Mecp2-/y neocortex. The expressional changes identified provide further details of the altered mitochondrial function and morphology in RTT. They emphasize brain-region-specific alterations of the mitochondrial proteome and support the notion of a metabolic component of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gocha Golubiani
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Laura van Agen
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lia Tsverava
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Revaz Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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MeCP2 Is an Epigenetic Factor That Links DNA Methylation with Brain Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044218. [PMID: 36835623 PMCID: PMC9966807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, one of the most well-studied epigenetic modifications, is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes. Epigenetic mechanisms control cellular morphology and function. Such regulatory mechanisms involve histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, non-coding regulatory RNA molecules, and RNA modifications. One of the most well-studied epigenetic modifications is DNA methylation that plays key roles in development, health, and disease. Our brain is probably the most complex part of our body, with a high level of DNA methylation. A key protein that binds to different types of methylated DNA in the brain is the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). MeCP2 acts in a dose-dependent manner and its abnormally high or low expression level, deregulation, and/or genetic mutations lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and aberrant brain function. Recently, some of MeCP2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders have emerged as neurometabolic disorders, suggesting a role for MeCP2 in brain metabolism. Of note, MECP2 loss-of-function mutation in Rett Syndrome is reported to cause impairment of glucose and cholesterol metabolism in human patients and/or mouse models of disease. The purpose of this review is to outline the metabolic abnormalities in MeCP2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders that currently have no available cure. We aim to provide an updated overview into the role of metabolic defects associated with MeCP2-mediated cellular function for consideration of future therapeutic strategies.
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Baroncelli L, Auel S, Rinne L, Schuster AK, Brand V, Kempkes B, Dietrich K, Müller M. Oral Feeding of an Antioxidant Cocktail as a Therapeutic Strategy in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome: Merits and Limitations of Long-Term Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071406. [PMID: 35883897 PMCID: PMC9311910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that typically arises from spontaneous germline mutations in the X-chromosomal methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. For the first 6–18 months of life, the development of the mostly female patients appears normal. Subsequently, cognitive impairment, motor disturbances, hand stereotypies, epilepsy, and irregular breathing manifest, with previously learned skills being lost. Early mitochondrial impairment and a systemic oxidative burden are part of the complex pathogenesis, and contribute to disease progression. Accordingly, partial therapeutic merits of redox-stabilizing and antioxidant (AO) treatments were reported in RTT patients and Mecp2-mutant mice. Pursuing these findings, we conducted a full preclinical trial on male and female mice to define the therapeutic value of an orally administered AO cocktail composed of vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine, and α-lipoic acid. AO treatment ameliorated some of the microcephaly-related aspects. Moreover, the reduced growth, lowered blood glucose levels, and the hippocampal synaptic plasticity of Mecp2−/y mice improved. However, the first-time detected intensified oxidative DNA damage in Mecp2-mutant cortex persisted. The behavioral performance, breathing regularity, and life expectancy of Mecp2-mutant mice did not improve upon AO treatment. Long-term-treated Mecp2+/− mice eventually became obese. In conclusion, the AO cocktail ameliorated a subset of symptoms of the complex RTT-related phenotype, thereby further confirming the potential merits of AO-based pharmacotherapies. Yet, it also became evident that long-term AO treatment may lose efficacy and even aggravate the metabolic disturbances in RTT. This emphasizes the importance of a constantly well-balanced redox balance for systemic well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baroncelli
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; (L.B.); (S.A.); (L.R.); (A.-K.S.); (V.B.); (B.K.); (K.D.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, I-56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefanie Auel
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; (L.B.); (S.A.); (L.R.); (A.-K.S.); (V.B.); (B.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Lena Rinne
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; (L.B.); (S.A.); (L.R.); (A.-K.S.); (V.B.); (B.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schuster
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; (L.B.); (S.A.); (L.R.); (A.-K.S.); (V.B.); (B.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Victoria Brand
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; (L.B.); (S.A.); (L.R.); (A.-K.S.); (V.B.); (B.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Belinda Kempkes
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; (L.B.); (S.A.); (L.R.); (A.-K.S.); (V.B.); (B.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Katharina Dietrich
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; (L.B.); (S.A.); (L.R.); (A.-K.S.); (V.B.); (B.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; (L.B.); (S.A.); (L.R.); (A.-K.S.); (V.B.); (B.K.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-39-22933
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7
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Gasparotto M, Lee YS, Palazzi A, Vacca M, Filippini F. Nuclear and Cytoplasmatic Players in Mitochondria-Related CNS Disorders: Chromatin Modifications and Subcellular Trafficking. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050625. [PMID: 35625553 PMCID: PMC9138954 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial phenotypes are common to many central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Mitochondrial function and homeostasis depend on proper control of several biological processes such as chromatin remodeling and transcriptional control, post-transcriptional events, vesicle and organelle subcellular trafficking, fusion, and morphogenesis. Mutation or impaired regulation of major players that orchestrate such processes can disrupt cellular and mitochondrial dynamics, contributing to neurological disorders. The first part of this review provides an overview of a functional relationship between chromatin players and mitochondria. Specifically, we relied on specific monogenic CNS disorders which share features with mitochondrial diseases. On the other hand, subcellular trafficking is coordinated directly or indirectly through evolutionarily conserved domains and proteins that regulate the dynamics of membrane compartments and organelles, including mitochondria. Among these “building blocks”, longin domains and small GTPases are involved in autophagy and mitophagy, cell reshaping, and organelle fusion. Impairments in those processes significantly impact CNS as well and are discussed in the second part of the review. Hopefully, in filling the functional gap between the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles new routes for therapy could be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gasparotto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Yi-Shin Lee
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (Y.-S.L.); (A.P.); (M.V.)
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Building 19 (Biological Tower), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Palazzi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (Y.-S.L.); (A.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Marcella Vacca
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (Y.-S.L.); (A.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Francesco Filippini
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Radmanesh F, Razi M, Shalizar-Jalali A. Curcumin nano-micelle induced testicular toxicity in healthy rats; evidence for oxidative stress and failed homeostatic response by heat shock proteins 70-2a and 90. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111945. [PMID: 34311173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effect of curcumin nano-micelle (NCMN) on the testicular anti-oxidant status and heat shock proteins (Hsp) 70-2a and Hsp 90 expression. Therefore, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into control, 7.50 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg of NCMN-received groups. Following 48 days, the testicular total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, immunoreactivity of 8-oxodG, Hsp70-2a and Hsp90 expressions, germ cell's DNA and mRNA damages, the spermatozoa count, motility and DNA integrity were assessed. With no change in the testicular TAC level, the TOS, MDA and GSH contents were increased in the NMC-received groups. However, CAT and GPX activities were decreased. The NCMN suppressed spermatogenesis, increased immunoreactivity of 8-oxodG, stimulated the Hsp70-2a and Hsp90 expressions, and resulted in severe DNA and mRNA damages. Moreover, the NCMN-received animals exhibited remarkable reductions in the spermatozoa count, motility and DNA integrity. In conclusion, chronic and high dose consumption of NCMN initiates OS, and in response to OS, the Hsp70-2a and Hsp90 expression increases. However, considering enhanced DNA and mRNA damages and suppressed spermatogenesis, HSPs over-expression can neither boost the anti-oxidant system nor overcome the NCMN-induced OS-related damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Radmanesh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Comparative Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Comparative Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Ali Shalizar-Jalali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Comparative Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia, Iran.
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9
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Golubiani G, Lagani V, Solomonia R, Müller M. Metabolomic Fingerprint of Mecp2-Deficient Mouse Cortex: Evidence for a Pronounced Multi-Facetted Metabolic Component in Rett Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092494. [PMID: 34572143 PMCID: PMC8472238 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Using unsupervised metabolomics, we defined the complex metabolic conditions in the cortex of a mouse model of Rett syndrome (RTT). RTT, which represents a cause of mental and cognitive disabilities in females, results in profound cognitive impairment with autistic features, motor disabilities, seizures, gastrointestinal problems, and cardiorespiratory irregularities. Typical RTT originates from mutations in the X-chromosomal methyl-CpG-binding-protein-2 (Mecp2) gene, which encodes a transcriptional modulator. It then causes a deregulation of several target genes and metabolic alterations in the nervous system and peripheral organs. We identified 101 significantly deregulated metabolites in the Mecp2-deficient cortex of adult male mice; 68 were increased and 33 were decreased compared to wildtypes. Pathway analysis identified 31 mostly upregulated metabolic pathways, in particular carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, key metabolic mitochondrial/extramitochondrial pathways, and lipid metabolism. In contrast, neurotransmitter-signaling is dampened. This metabolic fingerprint of the Mecp2-deficient cortex of severely symptomatic mice provides further mechanistic insights into the complex RTT pathogenesis. The deregulated pathways that were identified—in particular the markedly affected amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism—confirm a complex and multifaceted metabolic component in RTT, which in turn signifies putative therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the deregulated key metabolites provide a choice of potential biomarkers for a more detailed rating of disease severity and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gocha Golubiani
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37130 Göttingen, Germany;
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia; (V.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia; (V.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Revaz Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia; (V.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37130 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-39-22933
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10
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Ortiz-González XR. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Common Denominator in Neurodevelopmental Disorders? Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:222-229. [PMID: 34350863 PMCID: PMC8440386 DOI: 10.1159/000517870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the organelles classically seen as the powerhouse of the cell, are increasingly associated with a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Although individually rare, a myriad of pediatric neurogenetic disorders have been identified in the last few years, thanks to advances in clinical genetic sequencing and data analysis. As this exponential growth continues, mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly implicated in childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, with clinical presentations ranging from syndromic autism, intellectual disability, and epileptic encephalopathies to childhood onset neurodegeneration. Here we review recent evidence demonstrating mitochondrial involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders, identify emerging mechanistic trends, and reconsider the long-standing question of the role of mitochondria in light of new evidence: causation versus mere association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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A O, U M, Lf B, A GC. Energy metabolism in childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103474. [PMID: 34256347 PMCID: PMC8324816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas energy function in the aging brain and their related neurodegenerative diseases has been explored in some detail, there is limited knowledge about molecular mechanisms and brain networks of energy metabolism during infancy and childhood. In this review we describe current insights on physiological brain energetics at prenatal and neonatal stages, and in childhood. We then describe the main groups of inborn errors of energy metabolism affecting the brain. Of note, scarce basic neuroscience research in this field limits the opportunity for these disorders to provide paradigms of energy utilization during neurodevelopment. Finally, we report energy metabolism disturbances in well-known non-metabolic neurodevelopmental disorders. As energy metabolism is a fundamental biological function, brain energy utilization is likely altered in most neuropediatric diseases. Precise knowledge on mechanisms of brain energy disturbance will open the possibility of metabolic modulation therapies regardless of disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyarzábal A
- Neurometabolic Unit and Laboratory of Synaptic Metabolism. IPR, CIBERER (ISCIII) and MetabERN, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Musokhranova U
- Neurometabolic Unit and Laboratory of Synaptic Metabolism. IPR, CIBERER (ISCIII) and MetabERN, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barros Lf
- Center for Scientific Studies - CECs, Valdivia 5110466, Chile
| | - García-Cazorla A
- Neurometabolic Unit and Laboratory of Synaptic Metabolism. IPR, CIBERER (ISCIII) and MetabERN, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Santos-Terra J, Deckmann I, Fontes-Dutra M, Schwingel GB, Bambini-Junior V, Gottfried C. Transcription factors in neurodevelopmental and associated psychiatric disorders: A potential convergence for genetic and environmental risk factors. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:545-578. [PMID: 34240460 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a heterogeneous and highly prevalent group of psychiatric conditions marked by impairments in the nervous system. Their onset occurs during gestation, and the alterations are observed throughout the postnatal life. Although many genetic and environmental risk factors have been described in this context, the interactions between them challenge the understanding of the pathways associated with NDDs. Transcription factors (TFs)-a group of over 1,600 proteins that can interact with DNA, regulating gene expression through modulation of RNA synthesis-represent a point of convergence for different risk factors. In addition, TFs organize critical processes like angiogenesis, blood-brain barrier formation, myelination, neuronal migration, immune activation, and many others in a time and location-dependent way. In this review, we summarize important TF alterations in NDD and associated disorders, along with specific impairments observed in animal models, and, finally, establish hypotheses to explain how these proteins may be critical mediators in the context of genome-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Santos-Terra
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Preston, UK
| | - Iohanna Deckmann
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Preston, UK
| | - Mellanie Fontes-Dutra
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Preston, UK
| | - Gustavo Brum Schwingel
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Preston, UK
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Preston, UK.,School of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Preston, UK
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13
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Li N, Zhang T, He M, Mu Y. MeCP2 attenuates cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reperfusion-induced injury via regulation of the SFRP4/Wnt/β-catenin axis. Biomarkers 2021; 26:363-370. [PMID: 33726573 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1903999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Methylated CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is closely associated with heart failure, but its role in I/R injury remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and underling mechanism of MeCP2 in myocardial I/R injury.Methods: Hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes was used to establish an in vitro I/R injury model. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Cell viability and cell cycle arrest were evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and cell cycle assay, respectively. Apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry analysis.Results: The expression of MeCP2 in H9c2 cells was decreased after H/R treatment. The overexpression of MeCP2 inhibited H/R-induced oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Moreover, MeCP2 inhibited the activation of secreted frizzled related protein 4 (SFRP4)/Wnt/β-catenin axis, and SFRP4 relieved the effect of MeCP2 on oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in H/R-induced H9c2 cells.Conclusions: MeCP2 attenuated H/R-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating the SFRP4/Wnt/β-catenin axis, which suggested that MeCP2 might serve as a therapeutic target of patients with AMI after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying He
- Department of Center sterile supply, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yudong Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Rett Syndrome: A Timely Review From Recognition to Current Clinical Approaches and Clinical Study Updates. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2021; 37:100881. [PMID: 33892852 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2021.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the genetic basis of Rett syndrome in 1999, our understanding has grown considerably both in the scientific and the clinical realms. In the last two decades, we have learned about the far-reaching effects of the aberrant MeCP2 protein, the growing list of involved genetic factors, and the genotype-phenotype clinical expression of common MECP2 mutations. This knowledge has led to several basic science research and clinical trials, focusing specifically on emerging treatments of Rett syndrome. As the pathophysiology behind the disease is better understood, treatments aimed at specific molecular targets will become available for clinicians to improve the life of individuals with Rett syndrome.
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15
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Napoletani G, Vigli D, Cosentino L, Grieco M, Talamo MC, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Laviola G, Fuso A, d'Erme M, De Filippis B. Stimulation of the Serotonin Receptor 7 Restores Brain Histone H3 Acetylation and MeCP2 Corepressor Protein Levels in a Female Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:265-273. [PMID: 33598674 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, characterized by severe behavioral and physiological impairments for which no cure is available. The stimulation of serotonin receptor 7 (5-HT7R) with its selective agonist LP-211 (0.25 mg/kg/day for 7 days) was proved to rescue neurobehavioral alterations in a mouse model of RTT. In the present study, we aimed at gaining insight into the mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of 5-HT7R pharmacological stimulation by investigating its epigenetic outcomes in the brain of RTT female mice bearing a truncating MeCP2 mutation. Treatment with LP-211 normalized the reduced histone H3 acetylation and HDAC3/NCoR levels, and increased HDAC1/Sin3a expression in RTT mouse cortex. Repeated 5-HT7R stimulation also appeared to strengthen the association between NCoR and MeCP2 in the same brain region. A different profile was found in RTT hippocampus, where LP-211 rescued H3 hyperacetylation and increased HDAC3 levels. Overall, the present data highlight a new scenario on the relationship between histone acetylation and serotoninergic pathways. 5-HT7R is confirmed as a pivotal therapeutic target for the recovery of neuronal function supporting the translational value of this promising pharmacological approach for RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Napoletani
- From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigli
- From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy.,Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Livia Cosentino
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Maddalena Grieco
- From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Talamo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Laviola
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria d'Erme
- From the Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Bianca De Filippis
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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16
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Abnormalities of synaptic mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder and related neurodevelopmental disorders. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 99:161-178. [PMID: 33340060 PMCID: PMC7819932 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition primarily characterized by an impairment of social interaction combined with the occurrence of repetitive behaviors. ASD starts in childhood and prevails across the lifespan. The variability of its clinical presentation renders early diagnosis difficult. Mutations in synaptic genes and alterations of mitochondrial functions are considered important underlying pathogenic factors, but it is obvious that we are far from a comprehensive understanding of ASD pathophysiology. At the synapse, mitochondria perform diverse functions, which are clearly not limited to their classical role as energy providers. Here, we review the current knowledge about mitochondria at the synapse and summarize the mitochondrial disturbances found in mouse models of ASD and other ASD-related neurodevelopmental disorders, like DiGeorge syndrome, Rett syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis complex, and Down syndrome.
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17
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Adebayo OL, Dewenter I, Rinne L, Golubiani G, Solomonia R, Müller M. Intensified mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release occurs in all brain regions, affects male as well as female Rett mice, and constitutes a life-long burden. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108666. [PMID: 33160914 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT) affects mostly females. Upon an apparently normal initial development, cognitive impairment, irregular breathing, motor dysfunction, and epilepsy occur. The complex pathogenesis includes, among others, mitochondrial impairment, redox imbalance, and oxidative damage. As these arise already in neonatal Rett mice, they were proposed contributors of disease progression. Several mitochondrial studies in RTT used either full brains or selected brain regions only. Here, we mapped mitochondria-related ROS generation brain wide. Using sophisticated multi-sample spectrofluorimetry, H2O2 release by isolated mitochondria was quantified in a coupled reaction of Amplex UltraRed and horseradish peroxidase. All brain regions and the entire lifespan were characterized in male and female mice. In WT mice, mitochondrial H2O2 release was usually highest in cortex and lowest in hippocampus. Maximum rates occurred at postnatal day (PD) 10 and they slightly declined with further maturation. Already at PD 10, male and female Rett mice showed exaggerated mitochondrial H2O2 releases in first brain regions and persistent brain-wide increases from PD 50 on. Interestingly, female Rett mice were more intensely affected than male Rett mice, with their brainstem, midbrain and hippocampus being most severely struck. In conclusion, we used a reliable multi-sample cuvette-based assay on mitochondrial ROS release to perform brain-wide analyzes along the entire lifespan. Mitochondrial H2O2 release in Rett mice is intensified in all brain regions, affects hemizygous males and heterozygous females, and involves all maturational stages. Therefore, intensified mitochondrial H2O2 release seriously needs to be considered throughout RTT pathogenesis and may constitute a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun L Adebayo
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ina Dewenter
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Germany
| | - Lena Rinne
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Germany
| | - Gocha Golubiani
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Germany; Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Revaz Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michael Müller
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Germany.
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18
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Overshooting Subcellular Redox-Responses in Rett-Mouse Hippocampus during Neurotransmitter Stimulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122539. [PMID: 33255426 PMCID: PMC7760232 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with disturbed neuronal responsiveness and impaired neuronal network function. Furthermore, mitochondrial alterations and a weakened cellular redox-homeostasis are considered part of the complex pathogenesis. So far, overshooting redox-responses of MeCP2-deficient neurons were observed during oxidant-mediated stress, hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibition. To further clarify the relevance of the fragile redox-balance for the neuronal (dys)function in RTT, we addressed more physiological stimuli and quantified the subcellular redox responses to neurotransmitter-stimulation. The roGFP redox sensor was expressed in either the cytosol or the mitochondrial matrix of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons, and the responses to transient stimulation by glutamate, serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine were characterized. Each neurotransmitter evoked more intense oxidizing responses in the cytosol of MeCP2-deficient than in wildtype neurons. In the mitochondrial matrix the neurotransmitter-evoked oxidizing changes were more moderate and more uniform among genotypes. This identifies the cytosol as an important reactive oxygen species (ROS) source and as less stably redox buffered. Fura-2 imaging and extracellular Ca2+ withdrawal confirmed cytosolic Ca2+ transients as a contributing factor of neurotransmitter-induced redox responses and their potentiation in the cytosol of MeCP2-deficient neurons. Chemical uncoupling demonstrated the involvement of mitochondria. Nevertheless, cytosolic NADPH- and xanthine oxidases interact to play the leading role in the neurotransmitter-mediated oxidizing responses. As exaggerated redox-responses were already evident in neonatal MeCP2-deficient neurons, they may contribute remarkably to the altered neuronal network performance and the disturbed neuronal signaling, which are among the hallmarks of RTT.
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19
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Kostyuk AI, Panova AS, Kokova AD, Kotova DA, Maltsev DI, Podgorny OV, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. In Vivo Imaging with Genetically Encoded Redox Biosensors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8164. [PMID: 33142884 PMCID: PMC7662651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox reactions are of high fundamental and practical interest since they are involved in both normal physiology and the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, this area of research has always been a relatively problematic field in the context of analytical approaches, mostly because of the unstable nature of the compounds that are measured. Genetically encoded sensors allow for the registration of highly reactive molecules in real-time mode and, therefore, they began a new era in redox biology. Their strongest points manifest most brightly in in vivo experiments and pave the way for the non-invasive investigation of biochemical pathways that proceed in organisms from different systematic groups. In the first part of the review, we briefly describe the redox sensors that were used in vivo as well as summarize the model systems to which they were applied. Next, we thoroughly discuss the biological results obtained in these studies in regard to animals, plants, as well as unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes. We hope that this work reflects the amazing power of this technology and can serve as a useful guide for biologists and chemists who work in the field of redox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S. Panova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra D. Kokova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Kotova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I. Maltsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V. Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dmitry S. Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.S.P.); (A.D.K.); (D.A.K.); (D.I.M.); (O.V.P.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Cicaloni V, Pecorelli A, Tinti L, Rossi M, Benedusi M, Cervellati C, Spiga O, Santucci A, Hayek J, Salvini L, Tinti C, Valacchi G. Proteomic profiling reveals mitochondrial alterations in Rett syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 155:37-48. [PMID: 32445864 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder associated with mutation in MECP2 gene. Despite a well-defined genetic cause, there is a growing consensus that a metabolic component could play a pivotal role in RTT pathophysiology. Indeed, perturbed redox homeostasis and inflammation, i.e. oxinflammation, with mitochondria dysfunction as the central hub between the two phenomena, appear as possible key contributing factors to RTT pathogenesis and its clinical features. While these RTT-related changes have been widely documented by transcriptomic profiling, proteomics studies supporting these evidences are still limited. Here, using primary dermal fibroblasts from control and patients, we perform a large-scale proteomic analysis that, together with data mining approaches, allow us to carry out the first comprehensive characterization of RTT cellular proteome, showing mainly changes in expression of proteins involved in the mitochondrial network. These findings parallel with an altered expression of key mediators of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy associated with abnormal mitochondrial morphology. In conclusion, our proteomic analysis confirms the pathological relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction in RTT pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cicaloni
- Toscana Life Science Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Laura Tinti
- Toscana Life Science Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Toscana Life Science Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology and Experimental Medicine University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Via Aldo Moro 2, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Via Aldo Moro 2, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University General Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Salvini
- Toscana Life Science Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Tinti
- Toscana Life Science Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Dept., NC Research Campus, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA; Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Kyung Hee University, Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul, South Korea.
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21
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Kostyuk AI, Kokova AD, Podgorny OV, Kelmanson IV, Fetisova ES, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. Genetically Encoded Tools for Research of Cell Signaling and Metabolism under Brain Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E516. [PMID: 32545356 PMCID: PMC7346190 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized by low oxygen content in the tissues. The central nervous system (CNS) is highly vulnerable to a lack of oxygen. Prolonged hypoxia leads to the death of brain cells, which underlies the development of many pathological conditions. Despite the relevance of the topic, different approaches used to study the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia have many limitations. One promising lead is the use of various genetically encoded tools that allow for the observation of intracellular parameters in living systems. In the first part of this review, we provide the classification of oxygen/hypoxia reporters as well as describe other genetically encoded reporters for various metabolic and redox parameters that could be implemented in hypoxia studies. In the second part, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the primary hypoxia model systems and highlight inspiring examples of research in which these experimental settings were combined with genetically encoded reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra D. Kokova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kelmanson
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Fetisova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V. Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Bin-Jumah M, Al-Abdan M, Albasher G, Alarifi S. Effects of Green Silver Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Normal and Cancerous Human Hepatic Cells in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1537-1548. [PMID: 32210550 PMCID: PMC7074819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive use of metallic nanomaterials in different areas of agriculture and commercial products induce significant harmful effects on human health and the environment. In the current study, we synthesized an eco-friendly approach silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using root extracts of Beta vulgaris L. Methods The synthesized green silver nanoparticles (gAgNPs) were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The gAgNPs had a round shape and the mean size was 20−50 nm. The cytotoxic effects of gAgNPs were determined in human hepatic normal (CHANG) and cancer (HUH-7) cells by using tetrazolium salt (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays for 24 h. Results and Discussion It was clear from the observations of this experiment that higher concentrations of gAgNPs reduce cell viability. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by using DCFDA. The gAgNPs induced more ROS in the HuH-7 cells than in the CHANG cells. The fragmentation of DNA was evaluated by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis and the maximum DNA strand breakage was found at a higher concentration exposure of gAgNPs for 24 h. It is important to notice that the HuH-7 cells showed an increased sensitivity to gAgNPs than the CHANG cells. The apoptotic and necrotic effects of gAgNPs on both the cells were evaluated using annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. An increased count of apoptotic and necrotic cells was found following a higher concentration exposure of gAgNPs. The apoptotic protein expression in these cells due to gAgNPs exposure was determined using immunoblotting techniques and the level of Bcl2 was decreased. However, the expression of BAX and protein was increased in both cells. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that higher concentrations of gAgNPs may induce significant cytotoxicity and cause DNA damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monera Al-Abdan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ma WX, Li CY, Tao R, Wang XP, Yan LJ. Reductive Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5136957. [PMID: 32566086 PMCID: PMC7277050 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5136957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review was to summarize reported studies focusing on cellular reductive stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, dithiothreitol- (DTT-) induced reductive stress, and reductive stress-related free radical reactions published in the past five years. Reductive stress is considered to be a double-edged sword in terms of antioxidation and disease induction. As many underlying mechanisms are still unclear, further investigations are obviously warranted. Nonetheless, reductive stress is thought to be caused by elevated levels of cellular reducing power such as NADH, glutathione, and NADPH; and this area of research has attracted increasing attention lately. Albeit, we think there is a need to conduct further studies in identifying more indicators of the risk assessment and prevention of developing heart damage as well as exploring more targets for cardiomyopathy treatment. Hence, it is expected that further investigation of underlying mechanisms of reductive stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction will provide novel insights into therapeutic approaches for ameliorating reductive stress-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xing Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 266034 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
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