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Camerino C. The Pivotal Role of Oxytocin's Mechanism of Thermoregulation in Prader-Willi Syndrome, Schaaf-Yang Syndrome, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2066. [PMID: 38396741 PMCID: PMC10888953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt) regulates thermogenesis, and altered thermoregulation results in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS), and Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PWS is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of the paternal allele of 15q11-q13, the maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15, or defects in the imprinting center of chromosome 15. PWS is characterized by hyperphagia, obesity, low skeletal muscle tone, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Oxt also increases muscle tonicity and decreases proteolysis while PWS infants are hypotonic and require assisted feeding in early infancy. This evidence inspired us to merge the results of almost 20 years of studies and formulate a new hypothesis according to which the disruption of Oxt's mechanism of thermoregulation manifests in PWS, SYS, and ASD through thermosensory abnormalities and skeletal muscle tone. This review will integrate the current literature with new updates on PWS, SYS, and ASD and the recent discoveries on Oxt's regulation of thermogenesis to advance the knowledge on these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Camerino
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Shao M, Wang Q, Lv Q, Zhang Y, Gao G, Lu S. Advances in the research on myokine-driven regulation of bone metabolism. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22547. [PMID: 38226270 PMCID: PMC10788812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional view posits that bones and muscles interact primarily through mechanical coupling. However, recent studies have revealed that myokines, proteins secreted by skeletal muscle cells, play a crucial role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Myokines are widely involved in bone metabolism, influencing bone resorption and formation by interacting with factors related to bone cell secretion or influencing bone metabolic pathways. Here, we review the research progress on the myokine regulation of bone metabolism, discuss the mechanism of myokine regulation of bone metabolism, explore the pathophysiological relationship between sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and provide future perspectives on myokine research, with the aim of identify potential specific diagnostic markers and therapeutic entry points.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingHong Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - QiYang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - QiuNan Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - YuQiong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - GuoXi Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics of Yunnan Provincial, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Santos TDO, Cruz-Filho JD, Costa DM, Silva RPD, Anjos-Santos HCD, Santos JRD, Reis LC, Kettelhut ÍDC, Navegantes LC, Camargo EA, Lauton-Santos S, Badauê-Passos D, Mecawi ADS, Lustrino D. Non-canonical Ca 2+- Akt signaling pathway mediates the antiproteolytic effects induced by oxytocin receptor stimulation in skeletal muscle. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115850. [PMID: 37832795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been previously demonstrated that oxytocin (OXT) receptor stimulation can control skeletal muscle mass in vivo, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate this effect are still poorly understood. Thus, rat oxidative skeletal muscles were isolated and incubated with OXT or WAY-267,464, a non-peptide selective OXT receptor (OXTR) agonist, in the presence or absence of atosiban (ATB), an OXTR antagonist, and overall proteolysis was evaluated. The results indicated that both OXT and WAY-267,464 suppressed muscle proteolysis, and this effect was blocked by the addition of ATB. Furthermore, the WAY-induced anti-catabolic action on protein metabolism did not involve the coupling between OXTR and Gαi since it was insensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX). The decrease in overall proteolysis induced by WAY was probably due to the inhibition of the autophagic/lysosomal system, as estimated by the decrease in LC3 (an autophagic/lysosomal marker), and was accompanied by an increase in the content of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PKC)-phosphorylated substrates, pSer473-Akt, and pSer256-FoxO1. Most of these effects were blocked by the inhibition of inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3R), which mediate Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm, and triciribine, an Akt inhibitor. Taken together, these findings indicate that the stimulation of OXTR directly induces skeletal muscle protein-sparing effects through a Gαq/IP3R/Ca2+-dependent pathway and crosstalk with Akt/FoxO1 signaling, which consequently decreases the expression of genes related to atrophy, such as LC3, as well as muscle proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Basic and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (LANBAC), Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - João da Cruz-Filho
- Laboratory of Basic and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (LANBAC), Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Daniely Messias Costa
- Laboratory of Basic and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (LANBAC), Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Raquel Prado da Silva
- Laboratory of Basic and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (LANBAC), Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Hevely Catharine Dos Anjos-Santos
- Laboratory of Basic and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (LANBAC), Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Reis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ísis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Navegantes
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Enilton Aparecido Camargo
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lauton-Santos
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Badauê-Passos
- Laboratory of Basic and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (LANBAC), Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - André de Souza Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, São Paulo Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lustrino
- Laboratory of Basic and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (LANBAC), Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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Kamrani-Sharif R, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Allahverdikhani M, Motaghinejad M, Emanuele E. Oxytocin as neuro-hormone and neuro-regulator exert neuroprotective properties: A mechanistic graphical review. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102352. [PMID: 37354708 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration is progressive cell loss in specific neuronal populations, often resulting in clinical consequences with significant medical, societal, and economic implications. Because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, oxytocin has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective and neurobehavioral therapeutic agent, including modulating mood disturbances and cognitive enchantment. METHODS Literature searches were conducted using the following databases Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, and Cochrane from January 2000 to February 2023 for articles dealing with oxytocin neuroprotective properties in preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders and diseases with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/cell death. RESULTS The neuroprotective effects of oxytocin appears to be mediated by its anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of neuro inflammation, activation of several antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of oxidative stress and free radical formation, activation of free radical scavengers, prevent of mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Oxytocin acts as a neuroprotective agent by preventing neuro-apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, and neuronal oxidative stress, and by restoring mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kamrani-Sharif
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Allahverdikhani
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Camerino C. Oxytocin's Regulation of Thermogenesis May Be the Link to Prader-Willi Syndrome. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4923-4935. [PMID: 37367062 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that is caused by either the deletion of the paternal allele of 15q11-q13, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 or defects in the chromosome 15 imprinting centre and is characterized by cognitive impairment, hyperphagia and low metabolic rate with significant risk of obesity, as well as a variety of other maladaptive behaviours and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Many of the features seen in PWS are thought to be due to hypothalamic dysfunction resulting in hormonal abnormalities and impaired social functioning. The preponderance of evidence indicates that the Oxytocin system is dysregulated in PWS individuals and that this neuropeptide pathways may provide promising targets for therapeutic intervention although the process by which this dysregulation occurs in PWS awaits mechanistic investigation. PWS individuals present abnormalities in thermoregulation an impaired detection for temperature change and altered perception of pain indicating an altered autonomic nervous system. Recent studies indicate that Oxytocin is involved in thermoregulation and pain perception. This review will describe the update on PWS and the recent discoveries on Oxytocin regulation of thermogenesis together with the potential link between Oxytocin regulation of thermogenesis and PWS to create a new groundwork for the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Camerino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Feixiang L, Yanchen F, Xiang L, Yunke Z, Jinxin M, Jianru W, Zixuan L. The mechanism of oxytocin and its receptors in regulating cells in bone metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1171732. [PMID: 37229246 PMCID: PMC10203168 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1171732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide known to affect social behavior and cognition. The epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) via DNA methylation stimulates parturition and breast milk secretion and inhibits craniopharyngioma, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer growth significantly as well as directly regulates bone metabolism in their peripheral form rather than the central form. OT and OTR can be expressed on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts (OB), osteoclasts (OC), osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. OB can synthesize OT under the stimulation of estrogen as a paracrine-autocrine regulator for bone formation. OT/OTR, estrogen, and OB form a feed-forward loop through estrogen mediation. The osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OPG)/receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway is crucially required for OT and OTR to exert anti-osteoporosis effect. Downregulating the expression of bone resorption markers and upregulating the expression of the bone morphogenetic protein, OT could increase BMSC activity and promote OB differentiation instead of adipocytes. It could also stimulate the mineralization of OB by motivating OTR translocation into the OB nucleus. Moreover, by inducing intracytoplasmic Ca2+ release and nitric oxide synthesis, OT could regulate the OPG/RANKL ratio in OB and exert a bidirectional regulatory effect on OC. Furthermore, OT could increase the activity of osteocytes and chondrocytes, which helps increase bone mass and improve bone microstructure. This paper reviews recent studies on the role of OT and OTR in regulating cells in bone metabolism as a reference for their clinical use and research based on their reliable anti-osteoporosis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Feixiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Yanchen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yunke
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miao Jinxin
- Research and Experiment Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wang Jianru
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Zixuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Multiparity and Aging Impact Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Potential at Symphyseal Enthesis: New Insights into Interpubic Joint Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054573. [PMID: 36902004 PMCID: PMC10003663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and childbirth cause adaptations to the birth canal to allow for delivery and fast recovery. To accommodate delivery through the birth canal, the pubic symphysis undergoes changes that lead to the interpubic ligament (IpL) and enthesis formation in primiparous mice. However, successive deliveries influence joint recovery. We aimed to understand tissue morphology and chondrogenic and osteogenic potential at symphyseal enthesis during pregnancy and postpartum in primiparous and multiparous senescent female mice. Morphological and molecular differences were found at the symphyseal enthesis among the study groups. Despite the apparent incapacity to restore cartilage in multiparous senescent animals, the symphyseal enthesis cells are active. However, these cells have reduced expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic markers and are immersed in densely packed collagen fibers contiguous to the persistent IpL. These findings may indicate alterations of key molecules in the progenitor cell population maintenance of the chondrocytic and osteogenic lineages at the symphyseal enthesis in multiparous senescent animals, possibly compromising the mouse joint histoarchitecture recovery. This sheds light on the distention of the birth canal and the pelvic floor that may play a role in pubic symphysis diastasis (PSD) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP), both in orthopedic and urogynecological practice in women.
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Camerino C. The Long Way of Oxytocin from the Uterus to the Heart in 70 Years from Its Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032556. [PMID: 36768879 PMCID: PMC9916674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The research program on oxytocin started in 1895, when Oliver and Schafer reported that a substance extracted from the pituitary gland elevates blood pressure when injected intravenously into dogs. Dale later reported that a neurohypophysial substance triggers uterine contraction, lactation, and antidiuresis. Purification of this pituitary gland extracts revealed that the vasopressor and antidiuretic activity could be attributed to vasopressin, while uterotonic and lactation activity could be attributed to oxytocin. In 1950, the amino-acid sequences of vasopressin and oxytocin were determined and chemically synthesized. Vasopressin (CYFQNCPRG-NH2) and oxytocin (CYIQNCPLG-NH2) differ by two amino acids and have a disulfide bridge between the cysteine residues at position one and six conserved in all vasopressin/oxytocin-type peptides. This characterization of oxytocin led to the Nobel Prize awarded in 1955 to Vincent du Vigneaud. Nevertheless, it was only 50 years later when the evidence that mice depleted of oxytocin or its receptor develop late-onset obesity and metabolic syndrome established that oxytocin regulates energy and metabolism. Oxytocin is anorexigenic and regulates the lean/fat mass composition in skeletal muscle. Oxytocin's effect on muscle is mediated by thermogenesis via a pathway initiated in the myocardium. Oxytocin involvement in thermogenesis and muscle contraction is linked to Prader-Willi syndrome in humans, opening exciting therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Camerino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, P.za G. Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Motaghinejad M, Gholami M, Emanuele E. Constant romantic feelings and experiences can protect against neurodegeneration: Potential role of oxytocin-induced nerve growth factor/protein kinase B/Cyclic response element-binding protein and nerve growth factor/protein kinase B/Phospholipase C-Gamma signaling pathways. BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL (BBRJ) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_28_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Aktitiz S, Atakan MM, Turnagöl HH, Koşar ŞN. Interleukin-6, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to single and repeated sessions of high-intensity interval exercise. Peptides 2022; 157:170864. [PMID: 36028073 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a single session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with 2 consecutive HIIEs, separated by 3 h of recovery, on plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) responses. METHODS Twenty male recreational endurance athletes completed two HIIE trials in a randomized crossover design: a single session of HIIE on the single exercise day (HIIE-S) and two sessions of HIIE 3 h apart on the double exercise day (HIIE-D). The HIIE protocol consisted of 10 × 1 min cycling at 100 % of peak oxygen uptake, with 75 s of low-intensity cycling at 60 W. Blood samples were collected to analyze IL-6, ucOC, and BDNF levels before and immediately after HIIE on the HIIE-S and before and immediately after the second HIIE on the HIIE-D. RESULTS Both HIIE interventions significantly increased (p < 0.001) plasma IL-6 (HIIE-S 33.90 % vs HIIE-D 31.04 %; p = 0.64), ucOC (HIIE-S 37.18 % vs HIIE-D 39.54 %; p = 0.85), and BDNF levels (HIIE-S 236.01 % vs HIIE-D 216.68 %; p = 0.69), with no group effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that performing two consecutive HIIEs on the same day with a 3-h rest results in similar changes in plasma levels of IL-6, BDNF, and ucOC compared with a single session of HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Aktitiz
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin H Turnagöl
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Şükran N Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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Momenabadi S, Vafaei AA, Zahedi Khorasani M, Vakili A. Pre-Ischemic Oxytocin Treatment Alleviated Neuronal Injury via Suppressing NF-κB, MMP-9, and Apoptosis Regulator Proteins in A Mice Model of Stroke. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:337-345. [PMID: 35892233 PMCID: PMC9315214 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.7884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the effects of pre-ischemic administration of oxytocin (OXT) on neuronal injury and possible molecular mechanisms in a mice model of stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, stroke was induced in the mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 minutes and 24 hours of reperfusion. OXT was given as intranasal daily for 7 consecutive days before ischemic stroke. Neuronal damage, spatial memory, and the expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and apoptosis were assessed 24 hours after stroke. RESULTS Pre-ischemic treatment with OXT significantly reduced the infarct size (P<0.01); but did not recover the neurological and spatial memory dysfunction (P>0.05). Moreover, OXT treatment considerably decreased the expressions of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-9 (P<0.001) and enhanced the level of BDNF protein. OXT treatment also significantly downregulated Bax expression and overexpressed Bcl-2 proteins. CONCLUSION The finding of this study indicated that administration of OXT before ischemia could limit brain injury by inhibiting MMP-9 expression, apoptosis, inflammatory signaling pathways, and an increase in the BDNF protein level. We suggested that OXT may be potentially useful in the prevention and/or reducing the risk of the cerebral stroke attack, and could be offered as a new prevention option in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahein Momenabadi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zahedi Khorasani
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abedin Vakili
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,P.O.Box: 3513138111Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
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Mancinelli R, Checcaglini F, Coscia F, Gigliotti P, Fulle S, Fanò-Illic G. Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8520. [PMID: 34445222 PMCID: PMC8395159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, clear evidence has emerged that the cellular components of skeletal muscle are important sites for the release of proteins and peptides called "myokines", suggesting that skeletal muscle plays the role of a secretory organ. After their secretion by muscles, these factors serve many biological functions, including the exertion of complex autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects. In sum, myokines affect complex multi-organ processes, such as skeletal muscle trophism, metabolism, angiogenesis and immunological response to different physiological (physical activity, aging, etc.) or pathological states (cachexia, dysmetabolic conditions, chronic inflammation, etc.). The aim of this review is to describe in detail a number of myokines that are, to varying degrees, involved in skeletal muscle aging processes and belong to the group of proteins present in the functional environment surrounding the muscle cell known as the "Niche". The particular myokines described are those that, acting both from within the cell and in an autocrine manner, have a defined relationship with the modulation of oxidative stress in muscle cells (mature or stem) involved in the regulatory (metabolic or regenerative) processes of muscle aging. Myostatin, IGF-1, NGF, S100 and irisin are examples of specific myokines that have peculiar features in their mechanisms of action. In particular, the potential role of one of the most recently characterized myokines-irisin, directly linked to an active lifestyle-in reducing if not reversing senescence-induced oxidative damage is discussed in terms of its possible application as an agent able to counteract the deleterious effects of muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Franco Checcaglini
- Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Coscia
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Sport Physiology, University of Perugia, 39038 San Candido-Innichen, Italy; (F.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gigliotti
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Sport Physiology, University of Perugia, 39038 San Candido-Innichen, Italy; (F.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fanò-Illic
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, 35100 Padova, Italy
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Camerino C. Oxytocin Involvement in Body Composition Unveils the True Identity of Oxytocin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126383. [PMID: 34203705 PMCID: PMC8232088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of the Oxytocin/Vasopressin system dates back about 600 million years. Oxytocin (Oxt) together with Vasopressin (VP) regulate a diversity of physiological functions that are important for osmoregulation, reproduction, metabolism, and social behavior. Oxt/VP-like peptides have been identified in several invertebrate species and they are functionally related across the entire animal kingdom. Functional conservation enables future exploitation of invertebrate models to study Oxt’s functions not related to pregnancy and the basic mechanisms of central Oxt/VP signaling. Specifically, Oxt is well known for its effects on uteri contractility and milk ejection as well as on metabolism and energy homeostasis. Moreover, the striking evidence that Oxt is linked to energy regulation is that Oxt- and Oxytocin receptor (Oxtr)-deficient mice show late onset obesity. Interestingly Oxt−/− or Oxtr−/− mice develop weight gain without increasing food intake, suggesting that a lack of Oxt reduce metabolic rate. Oxt is expressed in a diversity of skeletal muscle phenotypes and regulates thermogenesis and bone mass. Oxt may increases skeletal muscle tonicity and/or increases body temperature. In this review, the author compared the three most recent theories on the effects of Oxt on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Camerino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (Section of Pharmacology), School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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The New Frontier in Oxytocin Physiology: The Oxytonic Contraction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145144. [PMID: 32708109 PMCID: PMC7404128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt) is a nine amino acid peptide important in energy regulation and is essential to stress-related disorders. Specifically, low Oxt levels are associated with obesity in human subjects and diet-induced or genetically modified animal models. The striking evidence that Oxt is linked to energy regulation is that Oxt- and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr)-deficient mice show a phenotype characterized by late onset obesity. Oxt-/- or Oxtr-/- develop weight gain without increasing food intake, suggesting that a lack of Oxt reduce metabolic rate. Oxt is differentially expressed in skeletal muscle exerting a protective effect toward the slow-twitch muscle after cold stress challenge in mice. We hypothesized that Oxt potentiates the slow-twitch muscle as it does with the uterus, triggering "the oxytonic contractions". Physiologically, this is important to augment muscle strength in fight/flight response and is consistent with the augmented energetic need at time of labor and for the protection of the offspring when Oxt secretion spikes. The normophagic obesity of Oxt-/- or Oxtr-/- mice could have been caused by decreased skeletal muscle tonicity which drove the metabolic phenotype. In this review, we summarized our findings together with the recent literature on this fascinating subjects in a "new oxytonic perspective" over the physicology of Oxt.
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