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Wang Q, Yang L, Tian T, Sun Y, Dong H, Gong J, Hou Y. Proteomic Analysis of the Midgut Contents of Silkworm in the Pupal Stage. INSECTS 2023; 14:953. [PMID: 38132625 PMCID: PMC10743435 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori, a lepidopteran insect, possesses an 8-10-day pupal stage, during which significant changes occur in the midgut, where it first condenses into the yellow body, and then undergoes decomposition. To gain insights into this transformation process, proteomics was performed on Bombyx mori midgut contents on day 2 and day 7 after pupation. The results revealed the identification of 771 proteins with more than one unique peptide. An analysis using AgriGO demonstrated that these proteins were predominantly associated with catalytic activity. Among the identified proteins, a considerable number were found to be involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleic acid degradation, and energy support. Additionally, variations in the levels of certain proteases were observed between the midgut contents on day 2 and day 7 after pupation. An in-depth analysis of the two-dimensional electrophoresis of the midgut contents on day 7 after pupation led to the identification of twelve protein spots with potential gelatinolytic activity. Among these, six proteases were identified through mass spectrometry, including the p37k protease, vitellin-degrading protease, chymotrypsin-2, etc. These proteases may be responsible for the digestion of the yellow body during the later stages of pupal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Hou
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Q.W.); (L.Y.); (T.T.); (Y.S.); (H.D.); (J.G.)
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2
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Liu XY, Sun HM, Luo YH, Li MY, Liu HB, Liu S. Identification of 14 glutathione S-transferase genes from Lasioderma serricorne and characterization of LsGSTe1 involved in lambda-cyhalothrin detoxification. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105425. [PMID: 37248003 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In insects, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a pivotal role in the detoxification of a wide range of pesticides. The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, is an economically important pest insect of stored products. Recently, pyrethroid insecticides have been used to control this pest. However, little is known concerning the responses and functions of GSTs in L. serricorne under pyrethroid exposure. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on L. serricorne, and a total of 14 GSTs were identified by retrieving the unigene dataset. Of these, 13 predicted GSTs fell into six cytosolic classes, namely, delta, epsilon, omega, sigma, theta, and zeta, and one was assigned to an "unclassified" group. The GST genes were differentially expressed in various larval tissues and at different developmental stages. Exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) caused oxidative stress in L. serricorne larvae and led to significantly elevated expression levels of six genes, among which LsGSTe1 was the most upregulated. Recombinant LsGSTE1 protein displayed LCT-metabolizing activity. Furthermore, LsGSTE1 protects cells against oxidative stress. Moreover, knockdown of LsGSTe1 by RNA interference dramatically increased the susceptibility of L. serricorne larvae to LCT treatment. The results from this study provide sequence resources and expression data for GST genes in L. serricorne. Our findings indicate that LsGSTE1 plays a dual role in LCT detoxification by metabolizing the pesticide and by preventing LCT-induced oxidative stress. Thus, the LsGSTe1 gene could be used as a potential target for sustainable management of the cigarette beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui-Mei Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi-Hong Luo
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mao-Ye Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hai-Bing Liu
- Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Su Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Zhao BR, Wang XX, Liu PP, Wang XW. Complement-related proteins in crustacean immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104577. [PMID: 36265592 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of innate immune system, complement system is widely involved in defense response and immune regulation, and plays an important biological role. The complement system has been deeply studied. More than 30 complement-related molecules and three major complement-activation pathways have been identified in vertebrates. Crustacean animals do not have complement system. There are only some complement-related proteins in crustaceans which are important for host defense. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about complement-related proteins in crustaceans, and their functions in crustacean immunity. We also make a comparation of the crustacean pro-phenoloxidase activating system and the mammalian complement system. This review provides a better understanding of the evolution and function of complement-related proteins in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Rui Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, And State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, And State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ping-Ping Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, And State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, And State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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4
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Xu J, Xie X, Ma Q, Zhang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Li K, Xiao Y, Tettamanti G, Xu H, Tian L. Identification of Host Molecules Involved in the Proliferation of Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Bombyx mori. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14427-14438. [PMID: 36321811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), a foodborne infectious virus, is the pathogen causing nuclear polyhedrosis and high lethality in the silkworm. In this study, we characterized the molecules involved in BmNPV-silkworm interaction by RNA sequencing of the fat body isolated from the virus-susceptible strain P50. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation showed that the upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in translation, signal transduction, folding, sorting, and degradation, as well as transport and catabolism, while the downregulated DEGs were predominantly enriched in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids at 72 h post BmNPV infection. Knockout of the upregulated somatomedin-B and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein, probable allantoicase, trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3, and Psl and pyoverdine operon regulator inhibited the proliferation of BmNPV, while knockout of the downregulated clip domain serine protease 3 and carboxylesterase clade H, member 1 promoted it. The molecules herein identified provide a foundation for developing strategies and designing drugs against BmNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaole Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiuqin Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- The Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yan Y, Jia MH, Le ZJ, Xu KK, Li C, Yang WJ. Four peptidoglycan recognition proteins are indispensable for antibacterial immunity in the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1212-1220. [PMID: 36049566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), an important pattern recognition receptor of insects, is significant for reducing innate immunity and effective pest control. We cloned four PGRP genes (LsPGRP-LB, LsPGRP-LB1, LsPGRP-LE, and LsPGRP-SC2) from the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), which encoded proteins of 216, 197, 317, and 190 amino acids, respectively. Three LsPGRPs were predominantly expressed in the larval and pupal stages, whereas LsPGRP-LE displayed high expression in adults. All the four LsPGRPs genes were highly expressed in the midgut and integument. Pathogen inoculation revealed that the four LsPGRPs actively responded to Escherichia coli and its peptidoglycan. The transcription levels of LsPGRP-LE and LsPGRP-SC2 increased significantly after Staphylococcus aureus stimulation. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the four LsPGRPs led to increased larval mortality when challenged by E. coli, and the expression of four antimicrobial peptide genes (LsCole, LsAtt2, LsDef1 and LsDef2) had a significant decrease. Higher mortality and lower AMP expression were also observed in L. serricorne under S. aureus infection after silencing LsPGRP-LE and LsPGRP-SC2. Our results suggest that the four LsPGRP genes play important and distinct regulatory roles in the antibacterial defense response of L. serricorne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Ming-Huan Jia
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Le
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Kang-Kang Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Wen-Jia Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China.
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Mugerwa H, Gautam S, Catto MA, Dutta B, Brown JK, Adkins S, Srinivasan R. Differential Transcriptional Responses in Two Old World Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species Post Acquisition of Old and New World Begomoviruses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132060. [PMID: 35805143 PMCID: PMC9265393 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Begomoviruses are transmitted by several cryptic species of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in a persistent and circulative manner. Upon virus acquisition and circulative translocation within the whitefly, a multitude of molecular interactions occur. This study investigated the differentially expressed transcript profiles associated with the acquisition of the Old World monopartite begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and two New World bipartite begomoviruses, sida golden mosaic virus (SiGMV) and cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), in two invasive B. tabaci cryptic species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED). A total of 881 and 559 genes were differentially expressed in viruliferous MEAM1 and MED whiteflies, respectively, compared with their non-viruliferous counterparts, of which 146 genes were common between the two cryptic species. For both cryptic species, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with TYLCV and SiGMV acquisition were higher compared with DEGs associated with CuLCrV acquisition. Pathway analysis indicated that the acquisition of begomoviruses induced differential changes in pathways associated with metabolism and organismal systems. Contrasting expression patterns of major genes associated with virus infection and immune systems were observed. These genes were generally overexpressed and underexpressed in B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED adults, respectively. Further, no specific expression pattern was observed among genes associated with fitness (egg production, spermatogenesis, and aging) in viruliferous whiteflies. The weighted gene correlation network analysis of viruliferous B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED adults identified different hub genes potentially implicated in the vector competence and circulative tropism of viruses. Taken together, the results indicate that both vector cryptic species and the acquired virus species could differentially affect gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibu Mugerwa
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (H.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Saurabh Gautam
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (H.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Michael A. Catto
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (H.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Bhabesh Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, 3250 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA;
| | - Judith K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Scott Adkins
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
| | - Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (H.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-770-229-3099
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Liu H, Heng J, Wang L, Li Y, Tang X, Huang X, Xia Q, Zhao P. Homeodomain proteins POU-M2, antennapedia and abdominal-B are involved in regulation of the segment-specific expression of the clip-domain serine protease gene CLIP13 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:111-127. [PMID: 33860633 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clip-domain serine proteases (CLIPs) play important roles in insect innate immunity and development. Our previous studies indicated that CLIP13, an epidermis-specific gene, was involved in cuticle remodeling during molting and metamorphosis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism and regulatory pathways of CLIP13 remained unclear. In the present study, we investigated CLIP13 expression and the regulation pathway controlled by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in the silkworm. At the transcriptional level, expression of CLIP13 exhibited pronounced spatial and temporal specificity in different regions of the epidermis; homeodomain transcription factors POU-M2, antennapedia (Antp), and abdominal-B (Abd-B) showed similar expression change trends as CLIP13 in the head capsule, thorax, and abdomen, respectively. Furthermore, results of cell transfection assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that POU-M2, Antp, and Abd-B were involved in the transcriptional regulation of CLIP13 by directly binding to their cis-response elements in CLIP13 promoter. RNA interference-mediated silencing of POU-M2, Antp, and Abd-B led to a decrease of CLIP13 expression in the head capsule, the epidermis of the 1st to 3rd thoracic segments and the 7th to 10th abdominal segments, respectively. Consistent with CLIP13, 20E treatment significantly upregulated expression of POU-M2, Antp, and Abd-B in the silkworm epidermis. Taken together, these data suggest that 20E positively regulates transcription of CLIP13 via homeodomain proteins POU-M2, Antp, and Abd-B in different regions of the silkworm epidermis during metamorphosis, thus affecting the molting process. Our findings provide new insight into the functions of homeodomain transcription factors in insect molting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jingya Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Luoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Youshan Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, 723001, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
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Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111498. [PMID: 34768928 PMCID: PMC8583952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hessian fly is a destructive pest of wheat. Employing additional molecular strategies can complement wheat's native insect resistance. However, this requires functional characterization of Hessian-fly-responsive genes, which is challenging because of wheat genome complexity. The diploid Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) exhibits nonhost resistance to Hessian fly and displays phenotypic/molecular responses intermediate between resistant and susceptible host wheat, offering a surrogate genome for gene characterization. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of Biotype L larvae residing on resistant/susceptible wheat, and nonhost Bd plants. Larvae from susceptible wheat and nonhost Bd plants revealed similar molecular responses that were distinct from avirulent larval responses on resistant wheat. Secreted salivary gland proteins were strongly up-regulated in all larvae. Genes from various biological pathways and molecular processes were up-regulated in larvae from both susceptible wheat and nonhost Bd plants. However, Bd larval expression levels were intermediate between larvae from susceptible and resistant wheat. Most genes were down-regulated or unchanged in avirulent larvae, correlating with their inability to establish feeding sites and dying within 4-5 days after egg-hatch. Decreased gene expression in Bd larvae, compared to ones on susceptible wheat, potentially led to developmentally delayed 2nd-instars, followed by eventually succumbing to nonhost resistance defense mechanisms.
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Xu PZ, Zhang MR, Wang XY, Wu YC. Precocious Metamorphosis of Silkworm Larvae Infected by BmNPV in the Latter Half of the Fifth Instar. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650972. [PMID: 34040541 PMCID: PMC8141865 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a model organism, and BmNPV is a typical baculovirus. Together, these organisms form a useful model to investigate host-baculovirus interactions. Prothoracic glands (PGs) are also model organs, used to investigate the regulatory effect of synthetic ecdysone on insect growth and development. In this study, day-4 fifth instar silkworm larvae were infected with BmNPV. Wandering silkworms appeared in the infected groups 12 h earlier than in the control groups, and the ecdysone titer in infected larvae was significantly higher than that of the control larvae. We then used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze silkworm PGs 48 h after BmNPV infection. We identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were classified as mainly being involved in metabolic processes and pathways. All 15 DEGs were expressed in the PGs, of which Novel01674, BmJing, and BmAryl were specifically expressed in the PGs. The transcripts of BmNGDN, BmTrypsin-1, BmACSS3, and BmJing were significantly increased, and BmPyd3, BmTitin, BmIGc2, Novel01674, and BmAryl were significantly decreased from 24 to 72 h in the PGs after BmNPV infection. The changes in the transcription of these nine genes were generally consistent with the transcriptome data. The upregulation of BmTrypsin-1 and BmACSS3 indicate that these DEGs may be involved in the maturation process in the latter half of the fifth instar of silkworm larvae. These findings further our understanding of silkworm larval development, the interaction between BmNPV infection and the host developmental response, and host-baculovirus interactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Zhen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang-Chun Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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10
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Yang WJ, Xu KK, Yan Y, Li C, Jin DC. Role of Chitin Deacetylase 1 in the Molting and Metamorphosis of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072449. [PMID: 32244803 PMCID: PMC7177437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) are chitin-modifying enzymes known to play vital roles in insect metamorphosis and development. In this study, we identified and characterized a chitin deacetylase1 gene (LsCDA1) from the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne. LsCDA1 contains a 1614 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 537 amino acids that includes domain structures typical of CDAs. LsCDA1 was mainly expressed in the late larval and late pupal stages. In larval tissues, the highest level of LsCDA1 was detected in the integument. The expression of LsCDA1 was induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in vivo, and it was significantly suppressed by knocking down the expression of ecdysteroidogenesis genes and 20E signaling genes. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided silencing of LsCDA1 in fifth-instar larvae prevented the larval–pupal molt and caused 75% larval mortality. In the late pupal stage, depletion of LsCDA1 resulted in the inhibition of pupal growth and wing abnormalities, and the expression levels of four wing development-related genes (LsDY, LsWG, LsVG, and LsAP) were dramatically decreased. Meanwhile, the chitin contents of LsCDA1 RNAi beetles were significantly reduced, and expressions of three chitin synthesis pathway genes (LsTRE1, LsUAP1, and LsCHS1) were greatly decreased. The results suggest that LsCDA1 is indispensable for larval–pupal and pupal–adult molts, and that it is a potential target for the RNAi-based control of L. serricorne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.-J.Y.); (K.-K.X.); (Y.Y.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Kang-Kang Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.-J.Y.); (K.-K.X.); (Y.Y.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.-J.Y.); (K.-K.X.); (Y.Y.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (D.-C.J.)
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.-J.Y.); (K.-K.X.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (D.-C.J.)
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