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Agoston-Coldea L, Negru A. Myocardial fibrosis in right heart dysfunction. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 119:71-116. [PMID: 38514212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, associated with right heart dysfunction, results in significant morbidity and mortality. Stimulated by various cellular and humoral stimuli, cardiac fibroblasts, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, mast and endothelial cells promote fibrogenesis directly and indirectly by synthesizing numerous profibrotic factors. Several systems, including the transforming growth factor-beta and the renin-angiotensin system, produce type I and III collagen, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin, thus modifying the extracellular matrix. Although magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement remains the gold standard, the use of circulating biomarkers represents an inexpensive and attractive means to facilitate detection and monitor cardiovascular fibrosis. This review explores the use of protein and nucleic acid (miRNAs) markers to better understand underlying pathophysiology as well as their role in the development of therapeutics to inhibit and potentially reverse cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Agoston-Coldea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andra Negru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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2
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Azimi A, Pourirahim M, Houshmand G, Adimi S, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. Arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy caused by a novel likely pathogenic DSP mutation, p.K1165Rfs*8, in a family with sudden cardiac death. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:266. [PMID: 37885024 PMCID: PMC10601356 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted an investigation into the clinical and molecular characteristics of Arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy (ALVC) caused by a novel likely pathogenic mutation in an Iranian pedigree with sudden cardiac death (SCD). BACKGROUND ALVC is a genetically inherited myocardial disease characterized by the substitution of fibro-fatty tissue in the left ventricular myocardium, predominantly inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is commonly associated with genes involved in encoding desmosomal proteins, specifically Desmoplakin (DSP). METHODS The patient and available family members underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment, including Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, along with Whole-exome sequencing (WES). The identified variant was confirmed and segregated by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing in the family members. RESULTS A novel likely pathogenic heterozygous variant, DSP (NM_004415.4), c.3492_3498del, p.K1165Rfs*8 was discovered in the proband. This variant is likely to be the primary reason for ALVC in this specific family. This variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and segregated in other affected members of the family. CONCLUSION We identified a novel likely pathogenic variant in the DSP gene, which has been identified as the cause of ALVC in an Iranian family. Our investigation underscores the importance of genetic testing, specifically WES, for individuals suspected of ALVC and have a family history of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Azimi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourirahim
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Houshmand
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Adimi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Vielmuth F, Radeva MY, Yeruva S, Sigmund AM, Waschke J. cAMP: A master regulator of cadherin-mediated binding in endothelium, epithelium and myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14006. [PMID: 37243909 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is crucial not only for maintaining tissue integrity and barrier function in the endothelium and epithelium but also for electromechanical coupling within the myocardium. Therefore, loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion causes various disorders, including vascular inflammation and desmosome-related diseases such as the autoimmune blistering skin dermatosis pemphigus and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Mechanisms regulating cadherin-mediated binding contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases and may also be used as therapeutic targets. Over the last 30 years, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) has emerged as one of the master regulators of cell adhesion in endothelium and, more recently, also in epithelial cells as well as in cardiomyocytes. A broad spectrum of experimental models from vascular physiology and cell biology applied by different generations of researchers provided evidence that not only cadherins of endothelial adherens junctions (AJ) but also desmosomal contacts in keratinocytes and the cardiomyocyte intercalated discs are central targets in this scenario. The molecular mechanisms involve protein kinase A- and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-mediated regulation of Rho family GTPases and S665 phosphorylation of the AJ and desmosome adaptor protein plakoglobin. In line with this, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors such as apremilast have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to stabilize cadherin-mediated adhesion in pemphigus and may also be effective to treat other disorders where cadherin-mediated binding is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna M Sigmund
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Alcalde M, Toro R, Bonet F, Córdoba-Caballero J, Martínez-Barrios E, Ranea JA, Vallverdú-Prats M, Brugada R, Meraviglia V, Bellin M, Sarquella-Brugada G, Campuzano O. Role of MicroRNAs in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: translation as biomarkers into clinical practice. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00070-1. [PMID: 37105319 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare inherited entity, characterized by a progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium. It leads to malignant arrhythmias and a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are hallmarks of this arrhythmogenic cardiac disease, where the first manifestation may be syncope and sudden cardiac death, often triggered by physical exercise. Early identification of individuals at risk is crucial to adopt protective and ideally personalized measures to prevent lethal episodes. The genetic analysis identifies deleterious rare variants in nearly 70% of cases, mostly in genes encoding proteins of the desmosome. However, other factors may modulate the phenotype onset and outcome of disease, such as microRNAs. These small noncoding RNAs play a key role in gene expression regulation and the network of cellular processes. In recent years, data focused on the role of microRNAs as potential biomarkers in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has progressively increased. A better understanding of the functions and interactions of microRNAs will likely have clinical implications. Herein, we propose an exhaustive review of the literature regarding these noncoding RNAs, their versatile mechanisms of gene regulation and present novel targets in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Alcalde
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain.
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain
| | - José Córdoba-Caballero
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Barrios
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Cardiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona Spain; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam Netherlands; Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Ranea
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 29029 Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Vallverdú-Prats
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona Spain
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35122 Padua Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua Italy
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Cardiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona Spain; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam Netherlands; Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain.
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Schinner C, Xu L, Franz H, Zimmermann A, Wanuske MT, Rathod M, Hanns P, Geier F, Pelczar P, Liang Y, Lorenz V, Stüdle C, Maly PI, Kauferstein S, Beckmann BM, Sheikh F, Kuster GM, Spindler V. Defective Desmosomal Adhesion Causes Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy by Involving an Integrin-αVβ6/TGF-β Signaling Cascade. Circulation 2022; 146:1610-1626. [PMID: 36268721 PMCID: PMC9674449 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is characterized by progressive loss of cardiomyocytes with fibrofatty tissue replacement, systolic dysfunction, and life-threatening arrhythmias. A substantial proportion of ACM is caused by mutations in genes of the desmosomal cell-cell adhesion complex, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the relevance of defective desmosomal adhesion for ACM development and progression. METHODS We mutated the binding site of DSG2 (desmoglein-2), a crucial desmosomal adhesion molecule in cardiomyocytes. This DSG2-W2A mutation abrogates the tryptophan swap, a central interaction mechanism of DSG2 on the basis of structural data. Impaired adhesive function of DSG2-W2A was confirmed by cell-cell dissociation assays and force spectroscopy measurements by atomic force microscopy. The DSG2-W2A knock-in mouse model was analyzed by echocardiography, ECG, and histologic and biomolecular techniques including RNA sequencing and transmission electron and superresolution microscopy. The results were compared with ACM patient samples, and their relevance was confirmed in vivo and in cardiac slice cultures by inhibitor studies applying the small molecule EMD527040 or an inhibitory integrin-αVβ6 antibody. RESULTS The DSG2-W2A mutation impaired binding on molecular level and compromised intercellular adhesive function. Mice bearing this mutation develop a severe cardiac phenotype recalling the characteristics of ACM, including cardiac fibrosis, impaired systolic function, and arrhythmia. A comparison of the transcriptome of mutant mice with ACM patient data suggested deregulated integrin-αVβ6 and subsequent transforming growth factor-β signaling as driver of cardiac fibrosis. Blocking integrin-αVβ6 led to reduced expression of profibrotic markers and reduced fibrosis formation in mutant animals in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We show that disruption of desmosomal adhesion is sufficient to induce a phenotype that fulfils the clinical criteria to establish the diagnosis of ACM, confirming the dysfunctional adhesion hypothesis. Deregulation of integrin-αVβ6 and transforming growth factor-β signaling was identified as a central step toward fibrosis. A pilot in vivo drug test revealed this pathway as a promising target to ameliorate fibrosis. This highlights the value of this model to discern mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and to identify and test novel treatment options for ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Schinner
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland (L.X., V.L., G.M.K.)
| | - Henriette Franz
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aude Zimmermann
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Therès Wanuske
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maitreyi Rathod
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Hanns
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Geier
- Department of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Core Facility (F.G.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland (F.G.)
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models (P.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (Y.L., F.S.)
| | - Vera Lorenz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland (L.X., V.L., G.M.K.)
| | - Chiara Stüdle
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Piotr I. Maly
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silke Kauferstein
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.K., B.M.B.)
| | - Britt M. Beckmann
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.K., B.M.B.)
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany (B.M.B.)
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (Y.L., F.S.)
| | - Gabriela M. Kuster
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland (L.X., V.L., G.M.K.)
- Division of Cardiology (G.M.K.), University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Volker Spindler
- Department of Biomedicine, Section Anatomy (C. Schinner, H.F., A.Z., M.-T.W., M.R., P.H., C. Stüdle, P.I.M., V.S.), University of Basel, Switzerland
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Coscarella IL, Landim-Vieira M, Pinto JR, Chelko SP. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Exercise Pitfalls, Role of Connexin-43, and Moving beyond Antiarrhythmics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158753. [PMID: 35955883 PMCID: PMC9369094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM), a Mendelian disorder that can affect both left and right ventricles, is most often associated with pathogenic desmosomal variants that can lead to fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium, a pathological hallmark of this disease. Current therapies are aimed to prevent the worsening of disease phenotypes and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Despite the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) there is no present therapy that would mitigate the loss in electrical signal and propagation by these fibrofatty barriers. Recent studies have shown the influence of forced vs. voluntary exercise in a variety of healthy and diseased mice; more specifically, that exercised mice show increased Connexin-43 (Cx43) expression levels. Fascinatingly, increased Cx43 expression ameliorated the abnormal electrical signal conduction in the myocardium of diseased mice. These findings point to a major translational pitfall in current therapeutics for ACM patients, who are advised to completely cease exercising and already demonstrate reduced Cx43 levels at the myocyte intercalated disc. Considering cardiac dysfunction in ACM arises from the loss of cardiomyocytes and electrical signal conduction abnormalities, an increase in Cx43 expression-promoted by low to moderate intensity exercise and/or gene therapy-could very well improve cardiac function in ACM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Leite Coscarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - José Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Stephen P. Chelko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-644-2215
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Faris P, Casali C, Negri S, Iengo L, Biggiogera M, Maione AS, Moccia F. Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Induces Intracellular Ca2+ Signalling and Stimulates Proliferation in Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:874043. [PMID: 35392169 PMCID: PMC8980055 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.874043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a newly discovered second messenger that gates two pore channels 1 (TPC1) and 2 (TPC2) to elicit endo-lysosomal (EL) Ca2+ release. NAADP-induced lysosomal Ca2+ release may be amplified by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mechanism. NAADP-induced intracellular Ca2+ signals were shown to modulate a growing number of functions in the cardiovascular system, but their occurrence and role in cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSCs) is still unknown. Herein, we found that exogenous delivery of NAADP-AM induced a robust Ca2+ signal that was abolished by disrupting the lysosomal Ca2+ store with Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide, nigericin, and bafilomycin A1, and blocking TPC1 and TPC2, that are both expressed at protein level in C-MSCs. Furthermore, NAADP-induced EL Ca2+ release resulted in the Ca2+-dependent recruitment of ER-embedded InsP3Rs and SOCE activation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed clearly visible membrane contact sites between lysosome and ER membranes, which are predicted to provide the sub-cellular framework for lysosomal Ca2+ to recruit ER-embedded InsP3Rs through CICR. NAADP-induced EL Ca2+ mobilization via EL TPC was found to trigger the intracellular Ca2+ signals whereby Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) induces C-MSC proliferation. Furthermore, NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release was required to mediate FBS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not Akt, phosphorylation in C-MSCs. These finding support the notion that NAADP-induced TPC activation could be targeted to boost proliferation in C-MSCs and pave the way for future studies assessing whether aberrant NAADP signaling in C-MSCs could be involved in cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Casali
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lara Iengo
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Biggiogera
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Serena Maione, ; Francesco Moccia,
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Serena Maione, ; Francesco Moccia,
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Bourque K, Hawey C, Jiang A, Mazarura GR, Hébert TE. Biosensor-based profiling to track cellular signalling in patient-derived models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110239. [PMID: 34990783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) represent a diverse group of cardiovascular diseases impacting the structure and function of the myocardium. To better treat these diseases, we need to understand the impact of such cardiomyopathies on critical signalling pathways that drive disease progression downstream of receptors we often target therapeutically. Our understanding of cellular signalling events has progressed substantially in the last few years, in large part due to the design, validation and use of biosensor-based approaches to studying such events in cells, tissues and in some cases, living animals. Another transformative development has been the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate disease-relevant models from individual patients. We highlight the importance of going beyond monocellular cultures to incorporate the influence of paracrine signalling mediators. Finally, we discuss the recent coalition of these approaches in the context of DCM. We discuss recent work in generating patient-derived models of cardiomyopathies and the utility of using signalling biosensors to track disease progression and test potential therapeutic strategies that can be later used to inform treatment options in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cara Hawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alyson Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Grace R Mazarura
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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9
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Gerull B, Brodehl A. Insights Into Genetics and Pathophysiology of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:378-390. [PMID: 34478111 PMCID: PMC8616880 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disease characterized by life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in apparently healthy young adults. Mutations in genes encoding for cellular junctions can be found in about half of the patients. However, disease onset and severity, risk of arrhythmias, and outcome are highly variable and drug-targeted treatment is currently unavailable. Recent Findings This review focuses on advances in clinical risk stratification, genetic etiology, and pathophysiological concepts. The desmosome is the central part of the disease, but other intercalated disc and associated structural proteins not only broaden the genetic spectrum but also provide novel molecular and cellular insights into the pathogenesis of ACM. Signaling pathways and the role of inflammation will be discussed and targets for novel therapeutic approaches outlined. Summary Genetic discoveries and experimental-driven preclinical research contributed significantly to the understanding of ACM towards mutation- and pathway-specific personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Department of Medicine I, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Lachaize V, Peña B, Ciubotaru C, Cojoc D, Chen SN, Taylor MRG, Mestroni L, Sbaizero O. Compromised Biomechanical Properties, Cell-Cell Adhesion and Nanotubes Communication in Cardiac Fibroblasts Carrying the Lamin A/C D192G Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9193. [PMID: 34502098 PMCID: PMC8431729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical effects induced by arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) originate from a large spectrum of genetic variations, including the missense mutation of the lamin A/C gene (LMNA), LMNA D192G. The aim of our study was to investigate the biophysical and biomechanical impact of the LMNA D192G mutation on neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts (NRVF). The main findings in mutated NRVFs were: (i) cytoskeleton disorganization (actin and intermediate filaments); (ii) decreased elasticity of NRVFs; (iii) altered cell-cell adhesion properties, that highlighted a strong effect on cellular communication, in particular on tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). In mutant-expressing fibroblasts, these nanotubes were weakened with altered mechanical properties as shown by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical tweezers. These outcomes complement prior investigations on LMNA mutant cardiomyocytes and suggest that the LMNA D192G mutation impacts the biomechanical properties of both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. These observations could explain how this mutation influences cardiac biomechanical pathology and the severity of ACM in LMNA-cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Lachaize
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Brisa Peña
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Bioscience 2 1270 E. Montview Ave., Suite 100, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catalin Ciubotaru
- Institute of Materials, National Research Council of Italy (CNR_IOM), Area Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Dan Cojoc
- Institute of Materials, National Research Council of Italy (CNR_IOM), Area Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Suet Nee Chen
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Matthew R. G. Taylor
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.P.); (S.N.C.); (M.R.G.T.); (L.M.)
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11
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Modeling Cardiomyopathies in a Dish: State-of-the-Art and Novel Perspectives on hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Maturation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080730. [PMID: 34439963 PMCID: PMC8389603 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell technology and the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) production represent an excellent alternative tool to study cardiomyopathies, which overcome the limitations associated with primary cardiomyocytes (CMs) access and manipulation. CMs from human iPSCs (hiPSC-CMs) are genetically identical to patient primary cells of origin, with the main electrophysiological and mechanical features of CMs. The key issue to be solved is to achieve a degree of structural and functional maturity typical of adult CMs. In this perspective, we will focus on the main differences between fetal-like hiPSC-CMs and adult CMs. A viewpoint is given on the different approaches used to improve hiPSC-CMs maturity, spanning from long-term culture to complex engineered heart tissue. Further, we outline limitations and future developments needed in cardiomyopathy disease modeling.
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12
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Cardiac Biomarkers and Autoantibodies in Endurance Athletes: Potential Similarities with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Pathogenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126500. [PMID: 34204386 PMCID: PMC8235133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The “Extreme Exercise Hypothesis” states that when individuals perform training beyond the ideal exercise dose, a decline in the beneficial effects of physical activity occurs. This is due to significant changes in myocardial structure and function, such as hemodynamic alterations, cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy, myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and conduction changes. In addition, an increased amount of circulating biomarkers of exercise-induced damage has been reported. Although these changes are often reversible, long-lasting cardiac damage may develop after years of intense physical exercise. Since several features of the athlete’s heart overlap with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), the syndrome of “exercise-induced ACM” has been postulated. Thus, the distinction between ACM and the athlete’s heart may be challenging. Recently, an autoimmune mechanism has been discovered in ACM patients linked to their characteristic junctional impairment. Since cardiac junctions are similarly impaired by intense physical activity due to the strong myocardial stretching, we propose in the present work the novel hypothesis of an autoimmune response in endurance athletes. This investigation may deepen the knowledge about the pathological remodeling and relative activated mechanisms induced by intense endurance exercise, potentially improving the early recognition of whom is actually at risk.
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13
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Maione AS, Stadiotti I, Pilato CA, Perrucci GL, Saverio V, Catto V, Vettor G, Casella M, Guarino A, Polvani G, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Excess TGF-β1 Drives Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to a Pro-Fibrotic Commitment in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052673. [PMID: 33800912 PMCID: PMC7961797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM) is characterized by the replacement of the myocardium with fibrotic or fibro-fatty tissue and inflammatory infiltrates in the heart. To date, while ACM adipogenesis is a well-investigated differentiation program, ACM-related fibrosis remains a scientific gap of knowledge. In this study, we analyze the fibrotic process occurring during ACM pathogenesis focusing on the role of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSC) as a source of myofibroblasts. We performed the ex vivo studies on plasma and right ventricular endomyocardial bioptic samples collected from ACM patients and healthy control donors (HC). In vitro studies were performed on C-MSC isolated from endomyocardial biopsies of both groups. Our results revealed that circulating TGF-β1 levels are significantly higher in the ACM cohort than in HC. Accordingly, fibrotic markers are increased in ACM patient-derived cardiac biopsies compared to HC ones. This difference is not evident in isolated C-MSC. Nevertheless, ACM C-MSC are more responsive than HC ones to TGF-β1 treatment, in terms of pro-fibrotic differentiation and higher activation of the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. These results provide the novel evidence that C-MSC are a source of myofibroblasts and participate in ACM fibrotic remodeling, being highly responsive to ACM-characteristic excess TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5800-2753
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Chiara Assunta Pilato
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Valentina Saverio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Valentina Catto
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Vettor
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Casella
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Guarino
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianluca Polvani
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
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Psychosocial Stress Hastens Disease Progression and Sudden Death in Mice with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123804. [PMID: 33255451 PMCID: PMC7761318 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological stressors, such as exercise, can precipitate sudden cardiac death or heart failure progression in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Yet, whether and to what extent a highly prevalent and more elusive environmental factor, such as psychosocial stress (PSS), can also increase ACM disease progression is unexplored. Here, we first quantified perceived stress levels in patients with ACM and found these levels correlated with the extent of arrhythmias and cardiac dysfunction. To determine whether the observed correlation is due to causation, we inflicted PSS-via the resident-intruder (RI) paradigm—upon Desmoglein-2 mutant mice, a vigorously used mammalian model of ACM. We found that ACM mice succumbed to abnormally high in-trial, PSS mortality. Conversely, no sudden deaths occurred in wildtype (WT) counterparts. Desmoglein-2 mice that survived RI challenge manifested markedly worse cardiac dysfunction and remodeling, namely apoptosis and fibrosis. Furthermore, WT and ACM mice displayed similar behavior at baseline, but Desmoglein-2 mice exhibited heightened anxiety following RI-induced PSS. This outcome correlated with the worsening of cardiac phenotypes. Our mouse model demonstrates that in ACM-like subjects, PSS is incisive enough to deteriorate cardiac structure and function per se, i.e., in the absence of any pre-existing anxious behavior. Hence, PSS may represent a previously underappreciated risk factor in ACM disease penetrance.
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15
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Lippi M, Stadiotti I, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Human Cell Modeling for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6388. [PMID: 32887493 PMCID: PMC7503257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of appropriate and reliable in vitro cell models recapitulating human cardiovascular diseases has been the aim of numerous researchers, in order to retrace pathologic phenotypes, elucidate molecular mechanisms, and discover therapies using simple and reproducible techniques. In the past years, several human cell types have been utilized for these goals, including heterologous systems, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular primary cells, and embryonic stem cells. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation potential brought new prospects for large-scale cardiovascular experiments, bypassing ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells and providing an advanced tool for disease modeling, diagnosis, and therapy. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accessibility, maintenance, throughput, physiological relevance, recapitulation of the disease. A higher level of complexity in diseases modeling has been achieved with multicellular co-cultures. Furthermore, the important progresses reached by bioengineering during the last years, together with the opportunities given by pluripotent stem cells, have allowed the generation of increasingly advanced in vitro three-dimensional tissue-like constructs mimicking in vivo physiology. This review provides an overview of the main cell models used in cardiovascular research, highlighting the pros and cons of each, and describing examples of practical applications in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lippi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
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