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Paditsaeree K, Mitranun W. Acute Effects of Combining Weight and Elastic Resistance Exercise on Vascular Function in Older Adults. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:56. [PMID: 38804313 PMCID: PMC11130816 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior research has suggested that resistance exercise may result in a temporary decrease in vascular function, as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), among untrained young individuals. However, the immediate impact of combined elastic and weight resistance training on older adults remains insufficiently explored. We assessed vascular function before, after, and 30 min after acute exercise under three resistance conditions to evaluate whether a combination of weight and elastic resistance exercises has an acute effect on vascular function in older adults. Fourteen older adults (65.6 ± 2.9 years) executed three sets of 12 repetitions at 65% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) of the bench press (BP) exercise. Testing was performed on three separate days as follows: (1) barbell alone (BA); (2) barbell plus elastic bands (10% of 65% 1 RM) (BE10); and (3) barbell plus elastic bands (20% of 65% 1 RM) (BE20). A two-way (time × condition) repeated measures analysis of variance was employed to assess the time and condition effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). At 0 min post-exercise, FMD was significantly higher during BE10 than during BA (p < 0.05); however, at 30 min post-exercise, no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) was observed between the three conditions. In each condition, FMD results did not differ significantly at different times (p ≥ 0.05). For FMD, the main effect of the condition (F[2,26] = 3.86, p = 0.034) and that of the time and condition (F[4,52] = 3.66, p = 0.011) were significant. For PWV, only the difference between the BA and BE10 conditions was significant at 0 min (p < 0.05). PWV increased from baseline in the BA condition (p < 0.05) but not significantly in the BE10 and BE20 conditions (p ≥ 0.05). Therefore, BA, BE10, and BE20 demonstrated various changes in vascular function. Long-term training intervention studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kampanart Paditsaeree
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Phuket Rajabhat University, Phuket 83000, Thailand;
| | - Witid Mitranun
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Sports, and Health, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
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Landers-Ramos RQ, Dondero K, Imery I, Reveille N, Zabriskie HA, Dobrosielski DA. Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition on resting and post-exercise indices of vascular health in young adults. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:54-62. [PMID: 38463670 PMCID: PMC10918352 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate vascular impairments at rest and following an acute bout of exercise in young healthy individuals. This study aimed to compare flow mediated dilation (FMD) and vascular augmentation index (AIx75) between young adults with low, moderate, and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness before and after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Forty-three participants (22 men; 21 women) between 18 and 29 years of age completed the study. Participants were classified into low, moderate, and high health-related cardiorespiratory fitness groups according to age- and sex-based relative maximal oxygen consumption (V ˙ O2 max) percentile rankings. FMD was performed using Doppler ultrasound and AIx75 was performed using pulse wave analysis at baseline and 60-min after a 30-min bout of treadmill running at 70% V ˙ O2 max. A significant interaction (p = 0.047; ηp2 = 0.142) was observed, with the moderate fitness group exhibiting a higher FMD post-exercise compared with baseline ([6.7% ± 3.1%] vs. [8.5% ± 2.8%], p = 0.028; d = 0.598). We found a significant main effect of group for AIx75 (p = 0.023; ηp2 = 0.168), with the high fitness group exhibiting lower AIx75 compared to low fitness group ([-10% ± 10%] vs. [2% ± 10%], respectively, p = 0.019; g = 1.07). This was eliminated after covarying for body fat percentage (p = 0.489). Our findings suggest that resting FMD and AIx75 responses are not significantly influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness, but FMD recovery responses to exercise may be enhanced in individuals with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Dondero
- Towson University, Department of Kinesiology, Towson, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Imery
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Cell Biology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Florida, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Dikic AD, Dedic S, Jovanovic I, Boskovic N, Giga V, Nedeljkovic I, Tesic M, Aleksandric S, Cortigiani L, Ciampi Q, Picano E. Noninvasive evaluation of dynamic microvascular dysfunction in ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease patients with suspected vasospasm. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:123-131. [PMID: 38064348 PMCID: PMC10754482 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA), a dynamic coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is frequent but difficult to capture by noninvasive means.The aim of our study was to assess dynamic CMD in INOCA patients with stress echocardiography after vasoconstrictive and vasodilator stimuli. METHODS In this prospective single-center study, we have enrolled 40 INOCA patients (age 56.3 ± 13 years, 32 women). All participants underwent stress echocardiography with hyperventilation (HYP), followed by supine bicycle exercise (HYP+EXE) and adenosine (ADO). Stress echocardiography included an assessment of regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) and coronary flow velocity (CFV) in the distal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. RESULTS HYP induced a 30% increase in rate pressure product (rest = 10 244 ± 2353 vs. HYP = 13 214 ± 3266 mmHg x bpm, P < 0.001) accompanied by a paradoxical reduction in CFV (HYP< rest) in 21 patients (52%). HYP alone was less effective than HYP+EXE in inducing anginal pain (6/40, 15% vs. 10/40, 25%, P = 0.046), ST segment changes (6/40, 15% vs. 24/40, 60%, P < 0.001), and RWMA (6/40, 15% vs. 13/40, 32.5%, P = 0.008). ADO-induced vasodilation was preserved (≥2.0) in all patients. CONCLUSION In patients with INOCA, a coronary vasoconstriction after HYP is common, in absence of structural CMD detectable with ADO. HYP+EXE test represents a more powerful ischemia inducer than HYP alone. Stress echocardiography with LAD-CFV may allow the noninvasive assessment of dynamic and structural coronary microcirculation during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Djordjevic Dikic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, Belgrade
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Dedic
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Jovanovic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, Belgrade
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Boskovic
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Giga
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, Belgrade
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nedeljkovic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, Belgrade
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tesic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, Belgrade
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Aleksandric
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, Belgrade
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Quirino Ciampi
- Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Benevento, Benevento, Italy
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Lei T, Fujii N, Zhang X, Wang F, Mündel T, Wang I, Chen Y, Nishiyasu T, Amano T, Dobashi K, Wang L, Yeh T, Kondo N, Goulding RP. The effects of high-intensity exercise training and detraining with and without active recovery on postexercise hypotension in young men. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15862. [PMID: 38129108 PMCID: PMC10737682 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether high-intensity exercise training and detraining combined with skeletal muscle pump (MP) could alter the magnitude of postexercise hypotension has not been investigated. We therefore sought to determine whether the combination of MP (unloaded back-pedaling) with 4 weeks of high-intensity exercise training and detraining could alter the magnitude of postexercise hypotension. Fourteen healthy men underwent 4 weeks of high-intensity exercise training (5 consecutive days per week for 15 min per session at 40% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and maximal oxygen uptake [i.e., Δ40%]) followed by detraining for 4 weeks. Assessments were conducted at Pre-training (Pre), Post-training (Post) and after Detraining with (MP) and without MP (Con). The exercise test in the Pre, Post and the Detraining consisted of 15 min exercise at Δ40% followed by 1 h of recovery. At all time-points, the postexercise reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced in MP compared to Con (all p < 0.01). Four weeks of high-intensity exercise training resulted in a reduction in the magnitude of postexercise hypotension (i.e., the change in MAP from baseline was mitigated) across both trials (All p < 0.01) when compared to Pre and Detraining. Following Detraining, the reduction of MAP from baseline was reduced compared to Pre, but was not different from Post. We conclude that high-intensity exercise training combined with skeletal MP reduces the magnitude of postexercise hypotension, and this effect is partially retained for 4 weeks following the complete cessation of high-intensity exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze‐Huan Lei
- College of Physical EducationHubei Normal UniversityHuangshiChina
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Institute of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Normal University Kangcheng Experimental SchoolShanghaiChina
| | - Faming Wang
- Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Toby Mündel
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - I‐Lin Wang
- College of Physical EducationHubei Normal UniversityHuangshiChina
| | - Yi‐Ming Chen
- Department of Food ScienceFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Institute of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | | | - Kohei Dobashi
- Faculty of EducationHokkaido University of EducationAsahikawaJapan
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Physical EducationWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tzu‐Shao Yeh
- School of Public HealthNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Richie P. Goulding
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Human Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Drożdż D, Drożdż M, Wójcik M. Endothelial dysfunction as a factor leading to arterial hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:2973-2985. [PMID: 36409370 PMCID: PMC10432334 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension remains the main cause of cardiovascular complications leading to increased mortality. The discoveries of recent years underline the important role of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in initiating the development of arterial hypertension. The endothelium lines the interior of the entire vascular system in the body and acts as a physical barrier between blood and tissues. Substances and mediators produced by the endothelium exhibit antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Oxidative stress and inflammation are conditions that damage the endothelium and shift endothelial function from vasoprotective to vasoconstrictive, prothrombotic, and pro-apoptotic functions. A dysfunctional endothelium contributes to the development of hypertension and further cardiovascular complications. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of ED-associated hypertension. New technologies provide tools to identify pathological changes in the structure and function of the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to the development of arterial hypertension and should be considered in therapeutic strategies for children with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Drożdż
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Drożdż
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Deapartment of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Bielec G, Kwaśna A. Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Cardiovascular Health in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15483. [PMID: 36497556 PMCID: PMC9738302 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decrease in physical activity levels among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic is well-documented in the literature. However, the effect of lockdown restrictions on cardiovascular fitness has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS The aim of the study was to assess the possible changes in cardiovascular fitness among university students during a 14-week period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirteen female and seven male tourism and recreation students participated in the study. Examinations were conducted in November 2020 and in February/March 2021. Students performed the PWC170 test on a cycling ergometer. Maximal oxygen consumption was calculated based on the PWC170 test results. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at rest, as well as in the 1st and 5th minute of post-exercise recovery. RESULTS No substantial changes were observed in maximal oxygen consumption level when comparing autumn and winter indices. Male students presented elevated blood pressure whereas female students presented normal blood pressure. Heart-rate and blood-pressure indices did not show substantial alternations in examined students during analyzed period. CONCLUSIONS Fourteen weeks of lockdown had little effect on the cardiovascular health of tourism and recreation students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bielec
- Department of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, ul. Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśna
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences in Wrocław, al. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Del Seppia C, Federighi G, Lapi D, Gerosolimo F, Scuri R. Effects of a catechins-enriched diet associated with moderate physical exercise in the prevention of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17303. [PMID: 36243879 PMCID: PMC9569358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension represents the main risk factor for the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacological treatments to control hypertension have been associated with new treatments involving physical activity and/or the intake of natural components (nutraceuticals). We here report the effects produced by a combination of a natural component (catechins) and a moderate exercise program on the development of hypertension in spontaneous hypertensive rats compared with those of each individual treatment. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured with a non-invasive method in 28 rats randomly assigned to four groups: rats subjected to moderate physical exercise; rats with a catechins-enriched diet; rats subjected to moderate physical exercise combined with a catechins-enriched diet; control, untreated-rats left to age. All treatments were applied for 6 weeks. The statistical analysis revealed that the three treatments significantly reduced the weekly increase in arterial blood pressure observed in control rats (SBP, P < 0.0001; DBP, P = 0.005). However, the reduction of arterial blood pressure induced by combined treatments was not higher than that induced by the single treatment, but more prolonged. All treatments showed strong antioxidative properties. Our data show that physical activity and a diet enriched with catechins individually have an important hypotensive effect, while the association did not produce a higher hypotensive effect than the single treatment, even if it was able to decrease blood pressure for a longer time. These findings have important implications for developing a protocol to apply in novel hypertension prevention procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Federighi
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dosminga Lapi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Gerosolimo
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Scuri
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Perpetuini D, Formenti D, Iodice P, Cardone D, Filippini C, Chiarelli AM, Michielon G, Trecroci A, Alberti G, Merla A. Central and Peripheral Thermal Signatures of Brain-Derived Fatigue during Unilateral Resistance Exercise: A Preliminary Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020322. [PMID: 35205188 PMCID: PMC8869276 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fatigue is considered a brain-derived emotion that could impact performance during the execution of physical exercises. Infrared thermography is a valuable technique able to measure the psychophysiological state associated with emotions in a contactless manner. The aim of the study is to test the capability of infrared thermography to evaluate the central and peripheral physiological effect of fatigue through facial skin and muscle temperature modulations collected during the execution of a unilateral resistance exercise of the lower limb. Both time- and frequency-domain analyses were performed on the temperature time course of the face and limbs. Particularly, significant correlations between features extracted from the thermal signals and the perceived exertion were found. These findings confirmed the ability of thermal imaging to detect both peripheral and central effects of fatigue in response to physical exercises. These results could foster the employment of infrared thermography to monitor the psychophysiological state of the athletes during training. The possibility to calibrate the training load in accordance with the psychophysiological conditions could improve the performance of the athletes during the training process and competitions. Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) allows to evaluate the psychophysiological state associated with emotions from facial temperature modulations. As fatigue is a brain-derived emotion, it is possible to hypothesize that facial temperature could provide information regarding the fatigue related to exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the capability of IRT to assess the central and peripheral physiological effect of fatigue by measuring facial skin and muscle temperature modulations in response to a unilateral knee extension exercise until exhaustion. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded at the end of the exercise. Both time- (∆TROI: pre–post exercise temperature variation) and frequency-domain (∆PSD: pre–post exercise power spectral density variation of specific frequency bands) analyses were performed to extract features from regions of interest (ROIs) positioned on the exercised and nonexercised leg, nose tip, and corrugator. The ANOVA-RM revealed a significant difference between ∆TROI (F(1.41,9.81) = 15.14; p = 0.0018), and between ∆PSD of myogenic (F(1.34,9.39) = 15.20; p = 0.0021) and neurogenic bands (F(1.75,12.26) = 9.96; p = 0.0034) of different ROIs. Moreover, significant correlations between thermal features and RPE were found. These findings suggest that IRT could assess both peripheral and central responses to physical exercise. Its applicability in monitoring the psychophysiological responses to exercise should be further explored
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perpetuini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierpaolo Iodice
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rue Thomas Becket, 76130 Rouen, France;
| | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Filippini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Maria Chiarelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Giovanni Michielon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Kramer 4, 20129 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (D.C.); (C.F.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.)
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Physical Activity Behaviors and Physical Work Capacity in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020891. [PMID: 35055712 PMCID: PMC8776174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic led to restricted access to sports and recreation facilities, resulting in a general decrease in physical activity. Many studies present the results of on-line questionnaires conducted during the pandemic, but there are few reports of objectively measured indicators of physical condition. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the changes in physical work capacity, body composition, and physical activity behaviors in university students during 14 weeks of lockdown. Material and Methods. Twenty students of Tourism and Recreation (13 female and 7 male) participated in the study. The first examination was conducted in November 2020, and the second in March 2021. Body composition was assessed with a Tanita 418 MA device. The students performed the PWC 170 cycling test and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) on-line. Results. Neither physical work capacity nor body composition parameters changed substantially during the analyzed period. In the female students, vigorous physical activity decreased significantly, but no substantial changes occurred in weekly metabolic equivalent of task. In male students, walking days and metabolic equivalent of task decreased, but the changes were not significant. Conclusions. Fourteen weeks of COVID-19 lockdown had little effect on the body composition, physical work capacity level, and physical activity habits of Tourism and Recreation students. Studies with larger groups of participants should verify the current conclusions, and care should be taken when extrapolating to other populations.
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Nyborg C, Melsom HS, Bonnevie-Svendsen M, Melau J, Seljeflot I, Hisdal J. Transient Reduction of FMD-Response and L-Arginine Accompanied by Increased Levels of E-Selectin, VCAM, and ICAM after Prolonged Strenuous Exercise. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9060086. [PMID: 34204566 PMCID: PMC8234080 DOI: 10.3390/sports9060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed endothelial function by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), levels of the NO-precursor L-arginine, and markers of endothelial inflammation before, at the finish line, and one week after the Norseman Xtreme triathlon. The race is an Ironman distance triathlon with a total elevation of 5200 m. Nine male participants were included. They completed the race in 14.5 (13.4–15.3) h. FMD was significantly reduced to 3.1 (2.1–5.0)% dilatation compared to 8.7 (8.2–9.3)% dilatation before the race (p < 0.05) and was normalized one week after the race. L-arginine showed significantly reduced levels at the finish line (p < 0.05) but was normalized one week after the race. Markers of endothelial inflammation E-Selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 all showed a pattern with increased values at the finish line compared to before the race (all p < 0.05), with normalization one week after the race. In conclusion, we found acutely reduced FMD with reduced L-arginine levels and increased E-Selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 immediately after the Norseman Xtreme triathlon. Our findings indicate a transient reduced endothelial function, measured by the FMD-response, after prolonged strenuous exercise that could be explained by reduced NO-precursor L-arginine levels and increased endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Nyborg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (H.S.M.); (M.B.-S.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-971-76-129
| | - Helene Støle Melsom
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (H.S.M.); (M.B.-S.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Bonnevie-Svendsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (H.S.M.); (M.B.-S.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Melau
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (H.S.M.); (M.B.-S.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Prehospital Care, Vestfold Hospital Trust, 3103 Toensberg, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (H.S.M.); (M.B.-S.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (J.H.)
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (H.S.M.); (M.B.-S.); (J.M.); (I.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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