1
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Cowan DB, Wu H, Chen H. Epsin Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041165. [PMID: 37217282 PMCID: PMC10759987 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligands and receptors are central regulators of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. In response to VEGF ligand binding, VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases initiate the chain of events that transduce extracellular signals into endothelial cell responses such as survival, proliferation, and migration. These events are controlled by intricate cellular processes that include the regulation of gene expression at multiple levels, interactions of numerous proteins, and intracellular trafficking of receptor-ligand complexes. Endocytic uptake and transport of macromolecular complexes through the endosome-lysosome system helps fine-tune endothelial cell responses to VEGF signals. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis remains the best understood means of macromolecular entry into cells, although the importance of non-clathrin-dependent pathways is increasingly recognized. Many of these endocytic events rely on adaptor proteins that coordinate internalization of activated cell-surface receptors. In the endothelium of both blood and lymphatic vessels, epsins 1 and 2 are functionally redundant adaptors involved in receptor endocytosis and intracellular sorting. These proteins are capable of binding both lipids and proteins and are important for promoting curvature of the plasma membrane as well as binding ubiquitinated cargo. Here, we discuss the role of epsin proteins and other endocytic adaptors in governing VEGF signaling in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and discuss their therapeutic potential as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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2
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Jain A, Ang PS, Matrongolo MJ, Tischfield MA. Understanding the development, pathogenesis, and injury response of meningeal lymphatic networks through the use of animal models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:332. [PMID: 37872442 PMCID: PMC11072018 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) help maintain central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis via their ability to facilitate macromolecule waste clearance and neuroimmune trafficking. Although these vessels were overlooked for centuries, they have now been characterized in humans, non-human primates, and rodents. Recent studies in mice have explored the stereotyped growth and expansion of MLVs in dura mater, the various transcriptional, signaling, and environmental factors regulating their development and long-term maintenance, and the pathological changes these vessels undergo in injury, disease, or with aging. Key insights gained from these studies have also been leveraged to develop therapeutic approaches that help augment or restore MLV functions to improve brain health and cognition. Here, we review fundamental processes that control the development of peripheral lymphatic networks and how these might apply to the growth and expansion of MLVs in their unique meningeal environment. We also emphasize key findings in injury and disease models that may reveal additional insights into the plasticity of these vessels throughout the lifespan. Finally, we highlight unanswered questions and future areas of study that can further reveal the exciting therapeutic potential of meningeal lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Jain
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Phillip S Ang
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Matthew J Matrongolo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Max A Tischfield
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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3
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Rego S, Sanchez G, Da Mesquita S. Current views on meningeal lymphatics and immunity in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37580702 PMCID: PMC10424377 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related form of dementia associated with the accumulation of pathological aggregates of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. These phenomena are accompanied by exacerbated inflammation and marked neuronal loss, which altogether contribute to accelerated cognitive decline. The multifactorial nature of AD, allied to our still limited knowledge of its etiology and pathophysiology, have lessened our capacity to develop effective treatments for AD patients. Over the last few decades, genome wide association studies and biomarker development, alongside mechanistic experiments involving animal models, have identified different immune components that play key roles in the modulation of brain pathology in AD, affecting its progression and severity. As we will relay in this review, much of the recent efforts have been directed to better understanding the role of brain innate immunity, and particularly of microglia. However, and despite the lack of diversity within brain resident immune cells, the brain border tissues, especially the meninges, harbour a considerable number of different types and subtypes of adaptive and innate immune cells. Alongside microglia, which have taken the centre stage as important players in AD research, there is new and exciting evidence pointing to adaptive immune cells, namely T and B cells found in the brain and its meninges, as important modulators of neuroinflammation and neuronal (dys)function in AD. Importantly, a genuine and functional lymphatic vascular network is present around the brain in the outermost meningeal layer, the dura. The meningeal lymphatics are directly connected to the peripheral lymphatic system in different mammalian species, including humans, and play a crucial role in preserving a "healthy" immune surveillance of the CNS, by shaping immune responses, not only locally at the meninges, but also at the level of the brain tissue. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive view on our current knowledge about the meningeal lymphatic vasculature, emphasizing its described roles in modulating CNS fluid and macromolecule drainage, meningeal and brain immunity, as well as glial and neuronal function in aging and in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Rego
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guadalupe Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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4
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Shen Z, Zhang P, Zhang W, Luo F, Xu H, Chen S, Kang M. IL-1RA inhibits esophageal carcinogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via downregulating VEGF-C and MMP9. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:164. [PMID: 37198330 PMCID: PMC10191916 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) has been shown to play an important role in cancer progression. However, its pathogenic effects and molecular mechanism in the malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain largely unknown. This study was designed to explore the function of IL-1RA in ESCC and determine the relationship between IL-1RA and lymph node metastasis in ESCC patients. The clinical relevance of IL-1RA in relation to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of 100 ESCC patients was analyzed. The function and underlying mechanisms of IL-1RA in the growth, invasion, and lymphatic metastasis in ESCC were explored both in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effect of anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, on ESCC was also evaluated in animal experiments. Downregulation of IL-1RA was observed in ESCC tissues and cells and was found to be strongly correlated with pathological stage (P = 0.034) and lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.038). Functional assays demonstrated that upregulation of IL-1RA reduced cell proliferation, migration, and lymphangiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that overexpression of IL-1RA activated the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the ESCC cells through activation of MMP9 and regulation of the expression and secretion of VEGF-C through the PI3K/NF-κB pathway. Anakinra treatment resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. IL-1RA inhibits lymph node metastasis of ESCC by regulating the EMT through activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9) and lymphangiogenesis, driven by VEGF-C and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Anakinra may be an effective drug for the inhibition of ESCC tumor formation and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Shuchen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.
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5
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Vuerich R, Groppa E, Vodret S, Ring NAR, Stocco C, Bossi F, Agostinis C, Cauteruccio M, Colliva A, Ramadan M, Simoncello F, Benvenuti F, Agnelli A, Dore F, Mazzarol F, Moretti M, Paulitti A, Palmisano S, De Manzini N, Chiesa M, Casaburo M, Raucci A, Lorizio D, Pompilio G, Bulla R, Papa G, Zacchigna S. Ischemic wound revascularization by the stromal vascular fraction relies on host-donor hybrid vessels. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:8. [PMID: 36774354 PMCID: PMC9922297 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhealing wounds place a significant burden on both quality of life of affected patients and health systems. Skin substitutes are applied to promote the closure of nonhealing wounds, although their efficacy is limited by inadequate vascularization. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from the adipose tissue is a promising therapy to overcome this limitation. Despite a few successful clinical trials, its incorporation in the clinical routine has been hampered by their inconsistent results. All these studies concluded by warranting pre-clinical work aimed at both characterizing the cell types composing the SVF and shedding light on their mechanism of action. Here, we established a model of nonhealing wound, in which we applied the SVF in combination with a clinical-grade skin substitute. We purified the SVF cells from transgenic animals to trace their fate after transplantation and observed that it gave rise to a mature vascular network composed of arteries, capillaries, veins, as well as lymphatics, structurally and functionally connected with the host circulation. Then we moved to a human-in-mouse model and confirmed that SVF-derived endothelial cells formed hybrid human-mouse vessels, that were stabilized by perivascular cells. Mechanistically, SVF-derived endothelial cells engrafted and expanded, directly contributing to the formation of new vessels, while a population of fibro-adipogenic progenitors stimulated the expansion of the host vasculature in a paracrine manner. These data have important clinical implications, as they provide a steppingstone toward the reproducible and effective adoption of the SVF as a standard care for nonhealing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Vuerich
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy ,grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Groppa
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy ,grid.5970.b0000 0004 1762 9868Present Address: Scuola Internazionale Studi Superiori Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Vodret
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Nadja Annelies Ruth Ring
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy ,Present Address: Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group SHoW—Senescence and Healing of Wounds, LBI Trauma, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Stocco
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ,grid.413694.dPlastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Ospedale di Cattinara, ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fleur Bossi
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Cauteruccio
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy ,grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Colliva
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ramadan
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Simoncello
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cellular Immunology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810Cellular Immunology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Agnelli
- grid.460062.60000000459364044Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Trieste—ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Franca Dore
- grid.460062.60000000459364044Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Trieste—ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Palmisano
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò De Manzini
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Raucci
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Lorizio
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Bulla
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Papa
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ,grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. .,Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
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Chen K, Mou R, Zhu P, Xu X, Wang H, Jiang L, Hu Y, Hu X, Ma L, Xiao Q, Xu Q. The Effect of Lymphangiogenesis in Transplant Arteriosclerosis. Circulation 2023; 147:482-497. [PMID: 36515099 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant arteriosclerosis is a major complication in long-term survivors of heart transplantation. Increased lymph flow from donor heart to host lymph nodes has been reported to play a role in transplant arteriosclerosis, but how lymphangiogenesis affects this process is unknown. METHODS Vascular allografts were transplanted among various combinations of mice, including wild-type, Lyve1-CreERT2;R26-tdTomato, CAG-Cre-tdTomato, severe combined immune deficiency, Ccr2KO, Foxn1KO, and lghm/lghdKO mice. Whole-mount staining and 3-dimensional reconstruction identified lymphatic vessels within the grafted arteries. Lineage tracing strategies delineated the cellular origin of lymphatic endothelial cells. Adeno-associated viral vectors and a selective inhibitor were used to regulate lymphangiogenesis. RESULTS Lymphangiogenesis within allograft vessels began at the anastomotic sites and extended from preexisting lymphatic vessels in the host. Tertiary lymphatic organs were identified in transplanted arteries at the anastomotic site and lymphatic vessels expressing CCL21 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 21) were associated with these immune structures. Fibroblasts in the vascular allografts released VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C), which stimulated lymphangiogenesis into the grafts. Inhibition of VEGF-C signaling inhibited lymphangiogenesis, neointima formation, and adventitial fibrosis of vascular allografts. These studies identified VEGF-C released from fibroblasts as a signal stimulating lymphangiogenesis extending from the host into the vascular allografts. CONCLUSIONS Formation of lymphatic vessels plays a key role in the immune response to vascular transplantation. The inhibition of lymphangiogenesis may be a novel approach to prevent transplant arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Mou
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Zhu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (H.W., Qingzhong Xiao)
| | - Liujun Jiang
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Cardiovascular Surgery (L.M.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (H.W., Qingzhong Xiao)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Departments of Cardiology (K.C., R.M., P.Z., X.X., L.J., Y.H., X.H., Qingbo Xu), the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Ortsäter H, Martinez-Corral I, Mäkinen T. Cdh5-lineage-independent origin of dermal lymphatics shown by temporally restricted lineage tracing. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201561. [PMID: 35961777 PMCID: PMC9375154 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporally restricted lineage tracing reveals a non-venous source of dermal lymphatic vessels and highlights Cre induction strategy as a critical parameter for stage-specific cell labeling. The developmental origins of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) have been under intense research after a century-long debate. Although previously thought to be of solely venous endothelial origin, additional sources of LECs were recently identified in multiple tissues in mice. Here, we investigated the regional differences in the origin(s) of the dermal lymphatic vasculature by lineage tracing using the pan-endothelial Cdh5-CreERT2 line. Tamoxifen-induced labeling of blood ECs at E9.5, before initiation of lymphatic development, traced most of the dermal LECs but with lower efficiency in the lumbar compared with the cervical skin. By contrast, when used at E9.5 but not at E11.5, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, the active metabolite of tamoxifen that provides a tighter window of Cre activity, revealed low labeling frequency of LECs, and lymphvasculogenic clusters in the lumbar skin in particular. Temporally restricted lineage tracing thus reveals contribution of LECs of Cdh5-lineage–independent origin to dermal lymphatic vasculature. Our results further highlight Cre induction strategy as a critical parameter in defining the temporal window for stage-specific lineage tracing during early developmental stages of rapid tissue differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Azzarito G, Visentin M, Leeners B, Dubey RK. Transcriptomic and Functional Evidence for Differential Effects of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell-Secretome on Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137192. [PMID: 35806196 PMCID: PMC9266834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular and lymphatic vessels drive breast cancer (BC) growth and metastasis. We assessed the cell growth (proliferation, migration, and capillary formation), gene-, and protein-expression profiles of Vascular Endothelial Cells (VECs) and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LECs) exposed to a conditioned medium (CM) from estrogen receptor-positive BC cells (MCF-7) in the presence or absence of Estradiol. We demonstrated that MCF-7-CM stimulated growth and capillary formation in VECs but inhibited LEC growth. Consistently, MCF-7-CM induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in VECs and inhibited them in LECs. Gene expression analysis revealed that the LECs were overall (≈10-fold) more sensitive to MCF-7-CM exposure than VECs. Growth/angiogenesis and cell cycle pathways were upregulated in VECs but downregulated in LECs. An angiogenesis proteome array confirmed the upregulation of 23 pro-angiogenesis proteins in VECs. In LECs, the expression of genes related to ATP synthesis and the ATP content were reduced by MCF-7-CM, whereas MTHFD2 gene, involved in folate metabolism and immune evasion, was upregulated. The contrasting effect of MCF-7-CM on the growth of VECs and LECs was reversed by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. The effect of MCF-7-CM on VEC growth was also reversed by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway. In conclusion, BC secretome may facilitate cancer cell survival and tumor growth by simultaneously promoting vascular angiogenesis and inhibiting lymphatic growth. The differential effects of BC secretome on LECs and VECs may be of pathophysiological relevance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Azzarito
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (G.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (G.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Raghvendra K. Dubey
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (G.A.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Das RN, Tevet Y, Safriel S, Han Y, Moshe N, Lambiase G, Bassi I, Nicenboim J, Brückner M, Hirsch D, Eilam-Altstadter R, Herzog W, Avraham R, Poss KD, Yaniv K. Generation of specialized blood vessels via lymphatic transdifferentiation. Nature 2022; 606:570-575. [PMID: 35614218 PMCID: PMC9875863 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The lineage and developmental trajectory of a cell are key determinants of cellular identity. In the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) of blood and lymphatic vessels differentiate and specialize to cater to the unique physiological demands of each organ1,2. Although lymphatic vessels were shown to derive from multiple cellular origins, lymphatic ECs (LECs) are not known to generate other cell types3,4. Here we use recurrent imaging and lineage-tracing of ECs in zebrafish anal fins, from early development to adulthood, to uncover a mechanism of specialized blood vessel formation through the transdifferentiation of LECs. Moreover, we demonstrate that deriving anal-fin vessels from lymphatic versus blood ECs results in functional differences in the adult organism, uncovering a link between cell ontogeny and functionality. We further use single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to characterize the different cellular populations and transition states involved in the transdifferentiation process. Finally, we show that, similar to normal development, the vasculature is rederived from lymphatics during anal-fin regeneration, demonstrating that LECs in adult fish retain both potency and plasticity for generating blood ECs. Overall, our research highlights an innate mechanism of blood vessel formation through LEC transdifferentiation, and provides in vivo evidence for a link between cell ontogeny and functionality in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra N. Das
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Corresponding Authors Karina Yaniv Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel, , Rudra N. Das Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel,
| | - Yaara Tevet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stav Safriel
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yanchao Han
- Duke Regeneration Center, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Noga Moshe
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giuseppina Lambiase
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ivan Bassi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julian Nicenboim
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matthias Brückner
- University of Muenster and Max Plank Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dana Hirsch
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Wiebke Herzog
- University of Muenster and Max Plank Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Roi Avraham
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Duke Regeneration Center, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Corresponding Authors Karina Yaniv Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel, , Rudra N. Das Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel,
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10
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Lenti E, Genovese L, Bianchessi S, Maurizio A, Sain SB, di Lillo A, Mattavelli G, Harel I, Bernassola F, Hehlgans T, Pfeffer K, Crosti M, Abrignani S, Evans SM, Sitia G, Guimarães-Camboa N, Russo V, van de Pavert SA, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Brendolan A. Fate mapping and scRNA sequencing reveal origin and diversity of lymph node stromal precursors. Immunity 2022; 55:606-622.e6. [PMID: 35358427 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) stromal cells play a crucial role in LN development and in supporting adaptive immune responses. However, their origin, differentiation pathways, and transcriptional programs are still elusive. Here, we used lineage-tracing approaches and single-cell transcriptome analyses to determine origin, transcriptional profile, and composition of LN stromal and endothelial progenitors. Our results showed that all major stromal cell subsets and a large proportion of blood endothelial cells originate from embryonic Hoxb6+ progenitors of the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), whereas lymphatic endothelial cells arise from Pax3+ progenitors of the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the existence of different Cd34+ and Cxcl13+ stromal cell subsets and showed that embryonic LNs contain proliferating progenitors possibly representing the amplifying populations for terminally differentiated cells. Taken together, our work identifies the earliest embryonic sources of LN stromal and endothelial cells and demonstrates that stromal diversity begins already during LN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lenti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Genovese
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bianchessi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Maurizio
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia di Lillo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Mattavelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Itamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Leibniz Institute of Immunotherapy (LIT), Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical, Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Science and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nuno Guimarães-Camboa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin (partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main), Germany
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serge A van de Pavert
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Andrea Brendolan
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Li CY, Brown S, Mehrara BJ, Kataru RP. Lymphatics in Tumor Progression and Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042127. [PMID: 35216243 PMCID: PMC8875298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system consists of a unidirectional hierarchy of vessels responsible for fluid homeostasis, lipid absorption, and the transport of immune cells and antigens to secondary lymphoid organs. In cancer, lymphatics play complex and heterogenous roles that can promote or inhibit tumor growth. While lymphatic proliferation and remodeling promote tumor dissemination, functional lymphatics are necessary for generating an effective immune response. Recent reports have noted lymphatic-dependent effects on the efficacy of immunotherapy. These findings suggest that the impact of lymphatic vessels on tumor progression is organ- and context-specific and that a greater understanding of the interaction of tumor cells, lymphatics, and the tumor microenvironment can unveil novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raghu P. Kataru
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-646-888-3201; Fax: +01-646-888-3200
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12
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Senchukova MA. Issues of origin, morphology and clinical significance of tumor microvessels in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8262-8282. [PMID: 35068869 PMCID: PMC8717017 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a serious oncological problem, ranking third in the structure of mortality from malignant neoplasms. Improving treatment outcomes for this pathology largely depends on understanding the pathogenesis and biological characteristics of GC, including the identification and characterization of diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic biomarkers. It is known that the main cause of death from malignant neoplasms and GC, in particular, is tumor metastasis. Given that angiogenesis is a critical process for tumor growth and metastasis, it is now considered an important marker of disease prognosis and sensitivity to anticancer therapy. In the presented review, modern concepts of the mechanisms of tumor vessel formation and the peculiarities of their morphology are considered; data on numerous factors influencing the formation of tumor microvessels and their role in GC progression are summarized; and various approaches to the classification of tumor vessels, as well as the methods for assessing angiogenesis activity in a tumor, are highlighted. Here, results from studies on the prognostic and predictive significance of tumor microvessels in GC are also discussed, and a new classification of tumor microvessels in GC, based on their morphology and clinical significance, is proposed for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460021, Russia
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13
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Chen JM, Luo B, Ma R, Luo XX, Chen YS, Li Y. Lymphatic Endothelial Markers and Tumor Lymphangiogenesis Assessment in Human Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010004. [PMID: 35054174 PMCID: PMC8774380 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis via lymphatic vessels or blood vessels is the leading cause of death for breast cancer, and lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are critical prerequisites for the tumor invasion–metastasis cascade. The research progress for tumor lymphangiogenesis has tended to lag behind that for angiogenesis due to the lack of specific markers. With the discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers, growing evidence demonstrates that the LEC plays an active role in lymphatic formation and remodeling, tumor cell growth, invasion and intravasation, tumor–microenvironment remodeling, and antitumor immunity. However, some studies have drawn controversial conclusions due to the variation in the LEC markers and lymphangiogenesis assessments used. In this study, we review recent findings on tumor lymphangiogenesis, the most commonly used LEC markers, and parameters for lymphangiogenesis assessments, such as the lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic vessel invasion in human breast cancer. An in-depth understanding of tumor lymphangiogenesis and LEC markers can help to illustrate the mechanisms and distinct roles of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer progression, which will help in exploring novel potential predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Chen
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
| | - Bo Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China;
| | - Ru Ma
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China;
| | - Xi-Xi Luo
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
| | - Yong-Shun Chen
- Center of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (J.-M.C.); (X.-X.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-027-88048911 (Y.-S.C.); +86-010-63926525 (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China;
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-027-88048911 (Y.-S.C.); +86-010-63926525 (Y.L.)
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14
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He M, He Q, Cai X, Chen Z, Lao S, Deng H, Liu X, Zheng Y, Liu X, Liu J, Xie Z, Yao M, Liang W, He J. Role of lymphatic endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment-a narrative review of recent advances. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2252-2277. [PMID: 34164274 PMCID: PMC8182726 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background As lymphatic vessel is a major route for solid tumor metastasis, they are considered an essential part of tumor drainage conduits. Apart from forming the walls of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) have been found to play multiple other roles in the tumor microenvironment, calling for a more in-depth review. We hope that this review may help researchers gain a detailed understanding of this fast-developing field and shed some light upon future research. Methods To achieve an informative review of recent advance, we carefully searched the Medline database for English literature that are openly published from the January 1995 to December 2020 and covered the topic of LEC or lymphangiogenesis in tumor progression and therapies. Two different authors independently examined the literature abstracts to exclude possible unqualified ones, and 310 papers with full texts were finally retrieved. Results In this paper, we discussed the structural and molecular basis of tumor-associated LECs, together with their roles in tumor metastasis and drug therapy. We then focused on their impacts on tumor cells, tumor stroma, and anti-tumor immunity, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. Special emphasis on lung cancer and possible therapeutic targets based on LECs were also discussed. Conclusions LECs can play a much more complex role than simply forming conduits for tumor cell dissemination. Therapies targeting tumor-associated lymphatics for lung cancer and other tumors are promising, but more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zisheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Shen Lao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First People Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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das Neves SP, Delivanoglou N, Da Mesquita S. CNS-Draining Meningeal Lymphatic Vasculature: Roles, Conundrums and Future Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655052. [PMID: 33995074 PMCID: PMC8113819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A genuine and functional lymphatic vascular system is found in the meninges that sheath the central nervous system (CNS). This unexpected (re)discovery led to a reevaluation of CNS fluid and solute drainage mechanisms, neuroimmune interactions and the involvement of meningeal lymphatics in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the development, morphology and unique functional features of meningeal lymphatics. An outline of the different factors that affect meningeal lymphatic function, such as growth factor signaling and aging, and their impact on the continuous drainage of brain-derived molecules and meningeal immune cells into the cervical lymph nodes is also provided. We also highlight the most recent discoveries about the roles of the CNS-draining lymphatic vasculature in different pathologies that have a strong neuroinflammatory component, including brain trauma, tumors, and aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Lastly, we provide a critical appraisal of the conundrums, challenges and exciting questions involving the meningeal lymphatic system that ought to be investigated in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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16
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Gupta A, Rarick KR, Ramchandran R. Established, New and Emerging Concepts in Brain Vascular Development. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636736. [PMID: 33643074 PMCID: PMC7907611 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the state of our knowledge as it relates to embryonic brain vascular patterning in model systems zebrafish and mouse. We focus on the origins of endothelial cell and the distinguishing features of brain endothelial cells compared to non-brain endothelial cells, which is revealed by single cell RNA-sequencing methodologies. We also discuss the cross talk between brain endothelial cells and neural stem cells, and their effect on each other. In terms of mechanisms, we focus exclusively on Wnt signaling and the recent developments associated with this signaling network in brain vascular patterning, and the benefits and challenges associated with strategies for targeting the brain vasculature. We end the review with a discussion on the emerging areas of meningeal lymphatics, endothelial cilia biology and novel cerebrovascular structures identified in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Research Institute (CRI), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kevin R. Rarick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Children’s Research Institute (CRI), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Research Institute (CRI), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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