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Van Vossel K, Hardeel J, Van der Stede T, Weyns A, Boone J, Blemker SS, Derave W, Lievens E. Influence of intramuscular steroid receptor content and fiber capillarization on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14668. [PMID: 38802727 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Multiple intramuscular variables have been proposed to explain the high variability in resistance training induced muscle hypertrophy across humans. This study investigated if muscular androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) content and fiber capillarization are associated with fiber and whole-muscle hypertrophy after chronic resistance training. Male (n = 11) and female (n = 10) resistance training novices (22.1 ± 2.2 years) trained their knee extensors 3×/week for 10 weeks. Vastus lateralis biopsies were taken at baseline and post the training period to determine changes in fiber type specific cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber capillarization by immunohistochemistry and, intramuscular AR, ERα and ERβ content by Western blotting. Vastus lateralis volume was quantified by MRI-based 3D segmentation. Vastus lateralis muscle volume significantly increased over the training period (+7.22%; range: -1.82 to +18.8%, p < 0.0001) but no changes occurred in all fiber (+1.64%; range: -21 to +34%, p = 0.869), type I fiber (+1.33%; range: -24 to +41%, p = 0.952) and type II fiber CSA (+2.19%; range: -23 to +29%, p = 0.838). However, wide inter-individual ranges were found. Resistance training increased the protein expression of ERα but not ERβ and AR, and the increase in ERα content was positively related to changes in fiber CSA. Only for the type II fibers, the baseline capillary-to-fiber-perimeter index was positively related to type II fiber hypertrophy but not to whole muscle responsiveness. In conclusion, an upregulation of ERα content and an adequate initial fiber capillarization may be contributing factors implicated in muscle fiber hypertrophy responsiveness after chronic resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Van Vossel
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Hardeel
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thibaux Van der Stede
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anneleen Weyns
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Boone
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Salinas Blemker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Springbok Analytics, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eline Lievens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rodriguez LA, Liu Y, Soedirdjo SDH, Thakur B, Dhaher YY. Oral Contraception Use and Musculotendinous Injury in Young Female Patients: A Database Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:511-519. [PMID: 37890119 PMCID: PMC10922414 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to characterize the effect of sex and the influence of oral contraception usage on musculotendinous injury (MTI). Current literature suggests a disparity in the incidence of MTI between males and females. This may be attributed to inherent biological differences between the sexes, such as in the sex hormonal milieu. There is a lack of information associating sex hormone milieu and MTI. METHODS We searched the PearlDiver database (a for-fee healthcare database) for males, females taking oral contraceptives (OC), and eumenorrheic females not taking any form of hormonal contraceptives (non-OC) 18-39 yr old. The three populations were matched by age and body mass index. We queried the database for lower-extremity skeletal MTI diagnoses in these groups. RESULTS Each group contained 42,267 patients with orthopedic injuries. There were a total of 1476 (3.49%) skeletal MTI in the male group, 1078 (2.55%) in non-OC females, and 231 (0.55%) in OC females. Both the non-OC and the OC groups had a significantly smaller proportion of MTI than males ( P < 0.0001), and therefore these groups were less likely (adjusted odds ratios, 0.72 and 0.15, respectively) to experience MTI when controlled for potential covariates. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that females are less likely to develop MTI to total injuries, when compared with males, with OC using females being least likely followed by non-OC females. These results are consistent with other epidemiological studies; however, overall results in the literature are variable. This study adds to the emerging body of literature on sex hormone-influenced musculoskeletal injury but, more specifically, MTI, which have not been rigorously investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yida Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Bhaskar Thakur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yasin Y. Dhaher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Nolan D, McNulty KL, Manninen M, Egan B. The Effect of Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy, Power and Strength Adaptations to Resistance Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:105-125. [PMID: 37755666 PMCID: PMC10798924 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise training is widely used by general and athletic populations to increase skeletal muscle hypertrophy, power and strength. Endogenous sex hormones influence various bodily functions, including possibly exercise performance, and may influence adaptive changes in response to exercise training. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use modulates the profile of endogenous sex hormones, and therefore, there is increasing interest in the impact, if any, of HC use on adaptive responses to resistance exercise training. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to provide a quantitative synthesis of the effect of HC use on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, power and strength adaptations in response to resistance exercise training. METHODS A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted on experimental studies which directly compared skeletal muscle hypertrophy, power and strength adaptations following resistance exercise training in hormonal contraceptive users and non-users conducted before July 2023. The search using the online databases PUBMED, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Embase and other supplementary search strategies yielded 4669 articles, with 8 articles (54 effects and 325 participants) meeting the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the "Tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise". RESULTS All included studies investigated the influence of oral contraceptive pills (OCP), with no study including participants using other forms of HC. The articles were analysed using a meta-analytic multilevel maximum likelihood estimator model. The results indicate that OCP use does not have a significant effect on hypertrophy [0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) [- 0.11, 0.13], t = 0.14, p = 0.90), power (- 0.04, 95% CI [- 0.93, 0.84], t = - 0.29, p = 0.80) or strength (0.10, 95% CI [- 0.08, 0.28], t = 1.48, p = 0.20). DISCUSSION Based on the present analysis, there is no evidence-based rationale to advocate for or against the use of OCPs in females partaking in resistance exercise training to increase hypertrophy, power and/or strength. Rather, an individualised approach considering an individual's response to OCPs, their reasons for use and menstrual cycle history may be more appropriate. REGISTRATION The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID number and hyperlink: CRD42022365677).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nolan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kelly L McNulty
- Sport, Health & Exercise (SHE) Research Group, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
- UPMC Sports Medicine and UPMC Institute for Health, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Ireland
| | - Mika Manninen
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- Florida Institute of Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA.
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D'Souza AC, Wageh M, Williams JS, Colenso-Semple LM, McCarthy DG, McKay AKA, Elliott-Sale KJ, Burke LM, Parise G, MacDonald MJ, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Menstrual cycle hormones and oral contraceptives: a multimethod systems physiology-based review of their impact on key aspects of female physiology. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1284-1299. [PMID: 37823207 PMCID: PMC10979803 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00346.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes around ovulation divide the menstrual cycle (MC) into the follicular and luteal phases. In addition, oral contraceptives (OCs) have active (higher hormone) and placebo phases. Although there are some MC-based effects on various physiological outcomes, we found these differences relatively subtle and difficult to attribute to specific hormones, as estrogen and progesterone fluctuate rather than operating in a complete on/off pattern as observed in cellular or preclinical models often used to substantiate human data. A broad review reveals that the differences between the follicular and luteal phases and between OC active and placebo phases are not associated with marked differences in exercise performance and appear unlikely to influence muscular hypertrophy in response to resistance exercise training. A systematic review and meta-analysis of substrate oxidation between MC phases revealed no difference between phases in the relative carbohydrate and fat oxidation at rest and during acute aerobic exercise. Vascular differences between MC phases are also relatively small or nonexistent. Although OCs can vary in composition and androgenicity, we acknowledge that much more work remains to be done in this area; however, based on what little evidence is currently available, we do not find compelling support for the notion that OC use significantly influences exercise performance, substrate oxidation, or hypertrophy. It is important to note that the study of females requires better methodological control in many areas. Previous studies lacking such rigor have contributed to premature or incorrect conclusions regarding the effects of the MC and systemic hormones on outcomes. While we acknowledge that the evidence in certain research areas is limited, the consensus view is that the impact of the MC and OC use on various aspects of physiology is small or nonexistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha C D'Souza
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mai Wageh
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Devin G McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alannah K A McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang J, Cheng Y, Chen C, Wang Q, Yang C, Qiu J, Li J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhao Y. Interaction of estradiol and vitamin D with low skeletal muscle mass among middle-aged and elderly women. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:491. [PMID: 37715186 PMCID: PMC10502989 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the connection between muscle atrophy and vitamin D and estradiol status ambiguous, this study was thus conducted to determine whether low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in middle-aged and elderly women was affected by estradiol and vitamin D levels together. METHODS Baseline data from a sub-cohort of the China Northwest Natural Population Cohort: Ningxia Project (CNC-NX) were analyzed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and estradiol were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Bivariate logistic regression and multiplicative interaction analyses were used to assess the impact of estradiol level and vitamin D status on low SMM, as well as the combined impact of estradiol and low vitamin D status on low SMM. RESULTS A total of 287 (9.49%) participants had low SMM, which had lower levels of estradiol and vitamin D concentration than normal SMM group. While, after adjusting the confounding variables, these correlations were maintained in estradiol Q1, Q2, Q3 and vitamin D Q1. Furthermore, the significant combined effect of the highest quartile of estradiol concentrations and non-vitamin D deficiency, and interactions between vitamin D Q1 and estradiol Q2, vitamin D Q1 and estradiol Q3, vitamin D Q2 and estradiol Q1, vitamin D Q3 and estradiol Q3 on low SMM were stably reflected (P for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Estradiol and vitamin D were interrelated with low SMM in middle-aged and elderly women. Combination of estradiol and vitamin D supplements should be encouraged for middle-aged and elderly women who are at risk of muscle atrophy or experiencing muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yalong Cheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Public Health, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia China
| | - Qingan Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia China
| | - Chan Yang
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Qiu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia China
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Wen Z, Gu J, Chen R, Wang Q, Ding N, Meng L, Wang X, Liu H, Sheng Z, Zheng H. Handgrip Strength and Muscle Quality: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093184. [PMID: 37176623 PMCID: PMC10179381 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) and the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) are important determinants of sarcopenia. Muscle quality (MQ) is a measure of muscle strength relative to muscle mass. We examined trends in handgrip strength, the appendicular lean mass index, and analyzed their relationship with age, anthropometry, and body composition in a sample of participants in the United States (US). METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 14,741 US males (49.7%) and females (50.3%) 6-80 years old who responded to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure appendicular skeletal muscle mass. HGS was evaluated using the Takei Digital Grip Strength Dynamometer. Smoothed normative curves for HGS and the ALMI were constructed using a generalized additive model. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine associations of HGS and the ALMI with age, nutrition-related factors, physical activity, and body composition. RESULTS Mean HGS and the ALMI declined with advancing age. While mean HGS increased with the ALMI, it decreased with the fat mass index. HGS increased in males with an increase in body mass index, energy intake, the ALMI, and vitamins; however, HGS in females increased with albumin, but it had a negative association with the fat mass index and age, but not with increasing adiposity. CONCLUSIONS HGS and the ALMI change with age: HGS increases with age, then stabilizes and declines; the ALMI increases with age, then stabilizes. In addition, we provide evidence for the effect of anthropometry, nutrition, physical activity, and body composition on HGS and the ALMI in US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxin Wen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 116 Changjiang South Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Jiaxuan Gu
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Lifesciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Street, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qinyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Na Ding
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 116 Changjiang South Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Lingqiong Meng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiangbing Wang
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 116 Changjiang South Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zhifeng Sheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Houfeng Zheng
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Lifesciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Street, Hangzhou 310024, China
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7
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Lanng SK, Oxfeldt M, Pedersen SS, Johansen FT, Risikesan J, Lejel T, Bertram HC, Hansen M. Influence of protein source (cricket, pea, whey) on amino acid bioavailability and activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway after resistance exercise in healthy young males. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1295-1308. [PMID: 36536114 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE New dietary proteins are currently introduced to replace traditional animal protein sources. However, not much is known about their bioaccessibility and ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis compared to the traditional protein sources. We aimed to compare effects of ingesting a protein bolus (0.25 g/kg fat free mass) of either cricket (insect), pea, or whey protein on circulating amino acid levels and activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle at rest and after exercise. METHODS In a randomized parallel controlled trial, young males (n = 50) performed a one-legged resistance exercise followed by ingestion of one of the three protein sources. Blood samples were collected before and in the following 4 h after exercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline and after 3 h from the non-exercised and exercised leg. RESULTS Analysis of blood serum showed a significantly higher concentration of amino acids after ingestion of whey protein compared to cricket and pea protein. No difference between protein sources in activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway was observed either at rest or after exercise. CONCLUSION Amino acid blood concentration after protein ingestion was higher for whey than pea and cricket protein, whereas activation of mTORC1 signaling pathway at rest and after exercise did not differ between protein sources. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.org ID NCT04633694.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Kaas Lanng
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Oxfeldt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jeyanthini Risikesan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Diabetes and Hormones Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Trine Lejel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Regional Hospital Horsens, 8700, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Dam TV, Dalgaard LB, Johansen FT, Bengtsen MB, Mose M, Lauritsen KM, Gravholt CH, Hansen M. Effects of transdermal estrogen therapy on satellite cell number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in early postmenopausal women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:667-681. [PMID: 36585491 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of resistance training with or without transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) on satellite cell (SC) number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy in early postmenopausal women. METHODS Using a double-blinded randomized controlled design, we allocated healthy, untrained postmenopausal women to perform 12 weeks of resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or ET (n = 15). Muscle biopsies obtained before and after the intervention, and two hours after the last training session were analyzed for fiber type, SC number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy and degradation (real-time PCR, western blotting). RESULTS The analysis of SCs per Type I fiber showed a time x treatment interaction caused by a 47% decrease in PLC, and a 26% increase after ET after the training period. Also, SCs per Type II fiber area was lower after the intervention driven by a 57% decrease in PLC. Most molecular markers changed similarly in the two groups. CONCLUSION A decline in SC per muscle fiber was observed after the 12-week training period in postmenopausal women, which was counteracted when combined with use of transdermal ET. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER nct03020953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Vrist Dam
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line Barner Dalgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frank Ted Johansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads Bisgaard Bengtsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maike Mose
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Meyer Lauritsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus H Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Mitoma T, Maki J, Ooba H, Eto E, Takahashi K, Kondo T, Ikeda T, Sakamoto Y, Mitsuhashi T, Masuyama H. Protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial on the effect of oestrogen replacement on physical performance to muscle resistance exercise for older women with osteoarthritis of knee joint: the EPOK trial. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:104. [PMID: 36800940 PMCID: PMC9938988 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is highly prevalent in older women, and previous studies suggest the involvement of hormonal factors play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. KOA causes musculoskeletal impairment, resulting in decreased physical activity, muscle mass, and strength, which leads to sarcopenia and further increases the burden on healthcare systems. Oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) improves joint pain and muscle performance in early menopausal women. Muscle resistance exercise (MRE) is a non-pharmacological method that preserves the physical functions of patients with KOA. However, data on short-term oestrogen administration combined with MRE in postmenopausal women, especially in those aged > 65 years, are limited. Therefore, this study presents a protocol of a trial aimed to examine the synergistic effect of ERT and MRE on lower-limb physical performance in older women with KOA. METHODS We will conduct a double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial in 80 Japanese women aged > 65 years living independently with knee pain. The participants will be randomly categorised into two groups: (1) 12-week MRE programme with transdermal oestrogen gel containing 0.54 mg oestradiol per push and (2) 12-week MRE programme with placebo gel. The primary outcome measured using the 30-s chair stand test, and secondary outcomes (body composition, lower-limb muscle strength, physical performance, self-reported measure of knee pain, and quality of life) will be measured at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months, and these outcomes will be analysed based on the intention-to-treat. DISCUSSION The EPOK trial is the first study to focus on the efficacy of ERT on MRE among women aged > 65 years with KOA. This trial will provide an effective MRE to prevent KOA-induced lower-limb muscle weakness, confirming the benefit of short-term oestrogen administration. TRIAL REGISTRATION Japan Registry of Clinical Trials: jRCTs061210062. Registered 17th December 2021, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs061210062 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Mitoma
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jota Maki
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ooba
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eriko Eto
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kasumi Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochiai Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsunemasa Kondo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochiai Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ikeda
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Sakamoto
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Masuyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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10
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Landen S, Hiam D, Voisin S, Jacques M, Lamon S, Eynon N. Physiological and molecular sex differences in human skeletal muscle in response to exercise training. J Physiol 2023; 601:419-434. [PMID: 34762308 DOI: 10.1113/jp279499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in exercise physiology, such as substrate metabolism and skeletal muscle fatigability, stem from inherent biological factors, including endogenous hormones and genetics. Studies investigating exercise physiology frequently include only males or do not take sex differences into consideration. Although there is still an underrepresentation of female participants in exercise research, existing studies have identified sex differences in physiological and molecular responses to exercise training. The observed sex differences in exercise physiology are underpinned by the sex chromosome complement, sex hormones and, on a molecular level, the epigenome and transcriptome. Future research in the field should aim to include both sexes, control for menstrual cycle factors, conduct large-scale and ethnically diverse studies, conduct meta-analyses to consolidate findings from various studies, leverage unique cohorts (such as post-menopausal, transgender, and those with sex chromosome abnormalities), as well as integrate tissue and cell-specific -omics data. This knowledge is essential for developing deeper insight into sex-specific physiological responses to exercise training, thus directing future exercise physiology studies and practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Roles of Estrogen, Estrogen Receptors, and Estrogen-Related Receptors in Skeletal Muscle: Regulation of Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031853. [PMID: 36768177 PMCID: PMC9916347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is an essential sex steroid hormone that functions primarily in female reproductive system, as well as in a variety of tissues and organs with pleiotropic effects, such as in cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and musculoskeletal systems. Women with low estrogen, as exemplified by those in postmenopause, are therefore prone to suffer from various disorders, i.e., cardiovascular disease, dementia, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty, and so on. Estrogen regulates the expression of its target genes by binding to its cognate receptors, estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β. Notably, the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) α, β, and γ are originally identified as orphan receptors that share substantial structural homology and common transcriptional targets with ERs. Accumulating evidence suggests that ERs and ERRs play crucial roles in skeletal muscles, such as muscle mass maintenance, muscle exercise physiology, and muscle regeneration. In this article, we review potential regulatory roles of ERs and ERRs in muscle physiology, particularly with regard to mitochondrial function and metabolism.
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12
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Hung YL, Sato A, Takino Y, Ishigami A, Machida S. Influence of oestrogen on satellite cells and myonuclear domain size in skeletal muscles following resistance exercise. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2525-2536. [PMID: 35818664 PMCID: PMC9530499 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen deficiency reduces skeletal muscle mass and force generation in postmenopausal women. Muscle mass is maintained by satellite cells, which are regulated by oestrogen. Although oestrogen therapy enhances muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training in postmenopausal women, the molecular mechanism is unclear. METHODS Adult female rats (10 weeks old) were divided into six groups: sham sedentary (Sham-Sed), sham climbing training (Sham-CT), ovariectomy sedentary (OVX-Sed), ovariectomy climbing training (OVX-CT), ovariectomy plus oestrogen treatment sedentary (OVX+E-Sed), and ovariectomy plus oestrogen treatment climbing training (OVX+E-CT). At 8 weeks after ovariectomy, rats in the training group were trained (one session every 3 days for 8 weeks) to climb a ladder while bearing a load. Oestrogen treatment involved subcutaneous insertion of a 17β-oestradiol pellet. After 8 weeks, the flexor hallucis longus muscle was collected and analysed. RESULTS Following climbing training, the flexor hallucis longus muscle mass and muscle-to-body weight ratios were dramatically increased by training (main effect of training, P < 0.01); the OVX+E-CT group showed the highest values (main effect of group, P < 0.01). The cross-sectional area of all muscle fibre types was increased by training (main effect of training, P < 0.01). Particularly, the cross-sectional area of MHC IIa in the OVX+E-CT group was significantly larger than that in the Sham-CT and OVX-CT groups. Satellite cell numbers were increased in all training groups (main effect of training, P < 0.05), and the myonuclear number was increased by training (main effect of training, P < 0.01), but there was no main group effect. The myonuclear domain size of all muscle fibre types and MHC IIa was increased in all training groups (main effect of training, P < 0.01) and showed a main group effect (P < 0.01). The myonuclear domain sizes of all muscle fibre types and MHC IIa in the OVX+E-CT group were significantly larger than those in the Sham-CT and OVX-CT groups. The total RNA contents revealed main effects of training and the group (P < 0.01); the OVX+E-CT group showed the highest contents (main effect of group, P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of rpS6 were increased in the OVX+E-Sed and CT groups (main effects of group, P < 0.05). Particularly, the 28S ribosomal RNA content in OVX+E-Sed group was significantly higher than that in the OVX-Sed group. CONCLUSIONS Oestrogen enhanced the resistance training-induced increase in myonuclear domain size but did not affect satellite cells and ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Li Hung
- Institute of Health and Sports & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayami Sato
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Takino
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Institute of Health and Sports & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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13
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de Magalhães ACL, Carvalho VF, da Cruz SP, Ramalho A. Dose-Response Relationship of Resistance Training on Metabolic Phenotypes, Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Menopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10369. [PMID: 36012004 PMCID: PMC9408617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between volume training of resistance training (RT), body composition and cardiometabolic profile in menopausal women is poorly understand. This study aimed to evaluate the dose−response relationship of RT on lipid profile, body composition and metabolic phenotypes in menopausal women. A total of 31 women were categorized according to different volume of RT. Body composition was evaluated by DEXA and the cardiometabolic risk by metabolic phenotypes and lipid profile. There was a higher frequency of metabolically unhealthy phenotype in women who practiced RT for less than two years and had a weekly frequency lower than three days a week (p > 0.05). Women with more than two years and a higher weekly frequency of RT had lower trunk fat mass than their counterparties (15.33 ± 7.56 versus 10.57 ± 4.87, p = 0.04; 16.31 ± 7.46 versus 10.98 ± 5.49, p = 0.03, respectively). There was an association between HDL-c and time of RT in years. A moderate correlation was identified between variables of body adiposity, time in years and weekly frequency of RT. The present study concludes that more time in years and weekly frequency of RT practice are associated with lower body adiposity in menopausal women, the first also being associated with HDL-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Leocadio de Magalhães
- Center of Micronutrients Researche, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil
| | - Vilma Fernandes Carvalho
- Center of Micronutrients Researche, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil
- Kinanthropometry Laboratory, Belo Horizonte Campus, Salgado de Oliveira University, Belo Horizonte 30170, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Pereira da Cruz
- Center of Micronutrients Researche, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Center of Micronutrients Researche, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil
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14
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Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function. Sports Med 2022; 52:2853-2869. [PMID: 35907119 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and enhanced post-damage repair via various mechanisms, including prophylactic effects on muscle satellite cell number and function, as well as membrane stability and potential antioxidant influences following injury, exercise, and/or mitochondrial stress. In addition to estrogen replacement in otherwise deficient states, exercise has been found to serve as a means of augmenting and/or mimicking the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle function in recent literature. Detailed mechanisms behind the estrogenic effect on muscle mass, strength, as well as the injury response are beginning to be elucidated and point to estrogen-mediated molecular cross talk amongst signalling pathways, such as apoptotic signaling, contractile protein modifications, including myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, and the maintenance of muscle satellite cells. This review discusses current understandings and highlights new insights regarding the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle, with particular regard to muscle mass, mitochondrial function, the response to muscle damage, and the potential implications for human physiology and mobility.
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15
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O'Bryan SM, Connor KR, Drummer DJ, Lavin KM, Bamman MM. Considerations for Sex-Cognizant Research in Exercise Biology and Medicine. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:903992. [PMID: 35721874 PMCID: PMC9204149 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.903992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the fields of kinesiology, exercise science, and human movement developed, the majority of the research focused on male physiology and extrapolated findings to females. In the medical sphere, basing practice on data developed in only males resulted in the removal of drugs from the market in the late 1990s due to severe side effects (some life-threatening) in females that were not observed in males. In response to substantial evidence demonstrating exercise-induced health benefits, exercise is often promoted as a key modality in disease prevention, management, and rehabilitation. However, much like the early days of drug development, a historical literature knowledge base of predominantly male studies may leave the exercise field vulnerable to overlooking potentially key biological differences in males and females that may be important to consider in prescribing exercise (e.g., how exercise responses may differ between sexes and whether there are optimal approaches to consider for females that differ from conventional approaches that are based on male physiology). Thus, this review will discuss anatomical, physiological, and skeletal muscle molecular differences that may contribute to sex differences in exercise responses, as well as clinical considerations based on this knowledge in athletic and general populations over the continuum of age. Finally, this review summarizes the current gaps in knowledge, highlights the areas ripe for future research, and considerations for sex-cognizant research in exercise fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M. O'Bryan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kathleen R. Connor
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Devin J. Drummer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kaleen M. Lavin
- The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Marcas M. Bamman
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16
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Oxfeldt M, Dalgaard LB, Farup J, Hansen M. Sex Hormones and Satellite Cell Regulation in Women. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9065923. [PMID: 38655160 PMCID: PMC11022763 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9065923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have seen growing scholarly interest in female physiology in general. Moreover, particular attention has been devoted to how concentrations of female sex hormones vary during the menstrual cycle and menopausal transition and how hormonal contraception and hormonal therapy influence skeletal muscle tissue. While much effort has been paid to macro outcomes, such as muscle function or mass, rather less attention has been paid to mechanistic work that may help explain the underlying mechanism through which sex hormones regulate skeletal muscle tissue. Evidence from animal studies shows a strong relationship between the female sex hormone estrogen and satellite cells (SCs), a population of muscle stem cells involved in skeletal muscle regulation. A few human studies investigating this relationship have been published only recently. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bring an updated review on female sex hormones and their role in SC regulation. First, we describe how SCs regulate skeletal muscle maintenance and repair and introduce sex hormone signaling within the muscle. Second, we present evidence from animal studies elucidating how estrogen deficiency and supplementation influence SCs. Third, we present results from investigations from human trials including women whose concentrations of female hormones differ due to menopause, hormone therapy, hormonal contraceptives, and the menstrual cycle. Finally, we discuss research and methodological recommendations for future studies aiming at elucidating the link between female sex hormones and SCs with respect to aging and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Oxfeldt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Samad N, Nguyen HH, Hashimura H, Pasco J, Kotowicz M, Strauss BJ, Ebeling PR, Milat F, Vincent AJ. Abnormal Trabecular Bone Score, Lower Bone Mineral Density and Lean Mass in Young Women With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Are Prevented by Oestrogen Replacement. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860853. [PMID: 35663323 PMCID: PMC9162038 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low bone density (BMD) and fractures commonly affect women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, bone microarchitecture and body composition data are lacking. OBJECTIVE To assess and characterise musculoskeletal phenotype and effects of oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women with POI. METHOD Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of 60 normal karyotype women with POI, aged 20-40 years, from 2005-2018. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived spinal (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD, trabecular bone score (TBS), appendicular lean mass (ALM), total fat mass (TFM), and fracture prevalence were compared with 60 age-, and BMI-matched population-based controls. Longitudinal changes in bone and body composition variables and ERT effects were analysed using linear mixed models over a median duration of 6 years. RESULTS Women with POI were subdivided into spontaneous (s)-POI (n=25) and iatrogenic (i)-POI (n=35). Median(range) age of POI diagnosis was 34 (10-40) years with baseline DXA performed at median 1(0-13) year post-diagnosis. ERT was used by 82% women (similar for both POI groups). FN-BMD were lowest in s-POI (p<0.002). Low TBS was more common in s-POI [(44%), p=0.03], versus other groups. LS-BMD and ALM were lower in both s-POI and i-POI groups than controls (p<0.05). Fracture prevalence was not significantly different: 20% (s-POI), 17% (i-POI), and 8% (controls) (p=0.26). Longitudinal analysis of 23 POI women showed regular ERT was associated with ALM increment of 127.05 g/year (p<0.001) and protected against bone loss. However, ERT interruption was associated with annual reductions in FN BMD and TBS of 0.020g/cm2 and 0.0070 (p<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION Deficits in BMD, trabecular microarchitecture, and lean mass were present in women with POI. However, regular ERT protected against declines in bone variables, with an increase in ALM. Assessment of skeletal and muscle health, and advocating ERT adherence, is essential in POI to optimise musculoskeletal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navira Samad
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hanh H. Nguyen
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hikaru Hashimura
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie Pasco
- IMPACT - Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Kotowicz
- IMPACT - Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Boyd J. Strauss
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R. Ebeling
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances Milat
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Vincent
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Amanda J. Vincent, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-7266
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18
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Shatavari Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women Improves Handgrip Strength and Increases Vastus lateralis Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation but Does Not Alter Markers of Bone Turnover. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124282. [PMID: 34959836 PMCID: PMC8708006 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shatavari has long been used as an Ayurvedic herb for women's health, but empirical evidence for its effectiveness has been lacking. Shatavari contains phytoestrogenic compounds that bind to the estradiol receptor. Postmenopausal estradiol deficiency contributes to sarcopenia and osteoporosis. In a randomised double-blind trial, 20 postmenopausal women (68.5 ± 6 years) ingested either placebo (N = 10) or shatavari (N = 10; 1000 mg/d, equivalent to 26,500 mg/d fresh weight shatavari) for 6 weeks. Handgrip and knee extensor strength were measured at baseline and at 6 weeks. Vastus lateralis (VL) biopsy samples were obtained. Data are presented as difference scores (Week 6-baseline, median ± interquartile range). Handgrip (but not knee extensor) strength was improved by shatavari supplementation (shatavari +0.7 ± 1.1 kg, placebo -0.4 ± 1.3 kg; p = 0.04). Myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, a known marker of improved myosin contractile function, was increased in VL following shatavari supplementation (immunoblotting; placebo -0.08 ± 0.5 a.u., shatavari +0.3 ± 1 arbitrary units (a.u.); p = 0.03). Shatavari increased the phosphorylation of Aktser473 (Aktser473 (placebo -0.6 ± 0.6 a.u., shatavari +0.2 ± 1.3 a.u.; p = 0.03) in VL. Shatavari supplementation did not alter plasma markers of bone turnover (P1NP, β-CTX) and stimulation of human osteoblasts with pooled sera (N = 8 per condition) from placebo and shatavari supplementation conditions did not alter cytokine or metabolic markers of osteoblast activity. Shatavari may improve muscle function and contractility via myosin conformational change and further investigation of its utility in conserving and enhancing musculoskeletal function, in larger and more diverse cohorts, is warranted.
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19
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Estrogen modulates metabolic risk profile after resistance training in early postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1214-1224. [PMID: 34726661 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women experience an unhealthy change in metabolic risk profile at menopause. The purpose of the present study was to determine effects of resistance training with or without transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) on adipose tissue mass and metabolic risk profile in early postmenopausal women. METHODS A double-blinded randomized controlled trial, where healthy, untrained postmenopausal women were allocated to supervised resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or transdermal ET (n = 15) for 12 weeks. Endpoints with prespecified hypotheses were the change in total fat mass (FM) (main endpoint) and the change in visceral FM (secondary endpoint) from before to after the intervention. Additionally, prespecified endpoints of body composition, metabolic health-related blood markers, fat%, fat cell size, and lipogenic markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from abdominal and femoral region were explored. RESULTS Compared with the ET group, the PLC group experienced a greater reduction (time × treatment interaction P < 0.05) in total FM (PLC vs ET: -5.6% vs -1.1%) and visceral FM (-18.6% vs -6.8%), and femoral SAT (-5.6% vs 1.0%), but not abdominal SAT mass (-8.5% vs -2.8%, P = 0.15).The ET group improved their metabolic blood profile by reduced low-density lipoprotein, glucose and hemoglobin A1c compared with PLC (time × treatment interaction P < 0.05). The intervention induced changes in lipolytic markers of abdominal SAT, whereas no changes were detected in femoral SAT. CONCLUSION Use of transdermal ET reduced adipose tissue loss, but improved metabolic blood markers when combined with 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in early postmenopausal women.
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20
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Ransdell LB, Wayment HA, Lopez N, Lorts C, Schwartz AL, Pugliesi K, Pohl PS, Bycura D, Camplain R. The impact of resistance training on body composition, muscle strength, and functional fitness in older women (45-80 years): A systematic review (2010-2020). WOMEN 2021; 1:143-168. [PMID: 35702064 PMCID: PMC9191851 DOI: 10.3390/women1030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda B Ransdell
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL
| | - Heidi A Wayment
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Nanette Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Cori Lorts
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Anna L Schwartz
- School of Nursing, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Karen Pugliesi
- Department of Sociology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Patricia S Pohl
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Dierdra Bycura
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Ricky Camplain
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
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