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Toro V, Jutras-Beaudoin N, Boucherat O, Bonnet S, Provencher S, Potus F. Right Ventricle and Epigenetics: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:2693. [PMID: 38067121 PMCID: PMC10705252 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing recognition of the crucial role of the right ventricle (RV) in determining the functional status and prognosis in multiple conditions. In the past decade, the epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs) of gene expression has been raised as a critical determinant of RV development, RV physiological function, and RV pathological dysfunction. We thus aimed to perform an up-to-date review of the literature, gathering knowledge on the epigenetic modifications associated with RV function/dysfunction. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of studies assessing the contribution of epigenetic modifications to RV development and/or the progression of RV dysfunction regardless of the causal pathology. English literature published on PubMed, between the inception of the study and 1 January 2023, was evaluated. Two authors independently evaluated whether studies met eligibility criteria before study results were extracted. Amongst the 817 studies screened, 109 studies were included in this review, including 69 that used human samples (e.g., RV myocardium, blood). While 37 proposed an epigenetic-based therapeutic intervention to improve RV function, none involved a clinical trial and 70 are descriptive. Surprisingly, we observed a substantial discrepancy between studies investigating the expression (up or down) and/or the contribution of the same epigenetic modifications on RV function or development. This exhaustive review of the literature summarizes the relevant epigenetic studies focusing on RV in human or preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - François Potus
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (V.T.); (N.J.-B.); (O.B.); (S.B.); (S.P.)
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Brown RD, Hunter KS, Li M, Frid MG, Harral J, Krafsur GM, Holt TN, Williams J, Zhang H, Riddle SR, Edwards MG, Kumar S, Hu CJ, Graham BB, Walker LA, Garry FB, Buttrick PM, Lahm T, Kheyfets VO, Hansen KC, Stenmark KR. Functional and molecular determinants of right ventricular response to severe pulmonary hypertension in a large animal model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H804-H820. [PMID: 36961489 PMCID: PMC10190846 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00614.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure is the major determinant of outcome in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Calves exposed to 2-wk hypoxia develop severe PH and unlike rodents, hypoxia-induced PH in this species can lead to right heart failure. We, therefore, sought to examine the molecular and structural changes in the RV in calves with hypoxia-induced PH, hypothesizing that we could identify mechanisms underlying compensated physiological function in the face of developing severe PH. Calves were exposed to 14 days of environmental hypoxia (equivalent to 4,570 m/15,000 ft elevation, n = 29) or ambient normoxia (1,525 m/5,000 ft, n = 25). Cardiopulmonary function was evaluated by right heart catheterization and pressure volume loops. Molecular and cellular determinants of RV remodeling were analyzed by cDNA microarrays, RealTime PCR, proteomics, and immunochemistry. Hypoxic exposure induced robust PH, with increased RV contractile performance and preserved cardiac output, yet evidence of dysregulated RV-pulmonary artery mechanical coupling as seen in advanced disease. Analysis of gene expression revealed cellular processes associated with structural remodeling, cell signaling, and survival. We further identified specific clusters of gene expression associated with 1) hypertrophic gene expression and prosurvival mechanotransduction through YAP-TAZ signaling, 2) extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, 3) inflammatory cell activation, and 4) angiogenesis. A potential transcriptomic signature of cardiac fibroblasts in RV remodeling was detected, enriched in functions related to cell movement, tissue differentiation, and angiogenesis. Proteomic and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed RV myocyte hypertrophy, together with localization of ECM remodeling, inflammatory cell activation, and endothelial cell proliferation within the RV interstitium. In conclusion, hypoxia and hemodynamic load initiate coordinated processes of protective and compensatory RV remodeling to withstand the progression of PH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a large animal model and employing a comprehensive approach integrating hemodynamic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and immunohistochemical analyses, we examined the early (2 wk) effects of severe PH on the RV. We observed that RV remodeling during PH progression represents a continuum of transcriptionally driven processes whereby cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and proremodeling macrophages act to coordinately maintain physiological homeostasis and protect myocyte survival during chronic, severe, and progressive pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Kendall S Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Coloradoo Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Maria G Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Julie Harral
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Greta M Krafsur
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Timothy N Holt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Jason Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Suzette R Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Cheng-Jun Hu
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Brian B Graham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Lori A Walker
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Franklyn B Garry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Peter M Buttrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Vitaly O Kheyfets
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
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Neault N, Ravel-Chapuis A, Baird SD, Lunde JA, Poirier M, Staykov E, Plaza-Diaz J, Medina G, Abadía-Molina F, Jasmin BJ, MacKenzie AE. Vorinostat Improves Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Splicing Abnormalities in DM1 Muscle Cell Lines and Skeletal Muscle from a DM1 Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043794. [PMID: 36835205 PMCID: PMC9964082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy, is caused by an abnormal expansion of CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The expanded repeats of the DMPK mRNA form hairpin structures in vitro, which cause misregulation and/or sequestration of proteins including the splicing regulator muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1). In turn, misregulation and sequestration of such proteins result in the aberrant alternative splicing of diverse mRNAs and underlie, at least in part, DM1 pathogenesis. It has been previously shown that disaggregating RNA foci repletes free MBNL1, rescues DM1 spliceopathy, and alleviates associated symptoms such as myotonia. Using an FDA-approved drug library, we have screened for a reduction of CUG foci in patient muscle cells and identified the HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat, as an inhibitor of foci formation; SERCA1 (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) spliceopathy was also improved by vorinostat treatment. Vorinostat treatment in a mouse model of DM1 (human skeletal actin-long repeat; HSALR) improved several spliceopathies, reduced muscle central nucleation, and restored chloride channel levels at the sarcolemma. Our in vitro and in vivo evidence showing amelioration of several DM1 disease markers marks vorinostat as a promising novel DM1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Neault
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aymeric Ravel-Chapuis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen D. Baird
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - John A. Lunde
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu Poirier
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Emiliyan Staykov
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Gerardo Medina
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Francisco Abadía-Molina
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Bernard J. Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alex E. MacKenzie
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-2772
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