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Santos JDM, Silva JFT, Alves EDS, Cruz AG, Santos ARM, Camargo FN, Talarico CHZ, Silva CAA, Camporez JP. Strength Training Protects High-Fat-Fed Ovariectomized Mice against Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5066. [PMID: 38791103 PMCID: PMC11120807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Menopause is characterized by a reduction in sex hormones in women and is associated with metabolic changes, including fatty liver and insulin resistance. Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet and physical exercise, are necessary to prevent these undesirable changes. Strength training (ST) has been widely used because of the muscle and metabolic benefits it provides. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of ST on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) divided into four groups as follows: simulated sedentary surgery (SHAM-SED), trained simulated surgery (SHAM-EXE), sedentary ovariectomy (OVX-SED), and trained ovariectomy (OVX-EXE). They were fed an HFD for 9 weeks. ST was performed thrice a week. ST efficiently reduced body weight and fat percentage and increased lean mass in OVX mice. Furthermore, ST reduced the accumulation of ectopic hepatic lipids, increased AMPK phosphorylation, and inhibited the de novo lipogenesis pathway. OVX-EXE mice also showed a better glycemic profile, associated with greater insulin sensitivity identified by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and reduced markers of hepatic oxidative stress compared with sedentary animals. Our data support the idea that ST can be indicated as a non-pharmacological treatment approach to mitigate metabolic changes resulting from menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João Paulo Camporez
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil (J.F.T.S.); (E.d.S.A.); (A.G.C.); (A.R.M.S.); (F.N.C.); (C.H.Z.T.); (C.A.A.S.)
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Nabutovsky I, Sabah R, Moreno M, Epstein Y, Klempfner R, Scheinowitz M. Evaluating the Effects of an Enhanced Strength Training Program in Remote Cardiological Rehabilitation: A Shift from Aerobic Dominance-A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1445. [PMID: 38592308 PMCID: PMC10934934 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cardiac rehabilitation often emphasizes aerobic capacity while overlooking the importance of muscle strength. This study evaluated the impact of an enhanced remote strength training program (RCR-ST) on cardiac rehabilitation. (2) Methods: In this randomized prospective study (RCT registration number SMC-9080-22), 50 patients starting cardiac rehabilitation were assessed for muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and self-reported outcomes at baseline and after 16 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups: the RCR-ST group received a targeted resistance training program via a mobile app and smartwatch, while the control group received standard care with general resistance training advice. (3) Results: The RCR-ST group demonstrated significant improvements in muscle endurance, notably in leg extension and chest press exercises, with increases of 92% compared to 25% and 92% compared to 13% in the control group, respectively. Functional assessments (5-STS and TUG tests) also showed marked improvements in agility, coordination, and balance. Both groups improved in cardiorespiratory fitness, similarly. The RCR-ST group reported enhanced physical health and showed increased engagement, as evidenced by more frequent use of the mobile app and longer participation in the rehabilitation program (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Incorporating a focused strength training regimen in remote cardiac rehabilitation significantly improves muscle endurance and patient engagement. The RCR-ST program presents a promising approach for optimizing patient outcomes by addressing a crucial gap in traditional rehabilitation protocols that primarily focus on aerobic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Nabutovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Roy Sabah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Merav Moreno
- Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Yoram Epstein
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Robert Klempfner
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Mickey Scheinowitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
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Monteiro MRP, Cardoso AP, de Resende-Neto AG, Vasconcelos ABS, Camargo EA, Gobbo LA, Maté-Muñoz JL, Heredia-Elvar JR, Behm DG, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Is functional training an efficient approach to improve body composition in older people? A systematic review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1156088. [PMID: 37405136 PMCID: PMC10315661 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1156088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Increases in fat mass and reductions in lean mass are associated with the frailty and mortality of older people. In this context, Functional Training (FT) is an option to increase lean mass and reduce fat mass in older people. Thus, this systematic review aims to investigate the effects of FT on body fat and lean mass in older people. Methods: We included randomized controlled clinical trials, with at least one intervention group that employed FT, with the age of participants ≥60 years; and participants physically independent and healthy. We performed the systematic investigation in Pubmed MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. We extracted the information and used the PEDro Scale to assess the methodological quality of each study. Results: Our research found 3,056 references with five appropriate studies. Of the five studies, three presented reductions in fat mass, all of them with interventions between three and 6 months, different training dose parameters, and 100% of the sample was composed of women. On the other hand, two studies with interventions between 10 and 12 weeks presented conflicting results. Conclusion: Despite the limited literature about lean mass, it appears that long-term FT interventions may reduce fat mass in older women. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=399257, identifier CRD42023399257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Raphael Pereira Monteiro
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - Alan Pantoja Cardoso
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - David George Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Marques MC. Manipulating the Resistance Training Volume in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effects on Muscle Strength and Size, Muscle Quality, and Functional Capacity. Sports Med 2023; 53:503-518. [PMID: 36307745 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective manipulation of the acute variables of resistance training is critical to optimizing muscle and functional adaptations in middle-aged and older adults. However, the ideal volume prescription (e.g., number of sets performed per exercise) in middle-aged and older adults remains inconclusive in the literature. OBJECTIVE The effects of single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscle strength and size, muscle quality, and functional capacity in middle-aged and older adults were compared. Moreover, the effects of single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscular and functional gains were also examined, considering the influence of training duration. METHODS Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials comparing single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscle strength, muscle size, muscle quality, or functional capacity in middle-aged and older adults (aged ≥ 50 years) in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases (01/09/2021, updated on 15/05/2022) were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis was used. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included (430 participants; 93% women; age 57.9-70.1 years). Multiple sets per exercise produced a greater effect than single sets on lower-limb strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.51; mean difference [MD] = 1.91 kg; 95% CI 0.50-3.33) and muscle quality (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI 0.05-0.75) gains. There were no differences between single versus multiple sets per exercise for upper-limb strength (SMD = 0.13; 95% CI - 0.14 to 0.40; MD = 0.11 kg; 95% CI - 0.52 to 0.75), muscle size (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI - 0.07 to 0.37), and functional capacity (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI - 0.47 to 0.50) gains. In addition, there were no differences between single versus multiple sets on muscle strength and size gains for training durations ≤ 12 weeks or > 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Multiple sets per exercise produced greater lower-limb strength and muscle quality gains than single sets in middle-aged and older adults, although the magnitude of the difference was small. In contrast, single sets per exercise were sufficient to improve upper-limb strength, muscle size, and functional capacity in these populations. Despite these findings, researchers should conduct future high-quality, pre-registered, and blinded randomized controlled trials to strengthen the scientific evidence on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Luís Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Cardoso Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
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Chen CA, Lai MC, Huang H, Wu CE. Interventions for Body Composition and Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength in Older Adults in Rural Taiwan: A Horizontal Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137869. [PMID: 35805529 PMCID: PMC9266035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of a physical activity program and high-protein supplementation on body composition and upper and lower extremity muscle strength in male older adults in rural areas. In this study, 60 healthy male older adults (mean age 77.5 ± 4.6 years) from rural areas were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental group A (intervention of the physical activity program and high-protein supplementation), experimental group B (daily routine, with only intervention of high-protein supplementation), or control group C (daily routine). Experimental group A (EGa) carried out a physical activity plan three times a week, with an exercise intensity and calorie consumption of 250 kcal (5METs × ⅔hr × 75) for 3 months and drank a high-protein supplement (1.3 g/kg BW/day) after each exercise; experimental group B (EGb) followed only the intervention of high-protein supplementation. All the participants underwent pre- and post-tests for body composition, waist–hip circumference (WC, HC), handgrip strength (HS), 30 s dominant arm curl, 30 s sit to stand, and 2 min step tests. The results of the study showed that EGa significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), WC, HC, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and increased basal metabolic rate and muscle mass. Although both EGa and EGb used high-protein supplementation, EGa’s added three-month intervention of a physical activity program made it easier for that group to increase muscle mass and muscle strength. The WHR decreased from 1.015 to 0.931, representing a decrease of 8.28%, and an obvious weight loss effect was achieved. Thus, we concluded that the best way to maintain muscle strength in older adults is through physical activity with resistance and protein supplementation, which can reduce muscle loss in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-An Chen
- Ph.D. Program of Technology Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan; (C.-A.C.); (C.-E.W.)
| | - Ming-Chi Lai
- Ph.D. Program of Technology Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan; (C.-A.C.); (C.-E.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hsuan Huang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-En Wu
- Ph.D. Program of Technology Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan; (C.-A.C.); (C.-E.W.)
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