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Kopp W. Aging and "Age-Related" Diseases - What Is the Relation? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0570. [PMID: 39012663 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explores the intricate relationship between aging and the development of noncommunicable diseases [NCDs], focusing on whether these diseases are inevitable consequences of aging or primarily driven by lifestyle factors. By examining epidemiological data, particularly from hunter-gatherer societies, the study highlights that many NCDs prevalent in modern populations are rare in these societies, suggesting a significant influence of lifestyle choices. It delves into the mechanisms through which poor diet, smoking, and other lifestyle factors contribute to systemic physiological imbalances, characterized by oxidative stress, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the immune system. The interplay between this pattern and individual factors such as genetic susceptibility, biological variability, epigenetic changes and the microbiome is proposed to play a crucial role in the development of a range of age-related NCDs. Modified biomolecules such as oxysterols and advanced glycation end products also contribute to their development. Specific diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma and osteoarthritis are analyzed to illustrate these mechanisms. The study concludes that while aging contributes to the risk of NCDs, lifestyle factors play a crucial role, offering potential avenues for prevention and intervention through healthier living practices. One possible approach could be to try to restore the physiological balance, e.g. through dietary measures [e.g. Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet or Paleolithic diet] in conjunction with [a combination of] pharmacological interventions and other lifestyle changes.
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Antinozzi M, Caminada S, Amendola M, Cammalleri V, Dorelli B, Giffi M, Giordano F, Marani A, Pocino RN, Renzi D, Sindoni A, Cattaruzza MS. Perceptions of Tobacco Price Policy among Students from Sapienza University of Rome: Can This Policy Mitigate Smoking Addiction and Its Health Impacts? Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:944. [PMID: 38727502 PMCID: PMC11083090 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is one of the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Avoiding youth initiation and treating addiction are fundamental public health issues to ensure better health. Among tobacco control policies, increasing tobacco price is the single most effective intervention. It reduces tobacco consumption, especially among youths, while representing a government financing source. This study aimed to assess the agreement with the proposal of a one-euro increase in tobacco price earmarked to health issues among students at Sapienza University. Two convenience samples were surveyed, five years apart, on World No Tobacco Days. Smoking habits, agreement with the proposal and reasons for it were collected. Results from the 208 questionnaires (107 in 2014, 101 in 2019) showed 46.6% of agreement with the proposal (53.3% in 2014, 39.2% in 2019, p = 0.044). Main predictive factor for agreement was being a non-smoker (OR = 6.33 p < 0.001), main reason (64.8%) was it could trigger smokers to quit or reduce consumption. Several factors might have influenced this finding, including the introduction of novel tobacco products and their increased advertisement on social media. In 2024, European Union is planning to update the Tobacco Taxation Directive which could greatly contribute to the reduction of non-communicable diseases and premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Antinozzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (R.N.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Susanna Caminada
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (R.N.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.C.)
| | | | - Vittoria Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (R.N.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Barbara Dorelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (R.N.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Monica Giffi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (R.N.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Felice Giordano
- National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), 00162 Roma, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Marani
- Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 00149 Roma, Italy;
| | - Roberta Noemi Pocino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (R.N.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Davide Renzi
- District 1, Local Health Unit Roma 1, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sindoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (R.N.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (V.C.); (B.D.); (M.G.); (R.N.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.C.)
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Khan D, Zhou H, You J, Kaiser VA, Khajuria RK, Muhammad S. Tobacco smoke condensate-induced senescence in endothelial cells was ameliorated by colchicine treatment via suppression of NF-κB and MAPKs P38 and ERK pathways activation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:214. [PMID: 38570838 PMCID: PMC10988825 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. It induces oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage and cellular senescence. Senescent cells increase the expression and release of pro-inflammatory molecules and matrix metalloproteinase, which are known to play a vital role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases and metastasis in cancer. The current study investigated the smoking induced cellular senescence and employed colchicine that blocked senescence in endothelial cells exposed to tobacco smoke condensate. Colchicine prevented oxidative stress and DNA damage in tobacco smoke-condensate-treated endothelial cells. Colchicin reduced β-gal activity, improved Lamin B1, and attenuated cell growth arrest markers P21 and P53. Colchicine also ameliorated the expression of SASP factors and inhibited the activation of NF-kB and MAPKs P38 and ERK. In summary, colchicine inhibited tobacco smoke condensate-induced senescence in endothelial cells by blocking the activation of NF-kB and MAPKs P38 and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilaware Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine- Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr.5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Huakang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine- Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr.5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Jinliang You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine- Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr.5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Vera Annika Kaiser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine- Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr.5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Rajiv K Khajuria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine- Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr.5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine- Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr.5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Helsinki, Topeliuksenkatu 5, Helsinki, 00260, Finland.
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Yang J, Luo J, Tian X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wu X. Progress in Understanding Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Aging-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38671842 PMCID: PMC11047596 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced through redox reactions as byproducts of respiratory and metabolic activities. However, due to various endogenous and exogenous factors, the body may produce excessive ROS, which leads to oxidative stress (OS). Numerous studies have shown that OS causes a variety of pathological changes in cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification, all of which can trigger apoptosis and senescence. OS also induces a variety of aging-related diseases, such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative disease, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, ovarian disease, and prostate disease. In this review, we aim to introduce the multiple internal and external triggers that mediate ROS levels in rodents and humans as well as the relationship between OS, aging, and aging-related diseases. Finally, we present a statistical analysis of effective antioxidant measures currently being developed and applied in the field of aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Juyue Luo
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Xutong Tian
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Yumeng Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
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Kim MM, Steffensen I, Miguel RTD, Babic T, Johnson AD, Potts R, Junker CS. A systematic review of preclinical studies evaluating the association between nicotine and the initiation and progression of cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:410. [PMID: 38213798 PMCID: PMC10777222 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Background The association between cigarette smoking and the increased risk of many cancers is well established. Conversely, epidemiological studies of smokeless tobacco demonstrate decreased risk, or no elevated risk, of certain cancers versus smoking. However, it is unclear what role, if any, nicotine plays in these associations. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the available evidence from preclinical studies that examined the potential association between nicotine and the initiation and/or progression of cancer. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for articles published from inception until February 13, 2022. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated animal cancer or tumor models, compared nicotine and non-nicotine groups, and evaluated measures of cancer initiation or progression. Results Among 1,137 identified articles, 61 were included in qualitative synthesis. Twelve studies reported data on tumor initiation, and 54 studies reported data on tumor progression. The majority of the tumor initiation studies did not identify an association between nicotine exposure and an increased risk of spontaneous tumor initiation. Results of tumor progression studies were inconsistent and varied across the reported measures, cancer type being evaluated, and animal cancer model used. Overall, the quality of reporting was poor, with many studies not demonstrating a high level of internal and/or external validity. Conclusions In conclusion, although animal models have provided invaluable data for human health risk assessments of chemical exposures, the heterogeneity across the studies included in this systematic review make the interpretation and generalizability of the results difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aubrey D. Johnson
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan Potts
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Rodrigues Albuquerque E, Ratti da Silva G, de Abreu Braga F, Pelegrini Silva E, Sposito Negrini K, Rodrigues Fracasso JA, Pires Guarnier L, Jacomassi E, Ribeiro-Paes JT, da Silva Gomes R, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Preclinical Potential of Pereskia grandifolia in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:8840427. [PMID: 38026733 PMCID: PMC10653969 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8840427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex condition characterized by steatosis and metabolic disturbances. Risk factors such as diabetes, cigarette smoking, and dyslipidaemia contribute to its development and progression. Effective and safe therapies for MAFLD are urgently needed. Pereskia grandifolia has shown potential as an alternative treatment, but its effectiveness against liver disease remains unexplored. This research aims to determine the hepatoprotective properties of P. grandifolia using a model of MAFLD. The study was carried out through various phases to assess the safety and efficacy of the ethanol-soluble fraction of P. grandifolia. Initially, an in vitro assay was performed to assess cell viability. This was followed by an acute toxicity test conducted in rats to determine the safety profile of the extract. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory properties of P. grandifolia were examined in macrophages. For the MAFLD study, diabetic Wistar rats were made diabetic and exposed to a high fat diet and cigarette smoke, for 4 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, the rats were orally given either the vehicle (negative control group; C-), P. grandifolia (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or insulin in addition to simvastatin. A basal group of rats not exposed to these risk factors was also assessed. Blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, ALT, and AST levels. Liver was assessed for lipid and oxidative markers, and liver histopathology was examined. P. grandifolia showed no signs of toxicity. It demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting phagocytosis and macrophage spreading. The MAFLD model induced liver abnormalities, including increased AST, ALT, disrupted lipid profile, oxidative stress, and significant hepatic damage. However, P. grandifolia effectively reversed these changes, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings emphasize the significance of P. grandifolia in mitigating hepatic consequences associated with various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson Rodrigues Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Abreu Braga
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Ester Pelegrini Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Karina Sposito Negrini
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Department of Genetic, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto da Silva Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Cao C, Fu G, Xu R, Li N. Coupling of Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors with Viral Susceptibility and Inflammation. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1017. [PMID: 37962454 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by persistent cognitive decline. Amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological features of AD brain, though mechanisms leading to the formation of lesions remain to be understood. Genetic efforts through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified dozens of risk genes influencing the pathogenesis and progression of AD, some of which have been revealed in close association with increased viral susceptibilities and abnormal inflammatory responses in AD patients. In the present study, we try to present a list of AD candidate genes that have been shown to affect viral infection and inflammatory responses. Understanding of how AD susceptibility genes interact with the viral life cycle and potential inflammatory pathways would provide possible therapeutic targets for both AD and infectious diseases.
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Vlasceanu AM, Gradinaru D, Stan M, Nitescu VG, Baconi DL. Relationships between Serum Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Patients with Mental Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1299. [PMID: 37372029 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of cigarette smoking as an aggravating factor of systemic oxidative stress in patients with mental disorders has not been extensively investigated, although significantly higher rates of smoking are recorded in these subjects in comparison with the general population. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that smoking might be an exacerbator of systemic oxidative stress, being directly correlated with the degree of exposure to tobacco smoke. We analyzed, in 76 adult subjects from a public health care unit, the relationships between serum cotinine levels as a marker of tobacco smoke exposure, and three biomarkers of oxidative stress: the serum glutathione (GSH), the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and the total serum antioxidant status (FRAP). The results indicate that the degree of tobacco smoke exposure was inversely associated with GSH levels in both passive and active smokers, suggesting that smoke particulate components' toxicity is associated with a systemic GSH depletion. Paradoxically, the lowest AOPP levels which were positively associated with GSH, were recorded in active smoking patients whereas in passive smokers individual values of AOPPs decreased along with the increase in GSH levels. Our data suggest that an enhanced inhalation of particulate constituents of cigarette smoke could induce critical changes in systemic redox homeostasis and GSH can no longer exert its antioxidant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Vlasceanu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Gradinaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miriana Stan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorela G Nitescu
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children Grigore Alexandrescu, Pediatric Clinic 2, Ward ATI -Toxicology, 30-32 Iancu de Hunedoara Street, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Luiza Baconi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 20021 Bucharest, Romania
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Kotlyarov S. The Role of Smoking in the Mechanisms of Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108725. [PMID: 37240069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common pathogenesis and significantly influence each other's clinical presentation and prognosis. There is increasing evidence that the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of COPD and ASCVD are complex and multifactorial. Smoking-induced systemic inflammation, impaired endothelial function and oxidative stress may contribute to the development and progression of both diseases. The components present in tobacco smoke can have adverse effects on various cellular functions, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Smoking may also affect the innate immune system, impair apoptosis, and promote oxidative stress in the respiratory and vascular systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss the importance of smoking in the mechanisms underlying the comorbid course of COPD and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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