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Kim HK, Mirjalili SA. Differences in running biomechanics and tibiotalar cartilage T2 relaxation time between runners with and without asymptomatic tibial sesamoid bone marrow edema - clinical case series. Sports Biomech 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38803210 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2356859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of asymptomatic bone marrow edema (BME) in sesamoids on running biomechanics remains largely unknown, but exploring this relationship could aid early detection of forefoot-related injuries with cost-effective modalities. This study aimed to compare the running biomechanics of runners with asymptomatic BME in the tibial sesamoids with that of healthy controls. Four runners with asymptomatic BME in tibial sesamoids and four healthy runners participated. Lower extremity joint kinetics and kinematics were assessed along with plantar pressure while running at a self-selected speed. The T2 relaxation time of the tibiotalar cartilage was measured using MRI-derived T2 maps. Compared to the non-injured group, the injured group exhibited significantly lower plantar pressure under the hallux (p = 0.001), increased peak ankle rotation angles (p = 0.025), reduced ankle power generation (p = 0.049), and increased knee extension torque (p = 0.015). No significant differences in T2 values of the tibiotalar cartilage were observed. It appears that runners with asymptomatic BME adapted their running strategies by modifying their ankle biomechanics and reducing plantar pressure, even in the absence of pain. While the precise implications of these biomechanical alterations warrant further investigation, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between asymptomatic BME and running biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Kim
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Seyed Ali Mirjalili
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Messina G, Francavilla VC, Lima F, Padua E, Secolo G, Secolo I, Iovane A, Parisi MC, Di Corrado D. Effects of Proprioceptive Insoles and Specific Core Training on Postural Stability for Preventing Injuries in Tennis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:34. [PMID: 38390934 PMCID: PMC10885046 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tennis is a complex sport based on unpredictability that requires adequate physical and psychological preparation to prevent injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week specific core stability training on postural stability in competitive adolescent tennis players, aged between 14 and 19 years old. Sixty-one participants were randomly allocated into two groups: experimental (n = 32) and control (n = 29) groups. The first group wore proprioceptive insoles 8 h a day and performed a detailed training 3 times a week for 8 weeks; the second group only received proprioceptive insoles to wear 8 h a day for 8 weeks. The postural stability parameters (center-of-pressure length, center-of-pressure velocity, and 95% confidence ellipse sway area) included three assessment times: baseline (T0), intermediate test (T1), post-test (T2), and retention test (T3). Data analysis showed a significant improvement in the experimental group compared with the control group, indicating a large effect size in center-of-pressure length, ellipse sway area, and center-of-pressure velocity at T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that a specific and detailed core stability training plays a significant role in improving balance and postural stability in young tennis players, especially in terms of preventing the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Messina
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Lima
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Secolo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Dunarea de Jos, 800402 Galati, Romania
| | - Innocenzo Secolo
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Iovane
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Di Corrado
- Department of Sport Sciences, Kore University, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy
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Rekant J, Rothenberger S, Chambers A. Obesity-Specific Considerations for Assessing Gait with Inertial Measurement Unit-Based vs. Optokinetic Motion Capture. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1232. [PMID: 38400412 PMCID: PMC10891672 DOI: 10.3390/s24041232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Adults with obesity experience high rates of disability and rapid functional decline. Identifying movement dysfunction early can direct intervention and disrupt disability development; however, subtle changes in movement are difficult to detect with the naked eye. This study evaluated how a portable, inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based motion capture system compares to a laboratory-based optokinetic motion capture (OMC) system for evaluating gait kinematics in adults with obesity. Ten adults with obesity performed overground walking while equipped with the OMC and IMU systems. Fifteen gait cycles for each participant were extracted for the 150 total cycles analyzed. Kinematics were compared between OMC and IMU across the gait cycles (coefficient of multiple correlations), at clinically significant time points (interclass correlations), and over clinically relevant ranges (Bland-Altman plots). Sagittal plane kinematics were most similar between systems, especially at the knee. Sagittal plane joint angles at clinically meaningful timepoints were poorly associated except for ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike (ρ = 0.38) and minimum angle (ρ = 0.83). All motions except for ankle dorsiflexion and hip abduction had >5° difference between systems across the range of angles measured. While IMU-based motion capture shows promise for detecting subtle gait changes in adults with obesity, more work is needed before this method can replace traditional OMC. Future work should explore standardization procedures to improve consistency of IMU motion capture performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rekant
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Scott Rothenberger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - April Chambers
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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Song Y, Cen X, Sun D, Bíró I, Mao Z, Fang Y, Gu Y. Influence of changes in foot morphology and temperature on bruised toenail injury risk during running. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1826. [PMID: 38246957 PMCID: PMC10800341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite runners frequently suffering from dermatologic issues during long distance running, there is no compelling evidence quantitatively investigating their underlying injury mechanism. This study aimed to determine the foot morphology and temperature changes during long distance running and reveal the effect of these alterations on the injury risk of bruised toenail by measuring the subjective-perceived hallux comfort and gap length between the hallux and toebox of the shoe. Ten recreational runners participated in the experimental tests before (baseline), immediately after 5 and 10 km of treadmill running (12 km/h), in which the foot morphology was measured by a 3D foot scanner, the foot temperature was detected by an infrared camera, the perceived comfort was recorded by a visual analogue scale, and the gap length in the sagittal plane was captured by a high-speed camera. Ball width became narrower (106.39 ± 6.55 mm) and arch height (12.20 ± 2.34 mm) was reduced greatly after the 10 km run (p < 0.05). Foot temperature increased significantly after 5 and 10 km of running, and the temperature of dorsal hallux (35.12 ± 1.46 °C), dorsal metatarsal (35.92 ± 1.59 °C), and medial plantar metatarsal (37.26 ± 1.34 °C) regions continued to increase greatly from 5 to 10 km of running (p < 0.05). Regarding hallux comfort, the perceived scores significantly reduced after 5 and 10 km of running (2.10 ± 0.99, p < 0.05). In addition, during one running gait cycle, there was a significant increase in gap length at initial contact (39.56 ± 6.45 mm, p < 0.05) for a 10 km run, followed by a notable decrease upon reaching midstance (29.28 ± 6.81 mm, p < 0.05). It is concluded that the reduced ball width and arch height while increased foot temperature during long-distance running would exacerbate foot-shoe interaction, potentially responsible for bruised toenail injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuanzhen Cen
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dong Sun
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - István Bíró
- Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zhuqing Mao
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yufei Fang
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China.
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Fallon Verbruggen F, Marenčáková J, Zahálka F. The relationship of three-dimensional foot morphology to clinical assessments and postural stability in adolescent male footballers. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:50. [PMID: 37596668 PMCID: PMC10439672 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot morphology is associated with altered loading of the ankle-foot complex in adolescent footballers, predisposing to pain and injury. However, usual singular plane clinical assessments do not accurately capture the 3D nature of foot morphology. A new approach is 3D laser scanning, with statistical shape model techniques creating individual-to-group comparison. However, no research exists on the adolescent, football-playing foot. Furthermore, a link between 3D foot morphology, and usual clinical and performance measures would be beneficial for practical implementation. METHODS Four hundred forty-seven 3D foot scans from 224 elite male footballers (U12-U19) in bilateral stance were collected and further processed with statistical shape model techniques. Weighted shape parameters for individual principal components (Modes) were extracted for each foot. Centre of pressure displacement expressed as total travelled way in millimetres was calculated for bilateral and unilateral postural stability measures. Clinical assessments (Clarke's Angle, Resting Calcaneal Stance Position) were calculated on the 3D foot scans. Differences in weighted shape parameters, postural stability measures, and clinical assessments between age groups were determined by ANOVA. Correlations determined the relationship of Modes and clinical assessments to postural stability measures. Linear regression established if clinical assessments predicted the mode describing foot arch variation. RESULTS Age groups significantly differed for Mode 1 (foot length), Mode 2 (foot arch), and Mode 5 (tibial rotation relative to the foot) (p < 0.05). Resting Calcaneal Stance Position (r = .663) and Clarke's Angle (r = -.445) were low-to-moderately correlated to Mode 2 (both p < 0.001), and linear regression found they were both significant predictors of Mode 2, though only moderately (R2 = .522). There were low correlations of foot morphology to the postural stability tests. CONCLUSION This is the first study to describe the 3D foot morphology of male football-playing adolescents, and discover the differences between age groups. This will improve understanding and assessment of foot morphology in male adolescents because 2D techniques, as discovered in this study, do not strongly correlate to, nor predict, the 3D foot arch. Foot morphology was only lowly correlated to postural stability, thus a multifaceted program would be required for improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdia Fallon Verbruggen
- Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, José Martího 269/31, Praha 6, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Marenčáková
- Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, José Martího 269/31, Praha 6, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, José Martího 269/31, Praha 6, 162 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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