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El Gazzar WB, Bayoumi H, Youssef HS, Ibrahim TA, Abdelfatah RM, Gamil NM, Iskandar MK, Abdel-Kareim AM, Abdelrahman SM, Gebba MA, Mohamed MA, Mokhtar MM, Kharboush TG, Bayoumy NM, Alomar HA, Farag AA. Role of IRE1α/XBP1/CHOP/NLRP3 Signalling Pathway in Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid-Induced Pancreatic Dysfunction in Rats and Antagonism of Lycopene: In Vivo and Molecular Docking Simulation Approaches. TOXICS 2024; 12:445. [PMID: 39058097 PMCID: PMC11281275 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is a commonly used new-generation pesticide that has numerous harmful effects on non-targeted organisms, including animals. This study analysed both the adverse effects on the pancreas following oral consumption of imidacloprid neonicotinoids (45 mg/kg daily for 30 days) and the potential protective effects of lycopene (LYC) administration (10 mg/kg/day for 30 days) with IMI exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The apoptotic, pyroptotic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarkers were evaluated, along with the histopathological alterations. Upon IMI administration, noticeable changes were observed in pancreatic histopathology. Additionally, elevated oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum-associated stress biomarkers, inflammatory, pyroptotic, and apoptotic biomarkers were also observed following IMI administration. LYC effectively reversed these alterations by reducing oxidative stress markers (e.g., MDA) and enhancing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT). It downregulated ER stress markers (IRE1α, XBP1, CHOP), decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), and suppressed pyroptotic (NLRP3, caspase-1) along with apoptotic markers (Bax, cleaved caspase-3). It also improved the histopathological and ultrastructure alterations brought on by IMI toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Heba Bayoumi
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (H.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Heba S. Youssef
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (H.S.Y.); (T.A.I.)
| | - Tayseer A. Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (H.S.Y.); (T.A.I.)
| | - Reham M. Abdelfatah
- Department of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Noha M. Gamil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12573, Egypt;
| | - Mervat K. Iskandar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (M.K.I.); (A.M.A.-K.)
| | - Amal M. Abdel-Kareim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (M.K.I.); (A.M.A.-K.)
| | - Shaymaa M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed A. Gebba
- Department of Anatomy& Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Mona Atya Mohamed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (H.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Maha M. Mokhtar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Tayseir G. Kharboush
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Nervana M. Bayoumy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hatun A. Alomar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amina A. Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
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Sharma B, Twelker K, Nguyen C, Ellis S, Bhatia ND, Kuschner Z, Agriantonis A, Agriantonis G, Arnold M, Dave J, Mestre J, Shafaee Z, Arora S, Ghanta H, Whittington J. Bile Acids in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Metabolites 2024; 14:348. [PMID: 39057671 PMCID: PMC11278541 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a dangerous digestive tract tumor that is becoming increasingly common and fatal. The most common form of PC is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Bile acids (BAs) are closely linked to the growth and progression of PC. They can change the intestinal flora, increasing intestinal permeability and allowing gut microbes to enter the bloodstream, leading to chronic inflammation. High dietary lipids can increase BA secretion into the duodenum and fecal BA levels. BAs can cause genetic mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal activation of intracellular trypsin, cytoskeletal damage, activation of NF-κB, acute pancreatitis, cell injury, and cell necrosis. They can act on different types of pancreatic cells and receptors, altering Ca2+ and iron levels, and related signals. Elevated levels of Ca2+ and iron are associated with cell necrosis and ferroptosis. Bile reflux into the pancreatic ducts can speed up the kinetics of epithelial cells, promoting the development of pancreatic intraductal papillary carcinoma. BAs can cause the enormous secretion of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leading to the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells. Using Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) increases the risk of pancreatitis and PC. Therefore, our objective was to explore various studies and thoroughly examine the role of BAs in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Kate Twelker
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Cecilia Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Scott Ellis
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Navin D. Bhatia
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Zachary Kuschner
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrew Agriantonis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - George Agriantonis
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Monique Arnold
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Jasmine Dave
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Juan Mestre
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Zahra Shafaee
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Shalini Arora
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Hima Ghanta
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Jennifer Whittington
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
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Pollin G, Mathison AJ, de Assuncao TM, Thomas A, Zeighami A, Salmonson A, Liu H, Urrutia G, Vankayala P, Pandol SJ, Hong JC, Zimmermann MT, Iovanna J, Jin VX, Urrutia R, Lomberk G. Ehmt2 inactivation in pancreatic epithelial cells shapes the transcriptional landscape and inflammation response of the whole pancreas. Front Genet 2024; 15:1412767. [PMID: 38948355 PMCID: PMC11211573 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1412767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Euchromatic Histone Methyl Transferase Protein 2 (EHMT2), also known as G9a, deposits transcriptionally repressive chromatin marks that play pivotal roles in the maturation and homeostasis of multiple organs. Recently, we have shown that Ehmt2 inactivation in the mouse pancreas alters growth and immune gene expression networks, antagonizing Kras-mediated pancreatic cancer initiation and promotion. Here, we elucidate the essential role of Ehmt2 in maintaining a transcriptional landscape that protects organs from inflammation. Methods: Comparative RNA-seq studies between normal postnatal and young adult pancreatic tissue from Ehmt2 conditional knockout animals (Ehmt2 fl/fl ) targeted to the exocrine pancreatic epithelial cells (Pdx1-Cre and P48 Cre/+ ), reveal alterations in gene expression networks in the whole organ related to injury-inflammation-repair, suggesting an increased predisposition to damage. Thus, we induced an inflammation repair response in the Ehmt2 fl/fl pancreas and used a data science-based approach to integrate RNA-seq-derived pathways and networks, deconvolution digital cytology, and spatial transcriptomics. We also analyzed the tissue response to damage at the morphological, biochemical, and molecular pathology levels. Results and discussion: The Ehmt2 fl/fl pancreas displays an enhanced injury-inflammation-repair response, offering insights into fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this process. More importantly, these data show that conditional Ehmt2 inactivation in exocrine cells reprograms the local environment to recruit mesenchymal and immunological cells needed to mount an increased inflammatory response. Mechanistically, this response is an enhanced injury-inflammation-repair reaction with a small contribution of specific Ehmt2-regulated transcripts. Thus, this new knowledge extends the mechanisms underlying the role of the Ehmt2-mediated pathway in suppressing pancreatic cancer initiation and modulating inflammatory pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Pollin
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Angela J. Mathison
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Thiago M. de Assuncao
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anju Thomas
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Atefeh Zeighami
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ann Salmonson
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Guillermo Urrutia
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Pallavi Vankayala
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Johnny C. Hong
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Michael T. Zimmermann
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche médicale (INSERM) U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Victor X. Jin
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Sun J, Su F, Chen Y, Wang T, Ali W, Jin H, Xiong L, Ma Y, Liu Z, Zou H. Co-exposure to PVC microplastics and cadmium induces oxidative stress and fibrosis in duck pancreas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172395. [PMID: 38608882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
PVC microplastics (PVC-MPs) are environmental pollutants that interact with cadmium (Cd) to exert various biological effects. Ducks belong to the waterfowl family of birds and therefore are at a higher risk of exposure to PVC-MPs and Cd than other animals. However, the effects of co-exposure of ducks to Cd and PVC-MPs are poorly understood. Here, we used Muscovy ducks to establish an in vivo model to explore the effects of co-exposure to 1 mg/L PVC-MPs and 50 mg/kg Cd on duck pancreas. After 2 months of treatment with 50 mg/kg Cd, pancreas weight decreased by 21 %, and the content of amylase and lipase increased by 25 % and 233 %. However, exposure to PVC-MPs did not significantly affect the pancreas. Moreover, co-exposure to PVC-MPs and Cd worsened the reduction of pancreas weight and disruption of pancreas function compared to exposure to either substance alone. Furthermore, our research has revealed that exposure to PVC-MPs or Cd disrupted mitochondrial structure, reduced ATP levels by 10 % and 18 %, inhibited antioxidant enzyme activity, and increased malondialdehyde levels by 153.8 % and 232.5 %. It was found that exposure to either PVC-MPs or Cd can induce inflammation and fibrosis in the duck pancreas. Notably, co-exposure to PVC-MPs and Cd exacerbated inflammation and fibrosis, with the content of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α increasing by 169 %, 199 %, and 98 %, compared to Cd exposure alone. The study emphasizes the significance of comprehending the potential hazards linked to exposure to these substances. In conclusion, it presents promising preliminary evidence that PVC-MPs accumulate in duck pancreas, and increase the accumulation of Cd. Co-exposure to PVC-MPs and Cd disrupts the structure and function of mitochondria and promotes the development of pancreas inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fangyu Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Waseem Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hengqi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ling Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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5
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Golbasi H, Bayraktar B, Golbasi C, Omeroglu I, Atakul BK, Cakir ZE, Toka IG, Ekin A. Third-trimester fetal pancreas imaging in uncomplicated pregnancies and association with pregnancy outcomes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2024; 52:522-528. [PMID: 38465703 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine third-trimester sonographic imaging of the fetal pancreas in uncomplicated pregnancies and its association with pregnancy outcomes. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study including 274 pregnant women. Uncomplicated pregnancies in the third trimester (28-40 weeks) were included in the study. Maternal chronic disease, pregnancy-related disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, cholestasis, smoking, and fetal abnormalities were determined as exclusion criteria. Sonographic fetal pancreatic measurement and echogenicity were evaluated in all participants. For intra-observer reliability, each participant's fetal pancreatic circumference was measured two times. The echogenicity of the pancreas was compared with the liver and ribs and classified as grade 1, 2, and 3. The pregnancy outcomes of all participants were obtained from the hospital digital registration system. RESULTS The average fetal pancreatic circumference in the third trimester was 70.7 ± 0.6 mm (median, 70 [44-100.7]), with high intra-observer agreement (ICC 0.996 [0.995; 0.997]). A significant positive correlation was found between pancreatic circumference, body mass index (BMI), gestational age, and birth weight. Pancreatic measurements were significantly higher in composite adverse outcomes cases that included at least one of respiratory distress syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia, infection, and sepsis (p < 0.001). No relationship was found between pancreatic echogenicity and perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION Fetal pancreas size was positively correlated with gestational age, BMI, and birth weight, and increased fetal pancreas size was associated with composite adverse neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Golbasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology, Bakircay University Cigli Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Bayraktar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceren Golbasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tinaztepe University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Omeroglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Konuralp Atakul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zubeyde Emiralioglu Cakir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Gumus Toka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Atalay Ekin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Perinatology, Izmir City Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Ryu S, Lee EK. The Pivotal Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5765. [PMID: 38891952 PMCID: PMC11171839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is an organ with both exocrine and endocrine functions, comprising a highly organized and complex tissue microenvironment composed of diverse cellular and non-cellular components. The impairment of microenvironmental homeostasis, mediated by the dysregulation of cell-to-cell crosstalk, can lead to pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer. Macrophages, key immune effector cells, can dynamically modulate their polarization status between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) modes, critically influencing the homeostasis of the pancreatic microenvironment and thus playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the pancreatic disease. This review aims to summarize current findings and provide detailed mechanistic insights into how alterations mediated by macrophage polarization contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatic disorders. By analyzing current research comprehensively, this article endeavors to deepen our mechanistic understanding of regulatory molecules that affect macrophage polarity and the intricate crosstalk that regulates pancreatic function within the microenvironment, thereby facilitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies that target perturbations in the pancreatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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7
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Han X, Li D, Zhu Y, Schneider-Futschik EK. Recommended Tool Compounds for Modifying the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Channel Variants. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:933-950. [PMID: 38633590 PMCID: PMC11019735 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder arising from variations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leading to multiple organ system defects. CFTR tool compounds are molecules that can modify the activity of the CFTR channel. Especially, patients that are currently not able to benefit from approved CFTR modulators, such as patients with rare CFTR variants, benefit from further research in discovering novel tools to modulate CFTR. This Review explores the development and classification of CFTR tool compounds, including CFTR blockers (CFTRinh-172, GlyH-101), potentiators (VRT-532, Genistein), correctors (VRT-325, Corr-4a), and other approved and unapproved modulators, with detailed descriptions and discussions for each compound. The challenges and future directions in targeting rare variants and optimizing drug delivery, and the potential synergistic effects in combination therapies are outlined. CFTR modulation holds promise not only for CF treatment but also for generating CF models that contribute to CF research and potentially treating other diseases such as secretory diarrhea. Therefore, continued research on CFTR tool compounds is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoXuan Han
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elena K. Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology,
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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8
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Pollin G, Mathison AJ, de Assuncao TM, Thomas A, Zeighami L, Salmonson A, Liu H, Urrutia G, Vankayala P, Pandol SJ, Zimmermann MT, Iovanna J, Jin VX, Urrutia R, Lomberk G. EHMT2 Inactivation in Pancreatic Epithelial Cells Shapes the Transcriptional Landscape and Inflammation Response of the Whole Pancreas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.584700. [PMID: 38529489 PMCID: PMC10962735 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.584700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The Euchromatic Histone Methyl Transferase Protein 2 (EHMT2), also known as G9a, deposits transcriptionally repressive chromatin marks that play pivotal roles in the maturation and homeostasis of multiple organs. Recently, we have shown that EHMT2 inactivation alters growth and immune gene expression networks, antagonizing KRAS-mediated pancreatic cancer initiation and promotion. Here, we elucidate the essential role of EHMT2 in maintaining a transcriptional landscape that protects organs from inflammation. Comparative RNA-seq studies between normal postnatal and young adult pancreatic tissue from EHMT2 conditional knockout animals ( EHMT2 fl/fl ) targeted to the exocrine pancreatic epithelial cells ( Pdx1-Cre and P48 Cre/+ ), reveal alterations in gene expression networks in the whole organ related to injury-inflammation-repair, suggesting an increased predisposition to damage. Thus, we induced an inflammation repair response in the EHMT2 fl/fl pancreas and used a data science-based approach to integrate RNA-seq-derived pathways and networks, deconvolution digital cytology, and spatial transcriptomics. We also analyzed the tissue response to damage at the morphological, biochemical, and molecular pathology levels. The EHMT2 fl/fl pancreas displays an enhanced injury-inflammation-repair response, offering insights into fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this process. More importantly, these data show that conditional EHMT2 inactivation in exocrine cells reprograms the local environment to recruit mesenchymal and immunological cells needed to mount an increased inflammatory response. Mechanistically, this response is an enhanced injury-inflammation-repair reaction with a small contribution of specific EHMT2-regulated transcripts. Thus, this new knowledge extends the mechanisms underlying the role of the EHMT2-mediated pathway in suppressing pancreatic cancer initiation and modulating inflammatory pancreatic diseases.
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9
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Bani-Ahmad MA, Abu Tayyem NE. The Modulation of Euglycemic Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreatic Secretions in Iron Deficiency. Med Princ Pract 2024; 33:260-268. [PMID: 38479367 PMCID: PMC11175607 DOI: 10.1159/000538335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of pancreatic secretions in iron metabolism has been elucidated, but the clinical outcomes of iron deficiency on pancreatic function are debatable. This study aimed to investigate the modulation of euglycemic endocrine and exocrine pancreatic excretions in response to variations in iron availability. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum levels of insulin, glucagon, insulin-to-glucagon ratio (IGR), and amylase were determined in 170 adult subjects with variable levels of serum iron. RESULTS Control (n = 46) and iron-deficient (n = 124) subjects had significant differences (p < 0.001) in their average levels of insulin (68.7 ± 0.5 vs. 100.0 ± 2.0 pmol/dL), glucagon (17.9 ± 0.6 vs. 10.8 ± 0.8 pmol/dL), IGR (4.0 ± 0.1 vs. 19.5 ± 2.1), and amylase (29.7 ± 0.9 vs. 17.5 ± 0.2). The upregulation of serum insulin levels increases proportionally and gradually to the extent of iron deficiency as compared to an abrupt downregulation of serum levels of glucagon and amylase. A significant association was observed between serum iron and IGR (r = -0.645, p < 0.001) and amylase levels (r = 0.653, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis defines an excellent predictivity of the reduced serum iron level to discriminate subjects with upregulated IGR and amylase levels with area under curves of 0.938 and 0.905, respectively. CONCLUSION Iron deficiency is associated with an adaptive modulation of euglycemic endocrine and exocrine secretions that is consistent with a status of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Bani-Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Noor E Abu Tayyem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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10
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Garcia MAG, Imam S, Braun UK, Jackson LK. Rational Prescribing of Pancreatic Enzymes for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. PHARMACY 2024; 12:47. [PMID: 38525727 PMCID: PMC10961774 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Most patients with pancreatic cancer at some point present with symptoms related to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). These include diarrhea, abdominal bloating, indigestion, steatorrhea, weight loss, and anorexia. Even though up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients eventually present with symptoms related to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, only 21% are prescribed pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). Its effectiveness is also highly dependent on its proper timing of administration, and patients must be thoroughly educated about this. The impact of symptoms of EPI can lead to poorer overall well-being. Pharmacists play a crucial role in properly educating patients on the correct use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. PERT is a key strategy in managing the symptoms of EPI and can improve quality of life, which is a central focus in palliative care. This treatment is profoundly underutilized in the palliative care of these patients. The objective of this review is to discuss the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, side effects, available evidence of the effectiveness of pancreatic enzyme use for patients with pancreatic cancer, and challenges, along with proposed solutions regarding its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Acelle G. Garcia
- Rehabilitation & Extended Care Line, Section of Palliative Medicine, Michael E DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.I.); (U.K.B.); (L.K.J.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Syed Imam
- Rehabilitation & Extended Care Line, Section of Palliative Medicine, Michael E DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.I.); (U.K.B.); (L.K.J.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ursula K. Braun
- Rehabilitation & Extended Care Line, Section of Palliative Medicine, Michael E DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.I.); (U.K.B.); (L.K.J.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leanne K. Jackson
- Rehabilitation & Extended Care Line, Section of Palliative Medicine, Michael E DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.I.); (U.K.B.); (L.K.J.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Gordon WE, Baek S, Nguyen HP, Kuo YM, Bradley R, Fong SL, Kim N, Galazyuk A, Lee I, Ingala MR, Simmons NB, Schountz T, Cooper LN, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Hemberg M, Ahituv N. Integrative single-cell characterization of a frugivorous and an insectivorous bat kidney and pancreas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:12. [PMID: 38195585 PMCID: PMC10776631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we use integrative single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq) on insectivorous (Eptesicus fuscus; big brown bat) and frugivorous (Artibeus jamaicensis; Jamaican fruit bat) bat kidneys and pancreases and identify key cell population, gene expression and regulatory differences associated with the Jamaican fruit bat that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes. We find a decrease in loop of Henle and an increase in collecting duct cells, and differentially active genes and regulatory elements involved in fluid and electrolyte balance in the Jamaican fruit bat kidney. The Jamaican fruit bat pancreas shows an increase in endocrine and a decrease in exocrine cells, and differences in genes and regulatory elements involved in insulin regulation. We also find that these frugivorous bats share several molecular characteristics with human diabetes. Combined, our work provides insights from a frugivorous mammal that could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei E Gordon
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Biology, Menlo College, 1000 El Camino Real, Atherton, CA, 94027, USA
| | - Seungbyn Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yien-Ming Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Rachael Bradley
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Sarah L Fong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Galazyuk
- Hearing Research Focus Area, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Melissa R Ingala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Tony Schountz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Lisa Noelle Cooper
- Musculoskeletal Research Focus Area, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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12
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Biswas S, Baruah M, Shil A, Sarkar S, Ali M, Samanta A, Bhuniya S. Polarity-Driven Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring the Perturbation in Lipid Droplet Levels during Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Acute Pancreatitis. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3793-3803. [PMID: 37815484 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) act as an energy reservoir in cancer cells; on the other hand, mitochondria are hyperactive to fulfill the energy demand to accelerate cell proliferation. We are interested in unfolding the relationship between the cellular energy reservoir and energy producer through fluorescence labeling. Thus, a dual organelle-targeted fluorescent probe MLD-1 has been rationally developed. It visualized the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and the fluctuation of LDs in live cells. Its two-photon ability allowed us to acquire deep tissue images. For the first time, we have shown that the probe has the ability to track the accumulation of LDs in different mouse organs during pancreatic inflammation. MLD-1, being a selectively polarity-driven, chemo- and photostable LD probe, may offer great possibilities for studying LD-associated biology in due course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayeri Biswas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Mousumi Baruah
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudassar Ali
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India
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13
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Carvalho MR, Yan LP, Li B, Zhang CH, He YL, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Gastrointestinal organs and organoids-on-a-chip: advances and translation into the clinics. Biofabrication 2023; 15:042004. [PMID: 37699408 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acf8fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic organs and organoids-on-a-chip models of human gastrointestinal systems have been established to recreate adequate microenvironments to study physiology and pathophysiology. In the effort to find more emulating systems and less costly models for drugs screening or fundamental studies, gastrointestinal system organoids-on-a-chip have arisen as promising pre-clinicalin vitromodel. This progress has been built on the latest developments of several technologies such as bioprinting, microfluidics, and organoid research. In this review, we will focus on healthy and disease models of: human microbiome-on-a-chip and its rising correlation with gastro pathophysiology; stomach-on-a-chip; liver-on-a-chip; pancreas-on-a-chip; inflammation models, small intestine, colon and colorectal cancer organoids-on-a-chip and multi-organoids-on-a-chip. The current developments related to the design, ability to hold one or more 'organs' and its challenges, microfluidic features, cell sources and whether they are used to test drugs are overviewed herein. Importantly, their contribution in terms of drug development and eminent clinical translation in precision medicine field, Food and Drug Administration approved models, and the impact of organoid-on-chip technology in terms of pharmaceutical research and development costs are also discussed by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Le-Ping Yan
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hua Zhang
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long He
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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14
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Giarrizzo M, LaComb JF, Bialkowska AB. The Role of Krüppel-like Factors in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108589. [PMID: 37239940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors with three highly conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus. They regulate homeostasis, development, and disease progression in many tissues. It has been shown that KLFs play an essential role in the endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas. They are necessary to maintain glucose homeostasis and have been implicated in the development of diabetes. Furthermore, they can be a vital tool in enabling pancreas regeneration and disease modeling. Finally, the KLF family contains proteins that act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. A subset of members has a biphasic function, being upregulated in the early stages of oncogenesis and stimulating its progression and downregulated in the late stages to allow for tumor dissemination. Here, we describe KLFs' function in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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15
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Hernandez OL, Hussain M, Suarez ZK, Nagi T, Zahra T. Duodenal Fibrosis Mimicking Neoplastic Obstructive Hepatopathy in the Setting of Lynch Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e35679. [PMID: 37012941 PMCID: PMC10066623 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a rare complication of chronic inflammation resulting from various etiologies, including surgery, abdominal radiation, and inflammatory bowel disease. Consequences of intestinal fibrosis include intestinal dysmotility, malabsorption, and obstruction. Patients with Lynch syndrome are predisposed to developing intestinal adenocarcinoma including in the small intestines which typically require intra-abdominal procedures that expose them to fibrogenic triggers. Here, we present a rare case of duodenal fibrosis involving the sphincter of Oddi leading to malabsorption and gastrointestinal symptoms in a patient with Lynch syndrome requiring advanced endoscopy interventions.
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16
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Gordon WE, Baek S, Nguyen HP, Kuo YM, Bradley R, Galazyuk A, Lee I, Ingala MR, Simmons NB, Schountz T, Cooper LN, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Hemberg M, Ahituv N. Integrative single-cell characterization of frugivory adaptations in the bat kidney and pancreas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.12.528204. [PMID: 36824791 PMCID: PMC9949079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.12.528204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we used integrative single-cell sequencing on insectivorous and frugivorous bat kidneys and pancreases and identified key cell population, gene expression and regulatory element differences associated with frugivorous adaptation that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes. We found an increase in collecting duct cells and differentially active genes and regulatory elements involved in fluid and electrolyte balance in the frugivore kidney. In the frugivorous pancreas, we observed an increase in endocrine and a decrease in exocrine cells and differences in genes and regulatory elements involved in insulin regulation. Combined, our work provides novel insights into frugivorous adaptation that also could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.
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17
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Paganos P, Ronchi P, Carl J, Mizzon G, Martinez P, Benvenuto G, Arnone MI. Integrating single cell transcriptomics and volume electron microscopy confirms the presence of pancreatic acinar-like cells in sea urchins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991664. [PMID: 36060803 PMCID: PMC9437490 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The identity and function of a given cell type relies on the differential expression of gene batteries that promote diverse phenotypes and functional specificities. Therefore, the identification of the molecular and morphological fingerprints of cell types across taxa is essential for untangling their evolution. Here we use a multidisciplinary approach to identify the molecular and morphological features of an exocrine, pancreas-like cell type harbored within the sea urchin larval gut. Using single cell transcriptomics, we identify various cell populations with a pancreatic-like molecular fingerprint that are enriched within the S. purpuratus larva digestive tract. Among these, in the region where they reside, the midgut/stomach domain, we find that populations of exocrine pancreas-like cells have a unique regulatory wiring distinct from the rest the of the cell types of the same region. Furthermore, Serial Block-face scanning Electron Microscopy (SBEM) of the exocrine cells shows that this reported molecular diversity is associated to distinct morphological features that reflect the physiological and functional properties of this cell type. Therefore, we propose that these sea urchin exocrine cells are homologous to the well-known mammalian pancreatic acinar cells and thus we trace the origin of this particular cell type to the time of deuterostome diversification. Overall, our approach allows a thorough characterization of a complex cell type and shows how both the transcriptomic and morphological information contribute to disentangling the evolution of cell types and organs such as the pancreatic cells and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jil Carl
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mizzon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain,Genetics Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Ina Arnone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Maria Ina Arnone,
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