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Zhang X, Burattini M, Duru J, Chala N, Wyssen N, Cofiño-Fabres C, Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Passier R, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A, Tringides C, Vörös J, Luciani GB, Miragoli M, Zambelli T. Multimodal Mapping of Electrical and Mechanical Latency of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Layers. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39172696 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The synchronization of the electrical and mechanical coupling assures the physiological pump function of the heart, but life-threatening pathologies may jeopardize this equilibrium. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have emerged as a model for personalized investigation because they can recapitulate human diseased traits, such as compromised electrical capacity or mechanical circuit disruption. This research avails the model of hiPSC-CMs and showcases innovative techniques to study the electrical and mechanical properties as well as their modulation due to inherited cardiomyopathies. In this work, hiPSC-CMs carrying either Brugada syndrome (BRU) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), were organized in a bilayer configuration to first validate the experimental methods and second mimic the physiological environment. High-density CMOS-based microelectrode arrays (HD-MEA) have been employed to study the electrical activity. Furthermore, mechanical function was investigated via quantitative video-based evaluation, upon stimulation with a β-adrenergic agonist. This study introduces two experimental methods. First, high-throughput mechanical measurements in the hiPSC-CM layers (xy-inspection) are obtained using both a recently developed optical tracker (OPT) and confocal reference-free traction force microscopy (cTFM) aimed to quantify cardiac kinematics. Second, atomic force microscopy (AFM) with FluidFM probes, combined with the xy-inspection methods, supplemented a three-dimensional understanding of cell-cell mechanical coupling (xyz-inspection). This particular combination represents a multi-technique approach to detecting electrical and mechanical latency among the cell layers, examining differences and possible implications following inherited cardiomyopathies. It can not only detect disease characteristics in the proposed in vitro model but also quantitatively assess its response to drugs, thereby demonstrating its feasibility as a scalable tool for clinical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich,Switzerland
| | - Margherita Burattini
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Medical Technologies, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Department of Maternity, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Jens Duru
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich,Switzerland
| | - Nafsika Chala
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich,Switzerland
| | - Nino Wyssen
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich,Switzerland
| | - Carla Cofiño-Fabres
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherland
| | - José Manuel Rivera-Arbeláez
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherland
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich,Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich,Switzerland
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christina Tringides
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich,Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich,Switzerland
| | | | - Michele Miragoli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Medical Technologies, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Humanitas Research Hospital ─ IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich,Switzerland
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Vuorenpää H, Valtonen J, Penttinen K, Koskimäki S, Hovinen E, Ahola A, Gering C, Parraga J, Kelloniemi M, Hyttinen J, Kellomäki M, Aalto-Setälä K, Miettinen S, Pekkanen-Mattila M. Gellan gum-gelatin based cardiac models support formation of cellular networks and functional cardiomyocytes. Cytotechnology 2024; 76:483-502. [PMID: 38933872 PMCID: PMC11196475 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-024-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain as the most common cause of death worldwide. To reveal the underlying mechanisms in varying cardiovascular diseases, in vitro models with cells and supportive biomaterial can be designed to recapitulate the essential components of human heart. In this study, we analyzed whether 3D co-culture of cardiomyocytes (CM) with vascular network and with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASC) can support CM functionality. CM were cultured with either endothelial cells (EC) and ASC or with only ASC in hydrazide-modified gelatin and oxidized gellan gum hybrid hydrogel to form cardiovascular multiculture and myocardial co-culture, respectively. We studied functional characteristics of CM in two different cellular set-ups and analyzed vascular network formation, cellular morphology and orientation. The results showed that gellan gum-gelatin hydrogel supports formation of two different cellular networks and functional CM. We detected formation of a modest vascular network in cardiovascular multiculture and extensive ASC-derived alpha smooth muscle actin -positive cellular network in multi- and co-culture. iPSC-CM showed elongated morphology, partly aligned orientation with the formed networks and presented normal calcium transients, beating rates, and contraction and relaxation behavior in both setups. These 3D cardiac models provide promising platforms to study (patho) physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-024-00630-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Vuorenpää
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joona Valtonen
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Penttinen
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Koskimäki
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Hovinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ahola
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christine Gering
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenny Parraga
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kelloniemi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Pekkanen-Mattila
- Heart Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Beslika E, Leite-Moreira A, De Windt LJ, da Costa Martins PA. Large animal models of pressure overload-induced cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy to study remodelling of the human heart with aortic stenosis. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:461-475. [PMID: 38428029 PMCID: PMC11060489 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathologic cardiac hypertrophy is a common consequence of many cardiovascular diseases, including aortic stenosis (AS). AS is known to increase the pressure load of the left ventricle, causing a compensative response of the cardiac muscle, which progressively will lead to dilation and heart failure. At a cellular level, this corresponds to a considerable increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, known as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, while their proliferation capacity is attenuated upon the first developmental stages. Cardiomyocytes, in order to cope with the increased workload (overload), suffer alterations in their morphology, nuclear content, energy metabolism, intracellular homeostatic mechanisms, contractile activity, and cell death mechanisms. Moreover, modifications in the cardiomyocyte niche, involving inflammation, immune infiltration, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, contribute to the subsequent events of a pathologic hypertrophic response. Considering the emerging need for a better understanding of the condition and treatment improvement, as the only available treatment option of AS consists of surgical interventions at a late stage of the disease, when the cardiac muscle state is irreversible, large animal models have been developed to mimic the human condition, to the greatest extend. Smaller animal models lack physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms that sufficiently resemblance humans and in vitro techniques yet fail to provide adequate complexity. Animals, such as the ferret (Mustello purtorius furo), lapine (rabbit, Oryctolagus cunigulus), feline (cat, Felis catus), canine (dog, Canis lupus familiaris), ovine (sheep, Ovis aries), and porcine (pig, Sus scrofa), have contributed to research by elucidating implicated cellular and molecular mechanisms of the condition. Essential discoveries of each model are reported and discussed briefly in this review. Results of large animal experimentation could further be interpreted aiming at prevention of the disease progress or, alternatively, at regression of the implicated pathologic mechanisms to a physiologic state. This review summarizes the important aspects of the pathophysiology of LV hypertrophy and the applied surgical large animal models that currently better mimic the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Beslika
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leon J De Windt
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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