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Świeżawska-Boniecka B, Szmidt-Jaworska A. Phytohormones and cyclic nucleotides - Long-awaited couples? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 286:154005. [PMID: 37186984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brygida Świeżawska-Boniecka
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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2
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Großeholz R, Wanke F, Rohr L, Glöckner N, Rausch L, Scholl S, Scacchi E, Spazierer AJ, Shabala L, Shabala S, Schumacher K, Kummer U, Harter K. Computational modeling and quantitative physiology reveal central parameters for brassinosteroid-regulated early cell physiological processes linked to elongation growth of the Arabidopsis root. eLife 2022; 11:e73031. [PMID: 36069528 PMCID: PMC9525061 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BR) are key hormonal regulators of plant development. However, whereas the individual components of BR perception and signaling are well characterized experimentally, the question of how they can act and whether they are sufficient to carry out the critical function of cellular elongation remains open. Here, we combined computational modeling with quantitative cell physiology to understand the dynamics of the plasma membrane (PM)-localized BR response pathway during the initiation of cellular responses in the epidermis of the Arabidopsis root tip that are be linked to cell elongation. The model, consisting of ordinary differential equations, comprises the BR-induced hyperpolarization of the PM, the acidification of the apoplast and subsequent cell wall swelling. We demonstrate that the competence of the root epidermal cells for the BR response predominantly depends on the amount and activity of H+-ATPases in the PM. The model further predicts that an influx of cations is required to compensate for the shift of positive charges caused by the apoplastic acidification. A potassium channel was subsequently identified and experimentally characterized, fulfilling this function. Thus, we established the landscape of components and parameters for physiological processes potentially linked to cell elongation, a central process in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Großeholz
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- BioQuant, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Friederike Wanke
- Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | - Leander Rohr
- Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nina Glöckner
- Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | - Luiselotte Rausch
- Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | - Stefan Scholl
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Emanuele Scacchi
- Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University of TubingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Ecological and biological Science, Tuscia UniversityViterboItaly
| | | | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- BioQuant, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Molecular Biology of Plants, University of TubingenTübingenGermany
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3
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Ma Y, Shao L, Zhang W, Zheng F. Hydrogen sulfide induced by hydrogen peroxide mediates brassinosteroid-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:195-205. [PMID: 32910883 DOI: 10.1071/fp20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its relationship with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in brassinosteroid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. were investigated. In the present study, 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR, a bioactive BR) induced stomatal closure in the wild type, the effects were inhibited by H2S scavenger and synthesis inhibitors, and H2O2 scavengers and synthesis inhibitor. However, EBR failed to close the stomata of mutants Atl-cdes, Atd-cdes, AtrbohF and AtrbohD/F. Additionally, EBR induced increase of L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-/D-CDes) activity, H2S production, and H2O2 production in the wild type, and the effects were inhibited by H2S scavenger and synthesis inhibitors, and H2O2 scavengers and synthesis inhibitor respectively. Furthermore, EBR increased H2O2 levels in the guard cells of AtrbohD mutant, but couldn't raise H2O2 levels in the guard cells of AtrbohF and AtrbohD/F mutants. Next, scavengers and synthesis inhibitor of H2O2 could significantly inhibit EBR-induced rise of L-/D-CDes activity and H2S production in the wild type, but H2S scavenger and synthesis inhibitors failed to repress EBR-induced H2O2 production. EBR could increase H2O2 levels in the guard cells of Atl-cdes and Atd-cdes mutants, but EBR failed to induce increase of L-/D-CDes activity and H2S production in AtrbohF and AtrbohD/F mutants. Therefore, we conclude that H2S and H2O2 are involved in the signal transduction pathway of EBR-induced stomatal closure. Altogether, our data suggested that EBR induces AtrbohF-dependent H2O2 production and subsequent AtL-CDes-/AtD-CDes-catalysed H2S production, and finally closes stomata in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, People's Republic of China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Luhan Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxi Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, People's Republic of China
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Chen CY, Lin PH, Chen KH, Cheng YS. Structural insights into Arabidopsis ethylene response factor 96 with an extended N-terminal binding to GCC box. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:483-498. [PMID: 32813232 PMCID: PMC7593309 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is widely involved in many developmental processes and is a crucial regulator of defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Ethylene-responsive element binding protein, a member of the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily, is a transcription factor that regulates stress-responsive genes by recognizing a specific cis-acting element of target DNA. A previous study showed only the NMR structure of the AP2/ERF domain of AtERF100 in complex with a GCC box DNA motif. In this report, we determined the crystal structure of AtERF96 in complex with a GCC box at atomic resolution. We analyzed the binding residues of the conserved AP2/ERF domain in the DNA recognition sequence. In addition to the AP2/ERF domain, an N-terminal α-helix of AtERF96 participates in DNA interaction in the flanking region. We also demonstrated the structure of AtERF96 EDLL motif, a unique conserved motif in the group IX of AP2/ERF family, might involve in the transactivation of defense-related genes. Our study establishes the structural basis of the AtERF96 transcription factor in complex with the GCC box, as well as the DNA binding mechanisms of the N-terminal α-helix and AP2/ERF domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hung Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Großeholz R, Feldman-Salit A, Wanke F, Schulze S, Glöckner N, Kemmerling B, Harter K, Kummer U. Specifying the role of BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 in brassinosteroid signaling. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:456-469. [PMID: 30912278 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BR) are involved in the control of several developmental processes ranging from root elongation to senescence and adaptation to environmental cues. Thus, BR perception and signaling have to be precisely regulated. One regulator is BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1)-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 (BIR3). In the absence of BR, BIR3 forms complexes with BR insensitive 1 (BRI1) and BAK1. However, the biophysical and energetic requirements for complex formation in the absence of the ligand have yet to be determined. Using computational modeling, we simulated the potential complexes between the cytoplasmic domains of BAK1, BRI1 and BIR3. Our calculations and experimental data confirm the interaction of BIR3 with BAK1 and BRI1, with the BAK1 BIR3 interaction clearly favored. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BIR3 and BRI1 share the same interaction site with BAK1. This suggests a competition between BIR3 and BRI1 for binding to BAK1, which results in preferential binding of BIR3 to BAK1 in the absence of the ligand thereby preventing the active participation of BAK1 in BR signaling. Our model also suggests that BAK1 and BRI1 can interact even while BAK1 is in complex with BIR3 at an additional binding site of BAK1 that does not allow active BR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Großeholz
- Centre for Organismal Studies/ BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Feldman-Salit
- Centre for Organismal Studies/ BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Wanke
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarina Schulze
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Glöckner
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Centre for Organismal Studies/ BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Theune ML, Bloss U, Brand LH, Ladwig F, Wanke D. Phylogenetic Analyses and GAGA-Motif Binding Studies of BBR/BPC Proteins Lend to Clues in GAGA-Motif Recognition and a Regulatory Role in Brassinosteroid Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:466. [PMID: 31057577 PMCID: PMC6477699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant GAGA-motif binding factors are encoded by the BARLEY B RECOMBINANT / BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BBR/BPC) family, which fulfill indispensable functions in growth and development. BBR/BPC proteins control flower development, size of the stem cell niche and seed development through transcriptional regulation of homeotic transcription factor genes. They are responsible for the context dependent recruitment of Polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) or other repressive proteins to GAGA-motifs, which are contained in Polycomb repressive DNA-elements (PREs). Hallmark of the protein family is the highly conserved BPC domain, which is required for DNA binding. Here we study the evolution and diversification of the BBR/BPC family and its DNA-binding domain. Our analyses supports a further division of the family into four main groups (I-IV) and several subgroups, to resolve a strict monophyletic descent of the BPC domain. We prove a polyphyletic origin for group III proteins, which evolved from group I and II members through extensive loss of domains in the N-terminus. Conserved motif searches lend to the identification of a WAR/KHGTN consensus and a TIR/K motif at the very C-terminus of the BPC-domain. We could show by DPI-ELISA that this signature is required for DNA-binding in AtBPC1. Additional binding studies with AtBPC1, AtBPC6 and mutated oligonucleotides consolidated the binding to GAGA tetramers. To validate these findings, we used previously published ChIP-seq data from GFP-BPC6. We uncovered that many genes of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway are targeted by AtBPC6. Consistently, bpc6, bpc4 bpc6, and lhp1 bpc4 bpc4 mutants display brassinosteroid-dependent root growth phenotypes. Both, a function in brassinosteroid signaling and our phylogenetic data supports a link between BBR/BPC diversification in the land plant lineage and the complexity of flower and seed plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius L. Theune
- Molecular Plant Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bloss
- ZMBP-Plant Physiology, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luise H. Brand
- ZMBP-Plant Physiology, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Dierk Wanke
- Molecular Plant Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- ZMBP-Plant Physiology, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dierk Wanke,
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7
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Bhardwaj J, Gangwar I, Panzade G, Shankar R, Yadav SK. Global De Novo Protein-Protein Interactome Elucidates Interactions of Drought-Responsive Proteins in Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum). J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1794-809. [PMID: 27161830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the availability of de novo transcriptome of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) and recent developments in systems biology studies, the first ever global protein-protein interactome (PPI) map was constructed for this highly drought-tolerant legume. Large-scale studies of PPIs and the constructed database would provide rationale behind the interplay at cascading translational levels for drought stress-adaptive mechanisms in horse gram. Using a bidirectional approach (interolog and domain-based), a high-confidence interactome map and database for horse gram was constructed. Available transcriptomic information for shoot and root tissues of a sensitive (M-191; genotype 1) and a drought-tolerant (M-249; genotype 2) genotype of horse gram was utilized to draw comparative PPI subnetworks under drought stress. High-confidence 6804 interactions were predicted among 1812 proteins covering about one-fourth of the horse gram proteome. The highest number of interactions (33.86%) in horse gram interactome matched with Arabidopsis PPI data. The top five hub nodes mostly included ubiquitin and heat-shock-related proteins. Higher numbers of PPIs were found to be responsive in shoot tissue (416) and root tissue (2228) of genotype 2 compared with shoot tissue (136) and root tissue (579) of genotype 1. Characterization of PPIs using gene ontology analysis revealed that kinase and transferase activities involved in signal transduction, cellular processes, nucleocytoplasmic transport, protein ubiquitination, and localization of molecules were most responsive to drought stress. Hence, these could be framed in stress adaptive mechanisms of horse gram. Being the first legume global PPI map, it would provide new insights into gene and protein regulatory networks for drought stress tolerance mechanisms in horse gram. Information compiled in the form of database (MauPIR) will provide the much needed high-confidence systems biology information for horse gram genes, proteins, and involved processes. This information would ease the effort and increase the efficacy for similar studies on other legumes. Public access is available at http://14.139.59.221/MauPIR/ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB) , Mohali 160071, Punjab, India
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8
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Yan J, Guan L, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Liu L, Lu R, Jiang M, Tan M, Zhang A. Calcium and ZmCCaMK are involved in brassinosteroid-induced antioxidant defense in maize leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:883-96. [PMID: 25647327 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been shown to enhance stress tolerance by inducing antioxidant defense systems. However, the mechanisms of BR-induced antioxidant defense in plants remain to be determined. In this study, the role of calcium (Ca(2+)) and maize calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK), ZmCCaMK, in BR-induced antioxidant defense, and the relationship between ZmCCaMK and Ca(2+) in BR signaling were investigated. BR treatment led to a significant increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in protoplasts from maize mesophyll, and Ca(2+) was shown to be required for BR-induced antioxidant defense. Treatment with BR induced increases in gene expression and enzyme activity of ZmCCaMK in maize leaves. Transient overexpression and silencing of ZmCCaMK in maize protoplasts demonstrated that ZmCCaMK was required for BR-induced antioxidant defense. The requirement for CCaMK was further investigated using a loss-of-function mutant of OsCCaMK, the orthologous gene of ZmCCaMK in rice. Consistent with the findings in maize, BR treatment could not induce antioxidant defense in the rice OsCCAMK mutant. Furthermore, Ca(2+) was required for BR-induced gene expression and activation of ZmCCaMK, while ZmCCaMK was shown to enhance the BR-induced increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. Moreover, our results also showed that ZmCCaMK and H2O2 influenced each other. These results indicate that Ca(2+) works together with ZmCCaMK in BR-induced antioxidant defense, and there are two positive feedback loops between Ca(2+) or H2O2 and ZmCCaMK in BR signaling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Li Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingpu Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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9
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Shi C, Qi C, Ren H, Huang A, Hei S, She X. Ethylene mediates brassinosteroid-induced stomatal closure via Gα protein-activated hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:280-301. [PMID: 25754244 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential for plant growth and development; however, whether and how they promote stomatal closure is not fully clear. In this study, we report that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a bioactive BR, induces stomatal closure in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by triggering a signal transduction pathway including ethylene synthesis, the activation of Gα protein, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) production. EBR initiated a marked rise in ethylene, H(2)O(2) and NO levels, necessary for stomatal closure in the wild type. These effects were abolished in mutant bri1-301, and EBR failed to close the stomata of gpa1 mutants. Next, we found that both ethylene and Gα mediate the inductive effects of EBR on H(2)O(2) and NO production. EBR-triggered H(2)O(2) and NO accumulation were canceled in the etr1 and gpa1 mutants, but were strengthened in the eto1-1 mutant and the cGα line (constitutively overexpressing the G protein α-subunit AtGPA1). Exogenously applied H(2)O(2) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) rescued the defects of etr1-3 and gpa1 or etr1 and gpa1 mutants in EBR-induced stomatal closure, whereas the stomata of eto1-1/AtrbohF and cGα/AtrbohF or eto1-1/nia1-2 and cGα/nia1-2 constructs had an analogous response to H(2)O(2) or SNP as those of AtrbohF or Nia1-2 mutants. Moreover, we provided evidence that Gα plays an important role in the responses of guard cells to ethylene. Gα activator CTX largely restored the lesion of the etr1-3 mutant, but ethylene precursor ACC failed to rescue the defects of gpa1 mutants in EBR-induced stomatal closure. Lastly, we demonstrated that Gα-activated H(2)O(2) production is required for NO synthesis. EBR failed to induce NO synthesis in mutant AtrbohF, but it led to H(2)O(2) production in mutant Nia1-2. Exogenously applied SNP rescued the defect of AtrbohF in EBR-induced stomatal closure, but H(2)O(2) did not reverse the lesion of EBR-induced stomatal closure in Nia1-2. Together, our results strongly suggest a signaling pathway in which EBR induces ethylene synthesis, thereby activating Gα, and then promotes AtrbohF-dependent H(2)O(2) production and subsequent Nia1-catalyzed NO accumulation, and finally closes stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China; School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, 546300, China
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10
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Zhao Y, Qi Z, Berkowitz GA. Teaching an old hormone new tricks: cytosolic Ca2+ elevation involvement in plant brassinosteroid signal transduction cascades. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:555-65. [PMID: 23852441 PMCID: PMC3793037 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.213371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are hormones that control many aspects of plant growth and development, acting at the cell level to promote division and expansion. BR regulation of plant and plant cell function occurs through altered expression of many genes. Transcriptional reprogramming downstream from cell perception of this hormone is currently known to be mediated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation ("phosphorelay") cascade that alters the stability of two master transcription regulators. Here, we provide evidence that BR perception by their receptor also causes an elevation in cytosolic Ca(2+), initiating a Ca(2+) signaling cascade in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell cytosol. BR-dependent increases in the expression of some genes (INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID-INDUCIBLE1 and PHYTOCHROME B ACTIVATION-TAGGED SUPPRESSOR1) were impaired in wild-type plants by a Ca(2+) channel blocker and also in the defense-no-death (dnd1) mutant, which lacks a functional cyclic GMP-activated cell membrane Ca(2+)-conducting channel. Alternatively, mutations that impair the BR phosphorelay cascade did not much affect the BR-dependent expression of these genes. Similar effects of the Ca(2+) channel blocker and dnd1 mutation were observed on a BR plant growth phenotype, deetiolation of the seedling hypocotyl. Further evidence presented in this report suggests that a BR-dependent elevation in cyclic GMP may be involved in the Ca(2+) signaling cascade initiated by this hormone. The work presented here leads to a new model of the molecular steps that mediate some of the cell responses to this plant hormone.
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11
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van Esse GW, Harter K, de Vries SC. Computational modelling of the BRI1 receptor system. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1728-1737. [PMID: 23421559 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Computational models are useful tools to help understand signalling pathways in plant cells. A systems biology approach where models and experimental data are combined can provide experimentally verifiable predictions and novel insights. The brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1) receptor is one of the best-understood receptor systems in Arabidopsis with clearly described ligands, mutants and associated phenotypes. Therefore, BRI1-mediated signalling is attractive for mathematical modelling approaches to understand and interpret the spatial and temporal dynamics of signal transduction cascades in planta. To establish such a model, quantitative data sets incorporating local protein concentration, binding affinity and phosphorylation state of the different pathway components are essential. Computational modelling is increasingly employed in studies of plant growth and development. In this section, we have focused on the use of quantitative imaging of fluorescently labelled proteins as an entry point in modelling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wilma van Esse
- Department of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Gruszka D. The brassinosteroid signaling pathway-new key players and interconnections with other signaling networks crucial for plant development and stress tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8740-74. [PMID: 23615468 PMCID: PMC3676754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14058740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones regulating a wide range of physiological processes during the plant life cycle from seed development to the modulation of flowering and senescence. The last decades, and recent years in particular, have witnessed a significant advance in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of BR signaling from perception by the transmembrane receptor complex to the regulation of transcription factors influencing expression of the target genes. Application of the new approaches shed light on the molecular functions of the key players regulating the BR signaling cascade and allowed identification of new factors. Recent studies clearly indicated that some of the components of BR signaling pathway act as multifunctional proteins involved in other signaling networks regulating diverse physiological processes, such as photomorphogenesis, cell death control, stomatal development, flowering, plant immunity to pathogens and metabolic responses to stress conditions, including salinity. Regulation of some of these processes is mediated through a crosstalk between BR signalosome and the signaling cascades of other hormones, including auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid. Unravelling the complicated mechanisms of BR signaling and its interconnections with other molecular networks may be of great importance for future practical applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice 40-032, Poland.
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Popescu SC. A model for the biosynthesis and transport of plasma membrane-associated signaling receptors to the cell surface. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:71. [PMID: 22639660 PMCID: PMC3355576 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular protein transport is emerging as critical in determining the outcome of receptor-activated signal transduction pathways. In plants, relatively little is known about the nature of the molecular components and mechanisms involved in coordinating receptor synthesis and transport to the cell surface. Recent advances in this field indicate that signaling pathways and intracellular transport machinery converge and coordinate to render receptors competent for signaling at their plasma membrane (PM) activity sites. The biogenesis and transport to the cell surface of signaling receptors appears to require both general trafficking and receptor-specific factors. Several molecular determinants, residing or associated with compartments of the secretory pathway and known to influence aspects in receptor biogenesis, are discussed and integrated into a predictive cooperative model for the functional expression of signaling receptors at the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina C. Popescu
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchIthaca, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Sorina C. Popescu, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. e-mail:
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