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Tang L, Li D, Liu W, Tang Y, Zhang R, Tian Y, Tan R, Yang X, Sun L. Microneedle electrochemical sensor based on disposable stainless-steel wire for real-time analysis of indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid in tomato leaves infected by Pst DC3000 in situ. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342875. [PMID: 38969433 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA), pivotal regulators in plant growth, are integral to a variety of plant physiological activities. The ongoing and simultaneous monitoring of these hormones in vivo enhances our comprehension of their interactive and regulatory roles. Traditional detection methods, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, cannot obtain precise and immediate information on IAA and SA due to the complexity of sample processing. In contrast, the electrochemical detection method offers high sensitivity, rapid response times, and compactness, making it well-suited for in vivo or real-time detection applications. RESULTS A microneedle electrochemical sensor system crafted from disposable stainless steel (SS) wire was specifically designed for the real-time assessment of IAA and SA in plant in situ. This sensor system included a SS wire (100 μm diameter) coated with carbon cement and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, a plain platinum wire (100 μm diameter), and an Ag/AgCl wire (100 μm diameter). Differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry were adopted for detecting SA and IAA within the range of 0.1-20 μM, respectively. This sensor was applied to track IAA and SA fluctuations in tomato leaves during PstDC3000 infection, offering continuous data. Observations indicated an uptick in SA levels following infection, while IAA production was suppressed. The newly developed disposable SS wire-based microneedle electrochemical sensor system is economical, suitable for mass production, and inflicts minimal damage during the monitoring of SA and IAA in plant tissues. SIGNIFICANCE This disposable microneedle electrochemical sensor facilitates in vivo detection of IAA and SA in smaller plant tissues and allows for long-time monitoring of their concentrations, which not only propels research into the regulatory and interaction mechanisms of IAA and SA but also furnishes essential tools for advancing precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China; Analysis and Testing Center, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Daodong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yihui Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Rongcheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yiran Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Rong Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Lijun Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
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Duran-Rivera B, Rojas-Rodas F, Silva López W, Gómez-Suárez C, Castro Restrepo D. Enhancing Eritadenine Production in Submerged Cultures of Shiitake ( Lentinula edodes Berk. Pegler) Using Blue LED Light and Activated Charcoal. Revealing Eritadenine's Novel In Vitro Bioherbicidal Activity Against Chrysanthemum morifolium. MYCOBIOLOGY 2024; 52:145-159. [PMID: 38948450 PMCID: PMC11210419 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2024.2350207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Eritadenine from shiitake mushroom is a secondary metabolite with hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive and antiparasitic properties, thus promising for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. Eritadenine is obtained from submerged mycelial cultures of shiitake, but the actual yields remain unsatisfactory to explore potential applications or industrial-scale production. In this study, green and blue LED lights were tested to increase yields of eritadenine in submerged cultures of shiitake. Notably, blue LEDs increased yields by 13-14 times, reaching 165.7 mg/L, compared to darkness (11.2 mg/L) and green light (12.1 mg/L) (p < 0.05, Tukey test). Nitrogen sources yeast extract (YE) and peptone (at 2 g/L) increased eritadenine production. YE promoted 22.6 mg/L, while peptone 18.3 mg/L. The recovery of eritadenine was evaluated using amberlite and activated charcoal (AC) adsorption isotherms. AC demonstrated the highest adsorption rate, with 75 mg of eritadenine per gram of AC, according to the Freundlich isotherm. The desorption rate reached 93.95% at pH 10. The extract obtained from submerged cultures had eritadenine content of 63.31%, corresponding to 87.86% of recovery, according to HPLC analysis. Furthermore, the novel bioherbicidal potential of eritadenine was tested on in vitro Chrysanthemum morifolium plants. The cultures extract containing eritadenine had a detrimental impact on plant development, generating mortality of 100% at 3%, 0.5%, and 0.25%. Moreover, pure eritadenine exhibited a phytotoxic effect similar than glyphosate on leaves, stems and roots. These findings highlight the significant bioherbicidal properties of eritadenine. Further studies are needed to understand the biosynthetic pathway of eritadenine and its bioherbicidal properties on weeds and illicit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Duran-Rivera
- Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Católica de Oriente, Rionegro, Colombia
| | - Felipe Rojas-Rodas
- Grupo de Investigación en Innovación Digital y Desarrollo Social, Universidad digital de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wilber Silva López
- Grupo de Óptica y Espectroscopía, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Crhistian Gómez-Suárez
- Centro de la Ciencia y la Investigación Farmacéutica CECIF, Validaciones y Estabilidades, Sabaneta, Colombia
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Tanaka T, Fujita M, Kusajima M, Narita F, Asami T, Maruyama-Nakashita A, Nakajima M, Nakashita H. Priming of Immune System in Tomato by Treatment with Low Concentration of L-Methionine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6315. [PMID: 38928022 PMCID: PMC11204331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Various metabolites, including phytohormones, phytoalexins, and amino acids, take part in the plant immune system. Herein, we analyzed the effects of L-methionine (Met), a sulfur-containing amino acid, on the plant immune system in tomato. Treatment with low concentrations of Met enhanced the resistance of tomato to a broad range of diseases caused by the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Bc), although it did not induce the production of any antimicrobial substances against these pathogens in tomato leaf tissues. Analyses of gene expression and phytohormone accumulation indicated that Met treatment alone did not activate the defense signals mediated by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. However, the salicylic acid-responsive defense gene and the jasmonic acid-responsive gene were induced more rapidly in Met-treated plants after infection with Pst and Bc, respectively. These findings suggest that low concentrations of Met have a priming effect on the phytohormone-mediated immune system in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Moeka Fujita
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.T.); (M.F.)
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Miyuki Kusajima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan; (M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Futo Narita
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan; (M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Masami Nakajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;
| | - Hideo Nakashita
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.T.); (M.F.)
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Yang L, Teng Y, Bu S, Ma B, Guo S, Liang M, Huang L. Effect of SlSAHH2 on metabolites in over-expressed and wild-type tomato fruit. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17466. [PMID: 38827284 PMCID: PMC11143970 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an annual or perennial herb that occupies an important position in daily agricultural production. It is an essential food crop for humans and its ripening process is regulated by a number of genes. S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase, EC 3.3.1.1) is widespread in organisms and plays an important role in regulating biological methylation reactions. Previous studies have revealed that transgenic tomato that over-express SlSAHH2 ripen earlier than the wild-type (WT). However, the differences in metabolites and the mechanisms driving how these differences affect the ripening cycle are unclear. Objective To investigate the effects of SlSAHH2 on metabolites in over-expressed tomato and WT tomato. Methods SlSAHH2 over-expressed tomato fruit (OE-5# and OE-6#) and WT tomato fruit at the breaker stage (Br) were selected for non-targeted metabolome analysis. Results A total of 733 metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and the Human Metabolome database (HMDB). The metabolites were divided into 12 categories based on the superclass results and a comparison with the HMDB. The differences between the two databases were analyzed by PLS-DA. Based on a variable important in projection value >1 and P < 0.05, 103 differential metabolites were found between tomato variety OE-5# and WT and 63 differential metabolites were found between OE-6# and WT. These included dehydrotomatine, L-serine, and gallic acid amongst others. Many metabolites are associated with fruit ripening and eight common metabolites were found between the OE-5# vs. WT and OE-6# vs. WT comparison groups. The low L-tryptophan expression in OE-5# and OE-6# is consistent with previous reports that its content decreases with fruit ripening. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the significantly different metabolites revealed that in the OE-5# and WT groups, up-regulated metabolites were enriched in 23 metabolic pathways and down-regulated metabolites were enriched in 11 metabolic pathways. In the OE-6# and WT groups, up-regulated metabolites were enriched in 29 pathways and down-regulated metabolites were enriched in six metabolic pathways. In addition, the differential metabolite changes in the L-serine to flavonoid transformation metabolic pathway also provide evidence that there is a phenotypic explanation for the changes in transgenic tomato. Discussion The metabolomic mechanism controlling SlSAHH2 promotion of tomato fruit ripening has been further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Teng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Sijia Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ben Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shijia Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mengxiao Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifen Huang
- Majorbio Bio-PharmTechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Dong Y, Zhu H, Qiu D. Hrip1 enhances tomato resistance to yellow leaf curl virus by manipulating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone pathway. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 36532856 PMCID: PMC9755419 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes tremendous losses of tomato worldwide. An elicitor Hrip1, which produced by Alternaria tenuissima, can serve as a pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to trigger the immune defense response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we show that Hrip1 can be targeted to the extracellular space and significantly delayed the development of symptoms caused by TYLCV in tomato. In basis of RNA-seq profiling, we find that 1621 differential expression genes (DEGs) with the opposite expression patterns are enriched in plant response to biotic stress between Hrip1 treatment and TYLCV infection of tomato. Thirty-two known differential expression miRNAs with the opposite expression patterns are identified by small RNA sequencing and the target genes of these miRNAs are significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and peroxisome. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis, 13 negative and 21 positive correlations are observed between differential expression miRNAs and DEGs. These miRNAs, which act as a key mediator of tomato resistance to TYLCV induced by Hrip1, regulate the expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction-related genes. Taken together, our results provide an insight into tomato resistance to TYLCV induced by PAMP at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03426-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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Gladman N, Hufnagel B, Regulski M, Liu Z, Wang X, Chougule K, Kochian L, Magalhães J, Ware D. Sorghum root epigenetic landscape during limiting phosphorus conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e393. [PMID: 35600998 PMCID: PMC9107021 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient acquisition and use of available phosphorus from the soil is crucial for plant growth, development, and yield. With an ever-increasing acreage of croplands with suboptimal available soil phosphorus, genetic improvement of sorghum germplasm for enhanced phosphorus acquisition from soil is crucial to increasing agricultural output and reducing inputs, while confronted with a growing world population and uncertain climate. Sorghum bicolor is a globally important commodity for food, fodder, and forage. Known for robust tolerance to heat, drought, and other abiotic stresses, its capacity for optimal phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is still being investigated for optimized root system architectures (RSA). Whilst a few RSA-influencing genes have been identified in sorghum and other grasses, the epigenetic impact on expression and tissue-specific activation of candidate PUE genes remains elusive. Here, we present transcriptomic, epigenetic, and regulatory network profiling of RSA modulation in the BTx623 sorghum background in response to limiting phosphorus (LP) conditions. We show that during LP, sorghum RSA is remodeled to increase root length and surface area, likely enhancing its ability to acquire P. Global DNA 5-methylcytosine and H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylation levels decrease in response to LP, while H3K4me3 peaks and DNA hypomethylated regions contain recognition motifs of numerous developmental and nutrient responsive transcription factors that display disparate expression patterns between different root tissues (primary root apex, elongation zone, and lateral root apex).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Hufnagel
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMontpellierLanguedoc‐RoussillonFrance
| | | | - Zhigang Liu
- Global Institute for Food SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Leon Kochian
- Global Institute for Food SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada
| | | | - Doreen Ware
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNew YorkUSA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service, NEA Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
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Brouwer SM, Brus-Szkalej M, Saripella GV, Liang D, Liljeroth E, Grenville-Briggs LJ. Transcriptome Analysis of Potato Infected with the Necrotrophic Pathogen Alternaria solani. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2212. [PMID: 34686023 PMCID: PMC8539873 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Potato early blight is caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani and can result in yield losses of up to 50% if left uncontrolled. At present, the disease is controlled by chemical fungicides, yet rapid development of fungicide resistance renders current control strategies unsustainable. On top of that, a lack of understanding of potato defences and the quantitative nature of resistance mechanisms against early blight hinders the development of more sustainable control methods. Necrotrophic pathogens, compared to biotrophs, pose an extra challenge to the plant, since common defence strategies to biotic stresses such as the hypersensitive response and programmed cell death are often beneficial for necrotrophs. With the aim of unravelling plant responses to both the early infection stages (i.e., before necrosis), such as appressorium formation and penetration, as well as to later responses to the onset of necrosis, we present here a transcriptome analysis of potato interactions with A. solani from 1 h after inoculation when the conidia have just commenced germination, to 48 h post inoculation when multiple cell necrosis has begun. Potato transcripts with putative functions related to biotic stress tolerance and defence against pathogens were upregulated, including a putative Nudix hydrolase that may play a role in defence against oxidative stress. A. solani transcripts encoding putative pathogenicity factors, such as cell wall degrading enzymes and metabolic processes that may be important for infection. We therefore identified the differential expression of several potato and A. solani transcripts that present a group of valuable candidates for further studies into their roles in immunity or disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Brouwer
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Maja Brus-Szkalej
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Ganapathi V. Saripella
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Erland Liljeroth
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Laura J. Grenville-Briggs
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
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Sarkar P, Issac PK, Raju SV, Elumalai P, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Pathogenic bacterial toxins and virulence influences in cultivable fish. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 52:2361-2376. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Stefi V. Raju
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Fish Processing Technology Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) Kochi India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I‐AQUAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
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Vizán P, Di Croce L, Aranda S. Functional and Pathological Roles of AHCY. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654344. [PMID: 33869213 PMCID: PMC8044520 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) is a unique enzyme and one of the most conserved proteins in living organisms. AHCY catalyzes the reversible break of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), the by-product and a potent inhibitor of methyltransferases activity. In mammals, AHCY is the only enzyme capable of performing this reaction. Controlled subcellular localization of AHCY is believed to facilitate local transmethylation reactions, by removing excess of SAH. Accordingly, AHCY is recruited to chromatin during replication and active transcription, correlating with increasing demands for DNA, RNA, and histone methylation. AHCY deletion is embryonic lethal in many organisms (from plants to mammals). In humans, AHCY deficiency is associated with an incurable rare recessive disorder in methionine metabolism. In this review, we focus on the AHCY protein from an evolutionary, biochemical, and functional point of view, and we discuss the most recent, relevant, and controversial contributions to the study of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Vizán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Aranda
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Fesenko I, Spechenkova N, Mamaeva A, Makhotenko AV, Love AJ, Kalinina NO, Taliansky M. Role of the methionine cycle in the temperature-sensitive responses of potato plants to potato virus Y. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:77-91. [PMID: 33146443 PMCID: PMC7749756 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant-virus interactions are greatly influenced by environmental factors such as temperatures. In virus-infected plants, enhanced temperature is frequently associated with more severe symptoms and higher virus content. However, the mechanisms involved in such regulatory effects remain largely uncharacterized. To provide more insight into the mechanisms whereby temperature regulates plant-virus interactions, we analysed changes in the proteome of potato cv. Chicago plants infected with potato virus Y (PVY) at normal (22 °C) and elevated temperature (28 °C), which is known to significantly increase plant susceptibility to the virus. One of the most intriguing findings is that the main enzymes of the methionine cycle (MTC) were down-regulated at the higher but not at normal temperatures. With good agreement, we found that higher temperature conditions triggered consistent and concerted changes in the level of MTC metabolites, suggesting that the enhanced susceptibility of potato plants to PVY at 28 °C may at least be partially orchestrated by the down-regulation of MTC enzymes and concomitant cycle perturbation. In line with this, foliar treatment of these plants with methionine restored accumulation of MTC metabolites and subverted the susceptibility to PVY at elevated temperature. These data are discussed in the context of the major function of the MTC in transmethylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fesenko
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Spechenkova
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Anna Mamaeva
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Antonida V. Makhotenko
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐chemical BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | | | - Natalia O. Kalinina
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐chemical BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Michael Taliansky
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, DundeeUK
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Castañeda V, González EM, Wienkoop S. Phloem Sap Proteins Are Part of a Core Stress Responsive Proteome Involved in Drought Stress Adjustment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:625224. [PMID: 33603764 PMCID: PMC7884324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.625224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During moderate drought stress, plants can adjust by changes in the protein profiles of the different organs. Plants transport and modulate extracellular stimuli local and systemically through commonly induced inter- and intracellular reactions. However, most proteins are frequently considered, cell and organelle specific. Hence, while signaling molecules and peptides can travel systemically throughout the whole plant, it is not clear, whether protein isoforms may exist ubiquitously across organs, and what function those may have during drought regulation. By applying shotgun proteomics, we extracted a core proteome of 92 identical protein isoforms, shared ubiquitously amongst several Medicago truncatula tissues, including roots, phloem sap, petioles, and leaves. We investigated their relative distribution across the different tissues and their response to moderate drought stress. In addition, we functionally compared this plant core stress responsive proteome with the organ-specific proteomes. Our study revealed plant ubiquitous protein isoforms, mainly related to redox homeostasis and signaling and involved in protein interaction networks across the whole plant. Furthermore, about 90% of these identified core protein isoforms were significantly involved in drought stress response, indicating a crucial role of the core stress responsive proteome (CSRP) in the plant organ cross-communication, important for a long-distance stress-responsive network. Besides, the data allowed for a comprehensive characterization of the phloem proteome, revealing new insights into its function. For instance, CSRP protein levels involved in stress and redox are relatively more abundant in the phloem compared to the other tissues already under control conditions. This suggests a major role of the phloem in stress protection and antioxidant activity enabling the plants metabolic maintenance and rapid response upon moderate stress. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for future investigations of the role of the core plant proteome. Under an evolutionary perspective, CSRP would enable communication of different cells with each other and the environment being crucial for coordinated stress response of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Castañeda
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther M. González
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Esther M. González,
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Unit of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Functional and Evolution Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Stefanie Wienkoop,
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Zhang H, Yin L, Song F, Jiang M. SKIP Silencing Decreased Disease Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:593267. [PMID: 33381133 PMCID: PMC7767821 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.593267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
SKIP, a component of the spliceosome, is involved in numerous signaling pathways. However, there is no direct genetic evidence supporting the function of SKIP in defense responses. In this paper, two SKIPs, namely, SlSKIP1a and SlSKIP1b, were analyzed in tomato. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the SlSKIP1b expression was triggered via Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 and Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), together with the defense-associated signals. In addition, the functions of SlSKIP1a and SlSKIP1b in disease resistance were analyzed in tomato through the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique. VIGS-mediated SlSKIP1b silencing led to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with the decreased expression of defense-related genes (DRGs) after pathogen infection, suggesting that it reduced B. cinerea and Pst DC3000 resistance. There was no significant difference in B. cinerea and Pst DC3000 resistance in TRV-SlSKIP1a-infiltrated plants compared with the TRV-GUS-silencing counterparts. As suggested by the above findings, SlSKIP1b plays a vital role in disease resistance against pathogens possibly by regulating the accumulation of ROS as well as the expression of DRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- Life Science Collegue, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Longfei Yin
- Life Science Collegue, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Life Science Collegue, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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13
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Sarkar P, Stefi RV, Pasupuleti M, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Arockiaraj J. Antioxidant molecular mechanism of adenosyl homocysteinase from cyanobacteria and its wound healing process in fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1821-1834. [PMID: 31989428 PMCID: PMC7223595 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An antioxidant molecule namely, adenosyl homocysteinase (AHc) was identified from the earlier constructed transcriptome database of Spirulina, where it was cultured in a sulphur deprived condition. From the AHc protein, a small peptide NL13 was identified using bioinformatics tools and was predicted to have antioxidant property. Further, the peptide was synthesised and its antioxidant mechanism was addressed at molecular level. NL13 was subjected to various antioxidant assays including DPPH assay, HARS assay, SARS Assay, NO assay and ABTS assay, where NL13 exhibited significant (P < 0.05) potential antioxidant activity compared to its antioxidant control, Trolox. Cytotoxicity was performed on Human whole blood and the cell viability was performed on VERO fibroblast cells. In both assays, it was found that NL13 did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect towards the cells. Further, the intracellular ROS was performed on Multimode reader followed by imaging on fluorescence microscope which showed scavenging activity even at lower concentration of NL13 (31.2 µM). An effective wound healing property of NL13 on VERO cells was confirmed by analysing the cell migration rate at two different time intervals (24 and 48 h). Overall, the study shows that NL13 peptide scavenges the intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Raju V Stefi
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 031, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Gupta A, Sinha R, Fernandes JL, Abdelrahman M, Burritt DJ, Tran LSP. Phytohormones regulate convergent and divergent responses between individual and combined drought and pathogen infection. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:320-340. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1710459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gupta
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Joel Lars Fernandes
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | | | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Stress Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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15
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Mäkinen K, De S. The significance of methionine cycle enzymes in plant virus infections. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:67-75. [PMID: 30959442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Both biotic and abiotic stresses cause changes in the activities of plant methionine cycle (MTC) enzymes. These changes contribute to the ability of the plant to manage stress. On the other hand, viruses utilize MTC enzymes to promote infection. Here, we review the growing but still limited knowledge of the interactions between plant viral proteins and MTC enzymes. Virus-induced changes in S-adenosyl methionine synthetase and S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase activities debilitate transcriptional and post-transcriptional RNA silencing and affect antiviral defense reactions connected to ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis pathways. Viral perturbations of host methionine homeostasis couple trans-sulfuration and gluthathione biosynthesis pathways to MTC functions. Large multiprotein complexes, which contain viral proteins and MTC enzymes, may represent metabolons assembled for specific viral functions or host defense responses. Proper understanding of the MTC-associated metabolic and regulatory interactions will reveal those with potential to create virus resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Mäkinen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Sciences Center, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Swarnalok De
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Sciences Center, P.O. Box 56, University of Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Kuźnicki D, Meller B, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Braszewska-Zalewska A, Drozda A, Floryszak-Wieczorek J. BABA-Induced DNA Methylome Adjustment to Intergenerational Defense Priming in Potato to Phytophthora infestans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:650. [PMID: 31214209 PMCID: PMC6554679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We provide evidence that alterations in DNA methylation patterns contribute to the regulation of stress-responsive gene expression for an intergenerational resistance of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-primed potato to Phytophthora infestans. Plants exposed to BABA rapidly modified their methylation capacity toward genome-wide DNA hypermethylation. De novo induced DNA methylation (5-mC) correlated with the up-regulation of Chromomethylase 3 (CMT3), Domains rearranged methyltransferase 2 (DRM2), and Repressor of silencing 1 (ROS1) genes in potato. BABA transiently activated DNA hypermethylation in the promoter region of the R3a resistance gene triggering its downregulation in the absence of the oomycete pathogen. However, in the successive stages of priming, an excessive DNA methylation state changed into demethylation with the active involvement of potato DNA glycosylases. Interestingly, the 5-mC-mediated changes were transmitted into the next generation in the form of intergenerational stress memory. Descendants of the primed potato, which derived from tubers or seeds carrying the less methylated R3a promoter, showed a higher transcription of R3a that associated with an augmented intergenerational resistance to virulent P. infestans when compared to the inoculated progeny of unprimed plants. Furthermore, our study revealed that enhanced transcription of some SA-dependent genes (NPR1, StWRKY1, and PR1) was not directly linked with DNA methylation changes in the promoter region of these genes, but was a consequence of methylation-dependent alterations in the transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kuźnicki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Meller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Braszewska-Zalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andżelika Drozda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek,
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17
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Gao L, Fang Z, Zhou J, Li L, Lu L, Li L, Li T, Chen L, Zhang W, Zhai W, Peng H. Transcriptional insights into the pyramided resistance to rice bacterial blight. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12358. [PMID: 30120263 PMCID: PMC6098014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyramiding of resistance (R) genes provides broad-spectrum and durable resistance to plant diseases. However, the genetic basis for bacterial blight (BB) resistance remains unclear. The BB R gene pyramided line IRBB54, which expresses xa5 and Xa21, possessed a higher level of resistance than both single R gene lines. Large-scale genotyping of genetic markers in this study revealed similar genetic backgrounds among the near-isogenic lines (NILs), suggesting that resistance in the resistant NILs was mainly conferred by the individual R genes or the interaction between them. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that more than 50% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and more than 70% of the differentially expressed functions, were shared between IRBB54 and IRBB5 or IRBB21. Most of the DEGs in the resistant NILs were downregulated and are predicted to function in cellular and biological process. The DEGs common among the resistant NILs mainly showed non-additive expression patterns and enrichment in stress-related pathways. The differential expression of agronomic trait-controlled genes in the resistant NILs, especially in IRBB54, indicated the existence of potential side-effects resulting from gene pyramiding. Our findings contribute to the understanding of R gene pyramiding, as well as its effects on targeted and non-targeted trait(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Gao
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Junfei Zhou
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Lun Li
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Long Lu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Weixiong Zhang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China
| | - Wenxue Zhai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hai Peng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China.
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18
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Rahikainen M, Alegre S, Trotta A, Pascual J, Kangasjärvi S. Trans-methylation reactions in plants: focus on the activated methyl cycle. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:162-176. [PMID: 28815615 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Trans-methylation reactions are vital in basic metabolism, epigenetic regulation, RNA metabolism, and posttranslational control of protein function and therefore fundamental in determining the physiological processes in all living organisms. The plant kingdom is additionally characterized by the production of secondary metabolites that undergo specific hydroxylation, oxidation and methylation reactions to obtain a wide array of different chemical structures. Increasing research efforts have started to reveal the enzymatic pathways underlying the biosynthesis of complex metabolites in plants. Further engineering of these enzymatic machineries offers significant possibilities in the development of bio-based technologies, but necessitates deep understanding of their potential metabolic and regulatory interactions. Trans-methylation reactions are tightly coupled with the so-called activated methyl cycle (AMC), an essential metabolic circuit that maintains the trans-methylation capacity in all living cells. Tight regulation of the AMC is crucial in ensuring accurate trans-methylation reactions in different subcellular compartments, cell types, developmental stages and environmental conditions. This review addresses the organization and posttranslational regulation of the AMC and elaborates its critical role in determining metabolic regulation through modulation of methyl utilization in stress-exposed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moona Rahikainen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sara Alegre
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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19
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Gupta S, Bhar A, Chatterjee M, Ghosh A, Das S. Transcriptomic dissection reveals wide spread differential expression in chickpea during early time points of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 attack. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178164. [PMID: 28542579 PMCID: PMC5460890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants' reaction to underground microorganisms is complex as sessile nature of plants compels them to prioritize their responses to diverse microorganisms both pathogenic and symbiotic. Roots of important crops are directly exposed to diverse microorganisms, but investigations involving root pathogens are significantly less. Thus, more studies involving root pathogens and their target crops are necessitated to enrich the understanding of underground interactions. Present study reported the molecular complexities in chickpea during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 (Foc1) infection. Transcriptomic dissections using RNA-seq showed significantly differential expression of molecular transcripts between infected and control plants of both susceptible and resistant genotypes. Radar plot analyses showed maximum expressional undulations after infection in both susceptible and resistant plants. Gene ontology and functional clustering showed large number of transcripts controlling basic metabolism of plants. Network analyses demonstrated defense components like peptidyl cis/trans isomerase, MAP kinase, beta 1,3 glucanase, serine threonine kinase, patatin like protein, lactolylglutathione lyase, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, sulfotransferases; reactive oxygen species regulating components like respiratory burst oxidase, superoxide dismutases, cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ATPase; metabolism regulating components, myo inositol phosphate, carboxylate synthase; transport related gamma tonoplast intrinsic protein, and structural component, ubiquitins to serve as important nodals of defense signaling network. These nodal molecules probably served as hub controllers of defense signaling. Functional characterization of these hub molecules would not only help in developing better understanding of chickpea-Foc1 interaction but also place them as promising candidates for resistance management programs against vascular wilt of legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanti Gupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Bhar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Moniya Chatterjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amartya Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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20
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Albrecht T, Argueso CT. Should I fight or should I grow now? The role of cytokinins in plant growth and immunity and in the growth-defence trade-off. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:725-735. [PMID: 27864225 PMCID: PMC5379597 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perception and activation of plant immunity require a remarkable level of signalling plasticity and control. In Arabidopsis and other plant species, constitutive defence activation leads to resistance to a broad spectrum of biotrophic pathogens, but also frequently to stunted growth and reduced seed set. Plant hormones are important integrators of the physiological responses that influence the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. SCOPE We review the mechanisms by which the plant hormone cytokinin regulates both plant growth and response to pathogens, and how cytokinins may connect these two processes, ultimately affecting the growth trade-offs observed in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiana T. Argueso
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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21
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Rahikainen M, Trotta A, Alegre S, Pascual J, Vuorinen K, Overmyer K, Moffatt B, Ravanel S, Glawischnig E, Kangasjärvi S. PP2A-B'γ modulates foliar trans-methylation capacity and the formation of 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:112-127. [PMID: 27598402 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSL) of cruciferous plants comprise a major group of structurally diverse secondary compounds which act as deterrents against aphids and microbial pathogens and have large commercial and ecological impacts. While the transcriptional regulation governing the biosynthesis and modification of GSL is now relatively well understood, post-translational regulatory components that specifically determine the structural variation of indole glucosinolates have not been reported. We show that the cytoplasmic protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'γ (PP2A-B'γ) physically interacts with indole glucosinolate methyltransferases and controls the methoxylation of indole glucosinolates and the formation of 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis leaves. By taking advantage of proteomic approaches and metabolic analysis we further demonstrate that PP2A-B'γ is required to control the abundance of oligomeric protein complexes functionally linked with the activated methyl cycle and the trans-methylation capacity of leaf cells. These findings highlight the key regulatory role of PP2A-B'γ in methionine metabolism and provide a previously unrecognized perspective for metabolic engineering of glucosinolate metabolism in cruciferous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moona Rahikainen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Sara Alegre
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Plant Physiology Lab, Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Katariina Vuorinen
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Moffatt
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS UMR5168, INRA UMR1417, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Erich Glawischnig
- Department of Plant Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str.4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Yang L, Hu G, Li N, Habib S, Huang W, Li Z. Functional Characterization of SlSAHH2 in Tomato Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1312. [PMID: 28798762 PMCID: PMC5526918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) functions as an enzyme catalyzing the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and adenosine. In the present work we have investigated its role in the ripening process of tomato fruit. Among the three SlSAHH genes we demonstrated that SlSAHH2 was highly accumulated during fruit ripening and strongly responded to ethylene treatment. Over-expression of SlSAHH2 enhanced SAHH enzymatic activity in tomato fruit development and ripening stages and resulted in a major phenotypic change of reduced ripening time from anthesis to breaker. Consistent with this, the content of lycopene was higher in SlSAHH2 over-expression lines than in wild-type at the same developmental stage. The expression of two ethylene inducible genes (E4 and E8) and three ethylene biosynthesis genes (SlACO1, SlACO3 and SlACS2) increased to a higher level in SlSAHH2 over-expression lines at breaker stage, and one transgenic line even produced much more ethylene than wild-type. Although inconsistency in gene expression and ethylene production existed between the two transgenic lines, the transcriptional changes of several important ripening regulators such as RIN, AP2a, TAGL1, CNR and NOR showed a consistent pattern. It was speculated that the influence of SlSAHH2 on ethylene production was downstream of the regulation of SlSAHH2 on these ripening regulator genes. The over-expressing lines displayed higher sensitivity to ethylene in both fruit and non-fruit tissues. Ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) treatment accelerated ripening faster in SlSAHH2 over-expressing fruit than in wild-type. Additionally, seedlings of transgenic lines displayed shorter hypocotyls and roots in ethylene triple response assay. In conclusion, SlSAHH2 played an important role in tomato fruit ripening.
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Kim N, Kim J, Bang B, Kim I, Lee HH, Park J, Seo YS. Comparative Analyses of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus C4 Protein-Interacting Host Proteins in Healthy and Infected Tomato Tissues. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 32:377-387. [PMID: 27721687 PMCID: PMC5051556 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.ft.08.2016.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus, is one of the most important viruses of cultivated tomatoes worldwide, mainly causing yellowing and curling of leaves with stunting in plants. TYLCV causes severe problems in sub-tropical and tropical countries, as well as in Korea. However, the mechanism of TYLCV infection remains unclear, although the function of each viral component has been identified. TYLCV C4 codes for a small protein involved in various cellular functions, including symptom determination, gene silencing, viral movement, and induction of the plant defense response. In this study, through yeast-two hybrid screenings, we identified TYLCV C4-interacting host proteins from both healthy and symptom-exhibiting tomato tissues, to determine the role of TYLCV C4 proteins in the infection processes. Comparative analyses of 28 proteins from healthy tissues and 36 from infected tissues showing interactions with TYLCV C4 indicated that TYLCV C4 mainly interacts with host proteins involved in translation, ubiquitination, and plant defense, and most interacting proteins differed between the two tissues but belong to similar molecular functional categories. Four proteins-two ribosomal proteins, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, and 14-3-3 family protein-were detected in both tissues. Furthermore, the identified proteins in symptom-exhibiting tissues showed greater involvement in plant defenses. Some are key regulators, such as receptor-like kinases and pathogenesis-related proteins, of plant defenses. Thus, TYLCV C4 may contribute to the suppression of host defense during TYLCV infection and be involved in ubiquitination for viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Su Seo
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-51-510-2267, FAX) +82-51-514-1778 E-mail)
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Zhang H, Hong Y, Huang L, Liu S, Tian L, Dai Y, Cao Z, Huang L, Li D, Song F. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing-Based Functional Analyses Revealed the Involvement of Several Putative Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase/Phosphatase Genes in Disease Resistance against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1176. [PMID: 27540389 PMCID: PMC4972837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose and its metabolism have been demonstrated to play important roles in control of plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, direct genetic evidence supporting the functions of trehalose and its metabolism in defense response against pathogens is lacking. In the present study, genome-wide characterization of putative trehalose-related genes identified 11 SlTPSs for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, 8 SlTPPs for trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase and one SlTRE1 for trehalase in tomato genome. Nine SlTPSs, 4 SlTPPs, and SlTRE1 were selected for functional analyses to explore their involvement in tomato disease resistance. Some selected SlTPSs, SlTPPs, and SlTRE1 responded with distinct expression induction patterns to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 as well as to defense signaling hormones (e.g., salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and a precursor of ethylene). Virus-induced gene silencing-mediated silencing of SlTPS3, SlTPS4, or SlTPS7 led to deregulation of ROS accumulation and attenuated the expression of defense-related genes upon pathogen infection and thus deteriorated the resistance against B. cinerea or Pst DC3000. By contrast, silencing of SlTPS5 or SlTPP2 led to an increased expression of the defense-related genes upon pathogen infection and conferred an increased resistance against Pst DC3000. Silencing of SlTPS3, SlTPS4, SlTPS5, SlTPS7, or SlTPP2 affected trehalose level in tomato plants with or without infection of B. cinerea or Pst DC3000. These results demonstrate that SlTPS3, SlTPS4, SlTPS5, SlTPS7, and SlTPP2 play roles in resistance against B. cinerea and Pst DC3000, implying the importance of trehalose and tis metabolism in regulation of defense response against pathogens in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou UniversityTaizhou, China
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yongbo Hong
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Shixia Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Limei Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dai
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zhongye Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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Ding Y, Zhou X, Zuo L, Wang H, Yu D. Identification and functional characterization of the sulfate transporter gene GmSULTR1;2b in soybean. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:373. [PMID: 27206527 PMCID: PMC4874011 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is a major source of oil and protein in the human diet and in animal feed. However, as soybean is deficient in sulfur-containing amino acids, its nutritional value is limited. Increasing sulfate assimilation and utilization efficiency is a valuable approach to augment the concentration of sulfur-containing amino acids in soybean seeds, and sulfate transporters play important roles in both sulfate uptake and translocation within plants. RESULTS In this study, we isolated and characterized a soybean sulfate transporter gene: GmSULTR1;2b. The gene was found to be specifically expressed in root tissues and induced by low-sulfur stress. In addition, GmSULTR1;2b expression in yeast could complement deficiency in the sulfate transporter genes SUL1 and SUL2. Under +S conditions, GmSULTR1;2b-overexpressing tobacco plants accumulated higher levels of organic matter and exhibited enhanced biomass and seed weight compared to control plants. Under -S conditions, acclimation of GmSULTR1;2b-overexpressing plants was much better than control plants. GmSULTR1;2b-overexpressing tobacco seedlings showed better tolerance to drought stress than the control plants, but no significant difference was observed under salt stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed 515 genes with at least a 2-fold change in expression in the leaves of tobacco plants overexpressing GmSULTR1;2b. Of these, 227 gene annotations were classified into 12 functional categories associated with 123 relevant pathways, including biosynthesis and metabolism-related proteins, stress-related proteins, and transporters. CONCLUSIONS The findings reported here indicate that the increased biomass and seed yield observed in transgenic tobacco plants could have resulted from greater nutrient uptake and transport capability as well as enhanced development and accumulation of organic matter. Taken together, our results indicate that GmSULTR1;2b plays an important role in sulfur uptake and could alter the sulfur status of plants. Our study suggests that overexpressing GmSULTR1;2b may enhance plant yield under +S conditions, reduce plant production loss under -S conditions, and improve plant tolerance to sulfur deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Zuo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Tamang BG, Fukao T. Plant Adaptation to Multiple Stresses during Submergence and Following Desubmergence. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30164-80. [PMID: 26694376 PMCID: PMC4691168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants require water for growth and development, but excessive water negatively affects their productivity and viability. Flash floods occasionally result in complete submergence of plants in agricultural and natural ecosystems. When immersed in water, plants encounter multiple stresses including low oxygen, low light, nutrient deficiency, and high risk of infection. As floodwaters subside, submerged plants are abruptly exposed to higher oxygen concentration and greater light intensity, which can induce post-submergence injury caused by oxidative stress, high light, and dehydration. Recent studies have emphasized the significance of multiple stress tolerance in the survival of submergence and prompt recovery following desubmergence. A mechanistic understanding of acclimation responses to submergence at molecular and physiological levels can contribute to the deciphering of the regulatory networks governing tolerance to other environmental stresses that occur simultaneously or sequentially in the natural progress of a flood event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Gole Tamang
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- Translational Plant Sciences Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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