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Zhao DD, Chung H, Jang YH, Farooq M, Choi SY, Du XX, Kim KM. Analysis of Rice Blast Fungus Genetic Diversity and Identification of a Novel Blast Resistance OsDRq12 Gene. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1917-1925. [PMID: 39135297 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-24-0050-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae poses a significant challenge to maintaining rice production. Developing rice varieties with resistance to this disease is crucial for its effective control. To understand the genetic variability of blast isolates collected between 2015 and 2017, the 27 monogenic rice lines that carry specific resistance genes were used to evaluate blast disease reactions. Based on criteria such as viability, virulence, and reactions to resistance genes, 20 blast isolates were selected as representative strains. To identify novel resistance genes, a quantitative trait locus analysis was carried out utilizing a mixture of the 20 representative rice blast isolates and a rice population derived from crossing the blast-resistant cultivar 'Cheongcheong' with the blast-susceptible cultivar 'Nagdong'. This analysis revealed a significant locus, RM1227-RM1261 on chromosome 12, that is associated with rice blast resistance. Within this locus, 12 disease resistance-associated protein genes were identified. Among them, OsDRq12, a member of the nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat disease resistance family, was chosen as the target gene for additional computational investigation. The findings of this study have significant implications for enhancing rice production and ensuring food security by controlling rice blast and developing resistant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhao
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Chung
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Jang
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Choi
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Xuan Du
- Yancheng Institute of Technology, College of Marine and Bioengineering, 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Cao G, Huang H, Yang Y, Xie B, Tang L. Analysis of drought and heat stress response genes in rice using co-expression network and differentially expressed gene analyses. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17255. [PMID: 38708347 PMCID: PMC11067907 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on Oryza sativa (rice) are crucial for improving agricultural productivity and ensuring global sustenance security, especially considering the increasing drought and heat stress caused by extreme climate change. Currently, the genes and mechanisms underlying drought and heat resistance in rice are not fully understood, and the scope for enhancing the development of new strains remains considerable. To accurately identify the key genes related to drought and heat stress responses in rice, multiple datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were integrated in this study. A co-expression network was constructed using a Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. We further distinguished the core network and intersected it with differentially expressed genes and multiple expression datasets for screening. Differences in gene expression levels were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). OsDjC53, MBF1C, BAG6, HSP23.2, and HSP21.9 were found to be associated with the heat stress response, and it is also possible that UGT83A1 and OsCPn60a1, although not directly related, are affected by drought stress. This study offers significant insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses in rice, which could promote the development of stress-tolerant rice breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohui Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuejiao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lulu Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Naveed S, Toyinbo J, Ingole H, Valavanur Shekar P, Jones M, Campbell BT, Rustgi S. Development of High-Yielding Upland Cotton Genotypes with Reduced Regrowth after Defoliation Using a Combination of Molecular and Conventional Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2081. [PMID: 38003024 PMCID: PMC10671241 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an economically important crop. However, the yield gain in cotton has stagnated over the years, probably due to its narrow genetic base. The introgression of beneficial variations through conventional and molecular approaches has helped broaden its genetic base to some extent. The growth habit of cotton is one of the crucial factors that determine crop maturation time, yield, and management. This study used 44 diverse upland cotton genotypes to develop high-yielding cotton germplasm with reduced regrowth after defoliation and early maturity by altering its growth habit from perennial to somewhat annual. We selected eight top-scoring genotypes based on the gene expression analysis of five floral induction and meristem identity genes (FT, SOC1, LFY, FUL, and AP1) and used them to make a total of 587 genetic crosses in 30 different combinations of these genotypes. High-performance progeny lines were selected based on the phenotypic data on plant height, flower and boll numbers per plant, boll opening date, floral clustering, and regrowth after defoliation as surrogates of annual growth habit, collected over four years (2019 to 2022). Of the selected lines, 8×5-B3, 8×5-B4, 9×5-C1, 8×9-E2, 8×9-E3, and 39×5-H1 showed early maturity, and 20×37-K1, 20×37-K2, and 20×37-D1 showed clustered flowering, reduced regrowth, high quality of fiber, and high lint yield. In 2022, 15 advanced lines (F8/F7) from seven cross combinations were selected and sent for an increase to a Costa Rica winter nursery to be used in advanced testing and for release as germplasm lines. In addition to these breeding lines, we developed molecular resources to breed for reduced regrowth after defoliation and improved yield by converting eight expression-trait-associated SNP markers we identified earlier into a user-friendly allele-specific PCR-based assay and tested them on eight parental genotypes and an F2 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Naveed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Johnson Toyinbo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Hrishikesh Ingole
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Prasanna Valavanur Shekar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Michael Jones
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| | - B. Todd Campbell
- USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA;
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
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Rahila R, Harish S, Kalpana K, Anand G, Arulsamy M, Kalaivanan R. Antifungal Metabolites of Streptomyces chrestomyceticus STR-2 Inhibits Magnaporthe oryzae, the Incitant of Rice Blast. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:107. [PMID: 36800015 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice, a staple food crop worldwide, suffers devastating yield losses as a result of blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Cav. The adverse effects of chemicals on the environment are rising concerns for sustainable and eco-friendly approaches. The use of antagonistic microbes for the management of rice blast appears to be a sustainable solution to this challenge. Herein, we isolated 20 Streptomyces strains from rice rhizosphere, among which the isolate STR-2 exhibited maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of M. oryzae accounting for 50% reduction over control. The isolate STR-2 was identified as S. chrestomyceticus through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro tests demonstrated its ability to produce antifungal and bioactive compounds and also synthesize siderophore, IAA, and phosphate-solubilizing agents, thereby promoting plant growth upon inoculation on rice seeds. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of volatiles, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds with different retention times. The crude antibiotic extract of 0.5% of S. chrestomyceticus STR-2 reduced the mycelial growth of M. oryzae over the control. Application of talc-based formulation of Streptomyces chrestomyceticus STR-2 resulted in the least disease incidence (15.89%) with the highest disease reduction of 65.26% over untreated control under field condition. These findings indicate the potential of S. chrestomyceticus as a potential bio-inoculant against rice blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rahila
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 104, India
| | - S Harish
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 104, India.
| | - K Kalpana
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 104, India
| | - G Anand
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 104, India
| | - M Arulsamy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 104, India
| | - R Kalaivanan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 104, India
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Gao P, Li M, Wang X, Xu Z, Wu K, Sun Q, Du H, Younas MU, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Hu K, Chen Z, Zuo S. Identification of Elite R-Gene Combinations against Blast Disease in Geng Rice Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043984. [PMID: 36835399 PMCID: PMC9960461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae fungus, is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. Developing resistant varieties by pyramiding different blast resistance (R) genes is an effective approach to control the disease. However, due to complex interactions among R genes and crop genetic backgrounds, different R-gene combinations may have varying effects on resistance. Here, we report the identification of two core R-gene combinations that will benefit the improvement of Geng (Japonica) rice blast resistance. We first evaluated 68 Geng rice cultivars at seedling stage by challenging with 58 M. oryzae isolates. To evaluate panicle blast resistance, we inoculated 190 Geng rice cultivars at boosting stage with five groups of mixed conidial suspensions (MCSs), with each containing 5-6 isolates. More than 60% cultivars displayed moderate or lower levels of susceptibility to panicle blast against the five MCSs. Most cultivars contained two to six R genes detected by the functional markers corresponding to 18 known R genes. Through multinomial logistics regression analysis, we found that Pi-zt, Pita, Pi3/5/I, and Pikh loci contributed significantly to seedling blast resistance, and Pita, Pi3/5/i, Pia, and Pit contributed significantly to panicle blast resistance. For gene combinations, Pita+Pi3/5/i and Pita+Pia yielded more stable pyramiding effects on panicle blast resistance against all five MCSs and were designated as core R-gene combinations. Up to 51.6% Geng cultivars in the Jiangsu area contained Pita, but less than 30% harbored either Pia or Pi3/5/i, leading to less cultivars containing Pita+Pia (15.8%) or Pita+Pi3/5/i (5.8%). Only a few varieties simultaneously contained Pia and Pi3/5/i, implying the opportunity to use hybrid breeding procedures to efficiently generate varieties with either Pita+Pia or Pita+Pi3/5/i. This study provides valuable information for breeders to develop Geng rice cultivars with high resistance to blast, especially panicle blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Keting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Quanyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haibo Du
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Usama Younas
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Keming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shimin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (S.Z.)
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Zampieri E, Volante A, Marè C, Orasen G, Desiderio F, Biselli C, Canella M, Carmagnola L, Milazzo J, Adreit H, Tharreau D, Poncelet N, Vaccino P, Valè G. Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of Blast-Resistance Genes in a japonica Elite Rice Cultivar through Forward and Background Selection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:757. [PMID: 36840105 PMCID: PMC9963729 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the main rice diseases worldwide. The pyramiding of blast-resistance (Pi) genes, coupled to Marker-Assisted BackCrossing (MABC), provides broad-spectrum and potentially durable resistance while limiting the donor genome in the background of an elite cultivar. In this work, MABC coupled to foreground and background selections based on KASP marker assays has been applied to introgress four Pi genes (Piz, Pib, Pita, and Pik) in a renowned japonica Italian rice variety, highly susceptible to blast. Molecular analyses on the backcross (BC) lines highlighted the presence of an additional blast-resistance gene, the Pita-linked Pita2/Ptr gene, therefore increasing the number of blast-resistance introgressed genes to five. The recurrent genome was recovered up to 95.65%. Several lines carrying four (including Pita2) Pi genes with high recovery percentage levels were also obtained. Phenotypic evaluations confirmed the effectiveness of the pyramided lines against multivirulent strains, which also had broad patterns of resistance in comparison to those expected based on the pyramided Pi genes. The developed blast-resistant japonica lines represent useful donors of multiple blast-resistance genes for future rice-breeding programs related to the japonica group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zampieri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, VC, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Andrea Volante
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, VC, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, IM, Italy
| | - Caterina Marè
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Gabriele Orasen
- Bertone Sementi S.P.A., Strada Cacciolo, 15030 Terruggia, AL, Italy
| | - Francesca Desiderio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Chiara Biselli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Viticulture and Oenology, Viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, AR, Italy
| | - Marco Canella
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, VC, Italy
| | - Lorena Carmagnola
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, VC, Italy
| | - Joëlle Milazzo
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM TA A 120/K, Campus de Baillarguet, 34, CEDEX 5, 34398 Montpellier, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Henri Adreit
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM TA A 120/K, Campus de Baillarguet, 34, CEDEX 5, 34398 Montpellier, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Tharreau
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM TA A 120/K, Campus de Baillarguet, 34, CEDEX 5, 34398 Montpellier, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Poncelet
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM TA A 120/K, Campus de Baillarguet, 34, CEDEX 5, 34398 Montpellier, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrizia Vaccino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, VC, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valè
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, VC, Italy
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, VC, Italy
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Singh AK, Ponnuswamy R, Srinivas Prasad M, Sundaram RM, Hari Prasad AS, Senguttuvel P, Kempa Raju KB, Sruthi K. Improving blast resistance of maintainer line DRR 9B by transferring broad spectrum resistance gene Pi2 by marker assisted selection in rice. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:253-262. [PMID: 36819122 PMCID: PMC9930015 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid rice technology offers great promise to further enhance rice production and productivity for global food security. Improving hybrid rice parental lines is the first step in developing heterotic rice hybrids. To improve resistance against blast disease, a maintainer line DRR 9B was fortified with a major broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi2 through marker-assisted selection. The rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major disease and can cause severe yield losses upto 100%. The NILs of Samba Mahsuri namely BA-23-11-89-12-168 possessing Pi2 was utilized as a donor parent. The PCR-based molecular marker tightly linked to Pi2 gene was used for the foreground selection at BC1F1 generation. The molecular marker tightly linked to the major fertility restorer gene Rf4 was used for negative selection (i.e., selection of plants possessing non fertility restoring alleles) at BC1F1 generation to identify maintainer lines. The positive plants with Rf4 gene were added to the restorer pool for restorer line development. At each stage, MAS for Pi2 coupled with stringent phenotypic selection for agro-morphological and grain quality traits were exercised. At BC1F3 generation, one hundred families were screened against blast disease at uniform blast nursery (UBN) and selected resistant lines were advanced to next generations. In the BC1F5 generation plants were subjected to agro-morphological evaluation for yield and yield-contributing traits. The selected plants at BC1F5 generation were crossed with DRR 9A to assess the maintainer ability of blast resistance lines and for further CMS line conversion for hybrid rice breeding for developing blast resistance rice hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - Revathi Ponnuswamy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - M. Srinivas Prasad
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - R. M. Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - A. S. Hari Prasad
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - P. Senguttuvel
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - K. B. Kempa Raju
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - K. Sruthi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana India
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8
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Sharma P, Pandey A, Malviya R, Dey S, Karmakar S, Gayen D. Genome editing for improving nutritional quality, post-harvest shelf life and stress tolerance of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1094965. [PMID: 36911238 PMCID: PMC9998953 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1094965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production relies on horticultural crops, including vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants, which sustain human life. With an alarming increase in human population and the consequential need for more food, it has become necessary for increased production to maintain food security. Conventional breeding has subsidized the development of improved verities but to enhance crop production, new breeding techniques need to be acquired. CRISPR-Cas9 system is a unique and powerful genome manipulation tool that can change the DNA in a precise way. Based on the bacterial adaptive immune system, this technique uses an endonuclease that creates double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at the target loci under the guidance of a single guide RNA. These DSBs can be repaired by a cellular repair mechanism that installs small insertion and deletion (indels) at the cut sites. When equated to alternate editing tools like ZFN, TALENs, and meganucleases, CRISPR- The cas-based editing tool has quickly gained fast-forward for its simplicity, ease to use, and low off-target effect. In numerous horticultural and industrial crops, the CRISPR technology has been successfully used to enhance stress tolerance, self-life, nutritional improvements, flavor, and metabolites. The CRISPR-based tool is the most appropriate one with the prospective goal of generating non-transgenic yields and avoiding the regulatory hurdles to release the modified crops into the market. Although several challenges for editing horticultural, industrial, and ornamental crops remain, this new novel nuclease, with its crop-specific application, makes it a dynamic tool for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Anuradha Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Rinku Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | | | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Rai KK. Integrating speed breeding with artificial intelligence for developing climate-smart crops. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11385-11402. [PMID: 35941420 PMCID: PMC9360691 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In climate change, breeding crop plants with improved productivity, sustainability, and adaptability has become a daunting challenge to ensure global food security for the ever-growing global population. Correspondingly, climate-smart crops are also the need to regulate biomass production, which is imperative for the maintenance of ecosystem services worldwide. Since conventional breeding technologies for crop improvement are limited, time-consuming, and involve laborious selection processes to foster new and improved crop varieties. An urgent need is to accelerate the plant breeding cycle using artificial intelligence (AI) to depict plant responses to environmental perturbations in real-time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review is a collection of authorized information from various sources such as journals, books, book chapters, technical bulletins, conference papers, and verified online contents. CONCLUSIONS Speed breeding has emerged as an essential strategy for accelerating the breeding cycles of crop plants by growing them under artificial light and temperature conditions. Furthermore, speed breeding can also integrate marker-assisted selection and cutting-edged gene-editing tools for early selection and manipulation of essential crops with superior agronomic traits. Scientists have recently applied next-generation AI to delve deeper into the complex biological and molecular mechanisms that govern plant functions under environmental cues. In addition, AIs can integrate, assimilate, and analyze complex OMICS data sets, an essential prerequisite for successful speed breeding protocol implementation to breed crop plants with superior yield and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Rai
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Overexpression of OsGF14f Enhances Quantitative Leaf Blast and Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137440. [PMID: 35806444 PMCID: PMC9266906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that rice 14-3-3 family genes are involved in various defense responses, the functions of OsGF14f in response to diseases have not been reported. Here, we showed that the transcription of OsGF14f was significantly induced by leaf blast infection, and the overexpression of OsGF14f quantitatively enhanced resistance to leaf blast and bacterial blight in rice. Further analysis showed that the expression levels of salicylic acid (SA) pathway-associated genes (PAL1, NH1, PR1a and PR10) in the OsGF14f-overexpressing plants, were higher than those in wild-type plants after inoculation with the blast isolate (Magnaporthe oryzae Barr). In addition, the expression level of OsGF14f was significantly induced after SA treatment, and higher endogenous SA levels were observed in the OsGF14f-overexpressing plants compared with that in wild-type plants, especially after blast challenge. Taken together, these results suggest that OsGF14f positively regulates leaf blast and bacterial blight resistance in rice via the SA-dependent signaling pathway.
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11
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Alam MS, Maina AW, Feng Y, Wu LB, Frei M. Interactive effects of tropospheric ozone and blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) on different rice genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48893-48907. [PMID: 35201578 PMCID: PMC9252976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rising tropospheric ozone concentrations can cause rice yield losses and necessitate the breeding of ozone-tolerant rice varieties. However, ozone tolerance should not compromise the resistance to important biotic stresses such as the rice blast disease. Therefore, we investigated the interactive effects of ozone and rice blast disease on nine different rice varieties in an experiment testing an ozone treatment, blast inoculation, and their interaction. Plants were exposed to an ozone concentration of 100 ppb for 7 h per day or ambient air throughout the growth period. Half of the plants were simultaneously infected with rice blast inoculum. Grain yield was significantly reduced in the blast treatment (17%) and ozone treatment (37%), while the combination of both stresses did not further decrease grain yields compared to ozone alone. Similar trends occurred for physiological traits such as vegetation indices, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photochemical reflectance index (PRI), Lichtenthaler index 2 (Lic2), and anthocyanin reflectance index 1 (ARI1), as well as stomatal conductance and lipid peroxidation. Ozone exposure mitigated the formation of visible blast symptoms, while blast inoculation did not significantly affect visible ozone symptoms. Although different genotypes showed contrasting responses to the two types of stresses, no systematic pattern was observed regarding synergies or trade-offs under the two types of stresses. Therefore, we conclude that despite the similarities in physiological stress responses to ozone and blast, the tolerance to these stresses does not appear to be genetically linked in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lin-Bo Wu
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
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12
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Srivastava R, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H, Sahoo L. Overexpression of cowpea NAC transcription factors promoted growth and stress tolerance by boosting photosynthetic activity in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111251. [PMID: 35487661 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ATAF-like NAC transcription factors are bonafide regulators of stress-signaling. However, their overexpression often exerts growth-retardation by activating ABA-hypersensitivity, chloroplast-degradation, or carbon-starvation. To improve tolerance to multiple stress complying with growth sustainability, we examined two ATAF orthologs, VuNAC1 and VuNAC2, isolated from a drought-hardy cowpea genotype, for a harmonized regulation of stress and growth signaling. The genes were induced by dehydration, NaCl, polyethylene glycol, heat, cold, ABA, and light. Analysis of the promoter-elements and regulatory network corroborated the integration of circadian, hormonal, stress, developmental, and nutrition signals, being VuNAC1/2 the central transcriptional-switch interfacing growth and stress responses. The constitutive gene overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in an improved embryonic, rosette, and inflorescence growth, under optimum as well as limiting nutrition, in association with increased photosynthetic activity and stomatal-density. The transgenic seedlings manifested tolerance to dehydration, salinity, aluminum, cadmium, and H2O2 toxicity, in addition to ABA-mediated seed dormancy and hypersensitivity. The soil-grown plants survived severe drought and hypersalinity by maintaining the water-status and membrane integrity through the accumulation of stress protectants, such as proline, glutathione, and ascorbate. Unlike their orthologs from other species, VuNAC1/2 conferred tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in line with improved growth attributes via regulation of photosynthetic controls and nutritional balance, suggesting growth being a crucial component of stress-tolerance and recovery. Such unique stress-responsive transcription factors, which also confer photosynthetic gain, could be sustainable biotechnological tools for developing stress-tolerant crops and translating the improved growth into yield without unintended trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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13
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Zhao W, Wang X, Zhang Q, Zheng Q, Yao H, Gu X, Liu D, Tian X, Wang X, Li Y, Zhu Z. H3K36 demethylase JMJ710 negatively regulates drought tolerance by suppressing MYB48-1 expression in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1050-1064. [PMID: 35253881 PMCID: PMC9157158 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of histone methylation is maintained by histone methyltransferases and demethylases, which are important for the regulation of gene expression. Here, we report a histone demethylase from rice (Oryza sativa), Jumonji C domain-containing protein (JMJ710), which belongs to the JMJD6 group and plays an important role in the response to drought stress. Overexpression of JMJ710 causes a drought-sensitive phenotype, while RNAi and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-knockout mutant lines show drought tolerance. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that JMJ710 is a histone demethylase. It targets to MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 48 (MYB48-1) chromatin, demethylates H3K36me2, and negatively regulates the expression of MYB48-1, a positive regulator of drought tolerance. Under drought stress, JMJ710 is downregulated and the expression of MYB48-1 increases, and the subsequent activation of its downstream drought-responsive genes leads to drought tolerance. This research reports a negative regulator of drought stress-responsive genes, JMJ710, that ensures that the drought tolerance mechanism is not mis-activated under normal conditions but allows quick activation upon drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Haitao Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiangyang Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xuemin Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengge Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Author for correspondence:
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14
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Razzaq MK, Akhter M, Ahmad RM, Cheema KL, Hina A, Karikari B, Raza G, Xing G, Gai J, Khurshid M. CRISPR-Cas9 based stress tolerance: New hope for abiotic stress tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8977-8985. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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15
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Singh UM, Dixit S, Alam S, Yadav S, Prasanth VV, Singh AK, Venkateshwarlu C, Abbai R, Vipparla AK, Badri J, Ram T, Prasad MS, Laha GS, Singh VK, Kumar A. Marker-assisted forward breeding to develop a drought-, bacterial-leaf-blight-, and blast-resistant rice cultivar. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20170. [PMID: 34845865 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the different challenges related to rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, drought, bacterial leaf blight (BLB), and blast are the key stresses that significantly affect grain yield (GY) in rice. To ameliorate this issue, marker-assisted forward breeding (MAFB) coupled with a simultaneous crossing approach was used to combine three drought tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTL)-qDTY1.1 , qDTY3.1 , and qDTY12.1 -four BLB genes-Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21-and one blast-resistance gene, Pi9, in the elite rice cultivar Lalat. The introgression lines (ILs) developed in the current study were phenotypically screened for drought, BLB, and blast resistance at the F7 -F8 generation. Under the reproductive stage (RS) drought stress, the yield advantage of ILs, with major-effect QTL (qDTY) over elite parent Lalat, ranges from 9 to 124% in DS2019 and from 7 to 175% in WS2019. The selected ILs were highly resistant to BLB, with lesion lengths ranging from 1.3 to 3.0 cm and blast scores ranging from 1 to 3. ILs that were tolerant to RS drought, resistant to BLB, and blast disease and had similar or higher yields than Lalat were analyzed for grain quality. Six ILs were found to have similar grain quality characteristics to Lalat including hulling, milling, head rice recovery (HRR), chalkiness, alkali spreading value (ASV), and amylose content (AC). This study showed that MAFB, together with simultaneous crossing, would be an effective strategy to rapidly combine multiple stresses in rice. The ILs developed in this study could help to ensure yield sustainability in rainfed environments or be used as genetic material in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheshwar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Shilpi Dixit
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Shamshad Alam
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shailesh Yadav
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Challa Venkateshwarlu
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ragavendran Abbai
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhilash Kumar Vipparla
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyothi Badri
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tilatoo Ram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Gouri Sankar Laha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
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16
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Multiparent-Derived, Marker-Assisted Introgression Lines of the Elite Indian Rice Cultivar, ‘Krishna Hamsa’ Show Resistance against Bacterial Blight and Blast and Tolerance to Drought. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050622. [PMID: 35270092 PMCID: PMC8912774 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Major biotic stresses viz., bacterial blight (BB) and blast and brown plant hopper (BPH) coupled with abiotic stresses like drought stress, significantly affect rice yields. To address this, marker-assisted intercross (IC) breeding involving multiple donors was used to combine three BB resistance genes—xa5, xa13 and Xa21, two blast resistance genes—Pi9 and Pi54, two BPH resistance genes—Bph20 and Bph21, and four drought tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTL)—qDTY1.1, qDTY2.1, qDTY3.1 and qDTY12.1—in the genetic background of the elite Indian rice cultivar ‘Krishna Hamsa’. Three cycles of selective intercrossing followed by selfing coupled with foreground selection and phenotyping for the target traits resulted in the development of 196 introgression lines (ILs) with a myriad of gene/QTL combinations. Based on the phenotypic reaction, the ILs were classified into seven phenotypic classes of resistance/tolerance to the following: (1) BB, blast and drought—5 ILs; (2) BB and blast—10 ILs; (3) BB and drought—9 ILs; (4) blast and drought—42 ILs; (5) BB—3 ILs; (6) blast—84 ILs; and (7) drought—43 ILs; none of the ILs were resistant to BPH. Positive phenotypic response (resistance) was observed to both BB and blast in 2 ILs, BB in 9 ILs and blast in 64 ILs despite the absence of corresponding R genes. Inheritance of resistance to BB and/or blast in such ILs could be due to the unknown genes from other parents used in the breeding scheme. Negative phenotypic response (susceptibility) was observed in 67 ILs possessing BB-R genes, 9 ILs with blast-R genes and 9 ILs harboring QTLs for drought tolerance. Complex genic interactions and recombination events due to the involvement of multiple donors explain susceptibility in some of the marker positive ILs. The present investigation successfully demonstrates the possibility of rapid development of multiple stress-tolerant/resistant ILs in the elite cultivar background involving multiple donors through selective intercrossing and stringent phenotyping. The 196 ILs in seven phenotypic classes with myriad of gene/QTL combinations will serve as a useful genetic resource in combining multiple biotic and abiotic stress resistance in future breeding programs.
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Abstract
On the world stage, the increase in temperatures due to global warming is already a reality that has become one of the main challenges faced by the scientific community. Since agriculture is highly dependent on climatic conditions, it may suffer a great impact in the short term if no measures are taken to adapt and mitigate the agricultural system. Plant responses to abiotic stresses have been the subject of research by numerous groups worldwide. Initially, these studies were concentrated on model plants, and, later, they expanded their studies in several economically important crops such as rice, corn, soybeans, coffee, and others. However, agronomic evaluations for the launching of cultivars and the classical genetic improvement process focus, above all, on productivity, historically leaving factors such as tolerance to abiotic stresses in the background. Considering the importance of the impact that abiotic stresses can have on agriculture in the short term, new strategies are currently being sought and adopted in breeding programs to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to environmental disturbances in plants of agronomic interest, thus ensuring the world food security. Moreover, integration of these approaches is bringing new insights on breeding. We will discuss how water deficit, high temperatures, and salinity exert effects on plants.
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18
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Shi H, Qiu J, Ding X, Kou Y. Recent Progress in Rice Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11658. [PMID: 34769087 PMCID: PMC8584176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, stable rice production is constrained by various diseases, in particular rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and virus diseases. Breeding and cultivation of resistant rice varieties is the most effective method to control the infection of pathogens. Exploitation and utilization of the genetic determinants of broad-spectrum resistance represent a desired way to improve the resistance of susceptible rice varieties. Recently, researchers have focused on the identification of rice broad-spectrum disease resistance genes, which include R genes, defense-regulator genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) against two or more pathogen species or many isolates of the same pathogen species. The cloning of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes and understanding their underlying mechanisms not only provide new genetic resources for breeding broad-spectrum rice varieties, but also promote the development of new disease resistance breeding strategies, such as editing susceptibility and executor R genes. In this review, the most recent advances in the identification of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes in rice and their application in crop improvement through biotechnology approaches during the past 10 years are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Yujun Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
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19
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Mutiga SK, Rotich F, Were VM, Kimani JM, Mwongera DT, Mgonja E, Onaga G, Konaté K, Razanaboahirana C, Bigirimana J, Ndayiragije A, Gichuhi E, Yanoria MJ, Otipa M, Wasilwa L, Ouedraogo I, Mitchell T, Wang GL, Correll JC, Talbot NJ. Integrated Strategies for Durable Rice Blast Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2749-2770. [PMID: 34253045 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0593-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a key food security crop in Africa. The importance of rice has led to increasing country-specific, regional, and multinational efforts to develop germplasm and policy initiatives to boost production for a more food-secure continent. Currently, this critically important cereal crop is predominantly cultivated by small-scale farmers under suboptimal conditions in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, represents one of the major biotic constraints to rice production under small-scale farming systems of Africa, and developing durable disease resistance is therefore of critical importance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances by a multinational collaborative research effort to enhance sustainable rice production across SSA and how it is affected by advances in regional policy. As part of the multinational effort, we highlight the importance of joint international partnerships in tackling multiple crop production constraints through integrated research and outreach programs. More specifically, we highlight recent progress in establishing international networks for rice blast disease surveillance, farmer engagement, monitoring pathogen virulence spectra, and the establishment of regionally based blast resistance breeding programs. To develop blast-resistant, high yielding rice varieties for Africa, we have established a breeding pipeline that utilizes real-time data of pathogen diversity and virulence spectra, to identify major and minor blast resistance genes for introgression into locally adapted rice cultivars. In addition, the project has developed a package to support sustainable rice production through regular stakeholder engagement, training of agricultural extension officers, and establishment of plant clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Mutiga
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Felix Rotich
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Vincent M Were
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - John M Kimani
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David T Mwongera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Geoffrey Onaga
- National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kadougoudiou Konaté
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Emily Gichuhi
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Miriam Otipa
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lusike Wasilwa
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ibrahima Ouedraogo
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Thomas Mitchell
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - James C Correll
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas J Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
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20
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Wang Y, Xu L, Zou Q, Lin C. prPred-DRLF: Plant R protein predictor using deep representation learning features. Proteomics 2021; 22:e2100161. [PMID: 34569713 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant resistance (R) proteins play a significant role in the detection of pathogen invasion. Accurately predicting plant R proteins is a key task in phytopathology. Most plant R protein predictors are dependent on traditional feature extraction methods. Recently, deep representation learning methods have been successfully applied in solving protein classification problems. Motivated by this, we propose a new computational approach, called prPred-DRLF, which uses deep representation learning feature models to encode the amino acids as numerical vectors. The results show that the fused features of bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) embedding and unified representation (UniRep) embedding have a better performance than other features for plant R protein identification using a light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) classifier. The model was evaluated using an independent test achieving an accuracy of 0.956, F1-score of 0.933, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.997. Meanwhile, compared with the state-of-the-art prPred and HMMER method, prPred-DRLF shows an overall improvement in accuracy, F1-score, AUC, and recall. prPred-DRLF is a higher-performance plant R protein prediction tool based on two kinds of deep representation learning technologies and offers a user-friendly interface for inspecting possible plant R proteins. We hope that prPred-DRLF will become a useful tool for biological research. A user-friendly webserver for prPred-DRLF is freely accessible at http://lab.malab.cn/soft/prPred-DRLF. The Python script can be downloaded from https://github.com/Wangys-prog/prPred-DRLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansu Wang
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Lin
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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21
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Li S, Zhang C, Li J, Yan L, Wang N, Xia L. Present and future prospects for wheat improvement through genome editing and advanced technologies. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100211. [PMID: 34327324 PMCID: PMC8299080 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world. Despite the fact that wheat production has significantly increased over the past decades, future wheat production will face unprecedented challenges from global climate change, increasing world population, and water shortages in arid and semi-arid lands. Furthermore, excessive applications of diverse fertilizers and pesticides are exacerbating environmental pollution and ecological deterioration. To ensure global food and ecosystem security, it is essential to enhance the resilience of wheat production while minimizing environmental pollution through the use of cutting-edge technologies. However, the hexaploid genome and gene redundancy complicate advances in genetic research and precision gene modifications for wheat improvement, thus impeding the breeding of elite wheat cultivars. In this review, we first introduce state-of-the-art genome-editing technologies in crop plants, especially wheat, for both functional genomics and genetic improvement. We then outline applications of other technologies, such as GWAS, high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping, speed breeding, and synthetic biology, in wheat. Finally, we discuss existing challenges in wheat genome editing and future prospects for precision gene modifications using advanced genome-editing technologies. We conclude that the combination of genome editing and other molecular breeding strategies will greatly facilitate genetic improvement of wheat for sustainable global production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoya Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lanqin Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
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22
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Mores A, Borrelli GM, Laidò G, Petruzzino G, Pecchioni N, Amoroso LGM, Desiderio F, Mazzucotelli E, Mastrangelo AM, Marone D. Genomic Approaches to Identify Molecular Bases of Crop Resistance to Diseases and to Develop Future Breeding Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5423. [PMID: 34063853 PMCID: PMC8196592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases are responsible for substantial crop losses each year and affect food security and agricultural sustainability. The improvement of crop resistance to pathogens through breeding represents an environmentally sound method for managing disease and minimizing these losses. The challenge is to breed varieties with a stable and broad-spectrum resistance. Different approaches, from markers to recent genomic and 'post-genomic era' technologies, will be reviewed in order to contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of host-pathogen interactions and genes, including those with small phenotypic effects and mechanisms that underlie resistance. An efficient combination of these approaches is herein proposed as the basis to develop a successful breeding strategy to obtain resistant crop varieties that yield higher in increasing disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mores
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Grazia Maria Borrelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giovanni Laidò
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Petruzzino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | | | - Francesca Desiderio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (F.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (F.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Daniela Marone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
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Improved Anther Culture Media for Enhanced Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050839. [PMID: 33921954 PMCID: PMC8143452 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anther culture technique is the most viable and efficient method of producing homozygous doubled haploid plants within a short period. However, the practical application of this technology in rice improvement is still limited by various factors that influence culture efficiency. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of two improved anther culture media, Ali-1 (A1) and Ali-2 (A2), a modified N6 medium, to enhance the callus formation and plant regeneration of japonica, indica, and hybrids of indica and japonica cross. The current study demonstrated that genotype and media had a significant impact (p < 0.001) on both callus induction frequency and green plantlet regeneration efficiency. The use of the A1 and A2 medium significantly enhanced callus induction frequency of japonica rice type, Nipponbare, and the hybrids of indica × japonica cross (CXY6, CXY24, and Y2) but not the indica rice type, NSIC Rc480. However, the A1 medium is found superior to the N6 medium as it significantly improved the green plantlet regeneration efficiency of CXY6, CXY24, and Y2 by almost 36%, 118%, and 277%, respectively. Furthermore, it substantially reduced the albino plantlet regeneration of the induced callus in two hybrids (CXY6 and Y2). Therefore, the improved anther culture medium A1 can produce doubled haploid rice plants for indica × japonica, which can be useful in different breeding programs that will enable the speedy development of rice varieties for resource-poor farmers.
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24
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Kushanov FN, Turaev OS, Ernazarova DK, Gapparov BM, Oripova BB, Kudratova MK, Rafieva FU, Khalikov KK, Erjigitov DS, Khidirov MT, Kholova MD, Khusenov NN, Amanboyeva RS, Saha S, Yu JZ, Abdurakhmonov IY. Genetic Diversity, QTL Mapping, and Marker-Assisted Selection Technology in Cotton ( Gossypium spp.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:779386. [PMID: 34975965 PMCID: PMC8716771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.779386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cotton genetic resources contain diverse economically important traits that can be used widely in breeding approaches to create of high-yielding elite cultivars with superior fiber quality and adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, the creation of new cultivars using conventional breeding methods is limited by the cost and proved to be time consuming process, also requires a space to make field observations and measurements. Decoding genomes of cotton species greatly facilitated generating large-scale high-throughput DNA markers and identification of QTLs that allows confirmation of candidate genes, and use them in marker-assisted selection (MAS)-based breeding programs. With the advances of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide-association study approaches, DNA markers associated with valuable traits significantly accelerate breeding processes by replacing the selection with a phenotype to the selection at the DNA or gene level. In this review, we discuss the evolution and genetic diversity of cotton Gossypium genus, molecular markers and their types, genetic mapping and QTL analysis, application, and perspectives of MAS-based approaches in cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhriddin N. Kushanov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- *Correspondence: Fakhriddin N. Kushanov, ;
| | - Ozod S. Turaev
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Dilrabo K. Ernazarova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Bunyod M. Gapparov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Barno B. Oripova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Mukhlisa K. Kudratova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Feruza U. Rafieva
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kuvandik K. Khalikov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Doston Sh. Erjigitov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Mukhammad T. Khidirov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Madina D. Kholova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Naim N. Khusenov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Roza S. Amanboyeva
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Crop Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Washington, DC, United States
| | - John Z. Yu
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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25
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Zhou Y, Lei F, Wang Q, He W, Yuan B, Yuan W. Identification of Novel Alleles of the Rice Blast-Resistance Gene Pi9 through Sequence-Based Allele Mining. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:80. [PMID: 33284383 PMCID: PMC7721961 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food of more than half the world's population, rice production contributes greatly to global food security. Rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) is a devastating disease that affects rice yields and grain quality, resulting in substantial economic losses annually. Because the fungus evolves rapidly, the resistance conferred by most the single blast-resistance genes is broken after a few years of intensive agricultural use. Therefore, effective resistance breeding in rice requires continual enrichment of the reservoir of resistance genes, alleles, or QTLs. Seed banks represent a rich source of genetic diversity; however, they have not been extensively used to identify novel genes and alleles. RESULTS We carried out a large-scale screen for novel blast-resistance alleles in 1883 rice varieties from major rice-producing areas across China. Of these, 361 varieties showed at least moderate resistance to natural infection by rice blast at rice blast nurseries in Enshi and Yichang, Hubei Province. We used sequence-based allele mining to amplify and sequence the allelic variants of the major rice blast-resistance genes at the Pi2/Pi9 locus of chromosome 6 from the 361 blast-resistant varieties, and the full-length coding region of this gene could be amplified from 107 varieties. Thirteen novel Pi9 alleles (named Pi9-Type1 to Pi9-Type13) were identified in these 107 varieties based on comparison to the Pi9 referenced sequence. Based on the sequencing results, the Pi2/Pi9 locus of the 107 varieties was divided into 15 genotypes (including three different genotypes of Pi9-Type5). Fifteen varieties, each representing one genotype, were evaluated for resistance to 34 M. oryzae isolates. The alleles from seven varieties with the highest resistance and widest resistance spectra were selected for transformation into the susceptible variety J23B to construct near-isogenic lines (NILs). These NILs showed resistance in a field test in Enshi and Yichang, indicating that the seven novel rice blast-resistance tandem-repeat regions at the Pi2/Pi9 locus of chromosome 6 could potentially serve as a genetic resource for molecular breeding of resistance to rice blast. CONCLUSIONS The thirteen novel Pi9 alleles identified in this study expand the list of available of blast-resistance alleles. Seven tandem-repeat regions of the Pi2/Pi9 locus from different donors were characterized as broad-spectrum rice blast-resistance fragments; these donors enrich the genetic resources available for rice blast-resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weicong He
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crops of Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430064 People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, 430064 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang C, Meng D, Wang W, Dai T, Wang J, Guan A, Liu C, Liu X. Overexpression of three P450 genes is responsible for resistance to novel pyrimidine amines in Magnaporthe oryzae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4268-4277. [PMID: 32638503 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of pyrimidine amine derivatives has been synthesized by modifying the pyrimidine ring group of diflumetorim-a mitochondrial complex I inhibiting fungicide. One derivative, code number SYP-34773, is investigated in this study involving Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast, which is the most devastating disease in rice. The response, resistance profile and mechanism of M. oryzae to SYP-34773 were investigated, which provides or provide?? important data for the registration and rational use of pyrimidine amines. RESULTS SYP-34773 showed greater control efficacy than fungicide isoprothiolane in the field. The baseline sensitivity was established at a mean 50% effective concentration (EC50 ) of 0.08 μg ml-1 . Four stable SYP-34773-resistant isolates with reduced sensitivity were generated from one (S118) of ten sensitive isolates with a resistance factor of EC50 ranging from 7.00 to 15.00. Conidia production and pathogenicity were similar to that of S118, although there was a significant decrease in mycelial growth and conidial germination in resistant isolates. Positive cross-resistance was observed between SYP-34773 and diflumetorim; and the SYP-34773-resistant isolates were still sensitive to isoprothiolane, carbendazim, fluazinam, azoxystrobin, or prochloraz. RNA-Seq analyses revealed three cytochrome P450 genes were upregulated in the resistant isolate under the treatment with SYP-34773, as confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The SYP-34773 content was significantly reduced in the resistant isolate when compared with the parental isolate. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that SYP-34773 exhibits high activity against M. oryzae. Overexpression of three cytochrome P450 genes has an important role in the resistance of M. oryzae to novel pyrimidine amines. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dehao Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Aiying Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Changling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Miao J, Zhao G, Wang B, Du Y, Li Z, Gao X, Zhang C, Liu X. Three point-mutations in cytochrome b confer resistance to trifloxystrobin in Magnaporthe oryzae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4258-4267. [PMID: 32638510 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease in rice. Recently, trifloxystrobin was registered for the control of M. oryzae in China. The resistance profile and mechanism of M. oryzae to trifloxystrobin were investigated in the present study, providing important data for the recommended use of trifloxystrobin. RESULTS The baseline sensitivity was established at a half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) of 0.024 μg mL-1 . Nine stable trifloxystrobin-resistant mutants were generated with EC50 values ranging from 12.75 to 171.49 μg mL-1 . The mutants exhibited strong adaptive traits in sporulation, conidial germination, and pathogenicity. Positive cross-resistance was only observed between trifloxystrobin and azoxystrobin, but not between trifloxystrobin and carbendazim, isoprothiolane, prochloraz, or chlorothalonil. The point mutation G143S in cytochrome b (cyt b) protein was found in eight high-resistance mutants with resistant factor ranging from 2295.16 to 13 200.00; and the double mutation G137R/M296V only occurred in Mg117-1 with resistance factor ≈ 900. The G143S mutation weakened hydrogen bond interactions, and G137R/M296V changed the conformation of trifloxystrobin in the cyt b binding pocket. A molecular detection method was established for the rapid detection of G143S mutants in M. oryzae. CONCLUSION The resistance risk of M. oryzae to trifloxystrobin could be moderate to high. Two genotypes with three point-mutations G143S, G137R, and M296V conferred resistance to trifloxystrobin in M. oryzae. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guosen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, , China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixin Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, , China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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28
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Gene Pyramiding for Sustainable Crop Improvement against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10091255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is endangered by several ecological factors, such as drought, extreme temperatures, excessive salts, parasitic ailments, and insect pest infestation. These challenging environmental factors may have adverse effects on future agriculture production in many countries. In modern agriculture, conventional crop-breeding techniques alone are inadequate for achieving the increasing population’s food demand on a sustainable basis. The advancement of molecular genetics and related technologies are promising tools for the selection of new crop species. Gene pyramiding through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and other techniques have accelerated the development of durable resistant/tolerant lines with high accuracy in the shortest period of time for agricultural sustainability. Gene stacking has not been fully utilized for biotic stress resistance development and quality improvement in most of the major cultivated crops. This review emphasizes on gene pyramiding techniques that are being successfully deployed in modern agriculture for improving crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses for sustainable crop improvement.
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Abdelrahman M, Nakabayashi R, Mori T, Ikeuchi T, Mori M, Murakami K, Ozaki Y, Matsumoto M, Uragami A, Tsujimoto H, Tran LSP, Kanno A. Comparative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of Susceptible Asparagus officinalis and Resistant Wild A. kiusianus Reveal Insights into Stem Blight Disease Resistance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1464-1476. [PMID: 32374863 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phomopsis asparagi is one of the most serious fungal pathogens, which causes stem blight disease in Asparagus officinalis (AO), adversely affecting its production worldwide. Recently, the development of novel asparagus varieties using wild Asparagus genetic resources with natural P. asparagi resistance has become a priority in Japan due to the lack of resistant commercial AO cultivars. In this study, comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of susceptible AO and resistant wild Asparagus kiusianus (AK) 24 and 48 h postinoculated (AOI_24 hpi, AOI_48 hpi, AKI_24 hpi and AKI_48 hpi, respectively) with P. asparagi were conducted to gain insights into metabolic and expression changes associated with AK species. Following infection, the resistant wild AK showed rapid metabolic changes with increased levels of flavonoids and steroidal saponins and decreased asparagusic acid glucose ester content, compared with the susceptible AO plants. Transcriptome data revealed a total of 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as the core gene set that displayed upregulation in the resistant AK versus susceptible AO after infection with P. asparagi. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of these DEGs identified 11 significantly enriched pathways, including flavonoid biosynthesis and primary metabolite metabolism, in addition to plant signaling and defense-related pathways. In addition, comparative single-nucleotide polymorphism and Indel distributions in susceptible AO and resistant AK plants were evaluated using the latest AO reference genome Aspof.V1. The data generated in this study are important resources for advancing Asparagus breeding programs and for investigations of genetic linkage mapping, phylogenetic diversity and plant defense-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Takao Ikeuchi
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306 Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Mori
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306 Japan
| | - Kyoko Murakami
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, 1534-1 Ayagawa, Ayauta, Kagawa, 761-2306 Japan
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Atsuko Uragami
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8519 Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001 Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Akira Kanno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
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Fones HN, Bebber DP, Chaloner TM, Kay WT, Steinberg G, Gurr SJ. Threats to global food security from emerging fungal and oomycete crop pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:332-342. [PMID: 37128085 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Emerging fungal and oomycete pathogens infect staple calorie crops and economically important commodity crops, thereby posing a significant risk to global food security. Our current agricultural systems - with emphasis on intensive monoculture practices - and globalized markets drive the emergence and spread of new pathogens and problematic traits, such as fungicide resistance. Climate change further promotes the emergence of pathogens on new crops and in new places. Here we review the factors affecting the introduction and spread of pathogens and current disease control strategies, illustrating these with the historic example of the Irish potato famine and contemporary examples of soybean rust, wheat blast and blotch, banana wilt and cassava root rot. Our Review looks to the future, summarizing what we see as the main challenges and knowledge gaps, and highlighting the direction that research must take to face the challenge of emerging crop pathogens.
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Goncharova J, Bragin O, Goncharov S, Kharitonov E. Loci that determine long-term resistance to blast of Russian rice varieties. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In all rice-growing countries, including Russia, among the economically important, dangerous and harmful diseases of rice, the main role is played blast (pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Cavara). The problem of resistance of rice plants to disease is one of the main problems in modern breeding in most countries. The most effective way to protect rice from blast is using resistant varieties created with marker assistant selection (MAS). The article presents data on chromosomal regions that provide long-term resistance of varieties to pathogen in Russia. The groups of stable and unstable samples significantly differed in the presence of polymorphic loci on the fifth, sixth, eighth, ninth and second chromosomes, which reduces the complexity of evaluating selection material due to the primary screening of gene plasms by variability of resistance loci in the identified chromosomal regions.
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Li S, Xia L. Precise gene replacement in plants through CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology: current status and future perspectives. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:58-73. [PMID: 36305005 PMCID: PMC9590512 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-019-00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas, as a simple, versatile, robust and cost-effective system for genome manipulation, has dominated the genome editing field over the past few years. The application of CRISPR/Cas in crop improvement is particularly important in the context of global climate change, as well as diverse agricultural, environmental and ecological challenges. Various CRISPR/Cas toolboxes have been developed and allow for targeted mutagenesis at specific genome loci, transcriptome regulation and epigenome editing, base editing, and precise targeted gene/allele replacement or tagging in plants. In particular, precise replacement of an existing allele with an elite allele in a commercial variety through homology-directed repair (HDR) is a holy grail in genome editing for crop improvement as it has been very difficult, laborious and time-consuming to introgress the elite alleles into commercial varieties without any linkage drag from parental lines within a few generations in crop breeding practice. However, it still remains very challenging in crop plants. This review intends to provide an informative summary of the latest development and breakthroughs in gene replacement using CRISPR/Cas technology, with a focus on achievements, potential mechanisms and future perspectives in plant biological science as well as crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoya Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lanqin Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081 China
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Kang JW, Shin D, Cho JH, Lee JY, Kwon Y, Park DS, Ko JM, Lee JH. Accelerated development of rice stripe virus-resistant, near-isogenic rice lines through marker-assisted backcrossing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225974. [PMID: 31800632 PMCID: PMC6892552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new improved varieties is one of the major goals of plant breeding. Concomitantly, the demand for stable, eco-friendly, and high-quality rice production is constantly increasing. However, most farmers prefer to cultivate familiar rice varieties developed more than 10 years ago to minimize economic risk. A strategy is needed to develop rice varieties without the limitations of the preferred old varieties. Here, we tested the rapid development of near isogenic lines (NILs) using a rapid generation advance system together with marker-assisted backcrossing to overcome the shortcomings of parental materials. For this purpose, we chose rice stripe virus (RSV) susceptible variety Unkwang and RSV resistant variety Haedamssal as experimental materials. First, we backcrossed and screened BC1F1 and BC2F1 plants having similar agronomic traits as Unkwang and the heterozygous genotype for RSV resistant specific marker InDel7 from Haedamssal. Secondly, the genetic background of 11 BC2F1 plants was identified with 73 KASP markers; plants of line YR32548-8 showed 84.5% of recovery of the recurrent parent genome. Among 28 BC2F2 plants, YR32548-8-16 was the line that showed maximum recovery of the recurrent parent genome (96.2%) while effectively introgressed with RSV-resistance loci on chromosome 11. Finally, we selected line YR32548-8-16 as an NIL showing an RSV resistant phenotype and similar agronomic traits to Unkwang. This fast breeding approach will be useful in rice breeding programs for the improvement of varieties preferred by farmers for their stress tolerance, yield, or quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kang
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Shin
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Park
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Ko
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Wu ZM, Yang Y, Li KT. Antagonistic activity of a novel antifungalmycin N2 from Streptomyces sp. N2 and its biocontrol efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5299562. [PMID: 30689866 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifungalmycin N2 (3-methyl-3,5-amino-4-vinyl-2-pyrone, C6H7O2N) is a novel bioactive substance produced by Streptomyces sp. N2. In this present work, the antagonistic activity of antifungalmycin N2 and its biocontrol efficacy on Rhizoctonia solani were carried out to evaluate its potential as a biocontrol agent against fungal plant diseases. By using potato dextrose agar media for in vitro cultivation of phytopathogenic fungi, the results showed that antifungalmycin N2 not only displayed broad-spectrum antifungal activities against various plant pathogenic fungi, but also had a strong antagonism to the sclerotial germination of R. solani. In a detached leaf assay, it was found that antifungalmycin N2 could effectively protect the rice leaves form the infection of R. solani, resulting in a significantly reduced sheath blight severity on the surfaces of rice leaves. In the pot experiments, the results also revealed that significantly lower sheath blight infections occurred in the tissues of the treated rice plants, which further confirmed that antifungalmycin N2 had a favorable biocontrol efficacy on rice sheath blight. In conclusion, the above results indicated that the novel antifungalmycin N2 was one of promising biocontrol agents for plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Wu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO 1101, Zhimin Road, Changbei District, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO 1101, Zhimin Road, Changbei District, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kun-Tai Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NO 1101, Zhimin Road, Changbei District, Nanchang 330045, China
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Li Z, Xue Y, Zhou H, Li Y, Usman B, Jiao X, Wang X, Liu F, Qin B, Li R, Qiu Y. High-resolution mapping and breeding application of a novel brown planthopper resistance gene derived from wild rice (Oryza. rufipogon Griff). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:41. [PMID: 31165331 PMCID: PMC6548798 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH), one of the most destructive pests of rice, has proven to be a substantial threat, conferring enormous production losses in Asia and becoming a difficult challenge to manipulate and control under field conditions. The continuous use of insecticides promotes the resurgence of BPH, which results in resistant varieties adapting through the upgrading of new BPH biotypes. To overcome resistance acquired by BPH against resistance varieties, different forms of novel resistant gene fusions act as functional domains for breeding to enhance insect resistance. RESULTS The current study reports on the novel BPH resistance gene Bph36 derived from two introgression lines (RBPH16 and RBPH17) developed from wild rice GX2183 which was previously reported to be resistant to BPH. Using two F2 crossing populations (Kangwenqizhan × RBPH16 and Huanghuazhan × RBPH17) in a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) for identification of resistant genes and QTL analysis, two QTLs for BPH resistance were generated on the long and short arms of chromosome 4, which was further confirmed by developing BC1F2:3 populations by backcrossing via marker assisted selection (MAS) approach. One BPH resistance locus on the short arm of chromosome 4 was mapped to a 38-kb interval flanked by InDel markers S13 and X48, and then was named Bph36, whereas another locus on the long arm of chromosome 4 was also detected in an interval flanked by RM16766 and RM17033, which was the same as that of Bph27. An evaluation analysis based on four parameters (BPH host selection, honeydew weight, BPH survival rate and BPH population growth rate) shows that Bph36 conferred high levels antibiosis and antixenosis to BPH. Moreover, Bph36 pyramided with Bph3, Bph27, and Bph29 through MAS into elite cultivars 9311 and MH511 (harbored Xa23), creating different background breeding lines that also exhibited strong resistance to BPH in the seedling or tillering stage. CONCLUSION Bph36 can be utilized in BPH resistance breeding programs to develop high resistant rice lines and the high-resolution fine mapping will facilitate further map-based cloning and marker-assisted gene pyramiding of resistant gene. MAS exploited to pyramid with Bph3, Bph27, Bph29, and Xa23 was confirmed the effectiveness for BPH resistance breeding in rice and provided insights into the molecular mechanism of defense to control this devastating insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yanxia Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Hailian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Babar Usman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaozhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Baoxiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Rongbai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Yongfu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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Kalia S, Rathour R. Current status on mapping of genes for resistance to leaf- and neck-blast disease in rice. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:209. [PMID: 31093479 PMCID: PMC6509304 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast disease caused by fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae is a major threat to rice productivity worldwide. The rice-blast pathogen can infect both leaves and panicle neck nodes. Nearly, 118 genes for resistance to leaf blast have been identified and 25 of these have been molecularly characterized. A great majority of these genes encode nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins and are organized into clusters as allelic or tightly linked genes. Compared to ever expanding list of leaf-blast-resistance genes, a few major genes mediating protection to neck blast have been identified. A great majority of the genetic studies conducted with the genotypes differing in the degree of susceptibility/resistance to neck blast have suggested quantitative inheritance for the trait. Several reports on co-localization of gene/QTLs for leaf- and neck-blast resistance in rice genome have suggested the existence of common genes for resistance to both phases of the disease albeit inconsistencies in the genomic positions leaf- and neck-blast-resistance genes in some instances have presented the contrasting scenario. There is a strong evidence to suggest that developmentally regulated expression of many blast-resistance genes is a key determinant deciding their effectiveness against leaf or neck blast. Testing of currently characterized leaf-blast-resistance genes for their reaction to neck blast is required to expand the existing repertoire resistance genes against neck blast. Current developments in the understanding of molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions in rice-blast pathosystem offer novel possibilities for achieving durable resistance to blast through exploitation of natural or genetically engineered loss-of-function alleles of host susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kalia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India
| | - R. Rathour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India
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Gentzbittel L, Ben C, Mazurier M, Shin MG, Lorenz T, Rickauer M, Marjoram P, Nuzhdin SV, Tatarinova TV. WhoGEM: an admixture-based prediction machine accurately predicts quantitative functional traits in plants. Genome Biol 2019; 20:106. [PMID: 31138283 PMCID: PMC6537182 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosive growth of genomic data provides an opportunity to make increased use of sequence variations for phenotype prediction. We have developed a prediction machine for quantitative phenotypes (WhoGEM) that overcomes some of the bottlenecks limiting the current methods. We demonstrated its performance by predicting quantitative disease resistance and quantitative functional traits in the wild model plant species, Medicago truncatula, using geographical locations as covariates for admixture analysis. The method's prediction reliability equals or outperforms all existing algorithms for quantitative phenotype prediction. WhoGEM analysis produces evidence that variation in genome admixture proportions explains most of the phenotypic variation for quantitative phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gentzbittel
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Ben
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mélanie Mazurier
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Min-Gyoung Shin
- University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371 USA
| | - Todd Lorenz
- University of La Verne, 1950 3rd Street, La Verne, CA 91750 USA
| | - Martina Rickauer
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Paul Marjoram
- University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371 USA
| | - Sergey V. Nuzhdin
- University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371 USA
| | - Tatiana V. Tatarinova
- University of La Verne, 1950 3rd Street, La Verne, CA 91750 USA
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Kitazawa N, Shomura A, Mizubayashi T, Ando T, Nagata K, Hayashi N, Takahashi A, Yamanouchi U, Fukuoka S. Rapid DNA-genotyping system targeting ten loci for resistance to blast disease in rice. BREEDING SCIENCE 2019; 69:68-83. [PMID: 31086485 PMCID: PMC6507720 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae causes blast, a severe disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Improving blast resistance is important in rice breeding programs. Inoculation tests have been used to select for resistance genotypes, with DNA marker-based selection becoming an efficient alternative. No comprehensive DNA marker system for race-specific resistance alleles in the Japanese rice breeding program has been developed because some loci contain multiple resistance alleles. Here, we used the Fluidigm SNP genotyping platform to determine a set of 96 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for 10 loci with race-specific resistance. The markers were then used to evaluate the presence or absence of 24 resistance alleles in 369 cultivars; results were 93.5% consistent with reported inoculation test-based genotypes in japonica varieties. The evaluation system was successfully applied to high-yield varieties with indica genetic backgrounds. The system includes polymorphisms that distinguish the resistant alleles at the tightly linked Pita and Pita-2 loci, thereby confirming that all the tested cultivars with Pita-2 allele carry Pita allele. We also developed and validated insertion/deletion (InDel) markers for ten resistance loci. Combining SNP and InDel markers is an accurate and efficient strategy for selection for race-specific resistance to blast in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kitazawa
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Ayahiko Shomura
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Tatsumi Mizubayashi
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Tsuyu Ando
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Kazufumi Nagata
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Nagao Hayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Utako Yamanouchi
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Shuichi Fukuoka
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
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Wu Y, Xiao N, Chen Y, Yu L, Pan C, Li Y, Zhang X, Huang N, Ji H, Dai Z, Chen X, Li A. Comprehensive evaluation of resistance effects of pyramiding lines with different broad-spectrum resistance genes against Magnaporthe oryzae in rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:11. [PMID: 30825053 PMCID: PMC6397272 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broad-spectrum resistance gene pyramiding helps the development of varieties with broad-spectrum and durable resistance to M. oryzae. However, detailed information about how these different sources of broad-spectrum resistance genes act together or what are the best combinations to achieve broad-spectrum and durable resistance is limited. RESULTS Here a set of fifteen different polygene pyramiding lines (PPLs) were constructed using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Using artificial inoculation assays at seedling and heading stage, combined with natural induction identification under multiple field environments, we evaluated systematically the resistance effects of different alleles of Piz locus (Pigm, Pi40, Pi9, Pi2 and Piz) combined with Pi1, Pi33 and Pi54, respectively, and the interaction effects between different R genes. The results showed that the seedling blast and panicle blast resistance levels of PPLs were significantly higher than that of monogenic lines. The main reason was that most of the gene combinations produced transgressive heterosis, and the transgressive heterosis for panicle blast resistance produced by most of PPLs was higher than that of seedling blast resistance. Different gene pyramiding with broad-spectrum R gene produced different interaction effects, among them, the overlapping effect (OE) between R genes could significantly improve the seedling blast resistance level of PPLs, while the panicle blast resistance of PPLs were remarkably correlated with OE and complementary effect (CE). In addition, we found that gene combinations, Pigm/Pi1, Pigm/Pi54 and Pigm/Pi33 displayed broad-spectrum resistance in artificial inoculation at seedling and heading stage, and displayed stable broad-spectrum resistance under different disease nursery. Besides, agronomic traits evaluation also showed PPLs with these three gene combinations were at par to the recurrent parent. Therefore, it would provide elite gene combination model and germplasms for rice blast resistance breeding program. CONCLUSIONS The development of PPLs and interaction effect analysis in this study provides valuable theoretical foundation and innovative resources for breeding broad-spectrum and durable resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Wu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Colleges of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Cunhong Pan
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Niansheng Huang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongjuan Ji
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhengyuan Dai
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xijun Chen
- Colleges of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Aihong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Shinde H, Dudhate A, Tsugama D, Gupta SK, Liu S, Takano T. Pearl millet stress-responsive NAC transcription factor PgNAC21 enhances salinity stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:546-553. [PMID: 30447941 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is the sixth-leading cereal crop and a staple food crop. It is known for its high tolerance to abiotic stress and good nutrient profile. NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC) transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. In our study, the pearl millet stress-responsive NAC TF gene PgNAC21 was characterized. Gene expression analysis revealed that PgNAC21 expression is induced by salinity stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. In silico promoter analysis showed the presence of ABA response elements (ABREs) and MYB TF binding sites. A yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that a putative MYB TF in pearl millet, PgMYB1, binds to the promoter of PgNAC21. A transactivation assay in yeast cells revealed that PgNAC21 functions as a transcription activator and that its activation domain is located in its C-terminus. Relative to control plants, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PgNAC21 exhibited better seed germination, heavier fresh weight and greater root length under salinity stress. Overexpression of PgNAC21 in Arabidopsis plants also enhanced the expression of stress-responsive genes such as GSTF6 (GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE 6), COR47 (COLD-REGULATED 47) and RD20 (RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 20). Our data demonstrate that PgNAC21 functions as a stress-responsive NAC TF and can be utilized in transgenic approaches for developing salinity stress tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshraj Shinde
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center (ANESC), The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
| | - Ambika Dudhate
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center (ANESC), The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Tsugama
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Shashi K Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tetsuo Takano
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center (ANESC), The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
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Chukwu SC, Rafii MY, Ramlee SI, Ismail SI, Hasan MM, Oladosu YA, Magaji UG, Akos I, Olalekan KK. Bacterial leaf blight resistance in rice: a review of conventional breeding to molecular approach. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1519-1532. [PMID: 30628024 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for disease resistant varieties remains very effective and economical in controlling the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice. Breeders have played a major role in developing resistant rice varieties against the BLB infection which has been adjudged to be a major disease causing significant yield reduction in rice. It would be difficult to select rice crops with multiple genes of resistance using the conventional approach alone. This is due to masking effect of genes including epistasis. In addition, conventional breeding takes a lot of time before a gene of interest can be introgressed. Linkage drag is also a major challenge in conventional approach. Molecular breeding involving markers has facilitated the characterization and introgression of BLB disease resistance genes. Biotechnology has brought another innovation in form of genetic engineering (transgenesis) of rice. Although, molecular breeding cannot be taken as a substitute for conventional breeding, molecular approach for combating BLB disease in rice is worthwhile given the demand for increased production of rice in a fast growing population of our society. This present article highlights the recent progress from conventional to molecular approach in breeding for BLB disease resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chukwu
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Crop Production and Landscape Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - M Y Rafii
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - S I Ramlee
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S I Ismail
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M M Hasan
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y A Oladosu
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - U G Magaji
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Akos
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K K Olalekan
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bulgari R, Trivellini A, Ferrante A. Effects of Two Doses of Organic Extract-Based Biostimulant on Greenhouse Lettuce Grown Under Increasing NaCl Concentrations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1870. [PMID: 30666260 PMCID: PMC6330896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of plant tolerance toward abiotic stresses is increasingly being supported by the application of biostimulants. Salinity represents a serious problem in the Mediterranean region. To verify the effects deriving from the application of biostimulants, trials on Romaine lettuce plants under salt exposure were performed, in greenhouse. Plants were subjected to three NaCl solutions with 0.8, 1.3, and 1.8 dS/m of electrical conductivity. The volume of the solution was 200 mL/plant and delivered every 3 days. Biostimulant treatments started after crop establishment and were: control (water) and two doses (0.1 or 0.2 mL/plant) of the commercial biostimulant Retrosal® (Valagro S.p.A), containing calcium, zinc, and specific active ingredients. Four Retrosal® treatments were applied, every 7 days, directly to the substrate. Non-destructive analyses were conducted to assess the effects on leaf photosynthetic efficiency. At harvest, plants fresh weight (FW) and dry weight were determined, as well as the concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total sugars, nitrate, proline, and abscisic acid (ABA). The biostimulant tested increased significantly the FW of lettuce (+65% in the highest dose) compared to controls. Results indicate that treatments positively affected the chlorophyll content measured in vivo (+45% in the highest dose) and that a general positive effect was observable on net photosynthesis rate. Retrosal® seems to improve the gas exchanges under our experimental conditions. The total sugars levels were not affected by treatments. Biostimulant allowed maintaining nitrate concentration similar to the untreated and unstressed controls. The increasing levels of water salinity caused a raise in proline concentration in control plants (+85%); biostimulant treatments at 0.2 mL/plant dose kept lower the proline levels. All plants treated with the biostimulant showed lower value of ABA (-34%) compared to controls. Results revealed that Retrosal® is able to stimulate plant growth independently from the salinity exposure. However, treated plants reached faster the commercial maturity stage. The fresh biomass of control at the end of experiment, after 30 days, ranged from 15 to 42 g/head, while in biostimulant treated plants ranged from 45 to 94 g/head. The product applied at maximum dose seems to be the most effective in our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Mishra R, Rout E, Mohanty JN, Joshi RK. Sequence-tagged site-based diagnostic markers linked to a novel anthracnose resistance gene RCt1 in chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). 3 Biotech 2019; 9:9. [PMID: 30622847 PMCID: PMC6312824 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp. is the most devastating disease of chili (Capsicum annuum) in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present study aimed at molecular mapping and development of markers linked to a new gene for anthracnose resistance in the chili cultivar 'Punjab Lal'. Phenotypic evaluation of F1, F2, and BC1F1 populations derived from a cross between 'Punjab Lal' and susceptible cultivar 'Arka Lohit' against a virulent isolate of C. truncatum revealed that anthracnose resistance in Punjab Lal is governed by a monogenic-dominant gene designated as RCt1. Forty-four (28 ISSRs and 16 AFLPs) out of 201 markers exhibited parental polymorphism and were used in bulk segregant analysis. Three ISSRs (ISSR411493, ISSR581485, and ISSR1121857) and one AFLP marker (E-ACA/M-CTG516) showed precise polymorphism between resistant and susceptible bulks, and were used for genotyping F2 and BC1 populations. The four putative fragments were converted into sequence-tagged site (STS) markers and southern blotting confirmed their association with the resistance locus. Molecular mapping revealed that the STS markers CtR-431 and CtR-594 were closely linked to the RCt1 locus in coupling at distances of 1.8 and 2.3 cM, respectively. Furthermore, both of these markers showed the presence of resistance-linked allele in seven genotypes including the highly resistant C. chinnese 'PBC932' and C. baccatum 'PBC80' while negatively validated in 32 susceptible genotypes. Therefore, CtR431 and CtR-594 could be recommended as efficient diagnostic markers to facilitate the introgression of RCt1 locus into susceptible chili variants towards the development of high-yielding anthracnose resistance genotypes in C. annuum background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmini Mishra
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Ellojita Rout
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Jatindra Nath Mohanty
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Raj Kumar Joshi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
- Department of Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women’s University, Vidya Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751022 India
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Tian D, Guo X, Zhang Z, Wang M, Wang F. Improving blast resistance of the rice restorer line, Hui 316, by introducing Pi9 or Pi2 with marker-assisted selection. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1649095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dagang Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhujian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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Affiliation(s)
- George H. Greene
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Sahebi M, Hanafi MM, Rafii MY, Mahmud TMM, Azizi P, Osman M, Abiri R, Taheri S, Kalhori N, Shabanimofrad M, Miah G, Atabaki N. Improvement of Drought Tolerance in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.): Genetics, Genomic Tools, and the WRKY Gene Family. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3158474. [PMID: 30175125 PMCID: PMC6106855 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3158474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought tolerance is an important quantitative trait with multipart phenotypes that are often further complicated by plant phenology. Different types of environmental stresses, such as high irradiance, high temperatures, nutrient deficiencies, and toxicities, may challenge crops simultaneously; therefore, breeding for drought tolerance is very complicated. Interdisciplinary researchers have been attempting to dissect and comprehend the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought stress using various methods; however, the limited success of molecular breeding and physiological approaches suggests that we rethink our strategies. Recent genetic techniques and genomics tools coupled with advances in breeding methodologies and precise phenotyping will likely reveal candidate genes and metabolic pathways underlying drought tolerance in crops. The WRKY transcription factors are involved in different biological processes in plant development. This zinc (Zn) finger protein family, particularly members that respond to and mediate stress responses, is exclusively found in plants. A total of 89 WRKY genes in japonica and 97 WRKY genes in O. nivara (OnWRKY) have been identified and mapped onto individual chromosomes. To increase the drought tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), research programs should address the problem using a multidisciplinary strategy, including the interaction of plant phenology and multiple stresses, and the combination of drought tolerance traits with different genetic and genomics approaches, such as microarrays, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), WRKY gene family members with roles in drought tolerance, and transgenic crops. This review discusses the newest advances in plant physiology for the exact phenotyping of plant responses to drought to update methods of analysing drought tolerance in rice. Finally, based on the physiological/morphological and molecular mechanisms found in resistant parent lines, a strategy is suggested to select a particular environment and adapt suitable germplasm to that environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbod Sahebi
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed M. Hanafi
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Plantation Science and Technology, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Y. Rafii
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T. M. M. Mahmud
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Azizi
- Laboratory of Plantation Science and Technology, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Osman
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rambod Abiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sima Taheri
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nahid Kalhori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Shabanimofrad
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gous Miah
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Narges Atabaki
- Iran Azad University of Tehran Science & Reserach Branch, Hesarak, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
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Genotypic and Phenotypic Relationship among Yield Components in Rice under Tropical Conditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8936767. [PMID: 30105259 PMCID: PMC6076957 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8936767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The associations among yield-related traits and the pattern of influence on rice grain yield were investigated. This evaluation is important to determine the direct and indirect effects of various traits on yield to determine selection criteria for higher grain yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated under tropical condition at five locations in two planting seasons. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications across the locations. Data were collected on vegetative and yield components traits. The pooled data based on the analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.001) among the fifteen genotypes for all the characters studied except for panicle length and 100-grain weight. Highly significant and positive correlations at phenotypic level were observed in grain weight per hill (0.796), filled grains per panicle (0.702), panicles per hill (0.632), and tillers per hill (0.712) with yield per hectare, while moderate positive correlations were observed in flag leaf length to width ratio (0.348), days to flowering (0.412), and days to maturity (0.544). By contrast, unfilled grains per panicle (-0.225) and plant height (-0.342) had a negative significant association with yield per hectare. Filled grains per panicle (0.491) exhibited the maximum positive direct effect on yield followed by grain weight per hill (0.449), while unfilled grain per panicle (-0.144) had a negative direct effect. The maximum indirect effect on yield per hectare was recorded by the tillers per hill through the panicles per hill. Therefore, tillers per hill, filled grains per panicle, and grain weight per hill could be used as selection criteria for improving grain yield in rice.
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Mammadov J, Buyyarapu R, Guttikonda SK, Parliament K, Abdurakhmonov IY, Kumpatla SP. Wild Relatives of Maize, Rice, Cotton, and Soybean: Treasure Troves for Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:886. [PMID: 30002665 PMCID: PMC6032925 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Global food demand is expected to nearly double by 2050 due to an increase in the world's population. The Green Revolution has played a key role in the past century by increasing agricultural productivity worldwide, however, limited availability and continued depletion of natural resources such as arable land and water will continue to pose a serious challenge for global food security in the coming decades. High yielding varieties with proven tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, superior nutritional profiles, and the ability to adapt to the changing environment are needed for continued agricultural sustainability. The narrow genetic base of modern cultivars is becoming a major bottleneck for crop improvement efforts and, therefore, the use of crop wild relatives (CWRs) is a promising approach to enhance genetic diversity of cultivated crops. This article provides a review of the efforts to date on the exploration of CWRs as a source of tolerance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses in four global crops of importance; maize, rice, cotton, and soybean. In addition to the overview of the repertoire and geographical spread of CWRs in each of the respective crops, we have provided a comprehensive discussion on the morphological and/or genetic basis of the traits along with some examples, when available, of the research in the transfer of traits from CWRs to cultivated varieties. The emergence of modern molecular and genomic technologies has not only accelerated the pace of dissecting the genetics underlying the traits found in CWRs, but also enabled rapid and efficient trait transfer and genome manipulation. The potential and promise of these technologies has also been highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mammadov
- Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Ramesh Buyyarapu
- Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Satish K. Guttikonda
- Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Kelly Parliament
- Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Siva P. Kumpatla
- Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Corteva Agriscience™, Johnston, IA, United States
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Fisher MC, Hawkins NJ, Sanglard D, Gurr SJ. Worldwide emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs challenges human health and food security. Science 2018; 360:739-742. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aap7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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50
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Singh PK, Nag A, Arya P, Kapoor R, Singh A, Jaswal R, Sharma TR. Prospects of Understanding the Molecular Biology of Disease Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1141. [PMID: 29642631 PMCID: PMC5979409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the important crops grown worldwide and is considered as an important crop for global food security. Rice is being affected by various fungal, bacterial and viral diseases resulting in huge yield losses every year. Deployment of resistance genes in various crops is one of the important methods of disease management. However, identification, cloning and characterization of disease resistance genes is a very tedious effort. To increase the life span of resistant cultivars, it is important to understand the molecular basis of plant host-pathogen interaction. With the advancement in rice genetics and genomics, several rice varieties resistant to fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens have been developed. However, resistance response of these varieties break down very frequently because of the emergence of more virulent races of the pathogen in nature. To increase the durability of resistance genes under field conditions, understanding the mechanismof resistance response and its molecular basis should be well understood. Some emerging concepts like interspecies transfer of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and transgenerational plant immunitycan be employed to develop sustainable broad spectrum resistant varieties of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Akshay Nag
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Preeti Arya
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Ritu Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Akshay Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140 306, Punjab, India.
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