1
|
Qiu M, Tian M, Sun Y, Li H, Huang W, Ouyang H, Lin S, Zhang C, Wang M, Wang Y. Decoding the biochemical dialogue: metabolomic insights into soybean defense strategies against diverse pathogens. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2596-1. [PMID: 38965141 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Soybean, a crucial global leguminous crop, confronts persistent threats from diverse pathogens, exerting a profound impact on global yields. While genetic dimensions of soybean-pathogen interactions have garnered attention, the intricate biochemical responses remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we applied targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolite profiling to dissect the complex interplay between soybeans and five distinct pathogens. Our analysis uncovered 627 idMS/MS spectra, leading to the identification of four main modules, encompassing flavonoids, isoflavonoids, triterpenoids, and amino acids and peptides, alongside other compounds such as phenolics. Profound shifts were observed in both primary and secondary metabolism in response to pathogenic infections. Particularly notable were the bidirectional changes in total flavonoids across diverse pathogenic inoculations, while triterpenoids exhibited a general declining trend. Noteworthy among the highly inducible total flavonoids were known representative anti-pathogen compounds (glyceollin I), backbone forms of isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, formononetin), and newly purified compounds in this study (prunin). Subsequently, we delved into the biological roles of these five compounds, validating their diverse functions against pathogens: prunin significantly inhibited the vegetative growth and virulence of Phytophthora sojae; genistein exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on the vegetative growth and virulence of Phomopsis longicolla; daidzein and formononetin displayed significant repressive effects on the virulence of P. longicolla. This study underscores the potent utility of metabolomic tools, providing in-depth insights into plant-pathogen interactions from a biochemical perspective. The findings not only contribute to plant pathology but also offer strategic pathways for bolstering plant resistance against diseases on a broader scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengjun Tian
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huaibo Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haibing Ouyang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoyan Lin
- China State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen QM, Iswanto ABB, Kang H, Moon J, Phan KAT, Son GH, Suh MC, Chung EH, Gassmann W, Kim SH. The processed C-terminus of AvrRps4 effector suppresses plant immunity via targeting multiple WRKYs. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38869289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens generate and secrete effector proteins to the host plant cells during pathogenesis to promote virulence and colonization. If the plant carries resistance (R) proteins that recognize pathogen effectors, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is activated, resulting in a robust immune response and hypersensitive response (HR). The bipartite effector AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi has been well studied in terms of avirulence function. In planta, AvrRps4 is processed into two parts. The C-terminal fragment of AvrRps4 (AvrRps4C) induces HR in turnip and is recognized by the paired resistance proteins AtRRS1/AtRPS4 in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that AvrRps4C targets a group of Arabidopsis WRKY, including WRKY46, WRKY53, WRKY54, and WRKY70, to induce its virulence function. Indeed, AvrRps4C suppresses the general binding and transcriptional activities of immune-positive regulator WRKY54 and WRKY54-mediated resistance. AvrRps4C interferes with WRKY54's binding activity to target gene SARD1 in vitro, suggesting WRKY54 is sequestered from the SARD1 promoter by AvrRps4C. Through the interaction of AvrRps4C with four WRKYs, AvrRps4 enhances the formation of homo-/heterotypic complexes of four WRKYs and sequesters them in the cytoplasm, thus inhibiting their function in plant immunity. Together, our results provide a detailed virulence mechanism of AvrRps4 through its C-terminus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Kieu Anh Thi Phan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Geon Hui Son
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, Missouri, USA
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science and Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han P, Zhang R, Li R, Li F, Huang L. Identification of an SCF Ubiquitin Ligase Complex that Contributes to Resistance Against Valsa Canker in Apple. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:520-529. [PMID: 38470518 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-23-0206-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases play a critical role in plant disease resistance. Among them, the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex is the largest family and regulates the ubiquitination of a wide range of proteins. Apple Valsa canker (AVC) is a fungal disease of apple trees caused by the fungus Valsa mali, which can lead to significant economic losses. However, the function of the SCF complex in apple resistance to this disease is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that can enhance resistance to Valsa canker in apple. Disease evaluation experiments demonstrated that MdSkp1 increased apple resistance to AVC. Furthermore, MdSkp1 interacted with an F-box protein, MdSKIP14, and interacted with a cullin-1 protein, MdCUL1, to form an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Additionally, we revealed both MdSKIP14 and MdCUL1 as positive regulators of AVC resistance. In conclusion, our results identified an SCF complex capable of contributing to apple resistance against AVC, providing a theoretical basis for apple disease resistance and the sustainable development of the industry. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fudong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Collins ASP, Kurt H, Duggan C, Cotur Y, Coatsworth P, Naik A, Kaisti M, Bozkurt T, Güder F. Parallel, Continuous Monitoring and Quantification of Programmed Cell Death in Plant Tissue. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400225. [PMID: 38531063 PMCID: PMC11187890 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of hypersensitive response (HR) programmed cell death is imperative for understanding plant defense mechanisms and developing disease-resistant crop varieties. Here, a phenotyping platform for rapid, continuous-time, and quantitative assessment of HR is demonstrated: Parallel Automated Spectroscopy Tool for Electrolyte Leakage (PASTEL). Compared to traditional HR assays, PASTEL significantly improves temporal resolution and has high sensitivity, facilitating detection of microscopic levels of cell death. Validation is performed by transiently expressing the effector protein AVRblb2 in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (expressing the corresponding resistance protein Rpi-blb2) to reliably induce HR. Detection of cell death is achieved at microscopic intensities, where leaf tissue appears healthy to the naked eye one week after infiltration. PASTEL produces large amounts of frequency domain impedance data captured continuously. This data is used to develop supervised machine-learning (ML) models for classification of HR. Input data (inclusive of the entire tested concentration range) is classified as HR-positive or negative with 84.1% mean accuracy (F1 score = 0.75) at 1 h and with 87.8% mean accuracy (F1 score = 0.81) at 22 h. With PASTEL and the ML models produced in this work, it is possible to phenotype disease resistance in plants in hours instead of days to weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Kurt
- Department of BioengineeringRoyal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Cian Duggan
- Department of Life SciencesRoyal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Department of BioengineeringRoyal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Philip Coatsworth
- Department of BioengineeringRoyal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Atharv Naik
- Department of BioengineeringRoyal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Matti Kaisti
- Department of BioengineeringRoyal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
- Department of ComputingUniversity of TurkuVesilinnantie 5Turku20500Finland
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Department of Life SciencesRoyal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of BioengineeringRoyal School of MinesImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yıldırım K, Miladinović D, Sweet J, Akin M, Galović V, Kavas M, Zlatković M, de Andrade E. Genome editing for healthy crops: traits, tools and impacts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1231013. [PMID: 37965029 PMCID: PMC10641503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Crop cultivars in commercial use have often been selected because they show high levels of resistance to pathogens. However, widespread cultivation of these crops for many years in the environments favorable to a pathogen requires durable forms of resistance to maintain "healthy crops". Breeding of new varieties tolerant/resistant to biotic stresses by incorporating genetic components related to durable resistance, developing new breeding methods and new active molecules, and improving the Integrated Pest Management strategies have been of great value, but their effectiveness is being challenged by the newly emerging diseases and the rapid change of pathogens due to climatic changes. Genome editing has provided new tools and methods to characterize defense-related genes in crops and improve crop resilience to disease pathogens providing improved food security and future sustainable agricultural systems. In this review, we discuss the principal traits, tools and impacts of utilizing genome editing techniques for achieving of durable resilience and a "healthy plants" concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Dragana Miladinović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jeremy Sweet
- Sweet Environmental Consultants, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meleksen Akin
- Department of Horticulture, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Türkiye
| | - Vladislava Galović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eugenia de Andrade
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giuseppe A, Raffaella EM. The First Genome-Wide Mildew Locus O Genes Characterization in the Lamiaceae Plant Family. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13627. [PMID: 37686433 PMCID: PMC10487521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is a widespread plant disease that causes significant economic losses in thousands crops of temperate climates, including Lamiaceae species. Multiple scientific studies describe a peculiar form of PM-resistance associated at the inactivation of specific members of the Mildew Locus O (MLO) gene family, referred to as mlo-resistance. The characterization of Lamiaceae MLO genes, at the genomic level, would be a first step toward their potential use in breeding programs. We carried out a genome-wide characterization of the MLO gene family in 11 Lamiaceae species, providing a manual curated catalog of 324 MLO proteins. Evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships were studied through maximum likelihood analysis and motif patter reconstruction. Our approach highlighted seven different clades diversified starting from an ancestral MLO domain pattern organized in 18 highly conserved motifs. In addition, 74 Lamiaceae putative PM susceptibility genes, clustering in clade V, were identified. Finally, we performed a codon-based evolutionary analysis, revealing a general high level of purifying selection in the eleven Lamiaceae MLO gene families, and the occurrence of few regions under diversifying selection in candidate susceptibility factors. The results of this work may help to address further biological questions concerning MLOs involved in PM susceptibility. In follow-up studies, it could be investigated whether the silencing or loss-of-function mutations in one or more of these candidate genes may lead to PM resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andolfo Giuseppe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Ercolano Maria Raffaella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bishnoi R, Kaur S, Sandhu JS, Singla D. Genome engineering of disease susceptibility genes for enhancing resistance in plants. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:207. [PMID: 37338599 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Introgression of disease resistance genes (R-genes) to fight against an array of phytopathogens takes several years using conventional breeding approaches. Pathogens develop mechanism(s) to escape plants immune system by evolving new strains/races, thus making them susceptible to disease. Conversely, disruption of host susceptibility factors (or S-genes) provides opportunities for resistance breeding in crops. S-genes are often exploited by phytopathogens to promote their growth and infection. Therefore, identification and targeting of disease susceptibility genes (S-genes) are gaining more attention for the acquisition of resistance in plants. Genome engineering of S-genes results in targeted, transgene-free gene modification through CRISPR-Cas-mediated technology and has been reported in several agriculturally important crops. In this review, we discuss the defense mechanism in plants against phytopathogens, tug of war between R-genes and S-genes, in silico techniques for identification of host-target (S-) genes and pathogen effector molecule(s), CRISPR-Cas-mediated S-gene engineering, its applications, challenges, and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Bishnoi
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Sehgeet Kaur
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sandhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Deepak Singla
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang M, Hong Y, Zhu J, Pan Y, Zhou H, Lv C, Guo B, Wang F, Xu R. Molecular insights into the responses of barley to yellow mosaic disease through transcriptome analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:267. [PMID: 37208619 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) represents the fourth most essential cereal crop in the world, vulnerable to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and/or barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), leading to the significant yield reduction. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms regarding barley crop tolerance to virus infection, we employed a transcriptome sequencing approach and investigated global gene expression among three barley varieties under both infected and control conditions. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing outputs revealed massive genetic responses, reflected by the barley transcriptome after BaYMV and/or BaMMV infection. Significant enrichments in peptidase complex and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were clustered through Gene ontology and KEGG analysis. Many genes were identified as transcription factors, antioxidants, disease resistance genes and plant hormones and differentially expressed between infected and uninfected barley varieties. Importantly, general response genes, variety-specific and infection-specific genes were also discovered. Our results provide useful information for future barley breeding to resist BaYMV and BaMMV. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates transcriptomic adaptations in barley response to BaYMV/BaMMV infection through high-throughput sequencing technique. The analysis outcome from GO and KEGG pathways suggests that BaYMV disease induced regulations in multiple molecular-biology processes and signalling pathways. Moreover, critical DEGs involved in defence and stress tolerance mechanisms were displayed. Further functional investigations focusing on these DEGs contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant response to BaYMV disease infection, thereby offering precious genetic resources for breeding barley varieties resistant to BaYMV disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuhan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Decoding Metabolic Reprogramming in Plants under Pathogen Attacks, a Comprehensive Review of Emerging Metabolomics Technologies to Maximize Their Applications. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030424. [PMID: 36984864 PMCID: PMC10055942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In their environment, plants interact with a multitude of living organisms and have to cope with a large variety of aggressions of biotic or abiotic origin. What has been known for several decades is that the extraordinary variety of chemical compounds the plants are capable of synthesizing may be estimated in the range of hundreds of thousands, but only a fraction has been fully characterized to be implicated in defense responses. Despite the vast importance of these metabolites for plants and also for human health, our knowledge about their biosynthetic pathways and functions is still fragmentary. Recent progress has been made particularly for the phenylpropanoids and oxylipids metabolism, which is more emphasized in this review. With an increasing interest in monitoring plant metabolic reprogramming, the development of advanced analysis methods should now follow. This review capitalizes on the advanced technologies used in metabolome mapping in planta, including different metabolomics approaches, imaging, flux analysis, and interpretation using bioinformatics tools. Advantages and limitations with regards to the application of each technique towards monitoring which metabolite class or type are highlighted, with special emphasis on the necessary future developments to better mirror such intricate metabolic interactions in planta.
Collapse
|
10
|
Roy S, Agarwal T, Das A, Halder T, Upadhyaya G, Chaubey B, Ray S. The C-terminal stretch of glycine-rich proline-rich protein (SbGPRP1) from Sorghum bicolor serves as an antimicrobial peptide by targeting the bacterial outer membrane protein. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:131-151. [PMID: 36271987 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The C-terminal stretch in SbGPRP1 (Sorghum glycine-rich proline-rich protein) acts as an antimicrobial peptide in the host innate defense mechanism. Cationic antimicrobial proteins or peptides can either bind to the bacterial membrane or target a specific protein on the bacterial membrane thus leading to membrane perturbation. The 197 amino acid polypeptide of SbGPRP1 showed disordered structure at the N-terminal end and ordered conformation at the C-terminal end. In the present study, the expression of N-SbGPRP1, C-SbGPRP1, and ∆SbGPRP1 followed by antimicrobial assays showed potential antimicrobial property of the C-terminal peptide against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians. The SbGPRP1 protein loses its antimicrobial property when the 23 amino acid sequence (GHGGHGVFGGGYGHGGYGHGYGG) from position 136 to 158 is deleted from the protein. Thus, it can be concluded that the 23 amino acid sequence is vital for the said antimicrobial property. NPN assay, SEM analysis, and electrolyte leakage assays showed potent antimicrobial activity for C-SbGPRP1. Overexpression of the C-SbGPRP1 mutant protein in tobacco followed by infection with Rhodococcus fascians inhibited bacterial growth as shown by SEM analysis. To determine if C-SbGPRP1 might target any protein on the bacterial membrane we isolated the bacterial membrane protein from both Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus fascians. Bacterial membrane protein that interacted with the column-bound C-SbGPRP1 was eluted and subjected to LC-MS/MS. LC-MS/MS data analysis showed peptide hit with membrane protein YszA from Bacillus subtilis and a membrane protein from Rhodococcus fascians. Isolated bacterial membrane protein from Bacillus subtilis or Rhodococcus fascians was able to reduce the antimicrobial activity of C-SbGPRP1. Furthermore, BiFC experiments showed interactions between C-SbGPRP1 and YszA protein from Bacillus subtilis leading to the conclusion that bacterial membrane protein was targeted in such membrane perturbation leading to antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuddhanjali Roy
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanushree Agarwal
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Arup Das
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanmoy Halder
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Gouranga Upadhyaya
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Binay Chaubey
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Ray
- Plant Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Z, Hu J, Sun Q, Zhang X, Chang R, Wang Y. A novel elicitor protein phosphopentomutase from Bacillus velezensis LJ02 enhances tomato resistance to Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064589. [PMID: 36523612 PMCID: PMC9746712 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The loss of tomatoes caused by Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) is one of the crucial issues restricting the tomato yield. This study screened the elicitor protein phosphopentomutase from Bacillus velezensis LJ02 (BvEP) which improves the tomato resistance to B. cinerea. Phosphatemutase was reported to play a crucial role in the nucleoside synthesis of various microorganisms. However, there is no report on improving plant resistance by phosphopentomutase, and the related signaling pathway in the immune response has not been elucidated. High purity recombinant BvEP protein have no direct inhibitory effect on B. cinerea in vitro,and but induce the hypersensitivity response (HR) in Nicotiana tabacum. Tomato leaves overexpressing BvEP were found to be significantly more resistant to B. cinerea by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Several defense genes, including WRKY28 and PTI5 of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), UDP and UDP1 of effector-triggered immunity (ETI), Hin1 and HSR203J of HR, PR1a of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and the SAR related gene NPR1 were all up-regulated in transgenic tomato leaves overexpressing BvEP. In addition, it was found that transient overexpression of BvEP reduced the rotting rate and lesion diameter of tomato fruits caused by B. cinerea, and increased the expression of PTI, ETI, SAR-related genes, ROS content, SOD and POD activities in tomato fruits, while there was no significant effect on the weight loss and TSS, TA and Vc contents of tomato fruits. This study provides new insights into innovative breeding of tomato disease resistance and has great significance for loss reduction and income enhancement in the tomato industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianan Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruokui Chang
- College of Engineering and Technology Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Andolfo G, Di Donato A, Ercolano MR. NB-LRR Lineage-Specific Equipment Is Sorted Out by Sequence Pattern Adaptation and Domain Segment Shuffling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214269. [PMID: 36430746 PMCID: PMC9696612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) genes, also known as resistance (R)-genes, play an important role in the activation of immune responses. In recent years, large-scale studies have been performed to highlight the diversification of plant NB-LRR repertories. It is well known that, to provide new functionalities, NB-LRR sequences are subject to duplication, domain fusions and acquisition and other kinds of mutations. Although some mechanisms that govern NB-LRR protein domain adaptations have been uncovered, to retrace the plant-lineage-specific evolution routes of R protein structure, a multi-genome comparative analysis was performed. This study allowed us to define groups of genes sharing homology relationships across different species. It is worth noting that the most populated groups contained well-characterized R proteins. The arsenal profile of such groups was investigated in five botanical families, including important crop species, to underline specific adaptation signatures. In addition, the dissection of 70 NB domains of well-characterized R-genes revealed the NB core motifs from which the three main R protein classes have been diversified. The structural remodeling of domain segments shaped the specific NB-LRR repertoires observed in each plant species. This analysis provided new evolutionary and functional insights on NB protein domain shuffling. Taken together, such findings improved our understanding of the molecular adaptive selection mechanisms occurring at plant R loci.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ercolano MR, D’Esposito D, Andolfo G, Frusciante L. Multilevel evolution shapes the function of NB-LRR encoding genes in plant innate immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007288. [PMID: 36388554 PMCID: PMC9647133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A sophisticated innate immune system based on diverse pathogen receptor genes (PRGs) evolved in the history of plant life. To reconstruct the direction and magnitude of evolutionary trajectories of a given gene family, it is critical to detect the ancestral signatures. The rearrangement of functional domains made up the diversification found in PRG repertoires. Structural rearrangement of ancient domains mediated the NB-LRR evolutionary path from an initial set of modular proteins. Events such as domain acquisition, sequence modification and temporary or stable associations are prominent among rapidly evolving innate immune receptors. Over time PRGs are continuously shaped by different forces to find their optimal arrangement along the genome. The immune system is controlled by a robust regulatory system that works at different scales. It is important to understand how the PRG interaction network can be adjusted to meet specific needs. The high plasticity of the innate immune system is based on a sophisticated functional architecture and multi-level control. Due to the complexity of interacting with diverse pathogens, multiple defense lines have been organized into interconnected groups. Genomic architecture, gene expression regulation and functional arrangement of PRGs allow the deployment of an appropriate innate immunity response.
Collapse
|
14
|
Karmakar S, Das P, Panda D, Xie K, Baig MJ, Molla KA. A detailed landscape of CRISPR-Cas-mediated plant disease and pest management. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111376. [PMID: 35835393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technology has rapidly evolved to knock-out genes, create targeted genetic variation, install precise insertion/deletion and single nucleotide changes, and perform large-scale alteration. The flexible and multipurpose editing technologies have started playing a substantial role in the field of plant disease management. CRISPR-Cas has reduced many limitations of earlier technologies and emerged as a versatile toolbox for genome manipulation. This review summarizes the phenomenal progress of the use of the CRISPR toolkit in the field of plant pathology. CRISPR-Cas toolbox aids in the basic studies on host-pathogen interaction, in identifying virulence genes in pathogens, deciphering resistance and susceptibility factors in host plants, and engineering host genome for developing resistance. We extensively reviewed the successful genome editing applications for host plant resistance against a wide range of biotic factors, including viruses, fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, nematodes, insect pests, and parasitic plants. Recent use of CRISPR-Cas gene drive to suppress the population of pathogens and pests has also been discussed. Furthermore, we highlight exciting new uses of the CRISPR-Cas system as diagnostic tools, which rapidly detect pathogenic microorganism. This comprehensive yet concise review discusses innumerable strategies to reduce the burden of crop protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Das
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Debasmita Panda
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Kabin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mirza J Baig
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han P, Li R, Yue Q, Li F, Nie J, Yin Z, Xu M, Guan Q, Huang L. The Apple Receptor-Like Kinase MdSRLK3 Positively Regulates Resistance Against Pathogenic Fungus Valsa mali by Affecting the Ca 2+ Signaling Pathway. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2187-2197. [PMID: 35509209 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-21-0471-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Valsa mali is the main pathogenic fungus that causes the apple Valsa canker, a destructive disease severely threatening apple production in the world. However, the underlying key components involved in resistance against V. mali in apple trees remain largely unexplored. Here, we isolated and functionally characterized a G-type lectin S-receptor-like protein kinase MdSRLK3 from the cultivar Royal Gala derivative line GL-3. qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression of MdSRLK3 in apple branches reached its highest level at 24 h post V. mali inoculation, which was 13.42 times higher than without inoculation. Transient overexpression of MdSRLK3 enhanced apple resistance against V. mali, while transient silencing of MdSRLK3 reduced its resistance against the pathogen. More importantly, stable silencing of MdSRLK3 resulted in reduced resistance against this fungus. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MdSRLK3 positively regulated apple resistance by affecting the Ca2+ signaling pathway, and the regulation was also related to the H2O2 and callose signaling pathways. Overall, our data reveal that MdSRLK3 is a positive regulator of apple immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qianyu Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fudong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiajun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nguyen Q, Iswanto ABB, Son GH, Vuong UT, Lee J, Kang J, Gassmann W, Kim SH. AvrRps4 effector family processing and recognition in lettuce. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1390-1398. [PMID: 35616618 PMCID: PMC9366065 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During pathogenesis, effector proteins are secreted from the pathogen to the host plant to provide virulence activity for invasion of the host. However, once the host plant recognizes one of the delivered effectors, effector-triggered immunity activates a robust immune and hypersensitive response (HR). In planta, the effector AvrRps4 is processed into the N-terminus (AvrRps4N ) and the C-terminus (AvrRps4C ). AvrRps4C is sufficient to trigger HR in turnip and activate AtRRS1/AtRPS4-mediated immunity in Arabidopsis; on the other hand, AvrRps4N induces HR in lettuce. Furthermore, AvrRps4N -mediated HR requires a conserved arginine at position 112 (R112), which is also important for full-length AvrRps4 (AvrRps4F ) processing. Here, we show that effector processing and effector recognition in lettuce are uncoupled for the AvrRps4 family. In addition, we compared effector recognition by lettuce of AvrRps4 and its homologues, HopK1 and XopO. Interestingly, unlike for AvrRps4 and HopK1, mutation of the conserved R111 in XopO by itself was insufficient to abolish recognition. The combination of amino acid substitutions arginine 111 to leucine with glutamate 114 to lysine abolished the XopO-mediated HR, suggesting that AvrRps4 family members have distinct structural requirements for perception by lettuce. Together, our results provide an insight into the processing and recognition of AvrRps4 and its homologues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Geon Hui Son
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Ho Kang
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Institutes of Green‐bio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongChangRepublic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Identifies Candidate Hub Genes and Pathways of Pathogen Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081155. [PMID: 36009782 PMCID: PMC9404733 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Meta-analysis and systems-biology analysis revealed molecular plant defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana when attacked by various pathogens. Differentially expressed genes were involved in several biosynthetic metabolic pathways, including those responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pathways central to photosynthesis and plant–pathogen interactions. In addition, WRKY40, WRKY46, and STZ transcription factors served as major points in protein–protein interactions. Overall, the findings highlighted genes that are commonly expressed during plant–pathogen interactions and will be useful in the development of novel genetic resistance strategies. Abstract Following a pathogen attack, plants defend themselves using multiple defense mechanisms to prevent infections. We used a meta-analysis and systems-biology analysis to search for general molecular plant defense responses from transcriptomic data reported from different pathogen attacks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Data from seven studies were subjected to meta-analysis, which revealed a total of 3694 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), where both healthy and infected plants were considered. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis further suggested that the DEGs were involved in several biosynthetic metabolic pathways, including those responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pathways central to photosynthesis and plant–pathogen interactions. Using network analysis, we highlight the importance of WRKY40, WRKY46 and STZ, and suggest that they serve as major points in protein–protein interactions. This is especially true regarding networks of composite-metabolic responses by pathogens. In summary, this research provides a new approach that illuminates how different mechanisms of transcriptome responses can be activated in plants under pathogen infection and indicates that common genes vary in their ability to regulate plant responses to the pathogens studied herein.
Collapse
|
18
|
Andolfo G, Dohm JC, Himmelbauer H. Prediction of NB-LRR resistance genes based on full-length sequence homology. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1592-1602. [PMID: 35365907 PMCID: PMC9322396 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The activation of plant immunity is mediated by resistance (R)-gene receptors, also known as nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) genes, which in turn trigger the authentic defense response. R-gene identification is a crucial goal for both classic and modern plant breeding strategies for disease resistance. The conventional method identifies NB-LRR genes using a protein motif/domain-based search (PDS) within an automatically predicted gene set of the respective genome assembly. PDS proved to be imprecise since repeat masking prior to automatic genome annotation unwittingly prevented comprehensive NB-LRR gene detection. Furthermore, R-genes have diversified in a species-specific manner, so that NB-LRR gene identification cannot be universally standardized. Here, we present the full-length Homology-based R-gene Prediction (HRP) method for the comprehensive identification and annotation of a genome's R-gene repertoire. Our method has substantially addressed the complex genomic organization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) NB-LRR gene loci, proving to be more performant than the well-established RenSeq approach. HRP efficiency was also tested on three differently assembled and annotated Beta sp. genomes. Indeed, HRP identified up to 45% more full-length NB-LRR genes compared to previous approaches. HRP also turned out to be a more refined strategy for R-gene allele mining, testified by the identification of hitherto undiscovered Fom-2 homologs in five Cucurbita sp. genomes. In summary, our high-performance method for full-length NB-LRR gene discovery will propel the identification of novel R-genes towards development of improved cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II’Via Università 10080055Portici (Naples)Italy
| | - Juliane C. Dohm
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| | - Heinz Himmelbauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaMuthgasse 181190ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adhikari TB, Aryal R, Redpath LE, Van den Broeck L, Ashrafi H, Philbrick AN, Jacobs RL, Sozzani R, Louws FJ. RNA-Seq and Gene Regulatory Network Analyses Uncover Candidate Genes in the Early Defense to Two Hemibiotrophic Colletorichum spp. in Strawberry. Front Genet 2022; 12:805771. [PMID: 35360413 PMCID: PMC8960243 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.805771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hemibiotrophic pathogens, Colletotrichum acutatum (Ca) and C. gloeosporioides (Cg), cause anthracnose fruit rot and anthracnose crown rot in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne), respectively. Both Ca and Cg can initially infect through a brief biotrophic phase, which is associated with the production of intracellular primary hyphae that can infect host cells without causing cell death and establishing hemibiotrophic infection (HBI) or quiescent (latent infections) in leaf tissues. The Ca and Cg HBI in nurseries and subsequent distribution of asymptomatic infected transplants to fruit production fields is the major source of anthracnose epidemics in North Carolina. In the absence of complete resistance, strawberry varieties with good fruit quality showing rate-reducing resistance have frequently been used as a source of resistance to Ca and Cg. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the rate-reducing resistance or susceptibility to Ca and Cg are still unknown. We performed comparative transcriptome analyses to examine how rate-reducing resistant genotype NCS 10-147 and susceptible genotype ‘Chandler’ respond to Ca and Cg and identify molecular events between 0 and 48 h after the pathogen-inoculated and mock-inoculated leaf tissues. Although plant response to both Ca and Cg at the same timepoint was not similar, more genes in the resistant interaction were upregulated at 24 hpi with Ca compared with those at 48 hpi. In contrast, a few genes were upregulated in the resistant interaction at 48 hpi with Cg. Resistance response to both Ca and Cg was associated with upregulation of MLP-like protein 44, LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase, and auxin signaling pathway, whereas susceptibility was linked to modulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Gene regulatory network inference analysis revealed candidate transcription factors (TFs) such as GATA5 and MYB-10, and their downstream targets were upregulated in resistant interactions. Our results provide valuable insights into transcriptional changes during resistant and susceptible interactions, which can further facilitate assessing candidate genes necessary for resistance to two hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum spp. in strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tika B. Adhikari
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Tika B. Adhikari, ; Frank J. Louws,
| | - Rishi Aryal
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lauren E. Redpath
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hamid Ashrafi
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ashley N. Philbrick
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Raymond L. Jacobs
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Frank J. Louws
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Tika B. Adhikari, ; Frank J. Louws,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Calle García J, Guadagno A, Paytuvi-Gallart A, Saera-Vila A, Amoroso CG, D'Esposito D, Andolfo G, Aiese Cigliano R, Sanseverino W, Ercolano MR. PRGdb 4.0: an updated database dedicated to genes involved in plant disease resistance process. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D1483-D1490. [PMID: 34850118 PMCID: PMC8729912 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plant Resistance Genes database (PRGdb; http://prgdb.org/prgdb4/) has been greatly expanded, keeping pace with the increasing amount of available knowledge and data (sequenced proteomes, cloned genes, public analysis data, etc.). The easy-to-use style of the database website has been maintained, while an updated prediction tool, more data and a new section have been added. This new section will contain plant resistance transcriptomic experiments, providing additional easy-to-access experimental information. DRAGO3, the tool for automatic annotation and prediction of plant resistance genes behind PRGdb, has been improved in both accuracy and sensitivity, leading to more reliable predictions. PRGdb offers 199 reference resistance genes and 586.652 putative resistance genes from 182 sequenced proteomes. Compared to the previous release, PRGdb 4.0 has increased the number of reference resistance genes from 153 to 199, the number of putative resistance genes from 177K from 76 proteomes to 586K from 182 sequenced proteomes. A new section has been created that collects plant-pathogen transcriptomic data for five species of agricultural interest. Thereby, with these improvements and data expansions, PRGdb 4.0 aims to serve as a reference to the plant scientific community and breeders worldwide, helping to further study plant resistance mechanisms that contribute to fighting pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Calle García
- Sequentia Biotech SL, Calle Comte D'Urgell 240, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Guadagno
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | | | - Ciro Gianmaria Amoroso
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Esposito
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Raffaella Ercolano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gaikwad HD, Dalvi SG, Hasabnis S, Suprasanna P. Electron Beam Irradiated Chitosan elicits enhanced antioxidant properties combating resistance to Purple Blotch Disease ( Alternaria porri) in Onion ( Allium cepa). Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:100-108. [PMID: 34587466 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1987569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was carried out to assess the effect of irradiated chitosan as an elicitor on the biochemical traits associated with resistance to purple blotch disease in onion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chitosan was electron beam irradiated at 100 kGy dose to obtain low molecular weight chitosan. Irradiated chitosan at 20 and 0.04% concentration and different time intervals was used as a biological elicitor cum antimicrobial agent against purple blotch disease in onion. Field grown onion (Variety Basanvant 780) plants were foliar sprayed with irradiated chitosan and the biochemical responses were monitored using parameters namely chlorophylls, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes, phenols, and antifungal enzyme β-1,3 Glucanase using standard methods. RESULTS Compared to control treatment, a positive correlation with irradiated chitosan treatment was observed for an increase in β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase activity, and contents of total phenolics, chlorophylls, and carotenoids, which cumulatively contributed to resistance response against the purple blotch disease. Irradiated chitosan (0.04%) treated onion plants at 30, 45, and 60 DAT showed a higher total phenolics, β-1,3-glucanase activity, and peroxidase activity besides enhanced antioxidant properties. CONCLUSION The results suggest that irradiated chitosan has elicited resistance responses against purple blotch disease in onion. The increased production of antioxidant metabolites may provide value addition to onion as a food commodity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Govind Dalvi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk), Pune, India
| | | | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agricultural Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Andolfo G, Sánchez CS, Cañizares J, Pico MB, Ercolano MR. Large-scale gene gains and losses molded the NLR defense arsenal during the Cucurbita evolution. PLANTA 2021; 254:82. [PMID: 34559316 PMCID: PMC8463517 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide annotation reveals that the gene birth-death process of the Cucurbita R family is associated with a species-specific diversification of TNL and CNL protein classes. The Cucurbitaceae family includes nearly 1000 plant species known universally as cucurbits. Cucurbita genus includes many economically important worldwide crops vulnerable to more than 200 pathogens. Therefore, the identification of pathogen-recognition genes is of utmost importance for this genus. The major class of plant-resistance (R) genes encodes nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, and is divided into three sub-classes namely, TIR-NB-LRR (TNL), CC-NB-LRR (CNL) and RPW8-NB-LRR (RNL). Although the characterization of the NLR gene family has been carried out in important Cucurbita species, this information is still linked to the availability of sequenced genomes. In this study, we analyzed 40 de novo transcriptomes and 5 genome assemblies, which were explored to investigate the Cucurbita expressed-NLR (eNLR) and NLR repertoires using an ad hoc gene annotation approach. Over 1850 NLR-encoding genes were identified, finely characterized and compared to 96 well-characterized plant R-genes. The maximum likelihood analyses revealed an unusual diversification of CNL/TNL genes and a strong RNL conservation. Indeed, several gene gain and loss events have shaped the Cucurbita NLR family. Finally, to provide a first validation step Cucurbita, eNLRs were explored by real-time PCR analysis. The NLR repertories of the 12 Cucurbita species presented in this paper will be useful to discover novel R-genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, NA Italy
| | - Cristina S. Sánchez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquìn Cañizares
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria B. Pico
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria R. Ercolano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, NA Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dong AY, Wang Z, Huang JJ, Song BA, Hao GF. Bioinformatic tools support decision-making in plant disease management. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:953-967. [PMID: 34039514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food loss due to pathogens is a major concern in agriculture, requiring the need for advanced disease detection and prevention measures to minimize pathogen damage to plants. Novel bioinformatic tools have opened doors for the low-cost rapid identification of pathogens and prevention of disease. The number of these tools is growing fast and a comprehensive and comparative summary of these resources is currently lacking. Here, we review all current bioinformatic tools used to identify the mechanisms of pathogen pathogenicity, plant resistance protein identification, and the detection and treatment of plant disease. We compare functionality, data volume, data sources, performance, and applicability of all tools to provide a comprehensive toolbox for researchers in plant disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Bao-An Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kang H, Nguyen QM, Iswanto ABB, Hong JC, Bhattacharjee S, Gassmann W, Kim SH. Nuclear Localization of HopA1 Pss61 Is Required for Effector-Triggered Immunity. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050888. [PMID: 33924988 PMCID: PMC8145104 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance proteins recognize cognate pathogen avirulence proteins (also named effectors) to implement the innate immune responses called effector-triggered immunity. Previously, we reported that hopA1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 61 was identified as an avr gene for Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a forward genetic screen approach, we cloned a hopA1-specific TIR-NBS-LRR class disease resistance gene, RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE6 (RPS6). Many resistance proteins indirectly recognize effectors, and RPS6 is thought to interact with HopA1Pss61 indirectly by surveillance of an effector target. However, the involved target protein is currently unknown. Here, we show RPS6 is the only R protein that recognizes HopA1Pss61 in Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 accession. Both RPS6 and HopA1Pss61 are co-localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. HopA1Pss61 is also distributed in plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. Interestingly, nuclear localization of HopA1Pss61 is required to induce cell death as NES-HopA1Pss61 suppresses the level of cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, in planta expression of hopA1Pss61 led to defense responses, such as a dwarf morphology, a cell death response, inhibition of bacterial growth, and increased accumulation of defense marker proteins in transgenic Arabidopsis. Functional characterization of HopA1Pss61 and RPS6 will provide an important piece of the ETI puzzle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.K.); (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Quang-Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.K.); (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.K.); (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.K.); (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (J.C.H.)
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO—Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR—Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, India;
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.K.); (Q.-M.N.); (A.B.B.I.); (J.C.H.)
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rigault M, Citerne S, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Dellagi A. Salicylic acid is a key player of Arabidopsis autophagy mutant susceptibility to the necrotrophic bacterium Dickeya dadantii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3624. [PMID: 33574453 PMCID: PMC7878789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous vesicular process for protein and organelle recycling in eukaryotes. In plant, autophagy is reported to play pivotal roles in nutrient recycling, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The role of autophagy in plant immunity remains poorly understood. Several reports showed enhanced susceptibility of different Arabidopsis autophagy mutants (atg) to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Interaction of necrotrophic bacterial pathogens with autophagy is overlooked. We then investigated such interaction by inoculating the necrotrophic enterobacterium Dickeya dadantii in leaves of the atg2 and atg5 mutants and an ATG8a overexpressing line. Overexpressing ATG8a enhances plant tolerance to D. dadantii. While atg5 mutant displayed similar susceptibility to the WT, the atg2 mutant exhibited accelerated leaf senescence and enhanced susceptibility upon infection. Both phenotypes were reversed when the sid2 mutation, abolishing SA signaling, was introduced in the atg2 mutant. High levels of SA signaling in atg2 mutant resulted in repression of the jasmonic acid (JA) defense pathway known to limit D. dadantii progression in A. thaliana. We provide evidence that in atg2 mutant, the disturbed hormonal balance leading to higher SA signaling is the main factor causing increased susceptibility to the D. dadantii necrotroph by repressing the JA pathway and accelerating developmental senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Rigault
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78000, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78000, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78000, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Alia Dellagi
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78000, Versailles Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Andolfo G, D’Agostino N, Frusciante L, Ercolano MR. The Tomato Interspecific NB-LRR Gene Arsenal and Its Impact on Breeding Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020184. [PMID: 33514027 PMCID: PMC7911644 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a model system for studying the molecular basis of resistance in plants. The investigation of evolutionary dynamics of tomato resistance (R)-loci provides unique opportunities for identifying factors that promote or constrain genome evolution. Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) receptors belong to one of the most plastic and diversified families. The vast amount of genomic data available for Solanaceae and wild tomato relatives provides unprecedented insights into the patterns and mechanisms of evolution of NB-LRR genes. Comparative analysis remarked a reshuffling of R-islands on chromosomes and a high degree of adaptive diversification in key R-loci induced by species-specific pathogen pressure. Unveiling NB-LRR natural variation in tomato and in other Solanaceae species offers the opportunity to effectively exploit genetic diversity in genomic-driven breeding programs with the aim of identifying and introducing new resistances in tomato cultivars. Within this motivating context, we reviewed the repertoire of NB-LRR genes available for tomato improvement with a special focus on signatures of adaptive processes. This issue is still relevant and not thoroughly investigated. We believe that the discovery of mechanisms involved in the generation of a gene with new resistance functions will bring great benefits to future breeding strategies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Desmedt W, Mangelinckx S, Kyndt T, Vanholme B. A Phytochemical Perspective on Plant Defense Against Nematodes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:602079. [PMID: 33281858 PMCID: PMC7691236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.602079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Given the large yield losses attributed to plant-parasitic nematodes and the limited availability of sustainable control strategies, new plant-parasitic nematode control strategies are urgently needed. To defend themselves against nematode attack, plants possess sophisticated multi-layered immune systems. One element of plant immunity against nematodes is the production of small molecules with anti-nematode activity, either constitutively or after nematode infection. This review provides an overview of such metabolites that have been identified to date and groups them by chemical class (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, etc.). Furthermore, this review discusses strategies that have been used to identify such metabolites and highlights the ways in which studying anti-nematode metabolites might be of use to agriculture and crop protection. Particular attention is given to emerging, high-throughput approaches for the identification of anti-nematode metabolites, in particular the use of untargeted metabolomics techniques based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defense, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- Research Group Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defense, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Siddappa S, Marathe GK. What we know about plant arginases? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:600-610. [PMID: 33069114 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the essential element required for plant growth and development. In plants, most of the nitrogen is stored in arginine. Hence, metabolism of arginine to urea by arginase and its further hydrolysis to ammonia by urease is involved in nitrogen recycling to meet the metabolic demands of growing plants. In this respect, plant arginases differ from that of animals. Animals excrete urea while plants recycle the urea. However, the studies on the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of plant arginase are limited when compared to animal arginase(s). In this review, the structural and biochemical characteristics of various plant arginases are discussed. Moreover, the significance of arginase in nitrogen recycling is explained and recent literature on function and activation of plant arginases in response to various environmental (biotic and abiotic) insults is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Siddappa
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Baruah I, Baldodiya GM, Sahu J, Baruah G. Dissecting the Role of Promoters of Pathogen-sensitive Genes in Plant Defense. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:491-503. [PMID: 33214765 PMCID: PMC7604749 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200727213500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants inherently show resistance to pathogen attack but are susceptible to multiple bacteria, viruses, fungi, and phytoplasmas. Diseases as a result of such infection leads to the deterioration of crop yield. Several pathogen-sensitive gene activities, promoters of such genes, associated transcription factors, and promoter elements responsible for crosstalk between the defense signaling pathways are involved in plant resistance towards a pathogen. Still, only a handful of genes and their promoters related to plant resistance have been identified to date. Such pathogen-sensitive promoters are accountable for elevating the transcriptional activity of certain genes in response to infection. Also, a suitable promoter is a key to devising successful crop improvement strategies as it ensures the optimum expression of the required transgene. The study of the promoters also helps in mining more details about the transcription factors controlling their activities and helps to unveil the involvement of new genes in the pathogen response. Therefore, the only way out to formulate new solutions is by analyzing the molecular aspects of these promoters in detail. In this review, we provided an overview of the promoter motifs and cis-regulatory elements having specific roles in pathogen attack response. To elaborate on the importance and get a vivid picture of the pathogen-sensitive promoter sequences, the key motifs and promoter elements were analyzed with the help of PlantCare and interpreted with available literature. This review intends to provide useful information for reconstructing the gene networks underlying the resistance of plants against pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jagajjit Sahu
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India;, E-mail: ; Environment Division, Assam Science Technology & Environment Council, Bigyan Bhawan, Guwahati-781005, Assam, India; E-mail:
| | - Geetanjali Baruah
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India;, E-mail: ; Environment Division, Assam Science Technology & Environment Council, Bigyan Bhawan, Guwahati-781005, Assam, India; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mareya CR, Tugizimana F, Di Lorenzo F, Silipo A, Piater LA, Molinaro A, Dubery IA. Adaptive defence-related changes in the metabolome of Sorghum bicolor cells in response to lipopolysaccharides of the pathogen Burkholderia andropogonis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7626. [PMID: 32376849 PMCID: PMC7203242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell suspension culture systems are valuable for the study of complex biological systems such as inducible defence responses and aspects of plant innate immunity. Perturbations to the cellular metabolome can be investigated using metabolomic approaches in order to reveal the underlying metabolic mechanism of cellular responses. Lipopolysaccharides from the sorghum pathogen, Burkholderia andropogonis (LPSB.a.), were purified, chemically characterised and structurally elucidated. The lipid A moiety consists of tetra- and penta-acylated 1,4'-bis-phosphorylated disaccharide backbone decorated by aminoarabinose residues, while the O-polysaccharide chain consists of linear trisaccharide repeating units of [→2)-α-Rha3CMe-(1 → 3)-α-Rha-(1 → 3)-α-Rha-(1 → ]. The effect of LPSB.a. in triggering metabolic reprogramming in Sorghum bicolor cells were investigated using untargeted metabolomics with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection. Cells were treated with LPSB.a. and the metabolic changes monitored over a 30 h time period. Alterations in the levels of phytohormones (jasmonates, zeatins, traumatic-, azelaic- and abscisic acid), which marked the onset of defence responses and accumulation of defence-related metabolites, were observed. Phenylpropanoids and indole alkaloids as well as oxylipins that included di- and trihydroxyoctadecedienoic acids were identified as signatory biomarkers, with marked secretion into the extracellular milieu. The study demonstrated that sorghum cells recognise LPSB.a. as a 'microbe-associated molecular pattern', perturbing normal cellular homeostasis. The molecular features of the altered metabolome were associated with phytohormone-responsive metabolomic reconfiguration of primary and secondary metabolites originating from various metabolic pathways, in support of defence and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charity R Mareya
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Andolfo G, Di Donato A, Chiaiese P, De Natale A, Pollio A, Jones JDG, Frusciante L, Ercolano MR. Alien Domains Shaped the Modular Structure of Plant NLR Proteins. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:3466-3477. [PMID: 31730154 PMCID: PMC7145615 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant innate immunity mostly relies on nucleotide-binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) intracellular receptors to detect pathogen-derived molecules and to induce defense responses. A multitaxa reconstruction of NB-domain associations allowed us to identify the first NB–LRR arrangement in the Chlorophyta division of the Viridiplantae. Our analysis points out that the basic NOD-like receptor (NLR) unit emerged in Chlorophytes by horizontal transfer and its diversification started from Toll/interleukin receptor–NB–LRR members. The operon-based genomic structure of Chromochloris zofingiensis NLR copies suggests a functional origin of NLR clusters. Moreover, the transmembrane signatures of NLR proteins in the unicellular alga C. zofingiensis support the hypothesis that the NLR-based immunity system of plants derives from a cell-surface surveillance system. Taken together, our findings suggest that NLRs originated in unicellular algae and may have a common origin with cell-surface LRR receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Antimo Di Donato
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Naples), Italy
| | | | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Jonathan D G Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Ercolano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (Naples), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cappetta E, Andolfo G, Di Matteo A, Ercolano MR. Empowering crop resilience to environmental multiple stress through the modulation of key response components. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 246-247:153134. [PMID: 32070802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants have developed a multitude of defense and adaptation responses to protect themselves against invading pathogens and challenging environmental stresses, mostly operating jointly. The plant perception of overall stress induces a coordinated response mediated by complex signaling networks. Experimental evidences proved that plant response to combined biotic and abiotic stresses substantially diverge from the responses to individual stresses. Moreover, the cross-talk of signaling pathways involved in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses is pivoted on several converging elements able to simultaneously modulate the timing and amplitude of the overall plant response. Comprehensively, the interaction between biotic and abiotic stresses can dramatically changes the plant response to the individual stress and the phenotypical outcome of each stress factor. System biology and data mining can synergistically help biologists in finding out regulative mechanisms and key genes controlling the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Deploying new genetic engineering solutions can rely on the modification of genes involved in resistance/tolerance processes and/or in the modulation of regulatory elements. Finally, a model of the engineered crop for enhanced tolerance to pressures resulting from invasive pathogens and abiotic constraints in semiarid and warm environment is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Cappetta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
| | - G Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
| | - A Di Matteo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
| | - M R Ercolano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Andolfo G, Villano C, Errico A, Frusciante L, Carputo D, Aversano R, Ercolano MR. Inferring RPW8-NLRs's evolution patterns in seed plants: case study in Vitis vinifera. PLANTA 2019; 251:32. [PMID: 31823009 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic studies in plants and, more in deep, in grapevine reveal that the disease-resistance RNL gene family is highly variable. RNLs (RPW8-NLRs) are a phylogenetically distinct class of nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) identified in plants. Two RNLs, namely, the NRG1 (N Requirement Gene 1) and the ADR1 (Activated Disease Resistance 1), have been characterized; however, little is known about the RNL evolutionary history in higher plants. To trace the diversification of RNL gene subfamily, we scanned the NLR proteins of 73 plant genomes belonging to 29 taxa, revealing a noticeable diversification across species and within the same genus or botanic family together with a conspicuous expansion in important crop species. To explore the RNL variability in Vitis vinifera and gain information with respect to their structure, evolutionary diversification of five grape genomes ('Aglianico', 'Falanghina', 'Sultanina', 'Tannat', and 'Nebbiolo') has been compared to the reference genome ('Pinot Noir'). The number of RNLs ranged from 6 ('Sultanina') to 14 ('Nebbiolo'), in contrast to the 10 'Pinot Noir' RNLs. The phylogenetic study on grapevine RNLs revealed that all collapsed into NRG1-clade, rather than four. To investigate more in depth the means of intraspecific variability of grape RNL copies, a transcriptomic profiling in response to powdery mildew (PM) infection was carried out through qRT-PCRs and public databases interrogation. The RNL expression variability identified in transcriptome data sets supports the hypothesis of a functional expansion/contraction in grapevine varieties. Although no direct correlations between grapevine PM-resistance and RNL expression was identified, our work can provide good candidates for functional studies able to elucidate the putative "helper" role of RNLs in grape immune signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Clizia Villano
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Angela Errico
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Maria R Ercolano
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Han PL, Wang CK, Liu XJ, Dong YH, Jiang H, Hu DG, Hao YJ. BTB-BACK Domain E3 Ligase MdPOB1 Suppresses Plant Pathogen Defense against Botryosphaeria dothidea by Ubiquitinating and Degrading MdPUB29 Protein in Apple. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2129-2140. [PMID: 31165159 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Apple ring rot is a severe disease that affects the yield and quality of apple fruits worldwide. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that involved in this process still remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that apple POZ/BTB CONTAINING-PROTEIN 1 (MdPOB1), a BTB-BACK domain E3 ligase protein, functions to suppress apple pathogen defense against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea). Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that MdPOB1 interacted directly with and degraded apple U-box E3 ligase MdPUB29, a well-established positive regulator of plant innate immunity, through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. A series of transgenic analyses in apple fruits demonstrated that MdPOB1 affected apple pathogen defense against B. dothidea at least partially, if not completely, via regulating MdPUB29. Additionally, it was found that the apple pathogen defense against B. dothidea was correlated with the H2O2 contents and the relative expression of salicylic acid (SA) synthesis- and SA signaling-related genes, which might be regulated via degradation of MdPUB29 by MdPOB1. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of the MdPOB1 modulation of apple ring rot resistance, which occur by directly regulating potential downstream target protein MdPUB29 for proteasomal degradation in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Liang Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Osuna-Cruz CM, Paytuvi-Gallart A, Di Donato A, Sundesha V, Andolfo G, Aiese Cigliano R, Sanseverino W, Ercolano MR. PRGdb 3.0: a comprehensive platform for prediction and analysis of plant disease resistance genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:D1197-D1201. [PMID: 29156057 PMCID: PMC5753367 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plant Resistance Genes database (PRGdb; http://prgdb.org) has been redesigned with a new user interface, new sections, new tools and new data for genetic improvement, allowing easy access not only to the plant science research community but also to breeders who want to improve plant disease resistance. The home page offers an overview of easy-to-read search boxes that streamline data queries and directly show plant species for which data from candidate or cloned genes have been collected. Bulk data files and curated resistance gene annotations are made available for each plant species hosted. The new Gene Model view offers detailed information on each cloned resistance gene structure to highlight shared attributes with other genes. PRGdb 3.0 offers 153 reference resistance genes and 177 072 annotated candidate Pathogen Receptor Genes (PRGs). Compared to the previous release, the number of putative genes has been increased from 106 to 177 K from 76 sequenced Viridiplantae and algae genomes. The DRAGO 2 tool, which automatically annotates and predicts (PRGs) from DNA and amino acid with high accuracy and sensitivity, has been added. BLAST search has been implemented to offer users the opportunity to annotate and compare their own sequences. The improved section on plant diseases displays useful information linked to genes and genomes to connect complementary data and better address specific needs. Through, a revised and enlarged collection of data, the development of new tools and a renewed portal, PRGdb 3.0 engages the plant science community in developing a consensus plan to improve knowledge and strategies to fight diseases that afflict main crops and other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antimo Di Donato
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Vicky Sundesha
- Sequentia Biotech SL, Calle Comte D'Urgell 240, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria R Ercolano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen A, Gu L, Xu N, Feng F, Chen D, Yang C, Zhang B, Li M, Zhang Z. NB-LRRs Not Responding Consecutively to Fusarium oxysporum Proliferation Caused Replant Disease Formation of Rehmannia glutinosa. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133203. [PMID: 31261891 PMCID: PMC6651281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consecutive monoculture practice facilitates enrichment of rhizosphere pathogenic microorganisms and eventually leads to the emergence of replant disease. However, little is known about the interaction relationship among pathogens enriched in rhizosphere soils, Nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeats (NB-LRR) receptors that specifically recognize pathogens in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and physiological indicators under replant disease stress in Rehmannia glutinosa. In this study, a controlled experiment was performed using different kinds of soils from sites never planted R. glutinosa (NP), replanted R. glutinosa (TP) and mixed by different ration of TP soils (1/3TP and 2/3TP), respectively. As a result, different levels of TP significantly promoted the proliferation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. R.glutinosa (FO). Simultaneously, a comparison between FO numbers and NB-LRR expressions indicated that NB-LRRs were not consecutively responsive to the FO proliferation at transcriptional levels. Further analysis found that NB-LRRs responded to FO invasion with a typical phenomenon of “promotion in low concentration and suppression in high concentration”, and 6 NB-LRRs were identified as candidates for responding R. glutinosa replant disease. Furthermore, four critical hormones of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA) had higher levels in 1/3TP, 2/3TP and TP than those in NP. Additionally, increasing extents of SA contents have significantly negative trends with FO changes, which implied that SA might be inhibited by FO in replanted R. glutinosa. Concomitantly, the physiological indexes reacted alters of cellular process regulated by NB-LRR were affected by complex replant disease stresses and exhibited strong fluctuations, leading to the death of R. glutinosa. These findings provide important insights and clues into further revealing the mechanism of R. glutinosa replant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Na Xu
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fajie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dexin Chen
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chuyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Andolfo G, Iovieno P, Ricciardi L, Lotti C, Filippone E, Pavan S, Ercolano MR. Evolutionary conservation of MLO gene promoter signatures. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:150. [PMID: 30995906 PMCID: PMC6471879 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Powdery mildew (PM) is a widespread fungal disease of plants in temperate climates, causing significant economic losses in agricultural settings. Specific homologs of the MLO gene family are PM susceptibility factors, as their loss-of function results in durable PM resistance (mlo resistance) in several plant species. The role of MLO susceptibility genes in plant-pathogen interactions is still elusive, however it is known that they are strongly upregulated following PM infection. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the structure of 414 Putative Promoter Regions (PPRs) of MLO genes and highlighted motif and regulatory element patterns related to genomic relationships among species and phylogenetic distance among homologs. A TC box-like motif and a thymine-rich motif were found to be overrepresented in MLO genes transcriptionally upregulated upon infection with PM fungi. As proof of concept, we showed that the expression of a melon (Cucumis melo L.) gene enriched for the motifs above mentioned was strongly upregulated upon infection with the PM fungus Podosphaera xanthii. CONCLUSION While identifying a candidate MLO susceptibility gene in melon, this study provides insight on the transcriptional control of MLO genes and indicates diagnostic features useful to identify MLO susceptibility genes across species affected by the PM disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Paolo Iovieno
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Lotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Edgardo Filippone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Stefano Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Ercolano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kumaraswamy R, Kumari S, Choudhary RC, Sharma S, Pal A, Raliya R, Biswas P, Saharan V. Salicylic acid functionalized chitosan nanoparticle: A sustainable biostimulant for plant. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
39
|
Deice Raasch-Fernandes L, Bonaldo SM, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Magela Vieira-Junior G, Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada K, Rocco da Silva C, Gabriela Araújo Verçosa A, Lopes de Oliveira D, Wender Debiasi B. Induction of phytoalexins and proteins related to pathogenesis in plants treated with extracts of cutaneous secretions of southern Amazonian Bufonidae amphibians. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211020. [PMID: 30653617 PMCID: PMC6336429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous secretions produced by amphibians of the family Bufonidae are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can be useful as new chemical templates for agrochemicals. In crop protection, the use of elicitors to induce responses offers the prospect of durable, broad-spectrum disease control using the plant's own resistance. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of methanolic extracts of cutaneous secretions of two species of amphibians of the family Bufonidae found in the Amazon biome-Rhaebo guttatus (species 1) and Rhinella marina (species 2)-in the synthesis of phytoalexins in soybean cotyledons, bean hypocotyls, and sorghum mesocotyls. Additionally, changes in the enzyme activity of β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and in the total protein content of soybean cotyledons were determined. In the soybean cultivar 'TMG 132 RR', our results indicated that the methanolic extract of R. guttatus cutaneous secretions suppressed glyceollin synthesis and β-1,3-glucanase activity and increased POX and PPO activities at higher concentrations and total protein content at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. On the other hand, the methanolic extract of R. marina cutaneous secretions induced glyceollin synthesis in the soybean cultivars 'TMG 132 RR' and 'Monsoy 8372 IPRO' at 0.1-0.2 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extract of R. marina cutaneous secretions also increased the specific activity of POX and PPO in 'Monsoy 8372 IPRO' and 'TMG 132 RR', respectively, and decreased the activity of β-1,3-glucanases in 'Monsoy 8372 IPRO'. At 0.3 mg/mL, it stimulated phaseolin synthesis. The extracts did not express bioactivity in the synthesis of deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghum mesocotyls. The study in soybean suggests that the bioactivity in defense responses is influenced by cultivar genotypes. Therefore, these results provide evidence that extracts of cutaneous secretions of these amphibians species may contribute to the bioactivity of defense metabolites in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Deice Raasch-Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Solange Maria Bonaldo
- Federal University of Mato Grosso and the Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Federal University of Mato Grosso and the Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Rocco da Silva
- Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Araújo Verçosa
- Institute of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Daiane Lopes de Oliveira
- Institute of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Bryan Wender Debiasi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mareya CR, Tugizimana F, Piater LA, Madala NE, Steenkamp PA, Dubery IA. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal Defensome-Related Metabolic Reprogramming in Sorghum bicolor against Infection by Burkholderia andropogonis. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9010008. [PMID: 30609758 PMCID: PMC6359421 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia andropogonis is the causal agent of bacterial leaf stripe, one of the three major bacterial diseases affecting Sorghum bicolor. However, the biochemical aspects of the pathophysiological host responses are not well understood. An untargeted metabolomics approach was designed to understand molecular mechanisms underlying S. bicolor⁻B. andropogonis interactions. At the 4-leaf stage, two sorghum cultivars (NS 5511 and NS 5655) differing in disease tolerance, were infected with B. andropogonis and the metabolic changes monitored over time. The NS 5511 cultivar displayed delayed signs of wilting and lesion progression compared to the NS 5655 cultivar, indicative of enhanced resistance. The metabolomics results identified statistically significant metabolites as biomarkers associated with the sorghum defence. These include the phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and zeatin. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming in an array of chemically diverse metabolites that span a wide range of metabolic pathways was associated with the defence response. Signatory biomarkers included aromatic amino acids, shikimic acid, metabolites from the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, as well as fatty acids. Enhanced synthesis and accumulation of apigenin and derivatives thereof was a prominent feature of the altered metabolomes. The analyses revealed an intricate and dynamic network of the sorghum defence arsenal towards B. andropogonis in establishing an enhanced defensive capacity in support of resistance and disease suppression. The results pave the way for future analysis of the biosynthesis of signatory biomarkers and regulation of relevant metabolic pathways in sorghum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charity R Mareya
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Ntakadzeni E Madala
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Paul A Steenkamp
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Neupane S, Ma Q, Mathew FM, Varenhorst AJ, Andersen EJ, Nepal MP. Evolutionary Divergence of TNL Disease-Resistant Proteins in Soybean (Glycine max) and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Biochem Genet 2018; 56:397-422. [PMID: 29500532 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Disease-resistant genes (R genes) encode proteins that are involved in protecting plants from their pathogens and pests. Availability of complete genome sequences from soybean and common bean allowed us to perform a genome-wide identification and analysis of the Toll interleukin-1 receptor-like nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (TNL) proteins. Hidden Markov model (HMM) profiling of all protein sequences resulted in the identification of 117 and 77 regular TNL genes in soybean and common bean, respectively. We also identified TNL gene homologs with unique domains, and signal peptides as well as nuclear localization signals. The TNL genes in soybean formed 28 clusters located on 10 of the 20 chromosomes, with the majority found on chromosome 3, 6 and 16. Similarly, the TNL genes in common bean formed 14 clusters located on five of the 11 chromosomes, with the majority found on chromosome 10. Phylogenetic analyses of the TNL genes from Arabidopsis, soybean and common bean revealed less divergence within legumes relative to the divergence between legumes and Arabidopsis. Syntenic blocks were found between chromosomes Pv10 and Gm03, Pv07 and Gm10, as well as Pv01 and Gm14. The gene expression data revealed basal level expression and tissue specificity, while analysis of available microRNA data showed 37 predicted microRNA families involved in targeting the identified TNL genes in soybean and common bean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Neupane
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Febina M Mathew
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Adam J Varenhorst
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Ethan J Andersen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Madhav P Nepal
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Neupane S, Andersen EJ, Neupane A, Nepal MP. Genome-Wide Identification of NBS-Encoding Resistance Genes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9080384. [PMID: 30061549 PMCID: PMC6115920 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide Binding Site—Leucine-Rich Repeat (NBS-LRR) genes encode disease resistance proteins involved in plants’ defense against their pathogens. Although sunflower is affected by many diseases, only a few molecular details have been uncovered regarding pathogenesis and resistance mechanisms. Recent availability of sunflower whole genome sequences in publicly accessible databases allowed us to accomplish a genome-wide identification of Toll-interleukin-1 receptor-like Nucleotide-binding site Leucine-rich repeat (TNL), Coiled Coil (CC)-NBS-LRR (CNL), Resistance to powdery mildew8 (RPW8)-NBS-LRR (RNL) and NBS-LRR (NL) protein encoding genes. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profiling of 52,243 putative protein sequences from sunflower resulted in 352 NBS-encoding genes, among which 100 genes belong to CNL group including 64 genes with RX_CC like domain, 77 to TNL, 13 to RNL, and 162 belong to NL group. We also identified signal peptides and nuclear localization signals present in the identified genes and their homologs. We found that NBS genes were located on all chromosomes and formed 75 gene clusters, one-third of which were located on chromosome 13. Phylogenetic analyses between sunflower and Arabidopsis NBS genes revealed a clade-specific nesting pattern in CNLs, with RNLs nested in the CNL-A clade, and species-specific nesting pattern for TNLs. Surprisingly, we found a moderate bootstrap support (BS = 50%) for CNL-A clade being nested within TNL clade making both the CNL and TNL clades paraphyletic. Arabidopsis and sunflower showed 87 syntenic blocks with 1049 high synteny hits between chromosome 5 of Arabidopsis and chromosome 6 of sunflower. Expression data revealed functional divergence of the NBS genes with basal level tissue-specific expression. This study represents the first genome-wide identification of NBS genes in sunflower paving avenues for functional characterization and potential crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Neupane
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Ethan J Andersen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Achal Neupane
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Madhav P Nepal
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ali MA, Anjam MS, Nawaz MA, Lam HM, Chung G. Signal Transduction in Plant⁻Nematode Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061648. [PMID: 29865232 PMCID: PMC6032140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To successfully invade and infect their host plants, plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) need to evolve molecular mechanisms to overcome the defense responses from the plants. Nematode-associated molecular patterns (NAMPs), including ascarosides and certain proteins, while instrumental in enabling the infection, can be perceived by the host plants, which then initiate a signaling cascade leading to the induction of basal defense responses. To combat host resistance, some nematodes can inject effectors into the cells of susceptible hosts to reprogram the basal resistance signaling and also modulate the hosts’ gene expression patterns to facilitate the establishment of nematode feeding sites (NFSs). In this review, we summarized all the known signaling pathways involved in plant–nematode interactions. Specifically, we placed particular focus on the effector proteins from PPNs that mimic the signaling of the defense responses in host plants. Furthermore, we gave an updated overview of the regulation by PPNs of different host defense pathways such as salicylic acid (SA)/jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, and cytokinin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to facilitate their parasitic successes in plants. This review will enhance the understanding of the molecular signaling pathways involved in both compatible and incompatible plant–nematode interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Anjam
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
| | | | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
He SL, Jiang JZ, Chen BH, Kuo CH, Ho SL. Overexpression of a constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1 confers disease resistance by affecting OsPR10a expression in rice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:403. [PMID: 29321675 PMCID: PMC5762881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice pathogenesis-related protein OsPR10a was scarcely expressed in OsCDPK1-silenced (Ri-1) rice, which was highly sensitive to pathogen infection. After inoculating the leaves with bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; Xoo), we found that the expression of OsPR10a was up- and down-regulated in OEtr-1 (overexpression of the constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1) and Ri-1 rice plants, respectively. OsPR10a and OsCDPK1 showed corresponding expression patterns and were up-regulated in response to the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and Xoo treatments, and OsPR1 and OsPR4 were significantly up-regulated in OEtr-1. These results suggest that OsCDPK1 may be an upstream regulator involved in rice innate immunity and conferred broad-spectrum of disease resistance. Following the Xoo inoculation, the OEtr-1 and Ri-1 seedlings showed enhanced and reduced disease resistance, respectively. The dihybrid rice Ri-1/OsPR10a-Ox not only bypassed the effect of OsCDPK1 silencing on the susceptibility to Xoo but also showed enhanced disease resistance and, consistent with Ri-1 phenotypes, increased plant height and grain size. Our results reveal that OsCDPK1 plays novel key roles in the cross-talk and mediation of the balance between stress response and development and provides a clue for improving grain yield and disease resistance simultaneously in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siou-Luan He
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hong Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Lon Ho
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Andolfo G, Di Donato A, Darrudi R, Errico A, Aiese Cigliano R, Ercolano MR. Draft of Zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.) Proteome: A Resource for Genetic and Genomic Studies. Front Genet 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 29209358 PMCID: PMC5702489 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Di Donato
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Reza Darrudi
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Angela Errico
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria R Ercolano
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
GILP family: a stress-responsive group of plant proteins containing a LITAF motif. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 18:55-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
47
|
Zhang J, Chen L, Fu C, Wang L, Liu H, Cheng Y, Li S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Li P, Zheng A. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Gene Expression Changes Triggered by Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA Infection in Resistant and Susceptible Rice Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1422. [PMID: 28861102 PMCID: PMC5562724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating diseases for stable rice production in most rice-growing regions of the world. Currently, studies of the molecular mechanism of rice sheath blight resistance are scarce. Here, we used an RNA-seq approach to analyze the gene expression changes induced by the AG1 IA strain of R. solani in rice at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. By comparing the transcriptomes of TeQing (a moderately resistant cultivar) and Lemont (a susceptible cultivar) leaves, variable transcriptional responses under control and infection conditions were revealed. From these data, 4,802 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses suggested that most DEGs and related metabolic pathways in both rice genotypes were common and spanned most biological activities after AG1 IA inoculation. The main difference between the resistant and susceptible plants was a difference in the timing of the response to AG1 IA infection. Photosynthesis, photorespiration, and jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism play important roles in disease resistance, and the relative response of disease resistance-related pathways in TeQing leaves was more rapid than that of Lemont leaves at 12 h. Here, the transcription data include the most comprehensive list of genes and pathway candidates induced by AG1 IA that is available for rice and will serve as a resource for future studies into the molecular mechanisms of the responses of rice to AG1 IA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yuanzhi Cheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang W, Zhang H, Liu K, Jian G, Qi F, Si N. Large-scale identification of Gossypium hirsutum genes associated with Verticillium dahliae by comparative transcriptomic and reverse genetics analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181609. [PMID: 28767675 PMCID: PMC5540499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a devastating disease of cotton, which is caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). Although previous studies have identified some genes or biological processes involved in the interaction between cotton and V. dahliae, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear, especially in G. hirsutum. In the present study, we obtained an overview of transcriptome characteristics of resistant upland cotton (G. hirsutum) after V. dahliae infection at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) via a high-throughput RNA-sequencing technique. A total of 4,794 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 820 up-regulated genes and 3,974 down-regulated genes. The enrichment analysis showed that several important processes were induced upon V. dahliae infection, such as plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid-related and ubiquitin-mediated signals. Moreover, we investigated some key regulatory gene families involved in the defense response, such as receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs), WRKY transcription factors and cytochrome P450 (CYPs), via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). GhSKIP35, a partner of SKP1 protein, was involved in ubiquitin-mediated signal. Over-expression of GhSKIP35 in Arabidopsis improved its tolerance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic plants. Collectively, global transcriptome analysis and functional gene characterization provided significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of G. hirsutum-V. dahliae interaction and offered a number of candidate genes as potential sources for breeding wilt-tolerance in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huachong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guiliang Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fangjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Si
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gupta S, Bhar A, Chatterjee M, Ghosh A, Das S. Transcriptomic dissection reveals wide spread differential expression in chickpea during early time points of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 attack. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178164. [PMID: 28542579 PMCID: PMC5460890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants' reaction to underground microorganisms is complex as sessile nature of plants compels them to prioritize their responses to diverse microorganisms both pathogenic and symbiotic. Roots of important crops are directly exposed to diverse microorganisms, but investigations involving root pathogens are significantly less. Thus, more studies involving root pathogens and their target crops are necessitated to enrich the understanding of underground interactions. Present study reported the molecular complexities in chickpea during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri Race 1 (Foc1) infection. Transcriptomic dissections using RNA-seq showed significantly differential expression of molecular transcripts between infected and control plants of both susceptible and resistant genotypes. Radar plot analyses showed maximum expressional undulations after infection in both susceptible and resistant plants. Gene ontology and functional clustering showed large number of transcripts controlling basic metabolism of plants. Network analyses demonstrated defense components like peptidyl cis/trans isomerase, MAP kinase, beta 1,3 glucanase, serine threonine kinase, patatin like protein, lactolylglutathione lyase, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, sulfotransferases; reactive oxygen species regulating components like respiratory burst oxidase, superoxide dismutases, cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ATPase; metabolism regulating components, myo inositol phosphate, carboxylate synthase; transport related gamma tonoplast intrinsic protein, and structural component, ubiquitins to serve as important nodals of defense signaling network. These nodal molecules probably served as hub controllers of defense signaling. Functional characterization of these hub molecules would not only help in developing better understanding of chickpea-Foc1 interaction but also place them as promising candidates for resistance management programs against vascular wilt of legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanti Gupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Bhar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Moniya Chatterjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amartya Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, CIT Scheme, VII-M, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Diniz I, Figueiredo A, Loureiro A, Batista D, Azinheira H, Várzea V, Pereira AP, Gichuru E, Moncada P, Guerra-Guimarães L, Oliveira H, Silva MDC. A first insight into the involvement of phytohormones pathways in coffee resistance and susceptibility to Colletotrichum kahawae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178159. [PMID: 28542545 PMCID: PMC5438148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying coffee-pathogen interactions are of key importance to aid disease resistance breeding efforts. In this work the expression of genes involved in salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) pathways were studied in hypocotyls of two coffee varieties challenged with the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum kahawae, the causal agent of Coffee Berry Disease. Based on a cytological analysis, key time-points of the infection process were selected and qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of phytohormones biosynthesis, reception and responsive-related genes. The resistance to C. kahawae was characterized by restricted fungal growth associated with early accumulation of phenolic compounds in the cell walls and cytoplasmic contents, and deployment of hypersensitive reaction. Similar responses were detected in the susceptible variety, but in a significantly lower percentage of infection sites and with no apparent effect on disease development. Gene expression analysis suggests a more relevant involvement of JA and ET phytohormones than SA in this pathosystem. An earlier and stronger activation of the JA pathway observed in the resistant variety, when compared with the susceptible one, seems to be responsible for the successful activation of defense responses and inhibition of fungal growth. For the ET pathway, the down or non-regulation of ET receptors in the resistant variety, together with a moderate expression of the responsive-related gene ERF1, indicates that this phytohormone may be related with other functions besides the resistance response. However, in the susceptible variety, the stronger activation of ERF1 gene at the beginning of the necrotrophic phase, suggests the involvement of ET in tissue senescence. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to unveil the role of phytohormones in coffee-C. kahawae interactions, thus contributing to deepen our understanding on the complex mechanisms of plant signaling and defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Diniz
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Loureiro
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Azinheira
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vítor Várzea
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pereira
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elijah Gichuru
- Coffee Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Ruiru, Kenya
| | - Pilar Moncada
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café (Cenicafé), Manizales, Colombia
| | - Leonor Guerra-Guimarães
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro (CIFC), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agricultural and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|