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Hajdu C, Molnár BP, Waterman JM, Machado RAR, Radványi D, Fónagy A, Khan SA, Vassor T, Biet B, Erb M, Kárpáti Z, Robert CAM. Volatile-mediated oviposition preference for healthy over root-infested plants by the European corn borer. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2228-2239. [PMID: 38483021 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
The selection of oviposition sites by female moths is crucial in shaping their progeny performance and survival, and consequently in determining insect fitness. Selecting suitable plants that promote the performance of the progeny is referred to as the Preference-Performance hypothesis (or 'mother-knows-best'). While root infestation generally reduces the performance of leaf herbivores, little is known about its impact on female oviposition. We investigated whether maize root infestation by the Western corn rootworm (WCR) affects the oviposition preference and larval performance of the European corn borer (ECB). ECB females used leaf volatiles to select healthy plants over WCR-infested plants. Undecane, a compound absent from the volatile bouquet of healthy plants, was the sole compound to be upregulated upon root infestation and acted as a repellent for first oviposition. ECB larvae yet performed better on plants infested below-ground than on healthy plants, suggesting an example of 'bad motherhood'. The increased ECB performance on WCR-infested plants was mirrored by an increased leaf consumption, and no changes in the plant primary or secondary metabolism were detected. Understanding plant-mediated interactions between above- and below-ground herbivores may help to predict oviposition decisions, and ultimately, to manage pest outbreaks in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csengele Hajdu
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Péter Molnár
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jamie M Waterman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Alberto Ruiz Machado
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dalma Radványi
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Hospitality, Faculty of Commerce, Hospitality and Tourism, Budapest Business University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrien Fónagy
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Thibault Vassor
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Biet
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Kárpáti
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Sharma S, Raviteja DH, Kumar T, Bindraban PS, Pandey R. Nutrient remobilization and C:N:P stoichiometry in response to elevated CO 2 and low phosphorus availability in rice cultivars introgressed with and without Pup1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108657. [PMID: 38670030 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The continuously rising atmospheric CO2 concentration potentially increase plant growth through stimulating C metabolism; however, plant C:N:P stoichiometry in response to elevated CO2 (eCO2) under low P stress remains largely unknown. We investigated the combined effect of eCO2 and low phosphorus on growth, yield, C:N:P stoichiometry, and remobilization in rice cv. Kasalath (aus type), IR64 (a mega rice variety), and IR64-Pup1 (Pup1 QTL introgressed IR64). In response to eCO2 and low P, the C accumulation increased significantly (particularly at anthesis stage) while N and P concentration decreased leading to higher C:N and C:P ratios in all plant components (leaf, sheath, stem, and grain) than ambient CO2. The remobilization efficiencies of N and P were also reduced under low P with eCO2 as compared to control conditions. Among cultivars, the combined effect of eCO2 and low P was greater in IR64-Pup1 and produced higher biomass and grain yield as compared to IR64. However, IR64-Pup1 exhibited a lower N but higher P concentration than IR64, indicating that the Pup1 QTL improved P uptake but did not influence N uptake. Our study suggests that the P availability along with eCO2 would alter the C:N:P ratios due to their differential partitioning, thereby affecting growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - D H Raviteja
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Prem S Bindraban
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL, 35662, USA
| | - Renu Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Du C, Wang X, Zhang M, Jing J, Gao Y. Effects of elevated CO 2 on plant C-N-P stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:697-708. [PMID: 30212700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A substantial number of experiments have so far been carried out to study the response of the C-N-P stoichiometry of terrestrial plants to the rising CO2 level of the earth. However, there is a need of systematic evaluation for assessing the impact of the elevated CO2 on plant C-N-P stoichiometry. In the present investigation, a comprehensive meta-analysis involving 386 published reports and including 4481 observations has been carried out. The goal of the research was to determine the response of plants to their C-N-P stoichiometry due to elevated levels of global atmospheric CO2. The results showed that rising CO2 altered the concentration of C (+2.19%, P < 0.05), N (-9.73%, P < 0.001) and P (-3.23%, P < 0.001) and C:N (+13.29%, P < 0.001) and N:P ratios (-7.32%, P < 0.0001). Overall, a slightly increasing trend in the C:P ratio (P > 0.05) in the plant was observed. However, plant leaf, shoot and herbaceous type of plants showed more sensitivity to rising CO2. CO2 magnitude exhibited a positive effect (P < 0.05) on C:N ratio. Additionally, "CO2 acclimation" hypothesis as proposed by the authors of the current paper was also tested in the study. Results obtained, especially, show changes of C and N concentrations and C:P ratio to an obvious down-regulation for long-term CO2 fumigation. At spatial scales, a reduction of plant N concentration was found to be higher in the southern hemisphere. The CO2 enrichment methods affected the plant C-N-P stoichiometry. Compared to FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment), OTC (open top chamber) showed larger changes of C, N, P, and N:P. The results of the present study should, therefore, become helpful to offer a better understanding towards the response of the terrestrial plant C-N-P stoichiometry to an elevated global atmospheric CO2 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Du
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Jing
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongheng Gao
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Guyer A, Hibbard BE, Holzkämper A, Erb M, Robert CAM. Influence of drought on plant performance through changes in belowground tritrophic interactions. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6756-6765. [PMID: 30038772 PMCID: PMC6053580 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase the risk of drought in many temperate agroecosystems. While the impact of drought on aboveground plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions has been studied, little is known about its effects on belowground tritrophic interactions and root defense chemistry. We investigated the effects of low soil moisture on the interaction between maize, the western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera), and soil-borne natural enemies of WCR. In a manipulative field experiment, reduced soil moisture and WCR attack reduced plant performance and increased benzoxazinoid levels. The negative effects of WCR on cob dry weight and silk emergence were strongest at low moisture levels. Inoculation with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) was ineffective in controlling WCR, and the EPNs died rapidly in the warm and dry soil. However, ants of the species Solenopsis molesta invaded the experiment, were more abundant in WCR-infested pots and predated WCR independently of soil moisture. Ant presence increased root and shoot biomass and was associated with attenuated moisture-dependent effects of WCR on maize cob weight. Our study suggests that apart from directly reducing plant performance, drought can also increase the negative effects of root herbivores such as WCR. It furthermore identifies S. molesta as a natural enemy of WCR that can protect maize plants from the negative impact of herbivory under drought stress. Robust herbivore natural enemies may play an important role in buffering the impact of climate change on plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Guyer
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Bruce E. Hibbard
- Plant Genetics Research UnitUSDA‐ARSUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
| | - Annelie Holzkämper
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISSAgroscopeZürichSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Christelle A. M. Robert
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
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Hoysted GA, Bell CA, Lilley CJ, Urwin PE. Aphid Colonization Affects Potato Root Exudate Composition and the Hatching of a Soil Borne Pathogen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1278. [PMID: 30237805 PMCID: PMC6136236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants suffer multiple, simultaneous biotic threats from both above and below ground. These pests and/or pathogens are commonly studied on an individual basis and the effects of above-ground pests on below-ground pathogens are poorly defined. Root exudates from potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) were analyzed to characterize the top-down plant-mediated interactions between a phloem-sucking herbivore (Myzus persicae) and a sedentary, endoparasitic nematode (Globodera pallida). Increasing inocula of the aphid, M. persicae, reduced the root mass of potato plants. Exudates collected from these roots induced significantly lower hatching of second-stage juveniles from G. pallida eggs over a 28-day period, than those from uninfested control plants. Inhibition of hatch was significantly positively correlated with size of aphid inoculum. Diminished hatching was partially recovered after treatment with root exudate from uninfested potato plants indicating that the effect on hatching is reversible but cannot be fully recovered. Glucose and fructose content was reduced in root exudates from aphid-infested potato plants compared to controls and these sugars were found to induce hatching of G. pallida, but not to the same degree as potato root exudates (PRE). Supplementing aphid-infested PRE with sugars did not recover the hatching potential of the treatment, suggesting that additional compounds play an important role in egg hatch. The first gene upregulated in the closely related potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis post-exposure to host root exudate, Neprilysin-1, was confirmed to be upregulated in G. pallida cysts after exposure to PRE and was also upregulated by the sugar treatments. Significantly reduced upregulation of Gpa-nep-1 was observed in cysts treated with root exudates from potato plants infested with greater numbers of aphids. Our data suggest that aphid infestation of potato plants affects the composition of root exudates, with consequential effects on the hatching and gene expression of G. pallida eggs. This work shows that an above-ground pest can indirectly impact the rhizosphere and reveals secondary effects for control of an economically important below-ground pathogen.
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Frew A, Allsopp PG, Gherlenda AN, Johnson SN. Increased root herbivory under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is reversed by silicon-based plant defences. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Frew
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Richmond NSW Australia
| | - Peter G. Allsopp
- Sugar Research Australia Limited; 50 Meiers Road Indooroopilly QLD Australia
| | - Andrew N. Gherlenda
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Richmond NSW Australia
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Western Sydney University; Richmond NSW Australia
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