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Lu D, Liu B, Ren M, Wu C, Ma J, Shen Y. Light Deficiency Inhibits Growth by Affecting Photosynthesis Efficiency as well as JA and Ethylene Signaling in Endangered Plant Magnolia sinostellata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2261. [PMID: 34834626 PMCID: PMC8618083 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The endangered plant Magnolia sinostellata largely grows in the understory of forest and suffers light deficiency stress. It is generally recognized that the interaction between plant development and growth environment is intricate; however, the underlying molecular regulatory pathways by which light deficiency induced growth inhibition remain obscure. To understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant response to shading caused light deficiency, we performed photosynthesis efficiency analysis and comparative transcriptome analysis in M. sinostellata leaves, which were subjected to shading treatments of different durations. Most of the parameters relevant to the photosynthesis systems were altered as the result of light deficiency treatment, which was also confirmed by the transcriptome analysis. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses illustrated that most of differential expression genes (DEGs) were enriched in photosynthesis-related pathways. Light deficiency may have accelerated leaf abscission by impacting the photosynthesis efficiency and hormone signaling. Further, shading could repress the expression of stress responsive transcription factors and R-genes, which confer disease resistance. This study provides valuable insight into light deficiency-induced molecular regulatory pathways in M. sinostellata and offers a theoretical basis for conservation and cultivation improvements of Magnolia and other endangered woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (D.L.); (M.R.); (C.W.)
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Plant Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Mingjie Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (D.L.); (M.R.); (C.W.)
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (D.L.); (M.R.); (C.W.)
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (D.L.); (M.R.); (C.W.)
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yamei Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (D.L.); (M.R.); (C.W.)
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Yang YJ, Tan SL, Sun H, Huang JL, Huang W, Zhang SB. Photosystem I is tolerant to fluctuating light under moderate heat stress in two orchids Dendrobium officinale and Bletilla striata. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110795. [PMID: 33487367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under natural field conditions, plants usually experience fluctuating light (FL) under moderate heat stress in summer. However, responses of photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) to such combined stresses are not well known. Furthermore, the role of water-water cycle (WWC) in photoprotection in FL under moderate heat stress is poorly understood. In this study, we examined chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state in FL at 42 °C in two orchids, Dendrobium officinale (with high WWC activity) and Bletilla striata (with low WWC activity). After FL treatment at 42 °C, PSI activity maintained stable while PSII activity decreased significantly in these two orchids. In D. officinale, the WWC could rapidly consume the excess excitation energy in PSI and thus avoided an over-reduction of PSI upon any increase in illumination. Therefore, in D. officinale, WWC likely protected PSI in FL at 42 °C. In B. striata, heat-induced PSII photoinhibition down-regulated electron flow from PSII and thus prevented an over-reduction of PSI after transition from low to high light. Consequently, in B. striata moderate PSII photoinhibition could protected PSI in FL at 42 °C. We conclude that, in addition to cyclic electron flow, WWC and PSII photoinhibition-repair cycle are two important strategies for preventing PSI photoinhibition in FL under moderate heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shun-Ling Tan
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Lin Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Huang W, Tikkanen M, Cai YF, Wang JH, Zhang SB. Chloroplastic ATP synthase optimizes the trade-off between photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and photoprotection during leaf maturation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1067-1074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Moustaka J, Ouzounidou G, Sperdouli I, Moustakas M. Photosystem II Is More Sensitive than Photosystem I to Al 3+ Induced Phytotoxicity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1772. [PMID: 30235794 PMCID: PMC6165523 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) the most abundant metal in the earth's crust is toxic in acid soils (pH < 5.5) mainly in the ionic form of Al3+ species. The ability of crops to overcome Al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. Here, we report for a first time the simultaneous responses of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) to Al3+ phytotoxicity. The responses of PSII and PSI in the durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. cv. 'Appulo E') and the triticale (X Triticosecale Witmark cv. 'Dada') were evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence quenching analysis and reflection spectroscopy respectively, under control (-Al, pH 6.5) and 148 μM Al (+Al, pH 4.5) conditions. During control growth conditions the high activity of PSII in 'Appulo E' led to a rather higher electron flow to PSI, which induced a higher PSI excitation pressure in 'Appulo E' than in 'Dada' that presented a lower PSII activity. However, under 148 μM Al the triticale 'Dada' presented a lower PSII and PSI excitation pressure than 'Appulo E'. In conclusion, both photosystems of 'Dada' displayed a superior performance than 'Appulo E' under Al exposure, while in both cultivars PSII was more affected than PSI from Al3+ phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Georgia Ouzounidou
- Institute of Food Technology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 1 S. Venizelou Str., GR-14123 Lycovrissi, Greece.
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation⁻Demeter, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Huang W, Cai YF, Wang JH, Zhang SB. Chloroplastic ATP synthase plays an important role in the regulation of proton motive force in fluctuating light. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:40-47. [PMID: 29698911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The proton motive force (pmf) across the thylakoid membranes plays a key role for photosynthesis in fluctuating light. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of pmf in fluctuating light are not well known. In this study, we aimed to identify the roles of chloroplastic ATP synthase and cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) in the regulation of the pmf in fluctuating light. To do this, we measured chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 parameters, and the electrochromic shift signal in the fluctuating light alternating between 918 (high light) and 89 (low light) μmol photons m-2 s-1 every 5 min. We found that the activity of chloroplastic ATP synthase (gH+), pmf, CEF activity, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and the P700 redox state changed rapidly in fluctuating light. During transition from low to high light, the decreased gH+ and the stimulation of CEF both contributed to the rapid formation of pmf, activating NPQ and optimizing the redox state of P700 in PSI. During the low-light phases, gH+ rapidly increased and the pmf declined sharply, leading to the relaxation of NPQ and down-regulation of photosynthetic control. These findings indicate that in fluctuating light the gH+ and CEF are finely regulated to modulate the pmf formation, avoiding the over-accumulation of reactive intermediates and maximizing energy use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yan-Fei Cai
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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Huang W, Zhang SB, Liu T. Moderate Photoinhibition of Photosystem II Significantly Affects Linear Electron Flow in the Shade-Demanding Plant Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:637. [PMID: 29868090 PMCID: PMC5962726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) frequently occurs under natural growing conditions, knowledge about the effect of moderate photoinhibition on linear electron flow (LEF) remains controversial. Furthermore, mechanisms underlying the decrease in LEF upon PSII photoinhibition are not well clarified. We examined how selective PSII photoinhibition influenced LEF in the attached leaves of shade-demanding plant Panax notoginseng. After leaves were exposed to a high level of light (2258 μmol photons m-2 s-1) for 30 and 60 min, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) decreased by 17 and 23%, respectively, whereas the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 (Pm) remained stable. Therefore, this species displayed selective PSII photodamage under strong illumination. After these treatments, LEF was significantly decreased under all light levels but acidification of the thylakoid lumen changed only slightly. Furthermore, the decrease in LEF under low light was positively correlated with the extent of PSII photoinhibition. Thus, the decline in LEF was not caused by the enhancement of lumenal acidification, but was induced by a decrease in PSII activity. These results indicate that residual PSII activity is an important determinant of LEF in this shade-adapted species, and they provide new insight into how strong illumination affects the growth of shade-demanding plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang SB, Liu T. Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I Promotes ATP Synthesis Possibly Helping the Rapid Repair of Photodamaged Photosystem II at Low Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29535751 PMCID: PMC5834426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, moderate photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) leads to a stimulation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) at low light, which is accompanied by an increase in the P700 oxidation ratio. However, the specific role of CEF stimulation at low light is not well known. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying this increase in P700 oxidation ratio at low light is unclear. To address these questions, intact leaves of the shade-adapted plant Panax notoginseng were treated at 2258 μmol photons m-2 s-1 for 30 min to induce PSII photoinhibition. Before and after this high-light treatment, PSI and PSII activity, the energy quenching in PSII, the redox state of PSI and proton motive force (pmf) at a low light of 54 μmol photons m-2 s-1 were determined at the steady state. After high-light treatment, electron flow through PSII (ETRII) significantly decreased but CEF was remarkably stimulated. The P700 oxidation ratio significantly increased but non-photochemical quenching changed negligibly. Concomitantly, the total pmf decreased significantly and the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membrane remained stable. Furthermore, the P700 oxidation ratio was negatively correlated with the value of ETRII. These results suggest that upon PSII photoinhibition, CEF is stimulated to increase the ATP synthesis, facilitating the rapid repair of photodamaged PSII. The increase in P700 oxidation ratio at low light cannot be explained by the change in pmf, but is primarily controlled by electron transfer from PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang JL, Hu H, Zhang SB. Superoxide generated in the chloroplast stroma causes photoinhibition of photosystem I in the shade-establishing tree species Psychotria henryi. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 132:293-303. [PMID: 28432538 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that high light induced significant photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in the shade-establishing tree species Psychotria henryi. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified. In the present study, in order to investigate the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in P. henryi, we treated detached leaves with constant high light in the presence of methyl viologen (MV) or a soluble α-tocopherol analog, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMC). We found that MV significantly depressed photochemical quantum yields in PSI and PSII when compared to PMC. On condition that no PSI photoinhibition happened, although cyclic electron flow (CEF) was abolished in the MV-treated samples, P700 oxidation ratio was maintain at higher levels than the PMC-treated samples. In the presence of PMC, PSI photoinhibition little changed but PSII photoinhibition was significantly alleviated. Importantly, PSI photoinhibition was largely accelerated in the presence of MV, which stimulates the production of superoxide and subsequently other reactive oxygen species at the chloroplast stroma by accepting electrons from PSI. Furthermore, MV largely aggravated PSII photoinhibition when compared to control. These results suggest that high P700 oxidation ratio cannot prevent PSI photoinhibition in P. henryi. Furthermore, the superoxide produced in the chloroplast stroma is critical for PSI photoinhibition in the higher plant P. henryi, which is opposite to the mechanism underlying PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and spinach. These findings highlight a new mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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The water-water cycle is a major electron sink in Camellia species when CO 2 assimilation is restricted. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:59-66. [PMID: 28171808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The water-water cycle (WWC) is thought to dissipate excess excitation energy and balance the ATP/NADPH energy budget under some conditions. However, the importance of the WWC in photosynthetic regulation remains controversy. We observed that three Camellia cultivars exhibited high rates of photosynthetic electron flow under high light when photosynthesis was restricted. We thus tested the hypothesis that the WWC is a major electron sink in the three Camellia cultivars when CO2 assimilation is restricted. Light response curves indicated that the WWC was strongly increased with photorespiration and was positively correlated with extra ATP supplied from other flexible mechanisms excluding linear electron flow, implying that the WWC is an important alternative electron sink to balance ATP/NADPH energy demand for sustaining photorespiration in Camellia cultivars. Interestingly, when photosynthesis was depressed by the decreases in stomatal and mesophyll conductance, the rates of photosynthetic electron flow through photosystem II declined slightly and the rates of WWC was enhanced. Furthermore, the increased electron flow of WWC was positively correlated with the ratio of Rubisco oxygenation to carboxylation, supporting the involvement of alternative electron flow in balancing the ATP/NADPH energy budget. We propose that the WWC is a crucial electron sink to regulate ATP/NADPH energy budget and dissipate excess energy excitation in Camellia species when CO2 assimilation is restricted.
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