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Jiang Y, Jin Y, Shan Y, Zhong Q, Wang H, Shen C, Feng S. Advances in Physalis molecular research: applications in authentication, genetic diversity, phylogenetics, functional genes, and omics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1407625. [PMID: 38993935 PMCID: PMC11236614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1407625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The plants of the genus Physalis L. have been extensively utilized in traditional and indigenous Chinese medicinal practices for treating a variety of ailments, including dermatitis, malaria, asthma, hepatitis, and liver disorders. The present review aims to achieve a comprehensive and up-to-date investigation of the genus Physalis, a new model crop, to understand plant diversity and fruit development. Several chloroplast DNA-, nuclear ribosomal DNA-, and genomic DNA-based markers, such as psbA-trnH, internal-transcribed spacer (ITS), simple sequence repeat (SSR), random amplified microsatellites (RAMS), sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), were developed for molecular identification, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic studies of Physalis species. A large number of functional genes involved in inflated calyx syndrome development (AP2-L, MPF2, MPF3, and MAGO), organ growth (AG1, AG2, POS1, and CNR1), and active ingredient metabolism (24ISO, DHCRT, P450-CPL, SR, DUF538, TAS14, and 3β-HSB) were identified contributing to the breeding of novel Physalis varieties. Various omic studies revealed and functionally identified a series of reproductive organ development-related factors, environmental stress-responsive genes, and active component biosynthesis-related enzymes. The chromosome-level genomes of Physalis floridana Rydb., Physalis grisea (Waterf.) M. Martínez, and Physalis pruinosa L. have been recently published providing a valuable resource for genome editing in Physalis crops. Our review summarizes the recent progress in genetic diversity, molecular identification, phylogenetics, functional genes, and the application of omics in the genus Physalis and accelerates efficient utilization of this traditional herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Jin
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Shan
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanzhou Zhong
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangguo Feng
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Yousaf MA, Anwer SA, Basheera S, Sivanandan S. Computational investigation of Moringa oleifera phytochemicals targeting EGFR: molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1901-1923. [PMID: 37154824 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2206288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prominent target for anticancer therapy due to its role in activating several cell signaling cascades. Clinically approved EGFR inhibitors are reported to show treatment resistance and toxicity, this study, therefore, investigates Moringa oleifera phytochemicals to find potent and safe anti-EGFR compounds. For that, phytochemicals were screened based on drug-likeness and molecular docking analysis followed by molecular dynamics simulation, density functional theory analysis and ADMET analysis to identify the effective inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) domain. Known EGFR-TK inhibitors (1-4 generations) were used as control. Among 146 phytochemicals, 136 compounds showed drug-likeness, of which Delta 7-Avenasterol was the most potential EGFR-TK inhibitor with a binding energy of -9.2 kcal/mol followed by 24-Methylenecholesterol (-9.1 kcal/mol), Campesterol (-9.0 kcal/mol) and Ellagic acid (-9.0 kcal/mol). In comparison, the highest binding affinity from control drugs was displayed by Rociletinib (-9.0 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation (100 ns) exhibited the structural stability of native EGFR-TK and protein-inhibitor complexes. Further, MM/PBSA computed the binding free energies of protein complex with Delta 7-Avenasterol, 24-Methylenecholesterol, Campesterol and Ellagic acid as -154.559 ± 18.591 kJ/mol, -139.176 ± 19.236 kJ/mol, -136.212 ± 17.598 kJ/mol and -139.513 ± 23.832 kJ/mol, respectively. Non-polar interactions were the major contributors to these energies. The density functional theory analysis also established the stability of these inhibitor compounds. ADMET analysis depicted acceptable outcomes for all top phytochemicals without displaying any toxicity. In conclusion, this report has identified promising EGFR-TK inhibitors to treat several cancers that can be further investigated through laboratory and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum Anwer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shefin Basheera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Saraswathy Thangavelu Extension Centre, A Research Centre of University of Kerala, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreekumar Sivanandan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Saraswathy Thangavelu Extension Centre, A Research Centre of University of Kerala, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Qu L, Gan C, Cheng X, Lin C, Wang Y, Wang L, Huang J, Wang J. Discovery of physalin biosynthesis and structure modification of physalins in Physalis alkekengi L. var. Franchetii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:956083. [PMID: 36299788 PMCID: PMC9589361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physalins, active ingredients from the Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (P. alkekengi) plant, have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Whereas the bioactivity of physalins have been confirmed, their biosynthetic pathways, and those of quite a few derivatives, remain unknown. In this paper, biosynthesis and structure modification-related genes of physalins were mined through transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling. Firstly, we rapidly and conveniently analyzed physalins by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS utilizing mass accuracy, diagnostic fragment ions, and common neutral losses. In all, 58 different physalin metabolites were isolated from P. alkekengi calyxes and berries. In an analysis of the physalin biosynthesis pathway, we determined that withanolides and withaphysalins may represent a crucial intermediate between lanosterol and physalins. and those steps were decanted according to previous reports. Our results provide valuable information on the physalin metabolites and the candidate enzymes involved in the physalins biosynthesis pathways of P. alkekengi. In addition, we further analyzed differential metabolites collected from calyxes in the Jilin (Daodi of P. alkekengi) and others. Among them, 20 physalin metabolites may represent herb quality biomarkers for Daodi P. alkekengi, providing an essential role in directing the quality control index of P. alkekengi.
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Abstract
Covering: March 2010 to December 2020. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 705This review summarizes the latest progress and perspectives on the structural classification, biological activities and mechanisms, metabolism and pharmacokinetic investigations, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and structural modifications, as well as future research directions of the promising natural withanolides. The literature from March 2010 to December 2020 is reviewed, and 287 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yang Xia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Lu J, Luo M, Wang L, Li K, Yu Y, Yang W, Gong P, Gao H, Li Q, Zhao J, Wu L, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Kang J, Yu T, Li Z, Jiao Y, Wang H, He C. The Physalis floridana genome provides insights into the biochemical and morphological evolution of Physalis fruits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:244. [PMID: 34795210 PMCID: PMC8602270 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Physalis (Solanaceae) have a unique structure, a lantern-like fruiting calyx known as inflated calyx syndrome (ICS) or the Chinese lantern, and are rich in steroid-related compounds. However, the genetic variations underlying the origin of these characteristic traits and diversity in Physalis remain largely unknown. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly of Physalis floridana (~1.40 Gb in size) with a contig N50 of ~4.87 Mb. Through evolutionary genomics and experimental approaches, we found that the loss of the SEP-like MADS-box gene MBP21 subclade is likely a key mutation that, together with the previously revealed mutation affecting floral MPF2 expression, might have contributed to the origination of ICS in Physaleae, suggesting that the origination of a morphological novelty may have resulted from an evolutionary scenario in which one mutation compensated for another deleterious mutation. Moreover, the significant expansion of squalene epoxidase genes is potentially associated with the natural variation of steroid-related compounds in Physalis fruits. The results reveal the importance of gene gains (duplication) and/or subsequent losses as genetic bases of the evolution of distinct fruit traits, and the data serve as a valuable resource for the evolutionary genetics and breeding of solanaceous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Yu
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co, Ltd, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Weifei Yang
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co, Ltd, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Pichang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co, Ltd, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Kang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongyuan Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co, Ltd, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Huizhong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, 100093, Xiangshan, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Yang J, Li C, Zhang Y. Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24-Methylene-Cholesterol Production. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1710. [PMID: 34827708 PMCID: PMC8615579 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
24-Methylene-cholesterol is a necessary substrate for the biosynthesis of physalin and withanolide, which show promising anticancer activities. It is difficult and costly to prepare 24-methylene-cholesterol via total chemical synthesis. In this study, we engineered the biosynthesis of 24-methylene-cholesterol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by disrupting the two enzymes (i.e., ERG4 and ERG5) in the yeast's native ergosterol pathway, with ERG5 being replaced with the DHCR7 (7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) enzyme. Three versions of DHCR7 originating from different organisms-including the DHCR7 from Physalis angulata (PhDHCR7) newly discovered in this study, as well as the previously reported OsDHCR7 from Oryza sativa and XlDHCR7 from Xenopus laevis-were assessed for their ability to produce 24-methylene-cholesterol. XlDHCR7 showed the best performance, producing 178 mg/L of 24-methylene-cholesterol via flask-shake cultivation. The yield could be increased up to 225 mg/L, when one additional copy of the XlDHCR7 expression cassette was integrated into the yeast genome. The 24-methylene-cholesterol-producing strain obtained in this study could serve as a platform for characterizing the downstream enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of physalin or withanolide, given that 24-methylene-cholesterol is a common precursor of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Changfu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
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Ethnotherapeutic Uses and Phytochemical Composition of Physalis peruviana L.: An Overview. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:5212348. [PMID: 34671227 PMCID: PMC8523295 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5212348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-derived medicines are widespread and continue to increase in traditional and modern medicine, especially in developing countries. Physalis peruviana L. is among the most used plants in conventional medication worldwide. This review aimed to highlight the ethnotherapeutic uses and phytochemical status of identified compounds in P. peruviana. Methods Data were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, SciFinder, Science Direct, Scopus, the Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and any other helpful search engine using Physalis peruviana as the primary keyword. Results Some countries, worldwide, use P. peruviana in their traditional medicine system to manage diverse ailments, mainly diseases and gastrointestinal tract disorders (25.33%). Leaf was the mostly used part (49.28%), prepared by decoction (31.58%) and overall administrated orally (53.57%) as the main route of admission. Around 502 phytoconstituents were identified in different plant parts, especially fruit (38.19%) ethanol/ethyl acetate extract. In most cases (36.17%), the solvent of the extract was not specified. Several phytochemical classes were found in the plant, especially terpenes (26.09%) and phenolic compounds (14.94%). Esters were also abundant (11.55%). In the terpenes category, carotenoids were the most abundant (11.15% followed by monoterpenes (8.76%) and diterpenes (3.18%). However, flavonoids (5.17%) followed by cinnamic acid derivatives (3.99%), monophenolic compounds (1.79%), and phenolic acids (1.33 M) are the most reported phenolic compounds. Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) was the most cited (five times). Conclusion P. peruviana plays an essential role in managing diseases in some countries and is rich in chemical compounds, which need to be isolated and investigated pharmacologically before clinical trials.
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Serra Serra N, Shanmuganathan R, Becker C. Allelopathy in rice: a story of momilactones, kin recognition, and weed management. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4022-4037. [PMID: 33647935 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the struggle to secure nutrient access and to outperform competitors, some plant species have evolved a biochemical arsenal with which they inhibit the growth or development of neighbouring plants. This process, known as allelopathy, exists in many of today's major crops, including rice. Rice synthesizes momilactones, diterpenoids that are released into the rhizosphere and inhibit the growth of numerous plant species. While the allelopathic potential of rice was recognized decades ago, many questions remain unresolved regarding the biosynthesis, exudation, and biological activity of momilactones. Here, we review current knowledge on momilactones, their role in allelopathy, and their potential to serve as a basis for sustainable weed management. We emphasize the gaps in our current understanding of when and how momilactones are produced and of how they act in plant cells, and outline what we consider the next steps in momilactone and rice allelopathy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Serra Serra
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reshi Shanmuganathan
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Genetics, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Claude Becker
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Genetics, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and Metabolite Profiles of Cape Gooseberry ( Physalis peruviana L.) along Three Growth Stages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092756. [PMID: 34067096 PMCID: PMC8125371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colombia is the main producer of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a plant known for its various consumption practices and medicinal properties. This plant is generally grown in eroded soils and is considered moderately tolerant to unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient-poor soils or high salt concentrations. Most studies conducted on this plant focus on fruit production and composition because it is the target product, but a small number of studies have been conducted to describe the effect of abiotic stress, e.g., salt stress, on growth and biochemical responses. In order to better understand the mechanism of inherent tolerance of this plant facing salt stress, the present study was conducted to determine the metabolic and growth differences of P. peruviana plants at three different BBCH-based growth substages, varying salt conditions. Hence, plants were independently treated with two NaCl solutions, and growth parameters and LC-ESI-MS-derived semi-quantitative levels of metabolites were then measured and compared between salt treatments per growth substage. A 90 mM NaCl treatment caused the greatest effect on plants, provoking low growth and particular metabolite variations. The treatment discrimination-driving feature classification suggested that glycosylated flavonols increased under 30 mM NaCl at 209 substages, withanolides decreased under 90 mM NaCl at 603 and 703 substages, and up-regulation of a free flavonol at all selected stages can be considered a salt stress response. Findings locate such response into a metabolic context and afford some insights into the plant response associated with antioxidant compound up-regulation.
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Shenstone E, Lippman Z, Van Eck J. A review of nutritional properties and health benefits of Physalis species. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:316-325. [PMID: 32385801 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Physalis genus of the Solanaceae family is home to many edible food crops including tomatillo, goldenberry, and groundcherry. These Physalis members have garnered more attention as consumer interest in novel fruits and vegetables has increased because of increasing awareness of the health benefits of eating a diverse diet. As a result of this interest, several preliminary studies were conducted of these Physalis to evaluate their nutritional and chemical profiles associated with health benefits. Results showed these crops contain many essential minerals and vitamins, notably potassium and immune system supporting Vitamin C, also known for its antioxidant activity. Beyond nutritional properties, these crops also contain a class of steroidal lactones called withanolides, which have been recognized for their antitumor, and antinflammatory properties. In some studies, withanolide extract from Physalis species have exhibited cytotoxicity towards cancers cells. Overall, this review focuses on the nutritional and physiochemical properties of tomatillo, goldenberry, and groundcherry and how they relate to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zach Lippman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Joyce Van Eck
- The Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Zhan X, Luo X, He J, Zhang C, Liao X, Xu X, Feng S, Yu C, Jiang Z, Meng Y, Shen C, Wang H, Lu J. Bioactive compounds induced in Physalis angulata L. by methyl-jasmonate: an investigation of compound accumulation patterns and biosynthesis-related candidate genes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:341-354. [PMID: 32227258 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We employed both metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to explore the accumulation patterns of physalins, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in Physalis angulata and revealed the genes associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds under methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Physalis angulata L. is an annual Solanaceae plant with a number of medicinally active compounds. Despite the potential pharmacological benefits of P. angulata, the scarce genomic information regarding this plant has limited the studies on the mechanisms of bioactive compound biosynthesis. To facilitate the basic understanding of the main chemical constituent biosynthesis pathways, we performed both metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to reveal the genes associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds under methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Untargeted metabolome analysis showed that most physalins, flavonoids and chlorogenic acid were significantly upregulated. Targeted HPLC-MS/MS analysis confirmed variations in the contents of two important representative steroid derivatives (physalins B and G), total flavonoids, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid between MeJA-treated plants and controls. Transcript levels of a few steroid biosynthesis-, flavonoid biosynthesis-, and chlorogenic acid biosynthesis-related genes were upregulated, providing a potential explanation for MeJA-induced active ingredient synthesis in P. angulata. Systematic correlation analysis identified a number of novel candidate genes associated with bioactive compound biosynthesis. These results may help to elucidate the regulatory mechanism underlying MeJA-induced active compound accumulation and provide several valuable candidate genes for further functional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaori Zhan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiujun Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Jinyu He
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chengchao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xinyue Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xinyun Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Shangguo Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chunna Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zhifang Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Yijun Meng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Jiangjie Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
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12
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Karpaga Raja Sundari B, Budhwar R, Dwarakanath BS, Thyagarajan SP. De novo transcriptome analysis unravels tissue-specific expression of candidate genes involved in major secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways of Plumbago zeylanica: implication for pharmacological potential. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:271. [PMID: 32523865 PMCID: PMC7260346 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The present study provides comparative transcriptome analysis, besides identifying functional secondary metabolite genes of Plumbago zeylanica with pharmacological potential for future functional genomics, and metabolomic engineering of secondary metabolites from this plant towards diversified biomedical applications. ABSTRACT Plumbago zeylanica is a widely used medicinal plant of the traditional Indian system of medicine with wide pharmacological potential to treat several disorders. The present study aimed to carry out comparative transcriptome analysis in leaf and root tissue of P. zeylanica using Illumina paired end sequencing to identify tissue-specific functional genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, contributing to its therapeutic efficacy. De novo sequencing assembly resulted in the identification of 62,321 "Unigenes" transcripts with an average size of 1325 bp. Functional annotation using BLAST2GO resulted in the identification of 50,301 annotated transcripts (80.71%) and GO assigned to 18,814 transcripts. KEGG pathway annotation of the "Unigenes" revealed that 2465 transcripts could be assigned to 242 KEGG pathway maps wherein the number of transcripts involved in secondary metabolism was distinct in root and leaf transcriptome. Among the secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, the cluster of "Unigenes" encoding enzymes of 'Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway' represents the largest group (84 transcripts) followed by 'Terpenoid Backbone biosynthesis' (48 transcripts). The transcript levels of the candidate unigenes encoding key enzymes of phenylpropanoid (PAL, TAL) and flavanoid biosynthesis (CHS, ANS, FLS) pathways were up-regulated in root, while the expression levels of candidate "Unigenes" transcript for monoterpenoid (DXS, ISPF), diterpenoid biosynthesis (SPS, SDS) and indole alkaloid pathways (STR) were significantly higher in leaf of P. zeylanica. Interestingly, validation of differential gene expression profile by qRT-PCR also confirmed that candidate "Unigenes" enzymes of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were highly expressed in the root, while the key regulatory enzymes of terpenoid and indole alkaloid compounds were up-regulated in the leaf, suggesting that (differences in) the levels of these functional genes could be attributed to the (differential) pharmacological activity (between root and leaf) in tissues of P. zeylanica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roli Budhwar
- Bionivid Technology [P] Limited, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, 560043 India
| | - Bilikere S. Dwarakanath
- Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116 India
- Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Pudong, 201321 Shanghai China
| | - S. P. Thyagarajan
- Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116 India
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14
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Stein A, Compera D, Karge B, Brönstrup M, Franke J. Isolation and characterisation of irinans, androstane-type withanolides from Physalis peruviana L. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2003-2012. [PMID: 31501667 PMCID: PMC6720484 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Withanolides are steroidal lactones widespread in Nightshade plants with often potent antiproliferative activities. Additionally, the structural diversity of this compound class holds much potential for the discovery of novel biological activity. Here, we report two newly characterised withanolides, named irinans, from Physalis peruviana with highly unusual truncated backbones that resemble mammalian androstane sex hormones. Based on biomimetic chemical reactions, we propose a model that links these compounds to withanolide biosynthesis. Irinans have potent antiproliferative activities, that are however lower than those of 4ß-hydroxywithanolide E. Our work establishes androwithanolides as a new subclass of withanolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Stein
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dave Compera
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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15
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Wang X, Bai J, Wang W, Zhang G. Leaf metabolites profiling between red and green phenotypes of Suaeda salsa by widely targeted metabolomics. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:845-856. [PMID: 31155029 DOI: 10.1071/fp18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Chenopodiaceae Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. is a traditional Chinese medicine and food with green and red phenotypes in the Yellow River Delta. We identified 521 metabolites using widely targeted metabolomics, of which 165 were selected as significantly differential metabolites which could be related to the leaf traits of different phenotypes of S. salsa. Two anthocyanins (i.e. cyanidin O-acetylhexoside and delphinidin-3-O-(6'-O-α-rhamnopyranosy l-β-glucopyranoside)) were responsible for red colour in red leaves of S. salsa. Gallic acid, which existed only in red one, was the main reason for leaf succulence. D-arabitol and ribitol were two significantly upregulated carbohydrates in red phenotype. Four alkaloids (i.e. harmaline, aminophylline, pipecolate and trigonelline) were upregulated in red leaves. Hormonal changed involved a decrease in indoleacetic acid-valine (IAA-Val), N6-isopentenyladenosine-5'-monophosphate (iPRMP), isopentenyladenineriboside (iPR), trans-abscisic acid (S-ABA), salicylic acid O-hexoside, methyl jasmonate, N6-isopentenyladenine (iP), trans-zeatin riboside-O-glucoside iso2, trans-zeatin riboside-O-glucoside, and a tendency for dihydrozeatin 9-O-glucoside (DZ9G) down accumulation. In addition, the regulation of amino acids and lipids also contributed to the adaptation of red phenotype to harsh environment. Generally, our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of the metabolites between two phenotypes of S. salsa and an interpretation of phenotypic differences from the point of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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16
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Kang SH, Lee JY, Lee TH, Park SY, Kim CK. De novo transcriptome assembly of the Chinese pearl barley, adlay, by full-length isoform and short-read RNA sequencing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208344. [PMID: 30533012 PMCID: PMC6289447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi) is a tropical grass that has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is known for its nutritional benefits. Recent studies have shown that vitamin E compounds in adlay protect against chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. However, the molecular basis of adlay's health benefits remains unknown. Here, we generated adlay gene sets by de novo transcriptome assembly using long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) and short-read RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). The gene sets obtained from Iso-seq and RNA-seq contained 31,177 genes and 57,901 genes, respectively. We confirmed the validity of the assembled gene sets by experimentally analyzing the levels of prolamin and vitamin E biosynthesis-associated proteins in adlay plant tissues and seeds. We compared the screened adlay genes with known gene families from closely related plant species, such as rice, sorghum and maize. We also identified tissue-specific genes from the adlay leaf, root, and young and mature seed, and experimentally validated the differential expression of 12 randomly-selected genes. Our study of the adlay transcriptome will provide a valuable resource for genetic studies that can enhance adlay breeding programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kang
- International Technology Cooperation Center, RDA, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chang-Kug Kim
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Korea
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17
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Knoch E, Sugawara S, Mori T, Poulsen C, Fukushima A, Harholt J, Fujimoto Y, Umemoto N, Saito K. Third DWF1 paralog in Solanaceae, sterol Δ 24-isomerase, branches withanolide biosynthesis from the general phytosterol pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8096-E8103. [PMID: 30082386 PMCID: PMC6112714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807482115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A large part of chemodiversity of plant triterpenes is due to the modification of their side chains. Reduction or isomerization of double bonds in the side chains is often an important step for the diversification of triterpenes, although the enzymes involved are not fully understood. Withanolides are a large group of structurally diverse C28 steroidal lactones derived from 24-methylenecholesterol. These compounds are found in the Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera, also known as ashwagandha, and other members of the Solanaceae. The pathway for withanolide biosynthesis is unknown, preventing sustainable production via white biotechnology and downstream pharmaceutical usages. In the present study, based on genome and transcriptome data we have identified a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of withanolides: a DWF1 paralog encoding a sterol Δ24-isomerase (24ISO). 24ISO originated from DWF1 after two subsequent duplication events in Solanoideae plants. Withanolides and 24ISO appear only in the medicinal plants in the Solanoideae, not in crop plants such as potato and tomato, indicating negative selection during domestication. 24ISO is a unique isomerase enzyme evolved from a reductase and as such has maintained the FAD-binding oxidoreductase structure and requirement for NADPH. Using phylogenetic, metabolomic, and gene expression analysis in combination with heterologous expression and virus-induced gene silencing, we showed that 24ISO catalyzes the conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to 24-methyldesmosterol. We propose that this catalytic step is the committing step in withanolide biosynthesis, opening up elucidation of the whole pathway and future larger-scale sustainable production of withanolides and related compounds with pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Knoch
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoko Sugawara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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18
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Zhan X, Liao X, Luo X, Zhu Y, Feng S, Yu C, Lu J, Shen C, Wang H. Comparative Metabolomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Regulation Mechanism Underlying MeJA-Induced Bioactive Compound Accumulation in Cutleaf Groundcherry ( Physalis angulata L.) Hairy Roots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6336-6347. [PMID: 29874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cutleaf groundcherry ( Physalis angulata L.) is an annual plant with a number of medicinal ingredients. However, studies about the secondary metabolism of P. angulata are very limited. An integrated metabolome and proteome approach was used to reveal the variations in the metabolism associated with bioactive compounds under methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Application of MeJA to the hairy roots could significantly increase the accumulation of most active ingredients. A targeted approach confirmed the variations in physalins D and H between MeJA treatment and the controls. Increases in the levels of a number of terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis related enzymes, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and 3β-hydroxysterioid dehydrogenase might provide a potential explanation for the MeJA-induced active ingredient synthesis. Our results may contribute to a deeper understanding of the regulation mechanism underlying the MeJA-induced active compound accumulation in P. angulata.
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Abstract
A variety of chemicals produced by plants, often referred to as 'phytochemicals', have been used as medicines, food, fuels and industrial raw materials. Recent advances in the study of genomics and metabolomics in plant science have accelerated our understanding of the mechanisms, regulation and evolution of the biosynthesis of specialized plant products. We can now address such questions as how the metabolomic diversity of plants is originated at the levels of genome, and how we should apply this knowledge to drug discovery, industry and agriculture. Our research group has focused on metabolomics-based functional genomics over the last 15 years and we have developed a new research area called 'Phytochemical Genomics'. In this review, the development of a research platform for plant metabolomics is discussed first, to provide a better understanding of the chemical diversity of plants. Then, representative applications of metabolomics to functional genomics in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, are described. The extension of integrated multi-omics analyses to non-model specialized plants, e.g., medicinal plants, is presented, including the identification of novel genes, metabolites and networks for the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, sulfur-containing metabolites and terpenoids. Further, functional genomics studies on a variety of medicinal plants is presented. I also discuss future trends in pharmacognosy and related sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
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20
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Xin J, Zhang RC, Wang L, Zhang YQ. Researches on Transcriptome Sequencing in the Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:7521363. [PMID: 28900463 PMCID: PMC5576426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7521363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to its incomparable advantages, the application of transcriptome sequencing in the study of traditional Chinese medicine attracts more and more attention of researchers, which greatly promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, the applications of transcriptome sequencing in traditional Chinese medicine were summarized by reviewing recent related papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shan Dong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Rong-chao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shan Dong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shan Dong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yong-qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shan Dong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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