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Liu M, Li Z, Kang Y, Lv J, Jin Z, Mu S, Yue H, Li L, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in CsGME encoding GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase results in little and wrinkled leaf in cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:114. [PMID: 38678513 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Map-based cloning revealed that a mutation in a highly conserved amino acid of the CsGME gene encoding GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase, causes the phenotype of little and wrinkled leaves in cucumbers. Leaf size is a critical determinant of plant architecture in cucumbers, yet only a few genes associated with this trait have been mapped or cloned. Here, we identified and characterized a mutant with little and wrinkled leaves, named lwl-1. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the lwl-1 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Through map-based cloning, the lwl-1 locus was narrowed down to a 12.22-kb region exclusively containing one fully annotated gene CsGME (CsaV3_2G004170). CsGME encodes GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase, which is involved in the synthesis of ascorbic acid (ASA) and one of the components of pectin, RG-II. Whole-length sequencing of the 12.22 kb DNA fragment revealed the presence of only a non-synonymous mutation located in the sixth exon of CsGME in lwl-1, resulting in an amino acid alteration from Pro363 to Leu363. This mutation was unique among 118 inbred lines from cucumber natural populations. CsGME expression significantly reduced in various organs of lwl-1, accompanied by a significant decrease in ASA and pectin content in leaves. Both CsGME and Csgme proteins were localized to the cytoplasm. The mutant phenotype exhibited partial recovery after the application of exogenous boric acid. Silencing CsGME in cucumber through VIGS confirmed its role as the causal gene for lwl-1. Transcriptome profiling revealed that CsGME greatly affected the expression of genes related to the cell division process and cell plate formation. This study represents the first report to characterize and clone the CsGME in cucumber, indicating its crucial role in regulating leaf size and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Kang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinzhao Lv
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoshuai Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Mu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhong Yue
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Mu S, Yue H, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen P. A mutation in CsDWF7 gene encoding a delta7 sterol C-5(6) desaturase leads to the phenotype of super compact in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:20. [PMID: 38221593 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A novel super compact mutant, scp-3, was identified using map-based cloning in cucumber. The CsDWF7 gene encoding a delta7 sterol C-5(6) desaturase was the candidate gene of scp-3. Mining dwarf genes is important in understanding stem growth in crops. However, only a small number of dwarf genes have been cloned or characterized. Here, we characterized a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) dwarf mutant, super compact 3 (scp-3), which displays shortened internodes and dark green leaves with a wrinkled appearance. The photosynthetic rate of scp-3 is significantly lower than that of the wild type. The dwarf phenotype of scp-3 mutant can be partially rescued by the exogenous brassinolide (BL) application, and the endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) levels in the scp-3 mutant were significantly lower compared to the wild type. Microscopic examination revealed that the reduced internode length in scp-3 resulted from a decrease in cell size. Genetic analysis showed that the dwarf phenotype of scp-3 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Combined with bulked segregant analysis and map-based cloning strategy, we delimited scp-3 locus into an 82.5 kb region harboring five putative genes, but only one non-synonymous mutation (A to T) was discovered between the mutant and its wild type in this region. This mutation occurred within the second exon of the CsGy4G017510 gene, leading to an amino acid alteration from Leu156 to His156. This gene encodes the CsDWF7 protein, an analog of the Arabidopsis DWF7 protein, which is known to be involved in the biosynthesis of BRs. The CsDWF7 protein was targeted to the cell membrane. In comparison to the wild type, scp-3 exhibited reduced CsDWF7 expression in different tissues. These findings imply that CsDWF7 is essential for both BR biosynthesis as well as growth and development of cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zichen Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunxiao Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Mu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhong Yue
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yanjie Luo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Chen F, Yong J, Zhang G, Liu M, Wang Q, Zhong H, Pan Y, Chen P, Weng Y, Li Y. An LTR retrotransposon insertion inside CsERECTA for an LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase results in compact (cp) plant architecture in cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:31. [PMID: 36894705 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The compact (cp) phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important plant architecture-related trait with a great potential for cucumber improvement. In this study, we conducted map-based cloning of the cp locus, identified and functionally characterized the candidate gene. Comparative microscopic analysis suggested that the short internode in the cp mutant is due to fewer cell numbers. Fine genetic mapping delimited cp into an 8.8-kb region on chromosome 4 harboring only one gene, CsERECTA (CsER) that encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase. A 5.5-kb insertion of a long terminal repeat retrotransposon in the 22nd exon resulted in loss-of-function of CsER in the cp plant. Spatiotemporal expression analysis in cucumber and CsER promoter-driven GUS assays in Arabidopsis indicated that CsER was highly expressed in the stem apical meristem and young organs, but the expression level was similar in the wild type and mutant cucumber plants. However, CsER protein accumulation was reduced in the mutant as revealed by western hybridization. The mutation in cp also did not seem to affect self-association of CsER for formation of dimers. Ectopic expression of CsER in Arabidopsis was able to rescue the plant height of the loss-of-function AtERECTA mutant, whereas the compact inflorescence and small rosette leaves of the mutant could be partially recovered. Transcriptome profiling in the mutant and wild type cucumber plants revealed hormone biosynthesis/signaling, and photosynthesis pathways associated with CsER-dependent regulatory network. Our work provides new insights for the use of cp in cucumber breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jianpeng Yong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaoyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huili Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yupeng Pan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Rathan ND, Krishnappa G, Singh AM, Govindan V. Mapping QTL for Phenological and Grain-Related Traits in a Mapping Population Derived from High-Zinc-Biofortified Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:220. [PMID: 36616350 PMCID: PMC9823887 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Genomic regions governing days to heading (DH), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and test weight (TW) were investigated in a set of 190 RILs derived from a cross between a widely cultivated wheat-variety, Kachu (DPW-621-50), and a high-zinc variety, Zinc-Shakti. The RIL population was genotyped using 909 DArTseq markers and phenotyped in three environments. The constructed genetic map had a total genetic length of 4665 cM, with an average marker density of 5.13 cM. A total of thirty-seven novel quantitative trait loci (QTL), including twelve for PH, six for DH, five for DM, eight for TKW and six for TW were identified. A set of 20 stable QTLs associated with the expression of DH, DM, PH, TKW, and TW were identified in two or more environments. Three novel pleiotropic genomic-regions harboring co-localized QTLs governing two or more traits were also identified. In silico analysis revealed that the DArTseq markers were located on important putative candidate genes such as MLO-like protein, Phytochrome, Zinc finger and RING-type, Cytochrome P450 and pentatricopeptide repeat, involved in the regulation of pollen maturity, the photoperiodic modulation of flowering-time, abiotic-stress tolerance, grain-filling duration, thousand-kernel weight, seed morphology, and plant growth and development. The identified novel QTLs, particularly stable and co-localized QTLs, will be validated to estimate their effects in different genetic backgrounds for subsequent use in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Velu Govindan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco 56237, Mexico
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5
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Strygina KV, Elatskova AG, Elatskov YA, Tekhanovich GA, Khlestkina EK. Analysis of the Genes That Determine the Dwarf Form of Watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai in the VIR Collection. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422120134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liu L, Gan Y, Luo J, Li J, Zheng X, Gong H, Liu X, Deng L, Zhao G, Wu H. QTL mapping reveals candidate genes for main agronomic traits in Luffa based on a high-resolution genetic map. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1069618. [PMID: 36466279 PMCID: PMC9716215 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1069618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Luffa is an important medicinal and edible vegetable crop of Cucurbitaceae. Strong heterosis effects and strikingly complementary characteristics were found between the two domesticated Luffa cultivars, Luffa acutangula and Luffa cylindrica. To explore the genetic basis underlying their important agronomic traits, we constructed the first interspecific high-density genetic linkage map using a BC1 population of 110 lines derived from a cross between S1174 (Luffa acutangula) and P93075 (Luffa cylindrica). The map spanned a total of 2246.74 cM with an average distance of 0.48 cM between adjacent markers. Thereafter, a large-scale field-based quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping was conducted for 25 important agronomic traits and 40 significant genetic loci distributed across 11 chromosomes were detected. Notably, a vital QTL (qID2) located on chromosome 9 with a minimum distance of 23 kb was identified to be responsible for the internode diameter and explained 11% of the phenotypic variation. Lac09g006860 (LacCRWN3), encoding a nuclear lamina protein involved in the control of nuclear morphology, was the only gene harbored in qID2. Sequence alignment showed completely different promoter sequences between the two parental alleles of LacCRWN3 except for some nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons, and the expression level in thick-stem P93075 was distinctively higher than that in thin-stem S1174. According to the natural variation analysis of a population of 183 inbred lines, two main haplotypes were found for LacCRWN3: the P93075-like and S1174-like, with the former haplotype lines exhibiting significantly thicker internode diameters than those of the latter haplotype lines. It showed that LacCRWN3, as the only CRWN3 gene in Cucurbitaceae, was the most likely candidate gene regulating the internode diameter of Luffa. Our findings will be beneficial for deciphering the molecular mechanism of key phenotypic traits and promoting maker-assisted breeding in Luffa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqin Gan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianning Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gangjun Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Research Progress on the Leaf Morphology, Fruit Development and Plant Architecture of the Cucumber. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162128. [PMID: 36015432 PMCID: PMC9415855 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an annual climbing herb that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is one of the most important economic crops in the world. The breeding of cucumber varieties with excellent agronomic characteristics has gained more attention in recent years. The size and shape of the leaves or fruit and the plant architecture are important agronomic traits that influence crop management and productivity, thus determining the crop yields and consumer preferences. The growth of the plant is precisely regulated by both environmental stimuli and internal signals. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the plant morphological regulation of Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, our understanding of the control mechanisms of the growth and development of cucumber is still limited. This paper reviews the regulation of phytohormones in plant growth and expounds the latest progress in research regarding the genetic regulation pathways in leaf development, fruit size and shape, branching, and plant type in cucumber, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.
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8
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Zhang M, Song M, Davoudi M, Cheng F, Yin J, Zha G, Yang Z, Chen J, Lou Q. The mutation of C-24 reductase, a key enzyme involved in brassinolide biosynthesis, confers a novel compact plant architecture phenotype to cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2711-2723. [PMID: 35788747 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel compact plant architecture mutant, cpa-2, was identified from EMS-induced mutagenesis. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing and map-based cloning revealed CsDWF1 encoding C-24 reductase enzyme as the candidate gene. The compact architecture is a vital and valuable agronomic trait that helps to reduce the labor of plant management, and improve the fruit yield by increasing planting density in cucumbers. However, the molecular basis underlying the regulation of plant architecture in cucumber is complex and largely unknown. In this study, a novel recessive compact allele, designated as cpa-2 (compact plant architecture-2) was fine mapped in a 109 kb region on chromosome 7 by the strategy of bulked segregant analysis sequencing combined with map-based cloning. Gene annotation of the corresponding region revealed that the CsaV3_7G030530 (CsDWF1) gene encoding C-24 reductase, which acts as the key enzyme in brassinosteroids biosynthesis, functions as the candidate gene for cpa-2. Sequence analysis showed that a single-nucleotide mutation (G to A) in the second exon of CsaV3_7G030530 caused an amino acid substitution from E502 to K502. Compared with wild-type CCMC, CsDWF1 had lower expression levels in the stem, leaf and ovary of cpa-2. In addition, the compact phenotype in cpa-2 could be partially restored by exogenous BR application. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many genes related to plant growth hormones were differentially expressed in cpa-2 plants. This is the first report about the characterization and cloning of the CsDWF1 gene. This work revealed the importance of CsDWF1 in plant development regulation and extended our understanding of the interaction between BRs and other hormones for plant architecture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Marzieh Davoudi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gaohui Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhengan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No.1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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9
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Singh L, Dhillon GS, Kaur S, Dhaliwal SK, Kaur A, Malik P, Kumar A, Gill RK, Kaur S. Genome-wide Association Study for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Diverse Blackgram Panel (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Reveals Novel Putative Alleles for Future Breeding Programs. Front Genet 2022; 13:849016. [PMID: 35899191 PMCID: PMC9310006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.849016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is an important tropical and sub-tropical short-duration legume that is rich in dietary protein and micronutrients. Producing high-yielding blackgram varieties is hampered by insufficient genetic variability, absence of suitable ideotypes, low harvest index and susceptibility to biotic-abiotic stresses. Seed yield, a complex trait resulting from the expression and interaction of multiple genes, necessitates the evaluation of diverse germplasm for the identification of novel yield contributing traits. Henceforth, a panel of 100 blackgram genotypes was evaluated at two locations (Ludhiana and Gurdaspur) across two seasons (Spring 2019 and Spring 2020) for 14 different yield related traits. A wide range of variability, high broad-sense heritability and a high correlation of grain yield were observed for 12 out of 14 traits studied among all environments. Investigation of population structure in the panel using a set of 4,623 filtered SNPs led to identification of four sub-populations based on ad-hoc delta K and Cross entropy value. Using Farm CPU model and Mixed Linear Model algorithms, a total of 49 significant SNP associations representing 42 QTLs were identified. Allelic effects were found to be statistically significant at 37 out of 42 QTLs and 50 known candidate genes were identified in 24 of QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovejit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Sarabjit Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Palvi Malik
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Gurdaspur, India
| | - Ranjit Kaur Gill
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- *Correspondence: Satinder Kaur,
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10
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Han J, Ma Z, Chen L, Wang Z, Wang C, Wang L, Chen C, Ren Z, Cao C. Morphological Characterization and Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Organ Development Defective 1 ( odd1) Mutant in Cucumis sativus L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105843. [PMID: 35628653 PMCID: PMC9145247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an economically important vegetable crop with the unique growth habit and typical trailing shoot architecture of Cucurbitaceae. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of growth and development is significant for improving quality and productivity in cucumber. Here we isolated a spontaneous cucumber mutant organ development defective 1 (odd1) with multiple morphological changes including root, plant stature, stem, leaf, male and female flowers, as well as fruit. Anatomical and cytological analyses demonstrated that both cell size and number decreased, and the shoot apical meristem (SAM) was smaller in odd1 compared with WT. Pollen vigor and germination assays and cross tests revealed that odd1 is female sterile, which may be caused by the absence of ovules. Genetic analysis showed that odd1 is a recessive single gene mutant. Using the MutMap strategy, the odd1 gene was found to be located on chromosome 5. Integrated profiling of transcriptome and proteome indicated that the different expression genes related to hormones and SAM maintenance might be the reason for the phenotypic changes of odd1. These results expanded the insight into the molecular regulation of organ growth and development and provided a comprehensive reference map for further studies in cucumber.
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11
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Li S, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Wang J, Sun J, Yang X, Huang S, Zhang Z. Deletion of a cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, CsSMR1, leads to dwarf and determinate growth in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:915-927. [PMID: 34841478 PMCID: PMC8942921 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-04006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A 7.9 kb deletion which contains a cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor leads to determinate growth and dwarf phenotype in cucumber. Plant architecture is a composite character which are mainly defined by shoot branching, internode elongation and shoot determinacy. Ideal architecture tends to increase the yield of plants, just like the case of "Green Revolution" increased by the application of semi-dwarf cereal crop varieties in 1960s. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable cultivated worldwide, and suitable architecture varieties were selected for different production systems. In this study, we obtained a novel dwarf mutant with strikingly shortened plant height and determinate growth habit. By bulked segregant analysis and map-based cloning, we delimited the dw2 locus to a 56.4 kb region which contain five genes. Among all the variations between WT and dw2 within the 56.4 kb region, a 7.9 kb deletion which resulted in complete deletion of CsaV3_5G035790 in dw2 was co-segregated with the dwarf phenotype. Haplotype analysis and gene expression analysis suggest that CsaV3_5G035790 encoding a cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (CsSMR1) be the candidate gene responsible for the dwarf phenotype in dw2. RNA-seq analysis shows that several kinesin-like proteins, cyclins and reported organ size regulators are expressed differentially between WT and dw2, which may account for the reduced organ size in dwarf plants. Additionally, the down-regulation of CsSTM and CsWOX9 in dw2 resulted in premature termination of shoot apical meristem development, which eventually reduces the internode number and plant height. Identification and characterization of the CsSMR1 provide a new insight into cucumber architecture modification to be applied to mechanized production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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12
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Hu L, Liu P, Jin Z, Sun J, Weng Y, Chen P, Du S, Wei A, Li Y. A mutation in CsHY2 encoding a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase leads to an elongated hypocotyl 1(elh1) phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2639-2652. [PMID: 34091695 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The elongated hypocotyl1 (elh1) mutant in cucumber is due to a mutation in CsHY2, which is a homolog of the Arabidopsis HY2 encoding the phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase for phytochrome biosynthesis Hypocotyl length is a critical determinant in establishing high quality seedlings for successful cucumber production, but knowledge on the molecular regulation of hypocotyl growth in cucumber is very limited. Here, we reported identification and characterization of a cucumber elongated hypocotyl 1 (elh1) mutant. We found that the longer hypocotyl in elh1 was due to longitudinal growth of hypocotyl cells. With fine mapping, the elh1 locus was delimited to a 20.9-kb region containing three annotated genes; only one polymorphism was identified in this region between two parental lines, which was a non-synonymous SNP (G28153633A) in the third exon of CsHY2 (CsGy1G030000) that encodes a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase. Uniqueness of the mutant allele at CsHY2 was verified in natural cucumber populations. Ectopic expression of CsHY2 in Arabidopsis hy2-1 long-hypocotyl mutant led to reduced hypocotyl length. The PΦB protein was targeted to the chloroplast. The expression levels of CsHY2 and five phytochrome genes CsPHYA1, CsPHYA2, CsPHYB, CsPHYC and CsPHYE were all significantly down-regulated while several cell elongation related genes were up-regulated in elh1 mutant compared to wild-type cucumber, which are correlated with dynamic hypocotyl elongation in the mutant. RNA-seq analysis in the WT and mutant revealed differentially expressed genes involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolisms, cell elongation and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This is the first report to characterize and clone the CsHY2 gene in cucumber. This work reveals the important of CsHY2 in regulating hypocotyl length and extends our understanding of the roles of CsHY2 in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoshuai Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi,, China
| | - Shengli Du
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China
- National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Aimin Wei
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Wang H, Sun J, Yang F, Weng Y, Chen P, Du S, Wei A, Li Y. CsKTN1 for a katanin p60 subunit is associated with the regulation of fruit elongation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2429-2441. [PMID: 34043036 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We identified a short fruit3 (sf3) mutant in cucumber. Map-based cloning revealed that CsKTN1 gene encodes a katanin p60 subunit, which is associated with the regulation of fruit elongation. Fruit length is an important horticultural trait for both fruit yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Knowledge on the molecular regulation of fruit elongation in cucumber is very limited. In this study, we identified and characterized a cucumber short fruit3 (sf3) mutant. Histological examination indicated that the shorter fruit in the mutant was due to reduced cell numbers. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the sf3 mutant was controlled by a single gene with semi-dominant inheritance. By map-based cloning and Arabidopsis genetic transformation, we showed that Sf3 was a homolog of KTN1 (CsKTN1) encoding a katanin p60 subunit. A non-synonymous mutation in the fifth exon of CsKTN1 resulted in an amino acid substitution from Serine in the wild type to Phenylalanine in the sf3 mutant. CsKTN1 expressed in all tissues of both the wild type and the sf3 mutant. However, there was no significant difference in CsKTN1 expression levels between the wild type and the sf3 mutant. The hormone quantitation and RNA-seq analysis suggested that auxin and gibberellin contents are decreased in sf3 by changing the expression levels of genes related with auxin and gibberellin metabolism and signaling. This work helps understand the function of the katanin and the molecular mechanisms of fruit growth regulation in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengli Du
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China
- National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Aimin Wei
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao DD, Son JH, Farooq M, Kim KM. Identification of Candidate Gene for Internode Length in Rice to Enhance Resistance to Lodging Using QTL Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071369. [PMID: 34371572 PMCID: PMC8309285 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Internode length and stem diameter are the primary traits affecting the lodging resistance of rice. Traits related to the length of the panicle (LP), uppermost internode (LUI), second internode (LSI), third internode (LTI), fourth internode (LFI), lowest internode (LLI) as well as stem diameter at the uppermost internode (SDUI), second internode (SDSI), third internode (SDTI), fourth internode (SDFI), and lowest internode (SDLI) in 120 Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid population were investigated using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Thirty-four QTL regions affected LP and the length of each internode. Twenty-six QTL regions were associated with the stem diameter of each internode. RM12285-RM212 on chromosome 1 contained 10 QTLs related to the internode length, which have overlapped for over 2 years. Twenty-three candidate genes were screened using mark interval. Among the candidate genes, Os01g0803900, named OsCYPq1, which is in the Cytochrome P450 family, might be involved in gibberellins (GA) synthesis. GA is an essential plant growth regulator that affects plant height. OsCYPq1 catalyzes oxidation steps in the middle part of the GA pathway. OsCYPq1 is expected to provide valuable information to improve the marker assessment for target traits and QTL gene cloning in rice.
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15
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Liu X, Chen J, Zhang X. Genetic regulation of shoot architecture in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:143. [PMID: 34193859 PMCID: PMC8245548 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop species with great economic value. Shoot architecture determines the visual appearance of plants and has a strong impact on crop management and yield. Unlike most model plant species, cucumber undergoes vegetative growth and reproductive growth simultaneously, in which leaves are produced from the shoot apical meristem and flowers are generated from leaf axils, during the majority of its life, a feature representative of the Cucurbitaceae family. Despite substantial advances achieved in understanding the regulation of plant form in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and maize, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling shoot architecture in Cucurbitaceae crop species is still limited. In this review, we focus on recent progress on elucidating the genetic regulatory pathways underlying the determinant/indeterminant growth habit, leaf shape, branch outgrowth, tendril identity, and vine length determination in cucumber. We also discuss the potential of applying biotechnology tools and resources for the generation of ideal plant types with desired architectural features to improve cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Zhang M, Song M, Cheng F, Yang Z, Davoudi M, Chen J, Lou Q. Identification of a putative candidate gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase involved in brassinosteroids biosynthesis for compact plant architecture in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2023-2034. [PMID: 33683399 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By the strategy of bulked segregant analysis sequencing combined with genetic mapping, CsDWF5, which encodes 7 dehydrocholesterol reductase that involved in brassinosteroids biosynthesis, was identified as the candidate gene for cpa. Dwarf architecture is one of the most important breeding goals in crops. The biosynthesis and signal transduction of brassinosteroids (BRs) have a great impact on plant growth and development including plant architecture. Here, we identified a compact plant architecture (cpa) mutant from an EMS-induced cucumber population. cpa displayed the extremely dwarf phenotype with shortened internode and petiole, darkened and wrinkled leaf. Genetic analysis revealed that cpa was caused by a single recessive gene. By the strategy of bulked segregant analysis sequencing combined with genetic mapping, CsDWF5, encoding a 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase that involved in sterol biosynthesis, was identified as the candidate gene for cpa. One single nucleotide mutation (G→A) in splicing site causing 3-bp insertion (TAG) was found in the first base of the sixth intron of CsDWF5 in cpa, which furtherly resulted in the frameshift mutation and got a premature stop codon. The expression of CsDWF5 gene was significantly down regulated in different tissues of the cpa mutant compared with that in wild type. The phenotype of cpa could be partially recovered by exogenous BR treatment. Transcriptome analysis identified 1096 genes that exhibited differential expression between the cpa mutant and wild type. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in BR biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. These results provide perspectives on the molecular mechanisms underlying the dwarfing phenotype in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhige Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Marzieh Davoudi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Street No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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17
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Yang S, Zhang K, Zhu H, Zhang X, Yan W, Xu N, Liu D, Hu J, Wu Y, Weng Y, Yang L. Melon short internode (CmSi) encodes an ERECTA-like receptor kinase regulating stem elongation through auxin signaling. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:202. [PMID: 33328451 PMCID: PMC7705010 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly determines plant architecture, and compact or dwarf plants can allow for increased planting density and land utilization as well as increased lodging resistance and economic yield. At least four dwarf/semidwarf genes have been identified in different melon varieties, but none of them have been cloned, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying internode elongation in melon. Here, we report map-based cloning and functional characterization of the first semidwarf gene short internode (Cmsi) in melon, which encodes an ERECTA-like receptor kinase regulating internode elongation. Spatial-temporal expression analyses revealed that CmSI exhibited high expression in the vascular bundle of the main stem during internode elongation. The expression level of CmSI was positively correlated with stem length in the different melon varieties examined. Ectopic expression of CmSI in Arabidopsis and cucumber suggested CmSI as a positive regulator of internode elongation in both species. Phytohormone quantitation and transcriptome analysis showed that the auxin content and the expression levels of a number of genes involved in the auxin signaling pathway were altered in the semidwarf mutant, including several well-known auxin transporters, such as members of the ABCB family and PIN-FORMED genes. A melon polar auxin transport protein CmPIN2 was identified by protein-protein interaction assay as physically interacting with CmSI to modulate auxin signaling. Thus, CmSI functions in an auxin-dependent regulatory pathway to control internode elongation in melon. Our findings revealed that the ERECTA family gene CmSI regulates stem elongation in melon through auxin signaling, which can directly affect polar auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaige Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Xu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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18
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Wu Z, Liu Z, Chang S, Zhao Y. An EMS mutant library for carrot and genetic analysis of some mutants. BREEDING SCIENCE 2020; 70:540-546. [PMID: 33603549 PMCID: PMC7878946 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carrot is among the top-ten most economically important vegetable crops in the world. However, the gene pool of cultivated carrot is narrow and the collection and preservation of carrot germplasm are very limited in China. In this study, seeds of carrot inbred line "17005" were treated by ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS) to construct a mutant library. The conditions of EMS mutagenesis on inbred line "17005" were optimized, including treatment of seeds at 0.5% EMS for 6 h. We obtained a number of mutant lines showing inheritable morphological mutations in cotyledon, growth point, leaf, taproot in the vegetative phase and mutations in bolting time, primary stem height and color, secondary branch, flower and seed in the reproductive phase through M2 and M3. The F2 segregating population from the cross of yellow taproot and purple-red epidermis taproot with wild type showed that these two mutants were controlled by single recessive gene respectively. The inheritable mutants can not only enrich the carrot germplasm, but also provide resources for the function research of carrot gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shuangfeng Chang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Guo Z, Cai L, Chen Z, Wang R, Zhang L, Guan S, Zhang S, Ma W, Liu C, Pan G. Identification of candidate genes controlling chilling tolerance of rice in the cold region at the booting stage by BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201081. [PMID: 33391797 PMCID: PMC7735347 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice is sensitive to low temperatures, specifically at the booting stage. Chilling tolerance of rice is a quantitative trait loci that is governed by multiple genes, and thus, its precise identification through the conventional methods is an arduous task. In this study, we investigated the candidate genes related to chilling tolerance at the booting stage of rice. The F2 population was derived from Longjing25 (chilling-tolerant) and Longjing11 (chilling-sensitive) cross. Two bulked segregant analysis pools were constructed. A 0.82 Mb region containing 98 annotated genes on chromosomes 6 and 9 was recognized as the candidate region associated with chilling tolerance of rice at the booting stage. Transcriptomic analysis of Longjing25 and Longjing11 revealed 50 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on the candidate intervals. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed. Nine pathways were found to be enriched, which contained 10 DEGs. A total of four genes had different expression patterns or levels between Longjing25 and Longjing11. Four out of the 10 DEGs were considered as potential candidate genes for chilling tolerance. This study will assist in the cloning of the candidate genes responsible for chilling tolerance and molecular breeding of rice for the development of chilling-tolerant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanming Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwu Guan
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Ma
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxue Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Pan
- Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154026, People's Republic of China
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20
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Ren R, Yang X, Song A, Li C, Yang H, Kang Y. Control of Phytophthora melonis damping-off treated with 24-epibrassinolide and a histological study of cucumber hypocotyl. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1519-1529. [PMID: 32621043 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oomycete Phytophthora melonis causes a severe disease in cucumber plants in Asia. In this study, the diameter of cucumber hypocotyl in the resistant variety 'Shantou qing gua' was significantly larger than that of the susceptible variety 'Zhongnong No. 20'. The significantly lower incidence of disease and less invasive hyphae on the epidermis and transverse section of hypocotyls in P plants of the resistant variety than those in susceptible cultivars were also observed. Brassinosteroids are a class of phytohormones that affect plant growth and development and are involved in regulating plant resistance to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. 24-Epibrassinolide root drenching significantly enhanced the thickening of cucumber hypocotyl. Thick hypocotyls showed strong resistance to P. melonis, indicating that it significantly reduced the incidence of disease and retarded the hyphae extension for both resistant and susceptible cucumbers. 24-Epibrassinolide pretreatment had no significant effect on the elongation of cucumber hypocotyl. Further histological observation showed that under the condition of infection with P. melonis, exogenous 24-epibrassinolide could induce lignin deposition in external phloem and xylem vessel cell wall of the cucumber hypocotyl vascular bundle. There is also an accumulation of callose in the external phloem sieve plate, which activates the resistance responses in cell walls. It is worth mentioning that in both inoculated and uninoculated conditions, exogenous 24-epibrassinolide enhanced lignin formation in external phloem and xylem vessel cell wall of the vascular bundle. This increased the content of lignin in hypocotyl as well as the number of vascular bundles in the hypocotyl base. The above results show that 24-epibrassinolide constitutively regulates the thickening of cucumber hypocotyl and the development of vascular bundle, hence preventing phytophthora infection and inducing plant resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Ren
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiting Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Common Basic Courses, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunyan Kang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Fan M, He Y, Guo P. A mutation in the intron splice acceptor site of a GA3ox gene confers dwarf architecture in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14915. [PMID: 32913219 PMCID: PMC7483442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dwarf architecture is an important trait associated with plant yield, lodging resistance and labor cost. Here, we aimed to identify a gene causing dwarfism in watermelon. The ‘w106’ (dwarf) and ‘Charleston Gray’ (vine) were used as parents to construct F1 and F2 progeny. Dwarf architecture of ‘w106’ was mainly caused by longitudinal cell length reduction and was controlled by a single recessive gene. Whole-genome sequencing of two parents and two bulk DNAs of F2 population localized this gene to a 2.63-Mb region on chromosome 9; this was further narrowed to a 541-kb region. Within this region, Cla015407, encoding a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA3ox), was the candidate gene. Cla015407 had a SNP mutation (G → A) in the splice acceptor site of the intron, leading to altered splicing event and generating two splicing isoforms in dwarf plants. One splicing isoform retained the intron sequences, while the other had a 13-bp deletion in the second exon of GA3ox transcript, both resulting in truncated proteins and loss of the functional Fe2OG dioxygenase domain in dwarf plants. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that expression of Cla015407 and other GA biosynthetic and metabolic genes were mostly up-regulated in the shoots of dwarf plants compared with vine plants in F2 population. Measurement of endogenous GA levels indicated that bioactive GA4 was significantly decreased in the shoots of dwarf plants. Moreover, the dwarf phenotype can be rescued by exogenous applications of GA3 or GA4+7, with the latter having a more distinct effect than the former. Subcellular localization analyses of GA3ox proteins from two parents revealed their subcellular targeting in nucleus and cytosol. Here, a GA3ox gene controlling dwarf architecture was identified, and loss function of GA3ox leads to GA4 reduction and dwarfism phenotype in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Sun
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Min Fan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Yanjun He
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Pingan Guo
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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22
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Wang Y, Bo K, Gu X, Pan J, Li Y, Chen J, Wen C, Ren Z, Ren H, Chen X, Grumet R, Weng Y. Molecularly tagged genes and quantitative trait loci in cucumber with recommendations for QTL nomenclature. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:3. [PMID: 31908806 PMCID: PMC6938495 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (2n = 2x = 14), is an important vegetable crop worldwide. It was the first specialty crop with a publicly available draft genome. Its relatively small, diploid genome, short life cycle, and self-compatible mating system offers advantages for genetic studies. In recent years, significant progress has been made in molecular mapping, and identification of genes and QTL responsible for key phenotypic traits, but a systematic review of the work is lacking. Here, we conducted an extensive literature review on mutants, genes and QTL that have been molecularly mapped or characterized in cucumber. We documented 81 simply inherited trait genes or major-effect QTL that have been cloned or fine mapped. For each gene, detailed information was compiled including chromosome locations, allelic variants and associated polymorphisms, predicted functions, and diagnostic markers that could be used for marker-assisted selection in cucumber breeding. We also documented 322 QTL for 42 quantitative traits, including 109 for disease resistances against seven pathogens. By alignment of these QTL on the latest version of cucumber draft genomes, consensus QTL across multiple studies were inferred, which provided insights into heritable correlations among different traits. Through collaborative efforts among public and private cucumber researchers, we identified 130 quantitative traits and developed a set of recommendations for QTL nomenclature in cucumber. This is the first attempt to systematically summarize, analyze and inventory cucumber mutants, cloned or mapped genes and QTL, which should be a useful resource for the cucurbit research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Kailiang Bo
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Junsong Pan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Horticulture College, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Horticulture College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 China
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Rebecca Grumet
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706 USA
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23
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Wei Z, Li J. Regulation of Brassinosteroid Homeostasis in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583622. [PMID: 33133120 PMCID: PMC7550685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as one of the major classes of phytohormones essential for various processes during normal plant growth, development, and adaptations to biotic and abiotic stresses. Significant progress has been achieved on revealing mechanisms regulating BR biosynthesis, catabolism, and signaling in many crops and in model plant Arabidopsis. It is known that BRs control plant growth and development in a dosage-dependent manner. Maintenance of BR homeostasis is therefore critical for optimal functions of BRs. In this review, updated discoveries on mechanisms controlling BR homeostasis in higher plants in response to internal and external cues are discussed.
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24
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Gebremeskel H, Dou J, Li B, Zhao S, Muhammad U, Lu X, He N, Liu W. Molecular Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for GA 3 Responsive Short Internode in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E290. [PMID: 31906246 PMCID: PMC6982186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants with shorter internodes are suitable for high-density planting, lodging resistance and the preservation of land resources by improving yield per unit area. In this study, we identified a locus controlling the short internode trait in watermelon using Zhengzhouzigua (long internode) and Duan125 (short internode) as mapping parents. Genetic analysis indicated that F1 plants were consistent with long internode plants, which indicates that the long internode was dominant over the short internode. The observed F2 and BC1 individuals fitted the expected phenotypic segregation ratios of 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. The locus was mapped on chromosome 9 using a bulked segregant analysis approach. The region was narrowed down to 8.525 kb having only one putative gene, Cla015407, flanking by CAPS90 and CAPS91 markers, which encodes gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA 3β-hydroxylase). The sequence alignment of the candidate gene between both parents revealed a 13 bp deletion in the short internode parent, which resulted in a truncated protein. Before GA3 application, significantly lower GA3 content and shorter cell length were obtained in the short internode plants. However, the highest GA3 content and significant increase in cell length were observed in the short internode plants after exogenous GA3 application. In the short internode plants, the expression level of the Cla015407 was threefold lower than the long internode plants in the stem tissue. In general, our results suggested that Cla015407 might be the candidate gene responsible for the short internode phenotype in watermelon and the phenotype is responsive to exogenous GA3 application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.G.); (J.D.); (B.L.); (S.Z.); (U.M.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
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25
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Rong F, Chen F, Huang L, Zhang J, Zhang C, Hou D, Cheng Z, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor results in curly leaf (cul) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:113-123. [PMID: 30334067 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We identified two curly-leaf (cul) mutants in cucumber. Map-based cloning revealed that both mutants are due to allelic mutations in the CsPHB gene, a homolog of the Arabidopsis PHABULOSA which encodes a class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor. Leaf rolling is an important agronomic trait in crop breeding. Moderate leaf rolling minimizes shadowing between leaves, leading to improved photosynthetic efficiency. Although a number of genes controlling rolled leaf have been identified from rice and other plant species, none have been mapped or cloned in cucurbit crops. In this study, we identified and characterized two curly leaf (cul) mutants, cul-1 and cul-2 in cucumber. With map-based cloning, we show that cul-1 and cul-2 are allelic mutations and CsPHB (Csa6G525430) was the candidate gene for both mutants. The CsPHB gene encoded a class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factor. A single non-synonymous mutation in the fourth and fifth exons of the CsPHB was responsible for the cul-1 and cul-2 mutant phenotypes, respectively. The single-nucleotide substitutions in cul-1 and cul-2 were both located in cs-miRNA165/166 complementary sites of CsPHB. The expression level of CsPHB gene in multiple organs of cul-1 and cul-2 mutants was higher than that in the wild type, while the expression of cs-miRNA165/166 in the two genotypes showed the opposite trend. We speculate that disruption of the binding between the mutant allele of CsPHB and cs-miRNA165/166 leads to the curly-leaf phenotype. This is the first report to clone and characterize the CsPHB gene in the family Cucurbitaceae. Taken together, these results support CsPHB as an important player in the modulation of leaf shape development in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxi Rong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Feifan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Chaowen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong Hou
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shanxi, China.
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26
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Zhu H, Zhang M, Sun S, Yang S, Li J, Li H, Yang H, Zhang K, Hu J, Liu D, Yang L. A Single Nucleotide Deletion in an ABC Transporter Gene Leads to a Dwarf Phenotype in Watermelon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1399. [PMID: 31798601 PMCID: PMC6863960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf habit is one of the most important traits in crop plant architecture, as it can increase plant density and improved land utilization, especially for protected cultivation, as well as increasing lodging resistance and economic yield. At least four dwarf genes have been identified in watermelon, but none of them has been cloned. In the current study, the Cldw-1 gene was primary-mapped onto watermelon chromosome 9 by next-generation sequencing-aided bulked-segregant analysis (BSA-seq) of F2 plants derived from a cross between a normal-height line, WT4, and a dwarf line, WM102, in watermelon. The candidate region identified by BSA-seq was subsequently validated and confirmed by linkage analysis using 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in an F2 population of 124 plants. The Cldw-1 gene was further fine-mapped by chromosome walking in a large F2 population of 1,053 plants and was delimited into a candidate region of 107.00 kb. Six genes were predicted to be in the candidate region, and only one gene, Cla010337, was identified to have two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a single nucleotide deletion in the exons in the dwarf line, WM102. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker was developed from the single nucleotide deletion, co-segregated with the dwarf trait in both the F2 population and a germplasm collection of 165 accessions. Cla010337 encoded an ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter) protein, and the expression levels of Cla010337 were significantly reduced in all the tissues tested in the dwarf line, WM102. The results of this study will be useful in achieving a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the dwarf plant trait in watermelon and for the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for new dwarf cultivars.
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27
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Wei C, Zhu C, Yang L, Zhao W, Ma R, Li H, Zhang Y, Ma J, Yang J, Zhang X. A point mutation resulting in a 13 bp deletion in the coding sequence of Cldf leads to a GA-deficient dwarf phenotype in watermelon. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31814985 PMCID: PMC6885051 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The dwarf architecture is an important and valuable agronomic trait in watermelon breeding and has the potential to increase fruit yield and reduce labor cost in crop cultivation. However, the molecular basis for dwarfism in watermelon remains largely unknown. In this study, a recessive dwarf allele (designated as Cldf (Citrullus lanatus dwarfism)) was fine mapped in a 32.88 kb region on chromosome 09 using F2 segregation populations derived from reciprocal crossing of a normal line M08 and a dwarf line N21. Gene annotation of the corresponding region revealed that the Cla015407 gene encoding a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase functions as the best possible candidate gene for Cldf. Sequence analysis showed that the fourth polymorphism site (a G to A point mutation) at the 3' AG splice receptor site of the intron leads to a 13 bp deletion in the coding sequence of Cldf in dwarf line N21 and thus results in a truncated protein lacking the conserved domain for binding 2-oxoglutarate. In addition, the dwarf phenotype of Cldf could be rescued by exogenous GA3 application. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the small multigene family GA3ox (GA3 oxidase) in cucurbit species may originate from three ancient lineages in Cucurbitaceae. All these data support the conclusion that Cldf is a GA-deficient mutant, which together with the cosegregated marker can be used for breeding new dwarf cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Chunyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Liping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Rongxue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jianxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jianqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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28
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Sharma A, Rather GA, Misra P, Dhar MK, Lattoo SK. Gene Silencing and Over-Expression Studies in Concurrence With Promoter Specific Elicitations Reveal the Central Role of WsCYP85A69 in Biosynthesis of Triterpenoids in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:842. [PMID: 31333694 PMCID: PMC6624744 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) synthesizes a wide spectrum of triterpenoids that are produced via an intricate isoprenoid pathway whose biosynthetic and regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Their pharmacological examination position them as potent bioactive molecules, hence demanding their copious production. Previous investigations have revealed that P450 monooxygenases are pivotal enzymes involved in the biosynthetic machinery of various metabolites and assist in decorating their core skeletal structures. The present study entails the isolation and functional characterization of castasterone synthase (CYP85A69) from W. somnifera. The full length WsCYP85A69, having an open reading frame of 1413 bp, encodes 470 amino acid residues. Further, in vitro conversion of 6-deoxocastasterone into castasterone validated its oxidative functionality. Product formation was confirmed using LC-PDA-MS with a m/z value of 506 [M+ACN]+. In planta transient over-expression of WsCYP85A69 significantly enhanced castasterone, stigmasterol and withanolides (WS-I, WS-II, WS-III). Artificial micro-RNA mediated silencing of WsCYP85A69 resulted in the reduced accumulation of castasterone, stigmasterol and withanolides (WS-I, WS-II, WS-III). Altogether, these non-complementary approaches plausibly suggest a key role of WsCYP85A69 in the biosynthesis of castasterone and the accumulation of withanolides and stigmasterol. Furthermore, a promoter analysis of WsCYP85A69 resulted in the identification of several potential cis-regulatory elements. Elicitations, given on the basis of identified cis-regulatory elements, demonstrated methyl jasmonate as an effective inducer of WsCYP85A69. Overall, these empirical findings suggest that functional characterization of WsCYP85A69 may conceivably be helpful to unravel the mechanism of brassinosteroids biosynthesis and could also pave the way for targeted metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Gulzar A. Rather
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Manoj K. Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj K. Dhar,
| | - Surrinder K. Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Surrinder K. Lattoo, ;
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29
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Cao W, Du Y, Wang C, Xu L, Wu T. Cscs encoding chorismate synthase is a candidate gene for leaf variegation mutation in cucumber. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:571-581. [PMID: 30697118 PMCID: PMC6345225 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Variegation is a frequently observed genetic phenomenon in landscaping. In this study, an ethyl methanesulfonate induced variegated leaf (Csvl) mutant in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was identified. The Csvl mutant displayed green-yellow-white variegation phenotype throughout the whole growth cycle, while the leaf of wild type plants was normal green. The photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic parameters of Csvl was significantly lower than wild type. The cytology observation results showed that the mesophyll cells of Csvl mutant contained defective chloroplasts. Genetic analysis indicated that variegated leaf phenotype was monogenic recessive inheritance. MutMap and genotyping results revealed that Csa6G405290 (Cscs), encoding chorismate synthase, was the candidate gene for variegated leaf mutant in cucumber. The expression level of Cscs was similar between wild type and variegated leaf mutant leaves. Transcriptome profile analysis of leaves of Csvl mutant identified 183 candidate genes involved in variegated leaf development in cucumber, including genes that encode heat shock protein, zinc finger protein. Cscs may regulate variegated leaf in cucumber by interacting with these genes. In a word, these results revealed that Cscs might regulate the variegated leaf phenotype in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
| | - Yalin Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
| | - Lilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University,
600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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30
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A High-Density EST-SSR-Based Genetic Map and QTL Analysis of Dwarf Trait in Cucurbita pepo L. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103140. [PMID: 30322052 PMCID: PMC6213718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the earliest domesticated species, Cucurbita pepo (including squash and pumpkin) is rich in phenotypic polymorphism and has huge economic value. In this research, using 1660 expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) and 632 genomic simple sequence repeats (gSSRs), we constructed the highest-density EST-SSR-based genetic map in Cucurbita genus, which spanned 2199.1 cM in total and harbored 623 loci distributed in 20 linkage groups. Using this map as a bridge, the two previous gSSR maps were integrated by common gSSRs and the corresponding relationships around chromosomes in three sets of genomes were also collated. Meanwhile, one large segmental inversion that existed between our map and the C. pepo genome was detected. Furthermore, three Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) of the dwarf trait (gibberellin-sensitive dwarf type) in C. pepo were located, and the candidate region that covered the major QTL spanned 1.39 Mb, which harbored a predicted gibberellin 2-β-oxidase gene. Considering the rich phenotypic polymorphism, the important economic value in the Cucurbita genus species and several advantages of the SSR marker were identified; thus, this high-density EST-SSR-based genetic map will be useful in Pumpkin and Squash breeding work in the future.
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Deng Y, Zheng H, Yan Z, Liao D, Li C, Zhou J, Liao H. Full-Length Transcriptome Survey and Expression Analysis of Cassia obtusifolia to Discover Putative Genes Related to Aurantio-Obtusin Biosynthesis, Seed Formation and Development, and Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092476. [PMID: 30134624 PMCID: PMC6163539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed is the pharmaceutical and breeding organ of Cassia obtusifolia, a well-known medical herb containing aurantio-obtusin (a kind of anthraquinone), food, and landscape. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of the biosynthesis of aurantio-obtusin, seed formation and development, and stress response of C. obtusifolia, it is necessary to understand the genomics information. Although previous seed transcriptome of C. obtusifolia has been carried out by short-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the vast majority of the resulting unigenes did not represent full-length cDNA sequences and supply enough gene expression profile information of the various organs or tissues. In this study, fifteen cDNA libraries, which were constructed from the seed, root, stem, leaf, and flower (three repetitions with each organ) of C. obtusifolia, were sequenced using hybrid approach combining single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and NGS platform. More than 4,315,774 long reads with 9.66 Gb sequencing data and 361,427,021 short reads with 108.13 Gb sequencing data were generated by SMRT and NGS platform, respectively. 67,222 consensus isoforms were clustered from the reads and 81.73% (61,016) of which were longer than 1000 bp. Furthermore, the 67,222 consensus isoforms represented 58,106 nonredundant transcripts, 98.25% (57,092) of which were annotated and 25,573 of which were assigned to specific metabolic pathways by KEGG. CoDXS and CoDXR genes were directly used for functional characterization to validate the accuracy of sequences obtained from transcriptome. A total of 658 seed-specific transcripts indicated their special roles in physiological processes in seed. Analysis of transcripts which were involved in the early stage of anthraquinone biosynthesis suggested that the aurantio-obtusin in C. obtusifolia was mainly generated from isochorismate and Mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate (MVA/MEP) pathway, and three reactions catalyzed by Menaquinone-specific isochorismate synthase (ICS), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPPS) might be the limited steps. Several seed-specific CYPs, SAM-dependent methyltransferase, and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UDPG) supplied promising candidate genes in the late stage of anthraquinone biosynthesis. In addition, four seed-specific transcriptional factors including three MYB Transcription Factor (MYB) and one MADS-box Transcription Factor (MADS) transcriptional factors) and alternative splicing might be involved with seed formation and development. Meanwhile, most members of Hsp20 genes showed high expression level in seed and flower; seven of which might have chaperon activities under various abiotic stresses. Finally, the expressional patterns of genes with particular interests showed similar trends in both transcriptome assay and qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this is the first full-length transcriptome sequencing reported in Caesalpiniaceae family, and thus providing a more complete insight into aurantio-obtusin biosynthesis, seed formation and development, and stress response as well in C. obtusifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Deng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Hui Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Zicheng Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Dongying Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Chaolin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Xu L, Wang C, Cao W, Zhou S, Wu T. CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase CsCLAVATA1 is a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1393-1405. [PMID: 29971484 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf mutations have played vital roles in elucidating the regulatory molecular mechanisms of plant height. In this study, we identified a mutant named Csdw, whose mutagenesis was induced by ethyl methyl sulfonate in cucumber, and this mutant exhibited a dwarf phenotype with a reduced internode length because of the reduction of cell division in the main stem. The dwarf phenotype of Csdw could be partially rescued through GA3 application, and endogenous GA3 levels from the stem of Csdw decreased distinctly. Genetic analysis showed that Csdw was attributed to a recessive gene. The MutMap and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping results revealed that Csa3G872760 (CsCLAVATA1), encoding a CLAVATA1-type receptor-like kinase, was a putative candidate gene for dwarf mutation in cucumber. The expression of CsCLAVATA1 in the stem of Csdw was lower than that of wild-type plants. Therefore, CsCLAVATA1 could regulate the dwarf phenotype in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shengmao Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, 174 Daxuedong Road, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Tao Y, Niu Y, Wang Y, Chen T, Naveed SA, Zhang J, Xu J, Li Z. Genome-wide association mapping of aluminum toxicity tolerance and fine mapping of a candidate gene for Nrat1 in rice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198589. [PMID: 29894520 PMCID: PMC5997306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) stress is becoming the major limiting factor in crop production in acidic soils. Rice has been reported as the most Al-tolerant crop and the capacity of Al toxicity tolerance is generally evaluated by comparing root growth under Al stress. Here, we performed an association mapping of Al toxicity tolerance using a core collection of 211 indica rice accessions with 700 K high quality SNP data. A total of 21 putative QTL affecting shoot height (SH), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW) and shoot water content (SWC) were identified at seedling stage, including three QTL detected only under control condition, eight detected only under Al stress condition, ten simultaneously detected in both control and Al stress conditions, and seven were identified by stress tolerance index of their corresponding traits. Total of 21 candidate genes for 7 important QTL regions associated with Al toxicity tolerance were identified based on combined haplotype analysis and functional annotation, and the most likely candidate gene(s) for each important QTL were also discussed. Also a candidate gene Nrat1 on chromosome 2 was further fine-mapped using BSA-seq and linkage analysis in the F2 population derived from the cross of Al tolerant accession CC105 and super susceptible accession CC180. A new non-synonymous SNP variation was observed at Nrat1 between CC105 and CC180, which resulted in an amino-acid substitution from Ala (A) in CC105 to Asp (D) in CC180. Haplotype analysis of Nrat1 using 327 3K RGP accessions indicated that minor allele variations in aus and indica subpopulations decreased Al toxicity tolerance in rice. The candidate genes identified in this study provide valuable information for improvement of Al toxicity tolerance in rice. Our research indicated that minor alleles are important for QTL mapping and its application in rice breeding when natural gene resources are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Tao
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Niu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiao Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shahzad Amir Naveed
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Breeding and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Breeding and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Li X, An M, Xia Z, Bai X, Wu Y. Transcriptome analysis of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruits in response to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16747. [PMID: 29196660 PMCID: PMC5711961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) belongs to the Tobamovirus genus and is a major global plant virus on cucurbit plants. It causes severe disease symptoms on infected watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus), particularly inducing fruit decay. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of CGMMV-induced watermelon fruit decay. For this study, comparative analysis of transcriptome profiles of CGMMV-inoculated and mock-inoculated watermelon fruits were conducted via RNA-Seq. A total of 1,621 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in CGMMV-inoculated watermelon, among which 1,052 were up-regulated and 569 were down-regulated. Functional annotation analysis showed that several DEGs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, hormone biosynthesis and signaling transduction, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interactions. We furthermore found that some DEGs were related to cell wall components and photosynthesis, which may directly be involve in the development of the symptoms associated with diseased watermelons. To confirm the RNA-Seq data, 15 DEGs were selected for gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR. The results showed a strong correlation between these two sets of data. Our study identified many candidate genes for further functional studies during CGMMV-watermelon interactions, and will furthermore help to clarify the understanding of pathogenic mechanism underlying CGMMV infection in cucurbit plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Plant Virus Laboratory of Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Plant Virus Laboratory of Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Plant Virus Laboratory of Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaojiao Bai
- Plant Virus Laboratory of Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Plant Virus Laboratory of Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Hou S, Niu H, Tao Q, Wang S, Gong Z, Li S, Weng Y, Li Z. A mutant in the CsDET2 gene leads to a systemic brassinosteriod deficiency and super compact phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1693-1703. [PMID: 28516384 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel dwarf cucumber mutant, scp-2, displays a typical BR biosynthesis-deficient phenotype, which is due to a mutation in CsDET2 for a steroid 5-alpha-reductase. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant hormones that play important roles in the development of plant architecture, and extreme dwarfism is a typical outcome of BR-deficiency. Most cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) varieties have an indeterminate growth habit, and dwarfism may have its value in manipulation of plant architecture and improve production in certain production systems. In this study, we identified a spontaneous dwarf mutant, super compact-2 (scp-2), that also has dark green, wrinkle leaves. Genetic analyses indicated that scp-2 was different from two previously reported dwarf mutants: compact (cp) and super compact-1 (scp-1). Map-based cloning revealed that the mutant phenotype was due to two single nucleotide polymorphism and a single-base insertion in the CsDET2 gene that resulted in a missense mutation in a conserved amino acid and thus a truncated protein lacking the conserved catalytic domains in the predicted steroid 5α-reductase protein. Measurement of endogenous hormone levels indicated a reduced level of brassinolide (BL, a bioactive BR) in scp-2, and the mutant phenotype could be partially rescued by the application of epibrassinolide (EBR). In addition, scp-2 mutant seedlings exhibited dark-grown de-etiolation, and defects in cell elongation and vascular development. These data support that scp-2 is a BR biosynthesis-deficient mutant, and that the CsDET2 gene plays a key role in BR biosynthesis in cucumber. We also described the systemic BR responses and discussed the specific BR-related phenotypes in cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianyi Tao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenhao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenhui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Li
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Horticulture College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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