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Hamid R, Jacob F, Ghorbanzadeh Z, Khayam Nekouei M, Zeinalabedini M, Mardi M, Sadeghi A, Kumar S, Ghaffari MR. Genomic insights into CKX genes: key players in cotton fibre development and abiotic stress responses. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17462. [PMID: 38827302 PMCID: PMC11144395 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), responsible for irreversible cytokinin degradation, also controls plant growth and development and response to abiotic stress. While the CKX gene has been studied in other plants extensively, its function in cotton is still unknown. Therefore, a genome-wide study to identify the CKX gene family in the four cotton species was conducted using transcriptomics, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and bioinformatics. As a result, in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense (the tetraploid cotton species), 87 and 96 CKX genes respectively and 62 genes each in G. arboreum and G. raimondii, were identified. Based on the evolutionary studies, the cotton CKX gene family has been divided into five distinct subfamilies. It was observed that CKX genes in cotton have conserved sequence logos and gene family expansion was due to segmental duplication or whole genome duplication (WGD). Collinearity and multiple synteny studies showed an expansion of gene families during evolution and purifying selection pressure has been exerted. G. hirsutum CKX genes displayed multiple exons/introns, uneven chromosomal distribution, conserved protein motifs, and cis-elements related to growth and stress in their promoter regions. Cis-elements related to resistance, physiological metabolism and hormonal regulation were identified within the promoter regions of the CKX genes. Expression analysis under different stress conditions (cold, heat, drought and salt) revealed different expression patterns in the different tissues. Through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the GhCKX34A gene was found to improve cold resistance by modulating antioxidant-related activity. Since GhCKX29A is highly expressed during fibre development, we hypothesize that the increased expression of GhCKX29A in fibres has significant effects on fibre elongation. Consequently, these results contribute to our understanding of the involvement of GhCKXs in both fibre development and response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmieh Hamid
- Department of Plant Breeding, Cotton Research Institute of Iran (CRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Feba Jacob
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Zahra Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | | | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mardi
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Akram Sadeghi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Alborrz, Iran
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
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Rong C, Zhang R, Liu Y, Chang Z, Liu Z, Ding Y, Ding C. Purine permease (PUP) family gene PUP11 positively regulates the rice seed setting rate by influencing seed development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:112. [PMID: 38568250 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Purine permease PUP11 is essential for rice seed development, regulates the seed setting rate, and influences the cytokinin content, sugar transport, and starch biosynthesis during grain development. The distribution of cytokinins in plant tissues determines plant growth and development and is regulated by several cytokinin transporters, including purine permease (PUP). Thirteen PUP genes have been identified within the rice genome; however, the functions of most of these genes remain poorly understood. We found that pup11 mutants showed extremely low seed setting rates and a unique filled seed distribution. Moreover, seed formation arrest in these mutants was associated with the disappearance of accumulated starch 10 days after flowering. PUP11 has two major transcripts with different expression patterns and subcellular locations, and further studies revealed that they have redundant positive roles in regulating the seed setting rate. We also found that type-A Response Regulator (RR) genes were upregulated in the developing grains of the pup11 mutant compared with those in the wild type. The results also showed that PUP11 altered the expression of several sucrose transporters and significantly upregulated certain starch biosynthesis genes. In summary, our results indicate that PUP11 influences the rice seed setting rate by regulating sucrose transport and starch accumulation during grain filling. This research provides new insights into the relationship between cytokinins and seed development, which may help improve cereal yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Rong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Renren Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Chang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Seth P, Sebastian J. Plants and global warming: challenges and strategies for a warming world. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:27. [PMID: 38163826 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE In this review, we made an attempt to create a holistic picture of plant response to a rising temperature environment and its impact by covering all aspects from temperature perception to thermotolerance. This comprehensive account describing the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these responses and potential mitigation strategies will be helpful for understanding the impact of global warming on plant life. Organisms need to constantly recalibrate development and physiology in response to changes in their environment. Climate change-associated global warming is amplifying the intensity and periodicity of these changes. Being sessile, plants are particularly vulnerable to variations happening around them. These changes can cause structural, metabolomic, and physiological perturbations, leading to alterations in the growth program and in extreme cases, plant death. In general, plants have a remarkable ability to respond to these challenges, supported by an elaborate mechanism to sense and respond to external changes. Once perceived, plants integrate these signals into the growth program so that their development and physiology can be modulated befittingly. This multifaceted signaling network, which helps plants to establish acclimation and survival responses enabled their extensive geographical distribution. Temperature is one of the key environmental variables that affect all aspects of plant life. Over the years, our knowledge of how plants perceive temperature and how they respond to heat stress has improved significantly. However, a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the process still largely elusive. This review explores how an increase in the global surface temperature detrimentally affects plant survival and productivity and discusses current understanding of plant responses to high temperature (HT) and underlying mechanisms. We also highlighted potential resilience attributes that can be utilized to mitigate the impact of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyay Seth
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur (IISER Berhampur), Engineering School Road, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India
| | - Jose Sebastian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur (IISER Berhampur), Engineering School Road, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India.
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Sampedro-Guerrero J, Vives-Peris V, Gomez-Cadenas A, Clausell-Terol C. Efficient strategies for controlled release of nanoencapsulated phytohormones to improve plant stress tolerance. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:47. [PMID: 37189192 PMCID: PMC10184380 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change due to different human activities is causing adverse environmental conditions and uncontrolled extreme weather events. These harsh conditions are directly affecting the crop areas, and consequently, their yield (both in quantity and quality) is often impaired. It is essential to seek new advanced technologies to allow plants to tolerate environmental stresses and maintain their normal growth and development. Treatments performed with exogenous phytohormones stand out because they mitigate the negative effects of stress and promote the growth rate of plants. However, the technical limitations in field application, the putative side effects, and the difficulty in determining the correct dose, limit their widespread use. Nanoencapsulated systems have attracted attention because they allow a controlled delivery of active compounds and for their protection with eco-friendly shell biomaterials. Encapsulation is in continuous evolution due to the development and improvement of new techniques economically affordable and environmentally friendly, as well as new biomaterials with high affinity to carry and coat bioactive compounds. Despite their potential as an efficient alternative to phytohormone treatments, encapsulation systems remain relatively unexplored to date. This review aims to emphasize the potential of phytohormone treatments as a means of enhancing plant stress tolerance, with a specific focus on the benefits that can be gained through the improved exogenous application of these treatments using encapsulation techniques. Moreover, the main encapsulation techniques, shell materials and recent work on plants treated with encapsulated phytohormones have been compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Sampedro-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gomez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Carolina Clausell-Terol
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
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Hudeček M, Nožková V, Plíhalová L, Plíhal O. Plant hormone cytokinin at the crossroads of stress priming and control of photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1103088. [PMID: 36743569 PMCID: PMC9889983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To cope with biotic and abiotic stress conditions, land plants have evolved several levels of protection, including delicate defense mechanisms to respond to changes in the environment. The benefits of inducible defense responses can be further augmented by defense priming, which allows plants to respond to a mild stimulus faster and more robustly than plants in the naïve (non-primed) state. Priming provides a low-cost protection of agriculturally important plants in a relatively safe and effective manner. Many different organic and inorganic compounds have been successfully tested to induce resistance in plants. Among the plethora of commonly used physicochemical techniques, priming by plant growth regulators (phytohormones and their derivatives) appears to be a viable approach with a wide range of applications. While several classes of plant hormones have been exploited in agriculture with promising results, much less attention has been paid to cytokinin, a major plant hormone involved in many biological processes including the regulation of photosynthesis. Cytokinins have been long known to be involved in the regulation of chlorophyll metabolism, among other functions, and are responsible for delaying the onset of senescence. A comprehensive overview of the possible mechanisms of the cytokinin-primed defense or stress-related responses, especially those related to photosynthesis, should provide better insight into some of the less understood aspects of this important group of plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hudeček
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Vladimíra Nožková
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Plíhal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
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Yang Y, Yu J, Qian Q, Shang L. Enhancement of Heat and Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice by Genetic Manipulation: A Systematic Review. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:67. [PMID: 36562861 PMCID: PMC9789292 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a result of global warming, plants are subjected to ever-increasing abiotic stresses including heat and drought. Drought stress frequently co-occurs with heat stress as a result of water evaporation. These stressors have adverse effects on crop production, which in turn affects human food security. Rice is a major food resource grown widely in crop-producing regions throughout the world. However, increasingly common heat and drought stresses in growth regions can have negative impacts on seedling morphogenesis, reproductive organ establishment, overall yield, and quality. This review centers on responses to heat and drought stress in rice. Current knowledge of molecular regulation mechanisms is summarized. We focus on approaches to cope with heat and drought stress, both at the genetic level and from an agricultural practice perspective. This review establishes a basis for improving rice stress tolerance, grain quality, and yield for human benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
| | - Jianping Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401 China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
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Xue Z, Huang F, Liu J, Ke Y, Wei H, Gao P, Qi Y, Yu L. A high trans-zeatin nucleoside concentration in corms may promote the multileaf growth of Amorphophallus muelleri. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964003. [PMID: 36275554 PMCID: PMC9583388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphophallus muelleri has a multileaf growth pattern different from that of other konjacs; however, the hormonal mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not clear. In this study, the levels of hormones closely related to the sprouting of the axillary bud, including five types of cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured. In the second leaf sprouting stage, the content of trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) in corms increased more than 5000-fold over that in the dormancy period. Surprisingly, although the expression of CYP735A1 and CYP735A2, which synthesize the precursors for tZR was elevated at the second leaf sprouting stage, the expression of IPTs, which have key roles in cytokinin biosynthesis, did not change significantly. In addition, most cytokinin contents in leaves during the same period were significantly lower than those in corms. We speculate that the high cytokinin contents in the corms may not biosynthesized de novo in corms. In addition, the IAA content in the corms also considerably increased during the second leaf sprouting stage. Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase (AO1) and auxin efflux carrier PIN1A, presented relatively high expression levels in the same period. In contrast, ABA content, and the expression of NCED1, a rate-limiting enzyme in ABA biosynthesis, were suppressed at the second leaf sprouting stage. It is worth mentioning that N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenosine (iP)-type cytokinins have a high content in corms in the dormant period that significantly decreases after the first leaf sprouting stage, which is completely different from the trend of tZR. By treating dormant corms with iP, the percentage of multibud plants increased, and the growth performance in terms of bud and root length was significantly higher than those of the control. This implies that iP-type cytokinins tend to play a role in promoting first seedling sprouting. Furthermore, there was a remarkable increase of the IAA content in both corms and roots under iP treatment but an inhibitory effect in buds. We speculate that the increase in the IAA content induced by iP is tissue specific. These results will assist in the understanding of the role of hormones, especially cytokinins, in the multileaf growth type of konjac.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Qi
- *Correspondence: Ying Qi, ; Lei Yu,
| | - Lei Yu
- *Correspondence: Ying Qi, ; Lei Yu,
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Heat Stress Decreases Rice Grain Weight: Evidence and Physiological Mechanisms of Heat Effects Prior to Flowering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810922. [PMID: 36142833 PMCID: PMC9504709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress during the preflowering panicle initiation stage seriously decreases rice grain weight in an invisible way and has not been given enough attention. The current review aims to (i) specify the heat effects on rice grain weight during the panicle initiation stage compared with the most important grain-filling stage; and (ii) discuss the physiological mechanisms of the decreased rice grain weight induced by heat during panicle initiation in terms of assimilate supply and phytohormone regulation, which are key physiological processes directly regulating rice grain weight. We emphasize that the effect of heat during the panicle initiation stage on rice grain weight is more serious than that during the grain-filling stage. Heat stress during the panicle initiation stage induces alterations in endogenous phytohormones, leading to the inhibition of the photosynthesis of functional leaves (source) and the formation of vascular bundles (flow), thus reducing the accumulation and transport of nonstructural carbohydrates and the growth of lemmata and paleae. The disruptions in the “flow” and restrictions in the preanthesis “source” tissue reduce grain size directly and decrease grain plumpness indirectly, resulting in a reduction in the final grain weight, which could be the direct physiological causes of the lower rice grain weight induced by heat during the panicle initiation stage. We highlight the seriousness of preflowering heat stress on rice grain weight, which can be regarded as an invisible disaster. The physiological mechanisms underlying the lower grain weight induced by heat during panicle initiation show a certain novelty because they distinguish this stage from the grain-filling stage. Additionally, a number of genes that control grain size through phytohormones have been summarized, but their functions have not yet been fully tested under heat conditions, except for the Grain Size and Abiotic stress tolerance 1 (GSA1) and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1) genes, which are reported to respond rapidly to heat stress. The mechanisms of reduced rice grain weight induced by heat during the panicle initiation stage should be studied in more depth in terms of molecular pathways.
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Mandal S, Ghorai M, Anand U, Samanta D, Kant N, Mishra T, Rahman MH, Jha NK, Jha SK, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar M, Radha, Prasanth DA, Mane AB, Gopalakrishnan AV, Biswas P, Proćków J, Dey A. Cytokinin and abiotic stress tolerance -What has been accomplished and the way forward? Front Genet 2022; 13:943025. [PMID: 36017502 PMCID: PMC9395584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.943025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a half-century has passed since it was discovered that phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is essential to drive cytokinesis and proliferation in plant tissue culture. Thereafter, cytokinin has emerged as the primary regulator of the plant cell cycle and numerous developmental processes. Lately, a growing body of evidence suggests that cytokinin has a role in mitigating both abiotic and biotic stress. Cytokinin is essential to defend plants against excessive light exposure and a unique kind of abiotic stress generated by an altered photoperiod. Secondly, cytokinin also exhibits multi-stress resilience under changing environments. Furthermore, cytokinin homeostasis is also affected by several forms of stress. Therefore, the diverse roles of cytokinin in reaction to stress, as well as its interactions with other hormones, are discussed in detail. When it comes to agriculture, understanding the functioning processes of cytokinins under changing environmental conditions can assist in utilizing the phytohormone, to increase productivity. Through this review, we briefly describe the biological role of cytokinin in enhancing the performance of plants growth under abiotic challenges as well as the probable mechanisms underpinning cytokinin-induced stress tolerance. In addition, the article lays forth a strategy for using biotechnological tools to modify genes in the cytokinin pathway to engineer abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The information presented here will assist in better understanding the function of cytokinin in plants and their effective investigation in the cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- CytoGene Research & Development LLP, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipu Samanta
- Department of Botany, Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- School of Health and Allied Science, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tulika Mishra
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Abhijit Bhagwan Mane
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidhyalaya (affiliated to Shivaji University Kolhapur), Ramanandnagar (Burli), Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Benaouda S, Dadshani S, Koua P, Léon J, Ballvora A. Identification of QTLs for wheat heading time across multiple-environments. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2833-2848. [PMID: 35776141 PMCID: PMC9325850 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genetic response to changing climatic factors selects consistent across the tested environments and location-specific thermo-sensitive and photoperiod susceptible alleles in lower and higher altitudes, respectively, for starting flowering in winter wheat. Wheat breeders select heading date to match the most favorable conditions for their target environments and this is favored by the extensive genetic variation for this trait that has the potential to be further explored. In this study, we used a germplasm with broad geographic distribution and tested it in multi-location field trials across Germany over three years. The genotypic response to the variation in the climatic parameters depending on location and year uncovered the effect of photoperiod and spring temperatures in accelerating heading date in higher and lower latitudes, respectively. Spring temperature dominates other factors in inducing heading, whereas the higher amount of solar radiation delays it. A genome-wide scan of marker-trait associations with heading date detected two QTL: an adapted allele at locus TaHd102 on chromosome 5A that has a consistent effect on HD in German cultivars in multiple environments and a non-adapted allele at locus TaHd044 on chromosome 3A that accelerates flowering by 5.6 days. TaHd102 and TaHd044 explain 13.8% and 33% of the genetic variance, respectively. The interplay of the climatic variables led to the detection of environment specific association responding to temperature in lower latitudes and photoperiod in higher ones. Another locus TaHd098 on chromosome 5A showed epistatic interactions with 15 known regulators of flowering time when non-adapted cultivars from outside Germany were included in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Benaouda
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Said Dadshani
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrice Koua
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Plant Breeding, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Khan A, Khan V, Pandey K, Sopory SK, Sanan-Mishra N. Thermo-Priming Mediated Cellular Networks for Abiotic Stress Management in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866409. [PMID: 35646001 PMCID: PMC9136941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants can adapt to different environmental conditions and can survive even under very harsh conditions. They have developed elaborate networks of receptors and signaling components, which modulate their biochemistry and physiology by regulating the genetic information. Plants also have the abilities to transmit information between their different parts to ensure a holistic response to any adverse environmental challenge. One such phenomenon that has received greater attention in recent years is called stress priming. Any milder exposure to stress is used by plants to prime themselves by modifying various cellular and molecular parameters. These changes seem to stay as memory and prepare the plants to better tolerate subsequent exposure to severe stress. In this review, we have discussed the various ways in which plants can be primed and illustrate the biochemical and molecular changes, including chromatin modification leading to stress memory, with major focus on thermo-priming. Alteration in various hormones and their subsequent role during and after priming under various stress conditions imposed by changing climate conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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12
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Ahammed GJ, Guang Y, Yang Y, Chen J. Mechanisms of elevated CO 2-induced thermotolerance in plants: the role of phytohormones. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2273-2286. [PMID: 34269828 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 is a key driver of climate change, intensifying drastic changes in meteorological parameters. Plants can sense and respond to changes in environmental parameters including atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. High temperatures beyond the physiological threshold can significantly affect plant growth and development and thus attenuate crop productivity. However, elevated atmospheric CO2 can mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress on plants. Despite a large body of literature supporting the positive impact of elevated CO2 on thermotolerance, the underlying biological mechanisms and precise molecular pathways that lead to enhanced tolerance to heat stress remain largely unclear. Under heat stress, elevated CO2-induced expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling play a critical role in stomatal movement, which optimizes gas exchange to enhance photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Notably, elevated CO2 also fortifies antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis to alleviate heat-induced oxidative damage. Both hormone-dependent and independent pathways have been shown to mediate high CO2-induced thermotolerance. The activation of heat-shock factors and subsequent expression of heat-shock proteins are thought to be the essential mechanism downstream of hormone and ROS signaling. Here we review the role of phytohormones in plant response to high atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of elevated CO2-induced thermotolerance by focusing on several key phytohormones such as ethylene. Finally, we address some limitations of our current understanding and the need for further research to unveil the yet-unknown crosstalk between plant hormones in mediating high CO2-induced thermotolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China.
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13
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Alterations of Endogenous Hormones, Antioxidant Metabolism, and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Relation to γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Regulated Thermotolerance in White Clover. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071099. [PMID: 34356332 PMCID: PMC8301151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent high temperature decreases the yield and quality of crops, including many important herbs. White clover (Trifolium repens) is a perennial herb with high feeding and medicinal value, but is sensitive to temperatures above 30 °C. The present study was conducted to elucidate the impact of changes in endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level by exogenous GABA pretreatment on heat tolerance of white clover, associated with alterations in endogenous hormones, antioxidant metabolism, and aquaporin-related gene expression in root and leaf of white clover plants under high-temperature stress. Our results reveal that improvement in endogenous GABA level in leaf and root by GABA pretreatment could significantly alleviate the damage to white clover during high-temperature stress, as demonstrated by enhancements in cell membrane stability, photosynthetic capacity, and osmotic adjustment ability, as well as lower oxidative damage and chlorophyll loss. The GABA significantly enhanced gene expression and enzyme activities involved in antioxidant defense, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and key enzymes of the ascorbic acid–glutathione cycle, thus reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative injury to membrane lipids and proteins. The GABA also increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid content in roots and leaves and cytokinin content in leaves, associated with growth maintenance and reduced leaf senescence under heat stress. The GABA significantly upregulated the expression of PIP1-1 and PIP2-7 in leaves and the TIP2-1 expression in leaves and roots under high temperature, and also alleviated the heat-induced inhibition of PIP1-1, PIP2-2, TIP2-2, and NIP1-2 expression in roots, which could help to improve the water transportation and homeostasis from roots to leaves. In addition, the GABA-induced aquaporins expression and decline in endogenous abscisic acid level could improve the heat dissipation capacity through maintaining higher stomatal opening and transpiration in white clovers under high-temperature stress.
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14
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Wu C, Cui K, Li Q, Li L, Wang W, Hu Q, Ding Y, Li G, Fahad S, Huang J, Nie L, Peng S. Estimating the yield stability of heat-tolerant rice genotypes under various heat conditions across reproductive stages: a 5-year case study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13604. [PMID: 34193936 PMCID: PMC8245571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat events during the reproductive stages of rice plants induce great yield losses. Cultivating heat-tolerant varieties is a promising strategy for guaranteeing grain security under global warming scenarios. Most heat-tolerant rice genotypes were identified under heat during the flowering stage, but it is unclear whether these currently screened heat-tolerant rice genotypes maintain stable high grain yields when heat stress occurs during the other reproductive stages. In the present study, two notable heat-tolerant rice cultivars, Nagina22 and Shanyou63, and one typical heat-sensitive cultivar, Liangyoupeijiu, were evaluated for their yield response and yield stability under heat treatments during the panicle initiation, flowering, and grain filling stages during 2010-2014. Our results revealed that rice cultivars respond differently to heat stress during different reproductive stages. Nagina22 was the most tolerant to heat stress during the flowering and grain filling stages but was susceptible during panicle initiation; Shanyou63 was the most tolerant to heat stress during panicle initiation and grain filling and was moderately tolerant to heat stress during the flowering stages. Genotype and genotype-by-environment interaction biplot yield analysis revealed that Shanyou63 exhibited the highest stability in high grain yield, followed by Nagina22, and Liangyoupeijiu exhibited stable low grain yield when experiencing heat stress across the three reproductive stages. Our results indicate that the heat tolerance of different rice cultivars depends on the reproductive stage during which heat stress occurs, and the effects manifest as reductions in grain yields and seed setting rates. Future efforts to develop heat-tolerant varieties should strive to breed varieties that are comprehensively tolerant to heat stress during any reproductive stage to cope with the unpredictable occurrence of future heat events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Kehui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Qian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Liuyong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuqian Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lixiao Nie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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15
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Optimized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Determining Nine Cytokinins, Indole-3-acetic Acid and Abscisic Acid. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13136998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) connected with ultraviolet (UV) detection were used for the determination of phytohormones. The parameters influencing the performance of the HPLC-UV method, including composition of the mobile phase for gradient elution, column temperature, flow rate, and detection wavelength, were optimized. This method can simultaneously determine 11 phytohormones, including nine cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid. The limit of detection of this method is 0.22 to 1.1 µg L−1, and the coefficient factors of linear regression are >0.998. The recoveries of the target phytohormones ranged between 62.1~109.4%, and the relative standard deviations were <10%. This method is suitable for determining phytohormones, especially cytokinins, in young panicles, roots, and xylem sap of rice plants.
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16
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Khalofah A, Khan MI, Arif M, Hussain A, Ullah R, Irfan M, Mahpara S, Shah RU, Ansari MJ, Kintl A, Brtnicky M, Danish S, Datta R. Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer improves yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns of transplanted fine rice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247529. [PMID: 33630922 PMCID: PMC7906316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds to two-third of the global population by serving as staple food. It is the main export commodity of several countries; thus, contributes towards foreign exchange earnings. Unfortunately, average global rice yield is far below than its genetic potential. Low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is among the major reasons for low average yield. Current study evaluated the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application methods (conventional and deep placement) on growth, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, agronomic N-use efficiency (ANUE), partial factors productivity of applied N (PFP) and economic returns of two different transplanted rice varieties (Basmati-515 and Super-Basmati). Fertilizer application methods significantly affected allometry, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP and economic returns. Deep placement of N-fertilizer (DPNF) observed better allometric traits, high chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, yield attributes and economic returns compared to conventional application of N-fertilizer (CANF). Similarly, Basmati-515 had better allometric and yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP and economic returns than Super-Basmati. Regarding interactions among N-fertilizer application methods and rice varieties, Basmati-515 with DPNF resulted in higher chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, allometric and yield related traits and economic returns than CANF. The lowest values of these traits were observed for Super-Basmati with no application of N-fertilizer. Both varieties had better yield and economic returns with DPNF compared to CANF. It is concluded that DPNF improved yield, ANUE and economic returns; therefore, should be opted to improve productivity of transplanted fine rice. Nonetheless, lower nitrogen doses need to be tested for DPNF to infer whether it could lower N use in rice crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Khalofah
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MIK); (RD)
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Hussain
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rehmat Ullah
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahzadi Mahpara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ullah Shah
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly, Bareilly, India
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Agriculture Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Agrisciences, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Agriculture Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Agrisciences, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subhan Danish
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rahul Datta
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Geology and Soil Science, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (MIK); (RD)
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17
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Li N, Euring D, Cha JY, Lin Z, Lu M, Huang LJ, Kim WY. Plant Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Tolerance in Response to Global Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:627969. [PMID: 33643337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.627969/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is largely dependent on climate and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The global mean surface temperatures are increasing due to global climate change. Temperature beyond the physiological optimum for growth induces heat stress in plants causing detrimental and irreversible damage to plant development, growth, as well as productivity. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms in response to heat stress. The classical plant hormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinin (CK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET), integrate environmental stimuli and endogenous signals to regulate plant defensive response to various abiotic stresses, including heat. Exogenous applications of those hormones prior or parallel to heat stress render plants more thermotolerant. In this review, we summarized the recent progress and current understanding of the roles of those phytohormones in defending plants against heat stress and the underlying signal transduction pathways. We also discussed the implication of the basic knowledge of hormone-regulated plant heat responsive mechanism to develop heat-resilient plants as an effective and efficient way to cope with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Dejuan Euring
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joon Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Woe Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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18
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Research Progress on the Roles of Cytokinin in Plant Response to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186574. [PMID: 32911801 PMCID: PMC7555750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins promote plant growth and development under normal plant growth conditions and also play an important role in plant resistance to stress. Understanding the working mechanisms of cytokinins under adverse conditions will help to make full use of cytokinins in agriculture to increase production and efficiency of land use. In this article, we review the progress that has been made in cytokinin research in plant response to stress and propose its future application prospects.
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19
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Mohl JE, Fetcher N, Stunz E, Tang J, Moody ML. Comparative transcriptomics of an arctic foundation species, tussock cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), during an extreme heat event. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8990. [PMID: 32488082 PMCID: PMC7265556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tussock cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum) is a foundation species for much of the arctic moist acidic tundra, which is currently experiencing extreme effects of climate change. The Arctic is facing higher summer temperatures and extreme weather events are becoming more common. We used Illumina RNA-Seq to analyse cDNA libraries for differential expression of genes from leaves of ecologically well-characterized ecotypes of tussock cottongrass found along a latitudinal gradient in the Alaskan Arctic and transplanted into a common garden. Plant sampling was performed on a typical summer day and during an extreme heat event. We obtained a de novo assembly that contained 423,353 unigenes. There were 363 unigenes up-regulated and 1,117 down-regulated among all ecotypes examined during the extreme heat event. Of these, 26 HSP unigenes had >log2-fold up-regulation. Several TFs associated with heat stress in previous studies were identified that had >log2-fold up- or down-regulation during the extreme heat event (e.g., DREB, NAC). There was consistent variation in DEGs among ecotypes, but not specifically related to whether plants originated from taiga or tundra ecosystems. As the climate changes it is essential to determine ecotypic diversity at the genomic level, especially for widespread species that impact ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon E Mohl
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Ned Fetcher
- Institute for Environmental Science and Sustainability, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stunz
- Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Jianwu Tang
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Michael L Moody
- Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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20
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Li N, Euring D, Cha JY, Lin Z, Lu M, Huang LJ, Kim WY. Plant Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Tolerance in Response to Global Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:627969. [PMID: 33643337 PMCID: PMC7905216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.627969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is largely dependent on climate and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The global mean surface temperatures are increasing due to global climate change. Temperature beyond the physiological optimum for growth induces heat stress in plants causing detrimental and irreversible damage to plant development, growth, as well as productivity. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms in response to heat stress. The classical plant hormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinin (CK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET), integrate environmental stimuli and endogenous signals to regulate plant defensive response to various abiotic stresses, including heat. Exogenous applications of those hormones prior or parallel to heat stress render plants more thermotolerant. In this review, we summarized the recent progress and current understanding of the roles of those phytohormones in defending plants against heat stress and the underlying signal transduction pathways. We also discussed the implication of the basic knowledge of hormone-regulated plant heat responsive mechanism to develop heat-resilient plants as an effective and efficient way to cope with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Dejuan Euring
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joon Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Jun Huang, ; 0000-0001-8072-5180
| | - Woe Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Woe Yeon Kim,
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21
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Wang HQ, Liu P, Zhang JW, Zhao B, Ren BZ. Endogenous Hormones Inhibit Differentiation of Young Ears in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:533046. [PMID: 33193473 PMCID: PMC7642522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.533046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Global warming frequently leads to extreme temperatures, which pose a serious threat to the growth, development, and yield formation of crops such as maize. This study aimed to deeply explore the molecular mechanisms of young ear development under heat stress. We selected the heat-tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 (T) and heat-sensitive maize variety Xianyu 335 (S), and subjected them to heat stress in the V9 (9th leaf), V12 (12th leaf), and VT (tasseling) growth stages. We combined analysis of the maize phenotype with omics technology and physiological indicators to compare the differences in young ear morphology, total number of florets, floret fertilization rate, grain abortion rate, number of grains, and main metabolic pathways between plants subjected to heat stress and those left to develop normally. The results showed that after heat stress, the length and diameter of young ears, total number of florets, floret fertilization rate, and number of grains all decreased significantly, whereas the length of the undeveloped part at the top of the ear and grain abortion rate increased significantly. In addition, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in young ears were significantly enriched in the hormone signaling pathways. The endogenous hormone content in young ears exhibited different changes: zeatin (ZT) and zeatin riboside (ZR) decreased significantly, but gibberellin acid3 (GA3), gibberellin acid4 (GA4), and abscisic acid (ABA) increased significantly, in ears subjected to heat stress. In the heat-tolerant maize variety, the salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) content in the vegetative growth stage also increased in ears subjected to heat stress, whereas the opposite effect was observed for the heat-sensitive variety. The changes in endogenous hormone content of young ears that were subjected to heat stress significantly affected ear development, resulting in a reduction in the number of differentiated florets, fertilized florets and grains, which ultimately reduced the maize yield.
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Wu C, Tang S, Li G, Wang S, Fahad S, Ding Y. Roles of phytohormone changes in the grain yield of rice plants exposed to heat: a review. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7792. [PMID: 31763066 PMCID: PMC6873875 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During its reproductive phase, rice is susceptible to heat stress. Heat events will occur at all stages during the reproductive phase of rice as a result of global warming. Moreover, rice yield traits respond differently to heat stress during panicle initiation, flowering and grain filling. The reduction in the number of spikelets per panicle of heat-stressed plants is due to the attenuated differentiation of secondary branches and their attached florets as well as the promotion of their degradation during the panicle-initiation stage but is not affected by heat stress thereafter. Spikelet sterility as a result of heat stress is attributed not only to physiological abnormalities in the reproductive organs during the flowering stage but also to structural and morphological abnormalities in reproductive organs during the panicle-initiation stage. The reduced grain weight of heat-stressed plants is due to a reduction in nonstructural carbohydrates, undeveloped vascular bundles, and a reduction in glume size during the panicle-initiation stage, while a shortened grain-filling duration, reduced grain-filling rate, and decreased grain width contribute to reduced grain weight during the grain-filling stage. Thus, screening and breeding rice varieties that have comprehensive tolerance to heat stress at all time points during their reproductive stage may be possible to withstand unpredictable heat events in the future. The responses of yield traits to heat stress are regulated by phytohormone levels, which are determined by phytohormone homeostasis. Currently, the biosynthesis and transport of phytohormones are the key processes that determine phytohormone levels in and grain yield of rice under heat stress. Studies on phytohormone homeostatic responses are needed to further reveal the key processes that determine phytohormone levels under heat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - She Tang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Swabi, Swabi Kyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Singh D, Singh CK, Taunk J, Jadon V, Pal M, Gaikwad K. Genome wide transcriptome analysis reveals vital role of heat responsive genes in regulatory mechanisms of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Sci Rep 2019; 9:12976. [PMID: 31506558 PMCID: PMC6736890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the role of morphological, physiological and reproductive attributes viz. membrane stability index (MSI), osmolytes accumulations, antioxidants activities and pollen germination for heat stress tolerance in contrasting genotypes. Heat stress increased proline and glycine betaine (GPX) contents, induced superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and resulted in higher MSI in PDL-2 (tolerant) compared to JL-3 (sensitive). In vitro pollen germination of tolerant genotype was higher than sensitive one under heat stress. In vivo stressed pollens of tolerant genotype germinated well on stressed stigma of sensitive genotype, while stressed pollens of sensitive genotype did not germinate on stressed stigma of tolerant genotype. De novo transcriptome analysis of both the genotypes showed that number of contigs ranged from 90,267 to 104,424 for all the samples with N50 ranging from 1,755 to 1,844 bp under heat stress and control conditions. Based on assembled unigenes, 194,178 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), 141,050 microsatellites and 7,388 Insertion-deletions (Indels) were detected. Expression of 10 genes was evaluated using quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under different combinations of heat stress has led to the identification of candidate DEGs and pathways. Changes in expression of physiological and pollen phenotyping related genes were also reaffirmed through transcriptome data. Cell wall and secondary metabolite pathways are found to be majorly affected under heat stress. The findings need further analysis to determine genetic mechanism involved in heat tolerance of lentil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Chandan Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jyoti Taunk
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vasudha Jadon
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Cui Y, Xiang J, Chen H, Hu G, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhu D, Zhang Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis of panicle development under heat stress in two rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in heat tolerance. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7595. [PMID: 31528506 PMCID: PMC6717657 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress inhibits rice panicle development and reduces the spikelet number per panicle. This study investigated the mechanism involved in heat-induced damage to panicle development and spikelet formation in rice cultivars that differ in heat tolerance. Transcriptome data from developing panicles grown at 40 °C or 32 °C were compared for two rice cultivars: heat-tolerant Huanghuazhan and heat-susceptible IR36. Of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 4,070 heat stress-responsive genes were identified, including 1,688 heat-resistant-cultivar-related genes (RHR), 707 heat-susceptible-cultivar-related genes (SHR), and 1,675 common heat stress-responsive genes (CHR). A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the DEGs in the RHR category were significantly enriched in 54 gene ontology terms, some of which improved heat tolerance, including those in the WRKY, HD-ZIP, ERF, and MADS transcription factor families. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs in the RHR and SHR categories were enriched in 15 and 11 significant metabolic pathways, respectively. Improved signal transduction capabilities of endogenous hormones under high temperature seemed to promote heat tolerance, while impaired starch and sucrose metabolism under high temperature might have inhibited young panicle development. Our transcriptome analysis provides insights into the different molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in developing rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongtao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huizhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Defeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Inistitute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Khan A, Pan X, Najeeb U, Tan DKY, Fahad S, Zahoor R, Luo H. Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness. Biol Res 2018; 51:47. [PMID: 30428929 PMCID: PMC6234603 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and associated climatic variability is primarily responsible for inducing heat waves, flooding and drought stress. Among these, water scarcity is a major limitation to crop productivity. Water stress can severely reduce crop yield and both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Water availability is a key driver for sustainable cotton production and its limitations can adversely affect physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading towards lint yield reduction. Adaptation of crop husbandry techniques suitable for cotton crop requires a sound understanding of environmental factors, influencing cotton lint yield and fiber quality. Various defense mechanisms e.g. maintenance of membrane stability, carbon fixation rate, hormone regulation, generation of antioxidants and induction of stress proteins have been found play a vital role in plant survival under moisture stress. Plant molecular breeding plays a functional role to ascertain superior genes for important traits and can offer breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. This review highlights drought-induced damage to cotton plants at structural, physiological and molecular levels. It also discusses the opportunities for increasing drought tolerance in cotton either through modern gene editing technology like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9), zinc finger nuclease, molecular breeding as well as through crop management, such as use of appropriate fertilization, growth regulator application and soil amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Khan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Daniel Kean Yuen Tan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000 Shandong China
| | - Rizwan Zahoor
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
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Bielach A, Hrtyan M, Tognetti VB. Plants under Stress: Involvement of Auxin and Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1427. [PMID: 28677656 PMCID: PMC5535918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development are critically influenced by unpredictable abiotic factors. To survive fluctuating changes in their environments, plants have had to develop robust adaptive mechanisms. The dynamic and complementary actions of the auxin and cytokinin pathways regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and their ability to crosstalk makes them ideal candidates for mediating stress-adaptation responses. Other crucial signaling molecules responsible for the tremendous plasticity observed in plant morphology and in response to abiotic stress are reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proper temporal and spatial distribution of ROS and hormone gradients is crucial for plant survival in response to unfavorable environments. In this regard, the convergence of ROS with phytohormone pathways acts as an integrator of external and developmental signals into systemic responses organized to adapt plants to their environments. Auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways have been studied extensively. Nevertheless, we do not yet understand the impact on plant stress tolerance of the sophisticated crosstalk between the two hormones. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of auxin and cytokinin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bielach
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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