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Guan C, Wu B, Ma S, Zhang J, Liu X, Wang H, Zhang J, Gao R, Jiang H, Jia C. Genome-wide characterization of LBD transcription factors in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and the involvement of PvLBD12 in salt tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:735-748. [PMID: 36806743 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PvLBD12 enhanced the salt tolerance by increasing proline accumulation, improving K+ accumulation, and decreasing reactive oxygen species level in switchgrass. Abiotic stresses are the serious factors which limit plant development and productivity and restrict the agricultural economy. It is important, therefore, to understand the mechanism of abiotic tolerance in plants. Lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) proteins as plant-specific transcription factors play important function in plant lateral organ development, plant regeneration, and abiotic stress. In our study, we identify 69 LBD members from switchgrass genome-wide sequences and classify them based on their homology with LBD proteins in Arabidopsis. RT-qPCR showed that PvLBD genes had different expression patterns under abiotic stress conditions, indicating that they play important roles in various stress. PvLBD12 was selected as a candidate gene for further functional analysis because it had the highest expression level under salt stress. Overexpression of PvLBD12 enhanced salt tolerance by altering a wide range of physiological responses (like increased proline accumulation, reduced malondialdehyde production, improved K+ accumulation, and reduced Na+ absorption) in switchgrass. Some stress response genes such as proline biosynthesis gene PvP5CS1, vacuolar Na+(K+)/H+ antiporter gene PvNHX1, two key ROS-scavenging enzyme genes PvCAT and PvSOD were all upregulated in PvLBD12 overexpression lines. Taken together, PvLBD12 plays a pivotal role in response to salt stress by increasing proline accumulation, improving K+ accumulation, reducing Na+ absorption, and decreasing reactive oxygen species level. It will be better to understand the potential biological functions of LBD genes in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guan
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Ecological and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Ecological and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shu Ma
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuan Mingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Ecological and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xuesi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuan Mingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuan Mingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinglei Zhang
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Ecological and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Run Gao
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Ecological and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huixin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan, China.
| | - Chunlin Jia
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Ecological and Horticultural Plant Breeding, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Transcriptomic analysis reveals the mechanism of the alleviation of salt stress by salicylic acid in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 50:3593-3606. [PMID: 36418774 PMCID: PMC10042771 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The growth and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is often affected by the critical salt stress. Salicylic acid (SA) can improve plants’ stress tolerance by promoting growth and regulating ion absorption and transportation.
Methods and results
To uncover the alleviated mechanism of salt stress by SA in pepper, we conducted morphological, physiological, cytological, and transcriptomic analyses under a single SA treatment and NaCl with and without SA pre-treatment for 9 days. Seedlings under NaCl treatment showed yellow shrunken leaves, this tatus were alleviated by NS treatment (NaCl with SA pre-treatment). Compared with plants under NaCl treatment, those in the NS treatment showed reduced lipid peroxidation, and significantly increased contents of chlorophyll and osmotic regulators (proline, soluble sugars). Treatment with SA balanced the Na+/K+ ratio. We conducted transcriptome sequencing and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) contributing to alleviation of salt stress by SA in pepper. Besides photosynthesis related genes, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEGs were enriched in ‘sequence-specific DNA binding’, ‘transcription regulator activity’ and ‘DNA binding transcription factor activity’ by GO terms. And our results showed that TFs, such as MYB, bZIP, BBX, AP2/ERF, NAC, etc., probably make a great contribution in the alleviation of salt stress by SA.
Conclusions
These results reveal that SA can improve plants’ stress tolerance by balancing ion absorption, gene expression and transcriptional regulation, which provide new ideas and resources for subsequent research on the mechanism of salt tolerance in pepper.
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Rahman MU, Zulfiqar S, Raza MA, Ahmad N, Zhang B. Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants through CRISPR Genome Editing. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223590. [PMID: 36429019 PMCID: PMC9688763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental abiotic stresses challenge food security by depressing crop yields often exceeding 50% of their annual production. Different methods, including conventional as well as genomic-assisted breeding, mutagenesis, and genetic engineering have been utilized to enhance stress resilience in several crop species. Plant breeding has been partly successful in developing crop varieties against abiotic stresses owning to the complex genetics of the traits as well as the narrow genetic base in the germplasm. Irrespective of the fact that genetic engineering can transfer gene(s) from any organism(s), transgenic crops have become controversial mainly due to the potential risk of transgene-outcrossing. Consequently, the cultivation of transgenic crops is banned in certain countries, particularly in European countries. In this scenario, the discovery of the CRISPR tool provides a platform for producing transgene-free genetically edited plants-similar to the mutagenized crops that are not extensively regulated such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Thus, the genome-edited plants without a transgene would likely go into the field without any restriction. Here, we focused on the deployment of CRISPR for the successful development of abiotic stress-tolerant crop plants for sustaining crop productivity under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob-ur Rahman
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.-u.R.); (B.Z.)
| | - Sana Zulfiqar
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Raza
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Correspondence: (M.-u.R.); (B.Z.)
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Taratima W, Chomarsa T, Maneerattanarungroj P. Salinity Stress Response of Rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Luem Pua) Calli and Seedlings. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:5616683. [PMID: 35859804 PMCID: PMC9293579 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5616683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity limits plant growth and production. This research investigated a suitable medium for callus induction and plantlet regeneration in the Luem Pua rice cultivar. The effect of salt stress on seedling growth was determined using in vitro culture and soil conditions. An efficient protocol for callus induction has been developed by culture sterilized seeds on the Murashige and Skoog (MS, 1962) medium containing 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) with 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) that resulted in a 100% callus induction. Plantlet regeneration percentage of 49% was recorded on the MS medium containing 4 mg/l BA with 0.5 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) after 4 weeks. For salt stress investigation, the calli were treated on an induction medium containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM), while two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in soil and treated with the same concentration of NaCl for 4 weeks. In vitro culture revealed that callus survival percentage decreased when NaCl concentration increased, similar to soil culture. Seedling growth under salinity treatment also decreased when NaCl concentration increased, while other physiological parameters such as total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, green intensity, and chlorophyll fluorescence under light conditions increased under salinity stress. These changes define the growth and physiological salinity tolerance characteristics of Luem Pua rice calli and seedlings. They can be utilized as a baseline for demand-driven in vitro rice propagation, providing useful information that can be combined with other agronomic features in rice development or breeding programs to improve the flexibility of abiotic stress-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worasitikulya Taratima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Titirat Chomarsa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Abstract
On the world stage, the increase in temperatures due to global warming is already a reality that has become one of the main challenges faced by the scientific community. Since agriculture is highly dependent on climatic conditions, it may suffer a great impact in the short term if no measures are taken to adapt and mitigate the agricultural system. Plant responses to abiotic stresses have been the subject of research by numerous groups worldwide. Initially, these studies were concentrated on model plants, and, later, they expanded their studies in several economically important crops such as rice, corn, soybeans, coffee, and others. However, agronomic evaluations for the launching of cultivars and the classical genetic improvement process focus, above all, on productivity, historically leaving factors such as tolerance to abiotic stresses in the background. Considering the importance of the impact that abiotic stresses can have on agriculture in the short term, new strategies are currently being sought and adopted in breeding programs to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to environmental disturbances in plants of agronomic interest, thus ensuring the world food security. Moreover, integration of these approaches is bringing new insights on breeding. We will discuss how water deficit, high temperatures, and salinity exert effects on plants.
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The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.
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De novo transcriptome in roots of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) reveals gene expression dynamic and act network under alkaline salt stress. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:82. [PMID: 33509088 PMCID: PMC7841905 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soil salinization is a major limiting factor for crop cultivation. Switchgrass is a perennial rhizomatous bunchgrass that is considered an ideal plant for marginal lands, including sites with saline soil. Here we investigated the physiological responses and transcriptome changes in the roots of Alamo (alkaline-tolerant genotype) and AM-314/MS-155 (alkaline-sensitive genotype) under alkaline salt stress. Results Alkaline salt stress significantly affected the membrane, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant systems in switchgrass roots, and the ASTTI values between Alamo and AM-314/MS-155 were divergent at different time points. A total of 108,319 unigenes were obtained after reassembly, including 73,636 unigenes in AM-314/MS-155 and 65,492 unigenes in Alamo. A total of 10,219 DEGs were identified, and the number of upregulated genes in Alamo was much greater than that in AM-314/MS-155 in both the early and late stages of alkaline salt stress. The DEGs in AM-314/MS-155 were mainly concentrated in the early stage, while Alamo showed greater advantages in the late stage. These DEGs were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen interactions, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways. We characterized 1480 TF genes into 64 TF families, and the most abundant TF family was the C2H2 family, followed by the bZIP and bHLH families. A total of 1718 PKs were predicted, including CaMK, CDPK, MAPK and RLK. WGCNA revealed that the DEGs in the blue, brown, dark magenta and light steel blue 1 modules were associated with the physiological changes in roots of switchgrass under alkaline salt stress. The consistency between the qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq results confirmed the reliability of the RNA-seq sequencing data. A molecular regulatory network of the switchgrass response to alkaline salt stress was preliminarily constructed on the basis of transcriptional regulation and functional genes. Conclusions Alkaline salt tolerance of switchgrass may be achieved by the regulation of ion homeostasis, transport proteins, detoxification, heat shock proteins, dehydration and sugar metabolism. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of gene expression dynamic and act network induced by alkaline salt stress in two switchgrass genotypes and contribute to the understanding of the alkaline salt tolerance mechanism of switchgrass and the improvement of switchgrass germplasm. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07368-w.
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Kumar R, Masthigowda MH, Kaur A, Bhusal N, Pandey A, Kumar S, Mishra C, Singh G, Singh GP. Identification and characterization of multiple abiotic stress tolerance genes in wheat. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8629-8643. [PMID: 33068231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is produced worldwide over six continents with the European Union, China, India, Russia, and the United States as major producer countries. The productivity was recorded 749 million tons by harvesting from 220-million-hectare land. It is the need of the hour to develop stress-tolerant wheat varieties to enhance the productivity by 60% to provide food security to 9.6 billion-world population by 2050. Although the genotypes have been identified for heat, drought and salt tolerance, their underlying mechanism for tolerance is poorly understood. The detailed understanding of the mechanism and identification of critical factors participating in multiple abiotic stress tolerance is essential. In the present study, the contrasting wheat genotypes were intensely characterized and assessed for the expression of different stress responsive genes under lab conditions. The expression analysis revealed that SHN1, DREB6, NHX2 and AVP1 were found to be highly induced under heat, salt and drought stresses in wheat. Thus, these genes can be used as signature genes to identify the multiple stress-tolerant varieties in the breeding program. The novel variants of these genes can be targeted through breeding or genetic engineering or genome editing strategies to develop multiple abiotic stress tolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | | | - Amandeep Kaur
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Nabin Bhusal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Ankita Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
- Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Chandranath Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Gyanendra Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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Liu Y, Li D, Yan J, Wang K, Luo H, Zhang W. MiR319 mediated salt tolerance by ethylene. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2370-2383. [PMID: 31094071 PMCID: PMC6835123 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Salinity-induced accumulation of certain microRNAs accompanied by gaseous phytohormone ethylene production has been recognized as a mechanism of plant salt tolerance. MicroRNA319 (miR319) has been characterized as an important player in abiotic stress resistance in some C3 plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. However, its role in the dedicated biomass plant switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a C4 plant, has not been reported. Here, we show crosstalk between miR319 and ethylene (ET) for increasing salt tolerance. By overexpressing Osa-MIR319b and a target mimicry form of miR319 (MIM319), we showed that miR319 positively regulated ET synthesis and salt tolerance in switchgrass. By experimental treatments, we demonstrated that ET-mediated salt tolerance in switchgrass was dose-dependent, and miR319 regulated the switchgrass salt response by fine-tuning ET synthesis. Further experiments showed that the repression of a miR319 target, PvPCF5, in switchgrass also led to enhanced ethylene accumulation and salt tolerance in transgenic plants. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis demonstrated that overexpression of miR319 (OE-miR319) down-regulated the expression of key genes in the methionine (Met) cycle but promoted the expression of genes in ethylene synthesis. The results enrich our understanding of the synergistic effects of the miR319-PvPCF5 module and ethylene synthesis in the salt tolerance of switchgrass, a C4 bioenergy plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Liu
- Department of Grassland ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dayong Li
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC)Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesNational Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Yan
- Department of Grassland ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Grassland ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and BiochemistryClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Department of Grassland ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB)China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Effect of salt stress on the genes expression of the vacuolar H + -pyrophosphatase and Na +/H + antiporter in Rubia tinctorum. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:235-245. [PMID: 31617029 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Salinity which covers vast areas of the world is increasing every year. But some plants like madder can grow in these areas. Madder (Rubia tinctorum) is a perennial plant species from the Rubiaceae family. In this study, madder plants were first treated by different concentration of NaCl (100, 200, 300, and 400 mM). Then gene expression of salinity stress was studied. For gene study, vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase pump (AVP) and tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporters (NHX) from madder plant were isolated and sequenced. Analyzing protein sequences of these genes demonstrated that the protein sequences have high similarity with the same genes in other plants. Constructing phylogenetic trees based on the protein sequences of the AVP and NHX genes, we found high similarity with Coffea arabica and Capsicum annuum, respectively. Studying gene expression of the AVP and NHX under the condition of salt stress revealed that the genes were up-regulated, which continues up to 400 mM of salt concentration.
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Seifikalhor M, Aliniaeifard S, Shomali A, Azad N, Hassani B, Lastochkina O, Li T. Calcium signaling and salt tolerance are diversely entwined in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1665455. [PMID: 31564206 PMCID: PMC6804723 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1665455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants dehydration imposed by salinity can invoke physical changes at the interface of the plasma membrane and cell wall. Changes in hydrostatic pressure activate ion channels and cause depolarization of the plasma membrane due to disturbance in ion transport. During the initial phases of salinity stress, the relatively high osmotic potential of the rhizosphere enforces the plant to use a diverse spectrum of strategies to optimize water and nutrient uptake. Signals of salt stress are recognized by specific root receptors that activate an osmosensing network. Plant response to hyperosmotic tension is closely linked to the calcium (Ca2+) channels and interacting proteins such as calmodulin. A rapid rise in cytosolic Ca2+ levels occurs within seconds of exposure to salt stress. Plants employ multiple sensors and signaling components to sense and respond to salinity stress, of which most are closely related to Ca2+ sensing and signaling. Several tolerance strategies such as osmoprotectant accumulation, antioxidant boosting, polyaminses and nitric oxide (NO) machineries are also coordinated by Ca2+ signaling. Substantial research has been done to discover the salt stress pathway and tolerance mechanism in plants, resulting in new insights into the perception of salt stress and the downstream signaling that happens in response. Nevertheless, the role of multifunctional components such as Ca2+ has not been sufficiently addressed in the context of salt stress. In this review, we elaborate that the salt tolerance signaling pathway converges with Ca2+ signaling in diverse pathways. We summarize knowledge related to different dimensions of salt stress signaling pathways in the cell by emphasizing the administrative role of Ca2+ signaling on salt perception, signaling, gene expression, ion homeostasis and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seifikalhor
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Shomali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Azad
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Hassani
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa, Russia
- Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Tao Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Mushke R, Yarra R, Kirti PB. Improved salinity tolerance and growth performance in transgenic sunflower plants via ectopic expression of a wheat antiporter gene (TaNHX2). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5941-5953. [PMID: 31401779 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus. L) is one of the principal oil seed crops affected by the salinity stress, which limits the oil content and crop yield of sunflower plants. The acclimatization of plants to abiotic stresses such as salinity tolerance is mainly mediated by the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporters (NHX) by tagging Na+ into vacuoles from the cytosol. We show here that the over-expression of wheat TaNHX2 gene in transgenic sunflower conferred improved salinity stress tolerance and growth performance. Transgenic sunflower plants were produced by infecting the embryonic axis ex-plants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 containing a pBin438-TaNHX2 binary vector that carried a wheat antiporter (TaNHX2) gene under the control of a double CaMV 35S promoter with NPT II gene as a selectable marker. PCR analysis of T0 and T1 transgenic plants confirmed the integration of TaNHX2 in sunflower genome. Stable integration and expression of TaNHX2 in sunflower genome was further verified by Southern hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses. As compared to the non-transformed plants, TaNHX2 expressing transgenic plants showed better growth performance and accumulated higher Na+, K+ contents in leaves and roots under salt stress (200 mM NaCl). Transgenic sunflower plants displayed improved protection against cell damage exhibiting stable relative water content, chlorophyll content, increased proline accumulation and improved reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging because of higher activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, along with decreased production of hydrogen peroxide, free oxygen radical and malondialdehyde (MDA) under salt stress (200 mM NaCl). Taken together, our findings suggest that TaNHX2 expression in sunflower plants contributed towards improving growth performance under sodium chloride stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Mushke
- Aegis Agro Chemical India Pvt Ltd, Plot No: B 11/1, Industrial Developmental Area, Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500039, India
| | - Rajesh Yarra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500049, India.
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500049, India
- Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa-Samsthipur, Bihar, India
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Zuo C, Tang Y, Fu H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao B, Xu Y. Elucidation and analyses of the regulatory networks of upland and lowland ecotypes of switchgrass in response to drought and salt stresses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204426. [PMID: 30248119 PMCID: PMC6152977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Switchgrass is an important bioenergy crop typically grown in marginal lands, where the plants must often deal with abiotic stresses such as drought and salt. Alamo is known to be more tolerant to both stress types than Dacotah, two ecotypes of switchgrass. Understanding of their stress response and adaptation programs can have important implications to engineering more stress tolerant plants. We present here a computational study by analyzing time-course transcriptomic data of the two ecotypes to elucidate and compare their regulatory systems in response to drought and salt stresses. A total of 1,693 genes (target genes or TGs) are found to be differentially expressed and possibly regulated by 143 transcription factors (TFs) in response to drought stress together in the two ecotypes. Similarly, 1,535 TGs regulated by 110 TFs are identified to be involved in response to salt stress. Two regulatory networks are constructed to predict their regulatory relationships. In addition, a time-dependent hidden Markov model is derived for each ecotype responding to each stress type, to provide a dynamic view of how each regulatory network changes its behavior over time. A few new insights about the response mechanisms are predicted from the regulatory networks and the time-dependent models. Comparative analyses between the network models of the two ecotypes reveal key commonalities and main differences between the two regulatory systems. Overall, our results provide new information about the complex regulatory mechanisms of switchgrass responding to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunman Zuo
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Noble Research Institute, LLC., Ardmore, OK, United States of America
| | - Hao Fu
- North Automatic Control Technology Institute, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Pelot KA, Chen R, Hagelthorn DM, Young CA, Addison JB, Muchlinski A, Tholl D, Zerbe P. Functional Diversity of Diterpene Synthases in the Biofuel Crop Switchgrass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:54-71. [PMID: 30008447 PMCID: PMC6130043 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenoids constitute a diverse class of metabolites with critical functions in plant development, defense, and ecological adaptation. Major monocot crops, such as maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), deploy diverse blends of specialized diterpenoids as core components of biotic and abiotic stress resilience. Here, we describe the genome-wide identification and functional characterization of stress-related diterpene synthases (diTPSs) in the dedicated bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Mining of the allotetraploid switchgrass genome identified an expansive diTPS family of 31 members, and biochemical analysis of 11 diTPSs revealed a modular metabolic network producing a diverse array of diterpenoid metabolites. In addition to ent-copalyl diphosphate (CPP) and ent-kaurene synthases predictably involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, we identified syn-CPP and ent-labda-13-en-8-ol diphosphate (LPP) synthases as well as two diTPSs forming (+)-labda-8,13E-dienyl diphosphate (8,13-CPP) and ent-neo-cis-trans-clerodienyl diphosphate (CT-CLPP) scaffolds not observed previously in plants. Structure-guided mutagenesis of the (+)-8,13-CPP and ent-neo-CT-CLPP synthases revealed residue substitutions in the active sites that altered product outcome, representing potential neofunctionalization events that occurred during diversification of the switchgrass diTPS family. The conversion of ent-CPP, ent-LPP, syn-CPP, and ent-neo-CT-CLPP by promiscuous diTPSs further yielded distinct labdane-type diterpene olefins and alcohols. Of these metabolites, the formation of 9β-hydroxy-syn-pimar-15-ene and the expression of the corresponding genes were induced in roots and leaves in response to oxidative stress and ultraviolet irradiation, indicating their possible roles in abiotic stress adaptation. Together, these findings expand the known chemical space of diterpenoid metabolism in monocot crops toward systematically investigating and ultimately improving stress resilience traits in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Pelot
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - David M Hagelthorn
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Cari A Young
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Bennett Addison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Andrew Muchlinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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15
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Liu W, Mazarei M, Ye R, Peng Y, Shao Y, Baxter HL, Sykes RW, Turner GB, Davis MF, Wang ZY, Dixon RA, Stewart CN. Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) promoters for green tissue-specific expression of the MYB4 transcription factor for reduced-recalcitrance transgenic switchgrass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:122. [PMID: 29713381 PMCID: PMC5914048 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic engineering of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for reduced cell wall recalcitrance and improved biofuel production has been a long pursued goal. Up to now, constitutive promoters have been used to direct the expression of cell wall biosynthesis genes toward attaining that goal. While generally sufficient to gauge a transgene's effects in the heterologous host, constitutive overexpression often leads to undesirable plant phenotypic effects. Green tissue-specific promoters from switchgrass are potentially valuable to directly alter cell wall traits exclusively in harvestable aboveground biomass while not changing root phenotypes. RESULTS We identified and functionally characterized three switchgrass green tissue-specific promoters and assessed marker gene expression patterns and intensity in stably transformed rice (Oryza sativa L.), and then used them to direct the expression of the switchgrass MYB4 (PvMYB4) transcription factor gene in transgenic switchgrass to endow reduced recalcitrance in aboveground biomass. These promoters correspond to photosynthesis-related light-harvesting complex II chlorophyll-a/b binding gene (PvLhcb), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PvPEPC), and the photosystem II 10 kDa R subunit (PvPsbR). Real-time RT-PCR analysis detected their strong expression in the aboveground tissues including leaf blades, leaf sheaths, internodes, inflorescences, and nodes of switchgrass, which was tightly up-regulated by light. Stable transgenic rice expressing the GUS reporter under the control of each promoter (756-2005 bp in length) further confirmed their strong expression patterns in leaves and stems. With the exception of the serial promoter deletions of PvLhcb, all GUS marker patterns under the control of each 5'-end serial promoter deletion were not different from that conveyed by their respective promoters. All of the shortest promoter fragments (199-275 bp in length) conveyed strong green tissue-specific GUS expression in transgenic rice. PvMYB4 is a master repressor of lignin biosynthesis. The green tissue-specific expression of PvMYB4 via each promoter in transgenic switchgrass led to significant gains in saccharification efficiency, decreased lignin, and decreased S/G lignin ratios. In contrast to constitutive overexpression of PvMYB4, which negatively impacts switchgrass root growth, plant growth was not compromised in green tissue-expressed PvMYB4 switchgrass plants in the current study. CONCLUSIONS Each of the newly described green tissue-specific promoters from switchgrass has utility to change cell wall biosynthesis exclusively in aboveground harvestable biomass without altering root systems. The truncated green tissue promoters are very short and should be useful for targeted expression in a number of monocots to improve shoot traits while restricting gene expression from roots. Green tissue-specific expression of PvMYB4 is an effective strategy for improvement of transgenic feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Rongjian Ye
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Holly L. Baxter
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Robert W. Sykes
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Geoffrey B. Turner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Mark F. Davis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Richard A. Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
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Huang Y, Cui X, Cen H, Wang K, Zhang Y. Transcriptomic analysis reveals vacuolar Na + (K +)/H + antiporter gene contributing to growth, development, and defense in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:57. [PMID: 29631566 PMCID: PMC5892015 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular Na+ (K+)/H+ antiporters (NHXs) have pivotal functions in regulating plant growth, development, and resistance to a range of stresses. To gain insight into the molecular events underlying their actions in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), we analyzed transcriptomic changes between PvNHX1-overexpression transgenic lines and wild-type (WT) plants using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. RESULTS The comparison of transcriptomic data from the WT and transgenic plants revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the latter. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses showed that these DEGs were associated with a wide range of functions, and participated in many biological processes. For example, we found that PvNHX1 had an important role in plant growth through its regulation of photosynthetic activity and cell expansion. In addition, PvNHX1 regulated K+ homeostasis, cell expansion and pollen development, indicating that it has unique and specific roles in flower development. We also found that transgenic switchgrass exhibited a higher level of transcription of defense-related genes, especially those involved in disease resistance. CONCLUSION We showed that PvNHX1 had an important role in plant growth and development through its regulation of photosynthetic activity, cell expansion, K+ homeostasis, and pollen development. Additionally, PvNHX1 overexpression activated a complex signal transduction network in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In relation to plant growth, development, and defense responses, PvNHX1 also had a vital regulatory role in the formation of a series of plant hormones and transcription factors (TFs). The reliability of the RNA-seq data was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Our data provide a valuable foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles of NHXs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Huang
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifang Cen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kehua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Kumar S, Kalita A, Srivastava R, Sahoo L. Co-expression of Arabidopsis NHX1 and bar Improves the Tolerance to Salinity, Oxidative Stress, and Herbicide in Transgenic Mungbean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1896. [PMID: 29163616 PMCID: PMC5673651 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mungbean is an important pulse crop extensively cultivated in Southeast Asia for supply of easily digestible protein. Salinity severely limits the growth and productivity of mungbean, and weeding poses nutritional and disease constraints to mungbean cultivation. To pyramid both salt tolerance and protection against herbicide in mungbean, the AtNHX1 encoding tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter from Arabidopsis, and bar gene associated with herbicide resistance were co-expressed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Stress inducible expression of AtNHX1 significantly improved tolerance under salt stress to ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stresses in transgenic mungbean plants compared to the wild type (WT) plants, whereas constitutive expression of bar provided resistance to herbicide. Compared to WT, transgenic mungbean plants grew better with higher plant height, foliage, dry mass and seed yield under high salt stress (200 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse. The improved performance of transgenic plants under salt stress was associated with enhanced sequestration of Na+ in roots by vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter and limited transport of toxic Na+ to shoots, possibly by restricting Na+ influx into shoots. Transgenic plants showed better intracellular ion homeostasis, osmoregulation, reduced cell membrane damage, improved photosynthetic capacity, and transpiration rate as compared to WT when subjected to salt stress. Reduction in hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radical production indicated enhanced protection of transgenic plants to both salt- and methyl vialogen (MV)-induced oxidative stress. This study laid a firm foundation for improving mungbean yield in saline lands in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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