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He D, Guo T, Peng C, Li J, Wang F. Foliar application of lanthanum promotes growth and phytoremediation potential Solanum nigrum L. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117259. [PMID: 36764191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hormetic effect of rare earth elements (REEs) has been found in a variety of crops and has been promoting crop growth for decades. Spraying leaves with REEs can enhance the endocytosis of plant roots. The non-selectivity of endocytosis is conducive to the direct absorption of environmental pollutants. The hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. (S. nigrum), as a plant with high biomass and heavy metal tolerance, is a good candidate for phytoremediation. La(III), as a typical light REE, also has an obvious hormetic effect on S. nigrum. At 10 μM La(III), the biomass of S. nigrum reached the maximum, which was 89% greater than the control, and La(III) concentration was much lower than the previously reported optimum of 56 μM for general plants. In the present study, enhanced endocytosis after foliar spraying of La(III) was firstly observed in the root cell of hyperaccumulation plants, and La(III) increased the biomass of S. nigrum by improving the photosynthetic system, and promoting nutrient uptake and root development. The antioxidant defense system improved by La(III) contributed to the tolerance of S. nigrum to heavy metals. Applying a reasonable range of La(III) is beneficial to improving S. nigrum growth and tolerance of heavy metals. Compared with spraying deionized water, the translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor value of S. nigrum to cadmium increased by 15% and 21% respectively when spraying 10 μM La(III). Our findings provide a reference for improving hyperaccumulator plant growth and biomass, which improves phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ting Guo
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Chunqing Peng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jining Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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2
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Exocytosis of the silicified cell wall of diatoms involves extensive membrane disintegration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:480. [PMID: 36717559 PMCID: PMC9886994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular algae characterized by silica cell walls. These silica elements are known to be formed intracellularly in membrane-bound silica deposition vesicles and exocytosed after completion. How diatoms maintain membrane homeostasis during the exocytosis of these large and rigid silica elements remains unknown. Here we study the membrane dynamics during cell wall formation and exocytosis in two model diatom species, using live-cell confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. Our results show that during its formation, the mineral phase is in tight association with the silica deposition vesicle membranes, which form a precise mold of the delicate geometrical patterns. We find that during exocytosis, the distal silica deposition vesicle membrane and the plasma membrane gradually detach from the mineral and disintegrate in the extracellular space, without any noticeable endocytic retrieval or extracellular repurposing. We demonstrate that within the cell, the proximal silica deposition vesicle membrane becomes the new barrier between the cell and its environment, and assumes the role of a new plasma membrane. These results provide direct structural observations of diatom silica exocytosis, and point to an extraordinary mechanism in which membrane homeostasis is maintained by discarding, rather than recycling, significant membrane patches.
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3
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Wang Y, Yan X, Xu M, Qi W, Shi C, Li X, Ma J, Tian D, Shou J, Wu H, Pan J, Li B, Wang C. Transmembrane kinase 1-mediated auxin signal regulates membrane-associated clathrin in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:82-99. [PMID: 36114789 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major endocytic pathway in eukaryotic cells that directly regulates abundance of plasma membrane proteins. Clathrin triskelia are composed of clathrin heavy chains (CHCs) and light chains (CLCs), and the phytohormone auxin differentially regulates membrane-associated CLCs and CHCs, modulating the endocytosis and therefore the distribution of auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2). However, the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulates clathrin are still poorly understood. Transmembrane kinase (TMKs) family proteins are considered to contribute to auxin signaling and plant development; it remains unclear whether they are involved in PIN transport by CME. We assessed TMKs involvement in the regulation of clathrin by auxin, using genetic, pharmacological, and cytological approaches including live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence. In tmk1 mutant seedlings, auxin failed to rapidly regulate abundance of both CHC and CLC and to inhibit PIN2 endocytosis, leading to an impaired asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and therefore auxin. Furthermore, TMK3 and TMK4 were shown not to be involved in regulation of clathrin by auxin. In summary, TMK1 is essential for auxin-regulated clathrin recruitment and CME. TMK1 therefore plays a critical role in the establishment of an asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and an auxin gradient during root gravitropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Weiyang Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chunjie Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianxin Shou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
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4
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Grones P, De Meyer A, Pleskot R, Mylle E, Kraus M, Vandorpe M, Yperman K, Eeckhout D, Dragwidge JM, Jiang Q, Nolf J, Pavie B, De Jaeger G, De Rybel B, Van Damme D. The endocytic TPLATE complex internalizes ubiquitinated plasma membrane cargo. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1467-1483. [PMID: 36456802 PMCID: PMC7613989 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis controls the perception of stimuli by modulating protein abundance at the plasma membrane. In plants, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the most prominent internalization pathway and relies on two multimeric adaptor complexes, the AP-2 and the TPLATE complex (TPC). Ubiquitination is a well-established modification triggering endocytosis of cargo proteins, but how this modification is recognized to initiate the endocytic event remains elusive. Here we show that TASH3, one of the large subunits of TPC, recognizes ubiquitinated cargo at the plasma membrane via its SH3 domain-containing appendage. TASH3 lacking this evolutionary specific appendage modification allows TPC formation but the plants show severely reduced endocytic densities, which correlates with reduced endocytic flux. Moreover, comparative plasma membrane proteomics identified differential accumulation of multiple ubiquitinated cargo proteins for which we confirm altered trafficking. Our findings position TPC as a key player for ubiquitinated cargo internalization, allowing future identification of target proteins under specific stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Grones
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andreas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Kraus
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Vandorpe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaas Yperman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Michael Dragwidge
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qihang Jiang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonah Nolf
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- BioImaging Core, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Osorio-Navarro C, Toledo J, Norambuena L. Sucrose targets clathrin-mediated endocytosis kinetics supporting cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987191. [PMID: 36330253 PMCID: PMC9623095 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is a central regulator of plant growth and development, coordinating cell division and cell elongation according to the energy status of plants. Sucrose is known to stimulate bulk endocytosis in cultured cells; however, its physiological role has not been described to date. Our work shows that sucrose supplementation induces root cell elongation and endocytosis. Sucrose targets clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in epidermal cells. Its presence decreases the abundance of both the clathrin coating complex and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate at the plasma membrane, while increasing clathrin complex abundance in intracellular spaces. Sucrose decreases the plasma membrane residence time of the clathrin complex, indicating that it controls the kinetics of endocytic vesicle formation and internalization. CME regulation by sucrose is inducible and reversible; this on/off mechanism reveals an endocytosis-mediated mechanism for sensing plant energy status and signaling root elongation. The sucrose monosaccharide fructose also induces CME, while glucose and mannitol have no effect, demonstrating the specificity of the process. Overall, our data show that sucrose can mediate CME, which demonstrates that sucrose signaling for plant growth and development is dependent on endomembrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Osorio-Navarro
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Red de Equipamiento Científico Avanzado (REDECA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Norambuena
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Dahhan DA, Bednarek SY. Advances in structural, spatial, and temporal mechanics of plant endocytosis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2269-2287. [PMID: 35674447 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking underlies processes essential for plant growth and development, including the perception of and response to abiotic and extracellular stimuli, post-Golgi and exocytic trafficking, and cytokinesis. Protein adaptors and regulatory factors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis that contribute to the formation of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles are evolutionarily conserved. Yet, work of the last ten years has identified differences between the endocytic mechanisms of plants and Opisthokonts involving the endocytic adaptor TPLATE complex, the requirement of actin during CME, and the function of clathrin-independent endocytosis in the uptake of plant-specific plasma membrane proteins. Here, we review clathrin-mediated and -independent pathways in plants and describe recent advances enabled by new proteomic and imaging methods, and conditional perturbation of endocytosis. In addition, we summarize the formation and trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles based on temporal and structural data garnered from high-resolution quantitative imaging studies. Finally, new information about the cross-talk between endocytosis and other endomembrane trafficking pathways and organelles will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Dahhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Colin L, Martin-Arevalillo R, Bovio S, Bauer A, Vernoux T, Caillaud MC, Landrein B, Jaillais Y. Imaging the living plant cell: From probes to quantification. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:247-272. [PMID: 34586412 PMCID: PMC8774089 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At the center of cell biology is our ability to image the cell and its various components, either in isolation or within an organism. Given its importance, biological imaging has emerged as a field of its own, which is inherently highly interdisciplinary. Indeed, biologists rely on physicists and engineers to build new microscopes and imaging techniques, chemists to develop better imaging probes, and mathematicians and computer scientists for image analysis and quantification. Live imaging collectively involves all the techniques aimed at imaging live samples. It is a rapidly evolving field, with countless new techniques, probes, and dyes being continuously developed. Some of these new methods or reagents are readily amenable to image plant samples, while others are not and require specific modifications for the plant field. Here, we review some recent advances in live imaging of plant cells. In particular, we discuss the solutions that plant biologists use to live image membrane-bound organelles, cytoskeleton components, hormones, and the mechanical properties of cells or tissues. We not only consider the imaging techniques per se, but also how the construction of new fluorescent probes and analysis pipelines are driving the field of plant cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia Colin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Raquel Martin-Arevalillo
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Simone Bovio
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
- LYMIC-PLATIM imaging and microscopy core facility, Univ Lyon, SFR Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, Inserm US8, CNRS UMS3444, UCBL-50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Bauer
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Landrein
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
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8
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Shin J, Nile A, Oh JW. Role of adaptin protein complexes in intracellular trafficking and their impact on diseases. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8259-8278. [PMID: 34565296 PMCID: PMC8806629 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptin proteins (APs) play a crucial role in intracellular cell trafficking. The 'classical' role of APs is carried out by AP1‒3, which bind to clathrin, cargo, and accessory proteins. Accordingly, AP1-3 are crucial for both vesicle formation and sorting. All APs consist of four subunits that are indispensable for their functions. In fact, based on studies using cells, model organism knockdown/knock-out, and human variants, each subunit plays crucial roles and contributes to the specificity of each AP. These studies also revealed that the sorting and intracellular trafficking function of AP can exert varying effects on pathology by controlling features such as cell development, signal transduction related to the apoptosis and proliferation pathways in cancer cells, organelle integrity, receptor presentation, and viral infection. Although the roles and functions of AP1‒3 are relatively well studied, the functions of the less abundant and more recently identified APs, AP4 and AP5, are still to be investigated. Further studies on these APs may enable a better understanding and targeting of specific diseases.APs known or suggested locations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Sadoine M, Ishikawa Y, Kleist TJ, Wudick MM, Nakamura M, Grossmann G, Frommer WB, Ho CH. Designs, applications, and limitations of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors to explore plant biology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:485-503. [PMID: 35237822 PMCID: PMC8491070 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of signaling and metabolic processes in multicellular organisms requires knowledge of the spatial dynamics of small molecules and the activities of enzymes, transporters, and other proteins in vivo, as well as biophysical parameters inside cells and across tissues. The cellular distribution of receptors, ligands, and activation state must be integrated with information about the cellular distribution of metabolites in relation to metabolic fluxes and signaling dynamics in order to achieve the promise of in vivo biochemistry. Genetically encoded sensors are engineered fluorescent proteins that have been developed for a wide range of small molecules, such as ions and metabolites, or to report biophysical processes, such as transmembrane voltage or tension. First steps have been taken to monitor the activity of transporters in vivo. Advancements in imaging technologies and specimen handling and stimulation have enabled researchers in plant sciences to implement sensor technologies in intact plants. Here, we provide a brief history of the development of genetically encoded sensors and an overview of the types of sensors available for quantifying and visualizing ion and metabolite distribution and dynamics. We further discuss the pros and cons of specific sensor designs, imaging systems, and sample manipulations, provide advice on the choice of technology, and give an outlook into future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Sadoine
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Yuuma Ishikawa
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Thomas J. Kleist
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Michael M. Wudick
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Masayoshi Nakamura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Wolf B. Frommer
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Author for communication:
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10
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Stelate A, Tihlaříková E, Schwarzerová K, Neděla V, Petrášek J. Correlative Light-Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy of Plasma Membrane Efflux Carriers of Plant Hormone Auxin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1407. [PMID: 34680040 PMCID: PMC8533460 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence light microscopy provided convincing evidence for the domain organization of plant plasma membrane (PM) proteins. Both peripheral and integral PM proteins show an inhomogeneous distribution within the PM. However, the size of PM nanodomains and protein clusters is too small to accurately determine their dimensions and nano-organization using routine confocal fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution methods. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel correlative light electron microscopy method (CLEM) using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and advanced environmental scanning electron microscopy (A-ESEM). Using this technique, we determined the number of auxin efflux carriers from the PINFORMED (PIN) family (NtPIN3b-GFP) within PM nanodomains of tobacco cell PM ghosts. Protoplasts were attached to coverslips and immunostained with anti-GFP primary antibody and secondary antibody conjugated to fluorochrome and gold nanoparticles. After imaging the nanodomains within the PM with TIRFM, the samples were imaged with A-ESEM without further processing, and quantification of the average number of molecules within the nanodomain was performed. Without requiring any post-fixation and coating procedures, this method allows to study details of the organization of auxin carriers and other plant PM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Stelate
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Eva Tihlaříková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (V.N.)
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (V.N.)
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.S.)
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11
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Narasimhan M, Gallei M, Tan S, Johnson A, Verstraeten I, Li L, Rodriguez L, Han H, Himschoot E, Wang R, Vanneste S, Sánchez-Simarro J, Aniento F, Adamowski M, Friml J. Systematic analysis of specific and nonspecific auxin effects on endocytosis and trafficking. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1122-1142. [PMID: 33734402 PMCID: PMC8195513 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin and its directional transport through tissues are intensively studied. However, a mechanistic understanding of auxin-mediated feedback on endocytosis and polar distribution of PIN auxin transporters remains limited due to contradictory observations and interpretations. Here, we used state-of-the-art methods to reexamine the auxin effects on PIN endocytic trafficking. We used high auxin concentrations or longer treatments versus lower concentrations and shorter treatments of natural indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and synthetic naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) auxins to distinguish between specific and nonspecific effects. Longer treatments of both auxins interfere with Brefeldin A-mediated intracellular PIN2 accumulation and also with general aggregation of endomembrane compartments. NAA treatment decreased the internalization of the endocytic tracer dye, FM4-64; however, NAA treatment also affected the number, distribution, and compartment identity of the early endosome/trans-Golgi network, rendering the FM4-64 endocytic assays at high NAA concentrations unreliable. To circumvent these nonspecific effects of NAA and IAA affecting the endomembrane system, we opted for alternative approaches visualizing the endocytic events directly at the plasma membrane (PM). Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we saw no significant effects of IAA or NAA treatments on the incidence and dynamics of clathrin foci, implying that these treatments do not affect the overall endocytosis rate. However, both NAA and IAA at low concentrations rapidly and specifically promoted endocytosis of photo-converted PIN2 from the PM. These analyses identify a specific effect of NAA and IAA on PIN2 endocytosis, thus, contributing to its polarity maintenance and furthermore illustrate that high auxin levels have nonspecific effects on trafficking and endomembrane compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Gallei
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Lanxin Li
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Lesia Rodriguez
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Huibin Han
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Ellie Himschoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Judit Sánchez-Simarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Fernando Aniento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maciek Adamowski
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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12
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Fratini M, Krishnamoorthy P, Stenzel I, Riechmann M, Matzner M, Bacia K, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Plasma membrane nano-organization specifies phosphoinositide effects on Rho-GTPases and actin dynamics in tobacco pollen tubes. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:642-670. [PMID: 33955493 PMCID: PMC8136918 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth requires coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and apical secretion. The regulatory phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is enriched in the subapical plasma membrane of pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and can influence both actin dynamics and secretion. How alternative PtdIns(4,5)P2 effects are specified is unclear. In tobacco pollen tubes, spinning disc microscopy (SD) reveals dual distribution of a fluorescent PtdIns(4,5)P2-reporter in dynamic plasma membrane nanodomains vs. apparent diffuse membrane labeling, consistent with spatially distinct coexisting pools of PtdIns(4,5)P2. Several PI4P 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) can generate PtdIns(4,5)P2 in pollen tubes. Despite localizing to one membrane region, the PIP5Ks AtPIP5K2-EYFP and NtPIP5K6-EYFP display distinctive overexpression effects on cell morphologies, respectively related to altered actin dynamics or membrane trafficking. When analyzed by SD, AtPIP5K2-EYFP associated with nanodomains, whereas NtPIP5K6-EYFP localized diffusely. Chimeric AtPIP5K2-EYFP and NtPIP5K6-EYFP variants with reciprocally swapped membrane-associating domains evoked reciprocally shifted effects on cell morphology upon overexpression. Overall, active PI4P 5-kinase variants stabilized actin when targeted to nanodomains, suggesting a role of nanodomain-associated PtdIns(4,5)P2 in actin regulation. This notion is further supported by interaction and proximity of nanodomain-associated AtPIP5K2 with the Rho-GTPase NtRac5, and by its functional interplay with elements of Rho of plants signaling. Plasma membrane nano-organization may thus aid the specification of PtdIns(4,5)P2 functions to coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fratini
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mara Riechmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Monique Matzner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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13
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Single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy of membrane proteins in living plant tissues. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1600-1628. [PMID: 33627844 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy techniques have pushed the limit of optical imaging to unprecedented spatial resolutions. However, one of the frontiers in nanoscopy is its application to intact living organisms. Here we describe the implementation and application of super-resolution single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy (sptPALM) to probe single-molecule dynamics of membrane proteins in live roots of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We first discuss the advantages and limitations of sptPALM for studying the diffusion properties of membrane proteins and compare this to fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). We describe the technical details for handling and imaging the samples for sptPALM, with a particular emphasis on the specificity of imaging plant cells, such as their thick cell walls or high degree of autofluorescence. We then provide a practical guide from data collection to image analyses. In particular, we introduce our sptPALM_viewer software and describe how to install and use it for analyzing sptPALM experiments. Finally, we report an R statistical analysis pipeline to analyze and compare sptPALM experiments. Altogether, this protocol should enable plant researchers to perform sptPALM using a benchmarked reproducible protocol. Routinely, the procedure takes 3-4 h of imaging followed by 3-4 d of image processing and data analysis.
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14
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Ötvös K, Marconi M, Vega A, O’Brien J, Johnson A, Abualia R, Antonielli L, Montesinos JC, Zhang Y, Tan S, Cuesta C, Artner C, Bouguyon E, Gojon A, Friml J, Gutiérrez RA, Wabnik K, Benková E. Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106862. [PMID: 33399250 PMCID: PMC7849315 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of the essential macronutrient nitrogen in soil plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and impacts agricultural productivity. Plants have evolved different strategies for sensing and responding to heterogeneous nitrogen distribution. Modulation of root system architecture, including primary root growth and branching, is among the most essential plant adaptions to ensure adequate nitrogen acquisition. However, the immediate molecular pathways coordinating the adjustment of root growth in response to distinct nitrogen sources, such as nitrate or ammonium, are poorly understood. Here, we show that growth as manifested by cell division and elongation is synchronized by coordinated auxin flux between two adjacent outer tissue layers of the root. This coordination is achieved by nitrate-dependent dephosphorylation of the PIN2 auxin efflux carrier at a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation site, leading to subsequent PIN2 lateralization and thereby regulating auxin flow between adjacent tissues. A dynamic computer model based on our experimental data successfully recapitulates experimental observations. Our study provides mechanistic insights broadening our understanding of root growth mechanisms in dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Ötvös
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Bioresources UnitCenter for Health & BioresourcesAIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHTullnAustria
| | - Marco Marconi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
| | - Andrea Vega
- Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Jose O’Brien
- Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Rashed Abualia
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Livio Antonielli
- Bioresources UnitCenter for Health & BioresourcesAIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHTullnAustria
| | | | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Candela Cuesta
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Christina Artner
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | | | - Alain Gojon
- BPMPCNRSINRAEInstitut AgroUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Jirí Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | | | - Krzysztof Wabnik
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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15
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Liu D, Kumar R, Claus LAN, Johnson AJ, Siao W, Vanhoutte I, Wang P, Bender KW, Yperman K, Martins S, Zhao X, Vert G, Van Damme D, Friml J, Russinova E. Endocytosis of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 Is Partly Driven by a Canonical Tyr-Based Motif. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3598-3612. [PMID: 32958564 PMCID: PMC7610300 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and its core endocytic machinery are evolutionarily conserved across all eukaryotes. In mammals, the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) sorts plasma membrane (PM) cargoes into vesicles via the recognition of motifs based on Tyr or di-Leu in their cytoplasmic tails. However, in plants, very little is known about how PM proteins are sorted for CME and whether similar motifs are required. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) undergoes endocytosis, which depends on clathrin and AP-2. Here, we demonstrate that BRI1 binds directly to the medium AP-2 subunit (AP2M). The cytoplasmic domain of BRI1 contains five putative canonical surface-exposed Tyr-based endocytic motifs. The Tyr-to-Phe substitution in Y898KAI reduced BRI1 internalization without affecting its kinase activity. Consistently, plants carrying the BRI1Y898F mutation were hypersensitive to BRs. Our study demonstrates that AP-2-dependent internalization of PM proteins via the recognition of functional Tyr motifs also operates in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derui Liu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucas A N Claus
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Wei Siao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vanhoutte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kyle W Bender
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Klaas Yperman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Martins
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Xiuyang Zhao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Johnson A, Gnyliukh N, Kaufmann WA, Narasimhan M, Vert G, Bednarek SY, Friml J. Experimental toolbox for quantitative evaluation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the plant model Arabidopsis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs248062. [PMID: 32616560 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a crucial cellular process implicated in many aspects of plant growth, development, intra- and intercellular signaling, nutrient uptake and pathogen defense. Despite these significant roles, little is known about the precise molecular details of how CME functions in planta To facilitate the direct quantitative study of plant CME, we review current routinely used methods and present refined, standardized quantitative imaging protocols that allow the detailed characterization of CME at multiple scales in plant tissues. These protocols include: (1) an efficient electron microscopy protocol for the imaging of Arabidopsis CME vesicles in situ, thus providing a method for the detailed characterization of the ultrastructure of clathrin-coated vesicles; (2) a detailed protocol and analysis for quantitative live-cell fluorescence microscopy to precisely examine the temporal interplay of endocytosis components during single CME events; (3) a semi-automated analysis to allow the quantitative characterization of global internalization of cargos in whole plant tissues; and (4) an overview and validation of useful genetic and pharmacological tools to interrogate the molecular mechanisms and function of CME in intact plant samples.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nataliia Gnyliukh
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Walter A Kaufmann
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | | | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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17
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Wang J, Mylle E, Johnson A, Besbrugge N, De Jaeger G, Friml J, Pleskot R, Van Damme D. High Temporal Resolution Reveals Simultaneous Plasma Membrane Recruitment of TPLATE Complex Subunits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:986-997. [PMID: 32321842 PMCID: PMC7333705 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The TPLATE complex (TPC) is a key endocytic adaptor protein complex in plants. TPC in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains six evolutionarily conserved subunits and two plant-specific subunits (AtEH1/Pan1 and AtEH2/Pan1) which, although cytoplasmic proteins, are not associated with the hexameric subcomplex in the cytoplasm. To investigate the dynamic assembly of the octameric TPC at the plasma membrane (PM), we performed state-of-the-art dual-color live-cell imaging at physiological and lowered temperatures. Lowering the temperature slowed down endocytosis, thereby enhancing the temporal resolution of the differential recruitment of endocytic components. Under both normal and lowered temperature conditions, the core TPC subunit TPLATE and the AtEH/Pan1 proteins exhibited simultaneous recruitment at the PM. These results, together with colocalization analysis of different TPC subunits, allow us to conclude that the TPC in plant cells is not recruited to the PM sequentially but as an octameric complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nienke Besbrugge
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Caveolae Dynamics Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32548819 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0732-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy enables to analyze the localizations and dynamics of cellular events that occur at or near the plasma membrane. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy exclusively illuminates molecules in the close vicinity of the glass surface, thereby reducing background fluorescence and enabling observation of the plasma membrane in the glass-attached cells with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we describe the application of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to analyze the dynamics of caveolae, which play essential physiological functions, including membrane tension buffering, endocytosis, and signaling at the plasma membrane.
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19
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Dragwidge JM, VAN Damme D. Visualising endocytosis in plants: past, present, and future. J Microsc 2020; 280:104-110. [PMID: 32441767 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chris Hawes had a lively fascination for the immensely complex organisation of the endomembrane system, including the process of endocytosis. This is the method by which eukaryotic cells internalise membrane proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and cell wall enzymes from the cell surface through membrane bound vesicles. Endocytosis occurs progressively, starting with early membrane deformation, scission, and finally the release of the vesicle into the cytoplasm. Next to secretion, endocytosis allows the cell to control the proteome composition of its inner and outer surface membrane and as such, its communication with the outside world. Whereas endocytosis was initially considered theoretically impossible in plants due to their high turgor pressure, it is now established as essential for plant life. Furthermore, endocytosis remains a highly active field of research, both in yeast, animal, and plant model systems. Over the past three decades, the tools and techniques used to visualise, quantify, and characterise endocytosis have resulted in an increasingly higher spatiotemporal understanding of this process. Here we provide a brief history of plant endocytosis research from the time when Chris Hawes was investigating the process, to the current state-of-the-art in the field. We will end this chapter with a discussion on some promising future developments for plant endocytosis research. LAY DESCRIPTION: Endocytosis is a key process whereby eukaryotic cells can selectively take up membrane proteins, extracellular material and lipids. As this process controls the abundance and protein composition of the plasma membrane, it also controls the communication of the cell with the outside world. Whereas endocytosis was initially considered theoretically impossible in plants due to their high turgor pressure, it is now established as essential for plant life. Today, endocytosis remains a highly active field of research, both in yeast, animal, and plant model systems. Endocytosis was one of the favourite research topics of Chris Hawes, which is why this mini-review is part of the Festschrift issue in his honour. We provide here a brief history of plant endocytosis research from the time when Chris Hawes was investigating the process, to the current state-of-the-art in the field. Over the past three decades, the tools and techniques that were developed to visualise, quantify, and characterise endocytosis have allowed to achieve an increasingly higher spatiotemporal understanding of this process. We end this chapter with a discussion on some promising future developments for plant endocytosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dragwidge
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D VAN Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Narasimhan M, Johnson A, Prizak R, Kaufmann WA, Tan S, Casillas-Pérez B, Friml J. Evolutionarily unique mechanistic framework of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants. eLife 2020; 9:52067. [PMID: 31971511 PMCID: PMC7012609 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) represents the major route for cargo internalisation from the cell surface. It has been assumed to operate in an evolutionary conserved manner as in yeast and animals. Here we report characterisation of ultrastructure, dynamics and mechanisms of plant CME as allowed by our advancement in electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging techniques. Arabidopsis CME appears to follow the constant curvature model and the bona fide CME population generates vesicles of a predominantly hexagonal-basket type; larger and with faster kinetics than in other models. Contrary to the existing paradigm, actin is dispensable for CME events at the plasma membrane but plays a unique role in collecting endocytic vesicles, sorting of internalised cargos and directional endosome movement that itself actively promote CME events. Internalized vesicles display a strongly delayed and sequential uncoating. These unique features highlight the independent evolution of the plant CME mechanism during the autonomous rise of multicellularity in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Roshan Prizak
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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21
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Kozgunova E, Goshima G. A versatile microfluidic device for highly inclined thin illumination microscopy in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15182. [PMID: 31645620 PMCID: PMC6811556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy is a valuable tool for studying cellular processes, such as signalling, membrane trafficking, or cytoskeleton remodelling. Several techniques of inclined illumination microscopy allow imaging at a near single molecular level; however, the application of these methods to plant cells is limited, owing to thick cell walls as well as the necessity to excise a part of the tissue for sample preparation. In this study, we utilised a simple, easy-to-use microfluidic device for highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) microscopy using a model plant Physcomitrella patens. We demonstrated that the shallow microfluidic device can be used for long-term culture of living cells and enables high-resolution HILO imaging of microtubules without perturbing their dynamics. In addition, our microdevice allows the supply and robust washout of compounds during HILO microscopy imaging, for example, to perform a microtubule regrowth assay. Furthermore, we tested long-term (48 h) HILO imaging using a microdevice and visualised the developmental changes in the microtubule dynamics during tissue regeneration. These novel applications of the microfluidic device provide a valuable resource for studying molecular dynamics in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kozgunova
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
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22
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Ekanayake G, LaMontagne ED, Heese A. Never Walk Alone: Clathrin-Coated Vesicle (CCV) Components in Plant Immunity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:387-409. [PMID: 31386597 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
At the host-pathogen interface, the protein composition of the plasma membrane (PM) has important implications for how a plant cell perceives and responds to invading microbial pathogens. A plant's ability to modulate its PM composition is critical for regulating the strength, duration, and integration of immune responses. One mechanism by which plant cells reprogram their cell surface is vesicular trafficking, including secretion and endocytosis. These trafficking processes add or remove cargo proteins (such as pattern-recognition receptors, transporters, and other proteins with immune functions) to or from the PM via small, membrane-bound vesicles. Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) that form at the PM and trans-Golgi network/early endosomes have emerged as the prominent vesicle type in the regulation of plant immune responses. In this review, we discuss the roles of the CCV core, adaptors, and accessory components in plant defense signaling and immunity against various microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Ekanayake
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
| | - Erica D LaMontagne
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
| | - Antje Heese
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
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23
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Platre MP, Bayle V, Armengot L, Bareille J, Marquès-Bueno MDM, Creff A, Maneta-Peyret L, Fiche JB, Nollmann M, Miège C, Moreau P, Martinière A, Jaillais Y. Developmental control of plant Rho GTPase nano-organization by the lipid phosphatidylserine. Science 2019; 364:57-62. [PMID: 30948546 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav9959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are master regulators of cell signaling, but how they are regulated depending on the cellular context is unclear. We found that the phospholipid phosphatidylserine acts as a developmentally controlled lipid rheostat that tunes Rho GTPase signaling in Arabidopsis Live superresolution single-molecule imaging revealed that the protein Rho of Plants 6 (ROP6) is stabilized by phosphatidylserine into plasma membrane nanodomains, which are required for auxin signaling. Our experiments also revealed that the plasma membrane phosphatidylserine content varies during plant root development and that the level of phosphatidylserine modulates the quantity of ROP6 nanoclusters induced by auxin and hence downstream signaling, including regulation of endocytosis and gravitropism. Our work shows that variations in phosphatidylserine levels are a physiological process that may be leveraged to regulate small GTPase signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Bareille
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Marquès-Bueno
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Miège
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France.
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24
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Martinière A, Fiche JB, Smokvarska M, Mari S, Alcon C, Dumont X, Hematy K, Jaillais Y, Nollmann M, Maurel C. Osmotic Stress Activates Two Reactive Oxygen Species Pathways with Distinct Effects on Protein Nanodomains and Diffusion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1581-1593. [PMID: 30718348 PMCID: PMC6446752 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Physiological acclimation of plants to an everchanging environment is governed by complex combinatorial signaling networks that perceive and transduce various abiotic and biotic stimuli. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as one of the second messengers in plant responses to hyperosmotic stress. The molecular bases of ROS production and the primary cellular processes that they target were investigated in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root. Combined pharmacological and genetic approaches showed that the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH) pathway and an additional pathway involving apoplastic ascorbate and iron can account for ROS production upon hyperosmotic stimulation. The two pathways determine synergistically the rate of membrane internalization, within minutes after activation. Live superresolution microscopy revealed at single-molecule scale how ROS control specific diffusion and nano-organization of membrane cargo proteins. In particular, ROS generated by RBOHs initiated clustering of the PLASMA MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN2;1 aquaporin and its removal from the plasma membrane. This process is contributed to by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, with a positive role of RBOH-dependent ROS, specifically under hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martinière
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marija Smokvarska
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Mari
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Alcon
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Dumont
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Kian Hematy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1054, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34090 Montpellier, France
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25
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Rongpipi S, Ye D, Gomez ED, Gomez EW. Progress and Opportunities in the Characterization of Cellulose - An Important Regulator of Cell Wall Growth and Mechanics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1894. [PMID: 30881371 PMCID: PMC6405478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a dynamic network of several biopolymers and structural proteins including cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is one of the main load bearing components of this complex, heterogeneous structure, and in this way, is an important regulator of cell wall growth and mechanics. Glucan chains of cellulose aggregate via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form long thread-like crystalline structures called cellulose microfibrils. The shape, size, and crystallinity of these microfibrils are important structural parameters that influence mechanical properties of the cell wall and these parameters are likely important determinants of cell wall digestibility for biofuel conversion. Cellulose-cellulose and cellulose-matrix interactions also contribute to the regulation of the mechanics and growth of the cell wall. As a consequence, much emphasis has been placed on extracting valuable structural details about cell wall components from several techniques, either individually or in combination, including diffraction/scattering, microscopy, and spectroscopy. In this review, we describe efforts to characterize the organization of cellulose in plant cell walls. X-ray scattering reveals the size and orientation of microfibrils; diffraction reveals unit lattice parameters and crystallinity. The presence of different cell wall components, their physical and chemical states, and their alignment and orientation have been identified by Infrared, Raman, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Sum Frequency Generation spectroscopy. Direct visualization of cell wall components, their network-like structure, and interactions between different components has also been made possible through a host of microscopic imaging techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. This review highlights advantages and limitations of different analytical techniques for characterizing cellulose structure and its interaction with other wall polymers. We also delineate emerging opportunities for future developments of structural characterization tools and multi-modal analyses of cellulose and plant cell walls. Ultimately, elucidation of the structure of plant cell walls across multiple length scales will be imperative for establishing structure-property relationships to link cell wall structure to control of growth and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintu Rongpipi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Esther W. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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26
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Relative Contribution of PIN-Containing Secretory Vesicles and Plasma Membrane PINs to the Directed Auxin Transport: Theoretical Estimation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113566. [PMID: 30424546 PMCID: PMC6274947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intercellular transport of auxin is driven by PIN-formed (PIN) auxin efflux carriers. PINs are localized at the plasma membrane (PM) and on constitutively recycling endomembrane vesicles. Therefore, PINs can mediate auxin transport either by direct translocation across the PM or by pumping auxin into secretory vesicles (SVs), leading to its secretory release upon fusion with the PM. Which of these two mechanisms dominates is a matter of debate. Here, we addressed the issue with a mathematical modeling approach. We demonstrate that the efficiency of secretory transport depends on SV size, half-life of PINs on the PM, pH, exocytosis frequency and PIN density. 3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM) was used to determine PIN density on the PM. Combining this data with published values of the other parameters, we show that the transport activity of PINs in SVs would have to be at least 1000× greater than on the PM in order to produce a comparable macroscopic auxin transport. If both transport mechanisms operated simultaneously and PINs were equally active on SVs and PM, the contribution of secretion to the total auxin flux would be negligible. In conclusion, while secretory vesicle-mediated transport of auxin is an intriguing and theoretically possible model, it is unlikely to be a major mechanism of auxin transport in planta.
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27
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Qi X, Pleskot R, Irani NG, Van Damme D. Meeting report - Cellular gateways: expanding the role of endocytosis in plant development. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/17/jcs222604. [PMID: 30177507 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The occasion of The Company of Biologists' workshop 'Cellular gateways: expanding the role of endocytosis in plant development' on 22-25 April 2018, at Wiston House, an Elizabethan mansion in West Sussex, England, witnessed stimulating and lively discussions on the mechanism and functions of endocytosis in plant cells. The workshop was organized by Jenny Russinova, Daniël Van Damme (both VIB/University of Ghent, Belgium) and Takashi Ueda (National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan), and aimed to bridge the gap in knowledge about the endocytic machinery and its cargos in the plant field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Qi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niloufer G Irani
- Department of Plant Science, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB Oxford, UK
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium .,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Reynolds GD, Wang C, Pan J, Bednarek SY. Inroads into Internalization: Five Years of Endocytic Exploration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:208-218. [PMID: 29074601 PMCID: PMC5761813 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Advances over recent years underlines a growing interest in investigating endocytosis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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