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Kim DM, Sakamoto I, Arioka M. Class VI G protein-coupled receptors in Aspergillus oryzae regulate sclerotia formation through GTPase-activating activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:141. [PMID: 38231240 PMCID: PMC10794492 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane receptors in eukaryotes that sense and transduce extracellular signals into cells. In Aspergillus oryzae, 16 canonical GPCR genes are identified and classified into nine classes based on the sequence similarity and proposed functions. Class VI GPCRs (AoGprK-1, AoGprK-2, and AoGprR in A. oryzae), unlike other GPCRs, feature a unique hybrid structure containing both the seven transmembrane (7-TM) and regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domains, which is not found in animal GPCRs. We report here that the mutants with double or triple deletion of class VI GPCR genes produced significantly increased number of sclerotia compared to the control strain when grown on agar plates. Interestingly, complementation analysis demonstrated that the expression of the RGS domain without the 7-TM domain is sufficient to restore the phenotype. In line with this, among the three Gα subunits in A. oryzae, AoGpaA, AoGpaB, and AoGanA, forced expression of GTPase-deficient mutants of either AoGpaA or AoGpaB caused an increase in the number of sclerotia formed, suggesting that RGS domains of class VI GPCRs are the negative regulators of these two GTPases. Finally, we measured the expression of velvet complex genes and sclerotia formation-related genes and found that the expression of velB was significantly increased in the multiple gene deletion mutants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that class VI GPCRs negatively regulate sclerotia formation through their GTPase-activating activity in the RGS domains. KEY POINTS: • Class VI GPCRs in A. oryzae regulate sclerotia formation in A. oryzae • RGS function of class VI GPCRs is responsible for regulation of sclerotia formation • Loss of class VI GPCRs resulted in increased expression of sclerotia-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Itsuki Sakamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Manabu Arioka
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology (CRIIM), The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Bhagat PK, Sharma D, Verma D, Singh K, Sinha AK. Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 regulates D-glucose signaling and interacts with G-protein, RGS1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111484. [PMID: 36195119 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugar as a signaling molecule has attracted lots of attention. Even though several kinases have been shown to play a crucial role in the sugar signaling and response to exogenous D-glucose (Glc), the information on the involvement of MAP kinase cascade in sugar signaling has remain largely unexplored. In this report we demonstrate that MAP kinase signaling is essential for sensitivity to higher concentrations of D-Glc in Arabidopsis. We found that D-Glc activates MAP kinases, MPK3 and MPK6 in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The mutants of mpk3 and mpk6 display hyposensitivity to 6% D-Glc during seed germination, cotyledon greening and root growth. Interestingly, the altered sensitivity to increased D-Glc is severely enhanced by addition of 1% Sucrose in the media. Our study also deciphered the role of one of the Glc sensor proteins, RGS1 that interacts and gets phosphorylated at its C-terminal domain by MPK3 and MPK6. Overall our study provides a new insight on the involvement of MAP kinases in association with G-proteins that might regulate sugar signaling and sugar responsive growth and development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepanjali Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kirti Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India.
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Wang P, Wang T, Han J, Li M, Zhao Y, Su T, Ma C. Plant Autophagy: An Intricate Process Controlled by Various Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754982. [PMID: 34630498 PMCID: PMC8495024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous process used widely across plant cells to degrade cellular material and is an important regulator of plant growth and various environmental stress responses in plants. The initiation and dynamics of autophagy in plant cells are precisely controlled according to the developmental stage of the plant and changes in the environment, which are transduced into intracellular signaling pathways. These signaling pathways often regulate autophagy by mediating TOR (Target of Rapamycin) kinase activity, an important regulator of autophagy initiation; however, some also act via TOR-independent pathways. Under nutrient starvation, TOR activity is suppressed through glucose or ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling, thereby promoting the initiation of autophagy. Under stresses, autophagy can be regulated by the regulatory networks connecting stresses, ROS and plant hormones, and in turn, autophagy regulates ROS levels and hormone signaling. This review focuses on the latest research progress in the mechanism of different external signals regulating autophagy.
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Liu C, Fan W, Zhu P, Xia Z, Hu J, Zhao A. Mulberry RGS negatively regulates salt stress response and tolerance. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1672512. [PMID: 31559897 PMCID: PMC6866688 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1672512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein, the best-characterized accelerating GTPase protein in plants, regulates G-protein signaling and plays important role in abiotic stress tolerance. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of RGS involved in G-protein signaling mediated abiotic stress responses remains unclear. In this study, a mulberry (Morus alba L.) RGS gene (MaRGS) was transformed into tobacco, and the ectopic expression of MaRGS in tobacco decreased the tolerance to salt stress. The transgenic tobacco plants had lower proline content, higher malonaldehyde and H2O2 contents than wild type plants under salt stress condition. Meanwhile, MaRGS overexpression in mulberry seedlings enhances the sensitivity to salt stress and RNAi-silenced expression of MaRGS improves the salt stress response and tolerance. These results suggested that MaRGS negatively regulates salt stress tolerance. Further analysis suggested that D-glucose and autophagy may involve in the response of RGS to salt stress. This study revealed the role of MaRGS in salt stress tolerance and provides a proposed model for RGS regulates G-protein signaling in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Jiao Y, Srba M, Wang J, Chen W. Correlation of Autophagosome Formation with Degradation and Endocytosis Arabidopsis Regulator of G-Protein Signaling (RGS1) through ATG8a. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174190. [PMID: 31461856 PMCID: PMC6747245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged or unwanted cellular proteins are degraded by either autophagy or the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. In Arabidopsis thaliana, sensing of D-glucose is achieved by the heterotrimeric G protein complex and regulator of G-protein signaling 1 (AtRGS1). Here, we showed that starvation increases proteasome-independent AtRGS1 degradation, and it is correlated with increased autophagic flux. RGS1 promoted the production of autophagosomes and autophagic flux; RGS1-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) was surrounded by vacuolar dye FM4-64 (red fluorescence). RGS1 and autophagosomes co-localized in the root cells of Arabidopsis and BY-2 cells. We demonstrated that the autophagosome marker ATG8a interacts with AtRGS1 and its shorter form with truncation of the seven transmembrane and RGS1 domains in planta. Altogether, our data indicated the correlation of autophagosome formation with degradation and endocytosis of AtRGS1 through ATG8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Miroslav Srba
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jingchun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Signorelli S, Tarkowski ŁP, Van den Ende W, Bassham DC. Linking Autophagy to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:413-430. [PMID: 30824355 PMCID: PMC6475611 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process in which cellular components are delivered to lytic vacuoles to be recycled and has been demonstrated to promote abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. Here, we review how the responses triggered by stress conditions can affect autophagy and its signaling pathways. Besides the role of SNF-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) and TOR kinases in the regulation of autophagy, abscisic acid (ABA) and its signaling kinase SnRK2 have emerged as key players in the induction of autophagy under stress conditions. Furthermore, an interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy is observed, ROS being able to induce autophagy and autophagy able to reduce ROS production. We also highlight the importance of osmotic adjustment for the successful performance of autophagy and discuss the potential role of GABA in plant survival and ethylene (ET)-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay.
| | | | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Janse van Rensburg HC, Van den Ende W, Signorelli S. Autophagy in Plants: Both a Puppet and a Puppet Master of Sugars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 30723485 PMCID: PMC6349728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major pathway that recycles cellular components in eukaryotic cells both under stressed and non-stressed conditions. Sugars participate both metabolically and as signaling molecules in development and response to various environmental and nutritional conditions. It is therefore essential to maintain metabolic homeostasis of sugars during non-stressed conditions in cells, not only to provide energy, but also to ensure effective signaling when exposed to stress. In both plants and animals, autophagy is activated by the energy sensor SnRK1/AMPK and inhibited by TOR kinase. SnRK1/AMPK and TOR kinases are both important regulators of cellular metabolism and are controlled to a large extent by the availability of sugars and sugar-phosphates in plants whereas in animals AMP/ATP indirectly translate sugar status. In plants, during nutrient and sugar deficiency, SnRK1 is activated, and TOR is inhibited to allow activation of autophagy which in turn recycles cellular components in an attempt to provide stress relief. Autophagy is thus indirectly regulated by the nutrient/sugar status of cells, but also regulates the level of nutrients/sugars by recycling cellular components. In both plants and animals sugars such as trehalose induce autophagy and in animals this is independent of the TOR pathway. The glucose-activated G-protein signaling pathway has also been demonstrated to activate autophagy, although the exact mechanism is not completely clear. This mini-review will focus on the interplay between sugar signaling and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departamento de Biologiía Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la Repuíblica, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Abstract
Glucose is an important building component in organisms and a central molecule of energy metabolism. It is also a key signaling molecule involved in regulation of many physiologic processes, including organism morphogenesis, anabolism and catabolism, pest and disease stress, environmental stress response. The signal transduction pathway mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins is one of the most important pathways for Arabidopsis to recognize, perceive and transduce external stimuli. AtRGS1 (Arabidopsis thaliana regulator of G-protein signaling) metabolism is currently thought to be through endosome.This paper introduces relationship between autophagy and RGS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Wenli Chen: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wenxue Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Li Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Tunc‐Ozdemir M, Liao K, Ross‐Elliott TJ, Elston TC, Jones AM. Long-distance communication in Arabidopsis involving a self-activating G protein. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00037. [PMID: 31245704 PMCID: PMC6508511 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, heterotrimeric G protein signaling mediates development, biotic/abiotic stress responsiveness, hormone signaling, and extracellular sugar sensing. The amount of sugar in plant cells fluctuates from nanomolar to high millimolar concentrations over time depending on changes in the light environment. Arabidopsis thaliana Regulator of G Signaling protein 1 (AtRGS1) modulates G protein activation and detects the concentration and the exposure time of sugars. This is called dose-duration reciprocity in sugar sensing and occurs through AtRGS1 internalization which is directly proportional to G protein activation. One source of sugars is from CO 2 fixation by photosynthesis. Through a simple set of experiments, we show that sugars made in cotyledons that are undergoing photomorphogenesis activate G signaling in cells distal to the nascent photosynthesis center. This occurs with sufficient speed to enable distal cells to monitor changes in photosynthetic activity in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Tunc‐Ozdemir
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Kang‐Ling Liao
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | | | - Timothy C. Elston
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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Zhao YL, Lu ZY, Zhang X, Liu WW, Yao GD, Liu XL, Liu W, Wu QJ, Hayashi T, Yamato M, Fujisaki H, Hattori S, Atsuzawa Y, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Gelatin promotes cell aggregation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in PMA-stimulated U937 cells by augmenting endocytosis-autophagy pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 95:132-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Janse van Rensburg HC, Van den Ende W. UDP-Glucose: A Potential Signaling Molecule in Plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2230. [PMID: 29375604 PMCID: PMC5767297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This perspective paper focuses on the most recent results suggesting a potential role for UDP-Glucose as a signaling molecule in plants. In animals, UDP-Glucose is well-established as an extracellular signaling molecule that is sensed by G-protein coupled receptors, activating several downstream defense mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that abnormal growth occurred in both vegetative and reproductive tissue of plants with reduced UDP-Glucose levels, and this could be rescued by exogenous UDP-Glucose. In plants with increased biomass accumulation, the genes involved in UDP-Glucose production were up-regulated. However, excessive endogenous accumulation of UDP-Glucose induced programmed cell death (PCD), and this could also be obtained by exogenous UDP-Glucose application. Plants with decreased UDP-glucose were insensitive to pathogen induced PCD. We speculate that UDP-Glucose acts as an extracellular signaling molecule in plants, and that it may be perceived as a damage-associated molecular pattern.
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