1
|
Cho Y. Arabidopsis AGB1 participates in salinity response through bZIP17-mediated unfolded protein response. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:586. [PMID: 38902609 PMCID: PMC11191249 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant heterotrimeric G proteins respond to various environmental stresses, including high salinity. It is known that Gβ subunit AGB1 functions in maintaining local and systemic Na+/K+ homeostasis to accommodate ionic toxicity under salt stress. However, whether AGB1 contributes to regulating gene expression for seedling's survival under high salinity remains unclear. RESULTS We showed that AGB1-Venus localized to nuclei when facing excessive salt, and the induction of a set of bZIP17-dependent salt stress-responsive genes was reduced in the agb1 mutant. We confirmed both genetic and physical interactions of AGB1 and bZIP17 in plant salinity response by comparing salt responses in the single and double mutants of agb1 and bzip17 and by BiFC assay, respectively. In addition, we show that AGB1 depletion decreases nuclei-localization of transgenic mRFP-bZIP17 under salt stress, as shown in s1p s2p double mutant in the Agrobacteria-mediated transient mRFP-bZIP17 expression in young seedlings. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AGB1 functions in S1P and/or S2P-mediated proteolytic processing of bZIP17 under salt stress to regulate the induction of salinity-responsive gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao X, Wei Y, Shen B, Liu L, Mao J. Interaction of the Transcription Factors BES1/BZR1 in Plant Growth and Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6836. [PMID: 38999944 PMCID: PMC11241631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bri1-EMS Suppressor 1 (BES1) and Brassinazole Resistant 1 (BZR1) are two key transcription factors in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, serving as crucial integrators that connect various signaling pathways in plants. Extensive genetic and biochemical studies have revealed that BES1 and BZR1, along with other protein factors, form a complex interaction network that governs plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Among the interactome of BES1 and BZR1, several proteins involved in posttranslational modifications play a key role in modifying the stability, abundance, and transcriptional activity of BES1 and BZR1. This review specifically focuses on the functions and regulatory mechanisms of BES1 and BZR1 protein interactors that are not involved in the posttranslational modifications but are crucial in specific growth and development stages and stress responses. By highlighting the significance of the BZR1 and BES1 interactome, this review sheds light on how it optimizes plant growth, development, and stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanni Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Biaodi Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yadav P, Khatri N, Gupta R, Mudgil Y. Proteomic profiling of Arabidopsis G-protein β subunit AGB1 mutant under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:571-586. [PMID: 38737318 PMCID: PMC11087450 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is a limiting environmental factor that inhibits plant growth in most ecological environments. The functioning of G-proteins and activated downstream signaling during salt stress is well established and different G-protein subunits and a few downstream effectors have been identified. Arabidopsis G-protein β-subunit (AGB1) regulates the movement of Na+ from roots to shoots along with a significant role in controlling Na+ fluxes in roots, however, the molecular mechanism of AGB1 mediated salt stress regulation is not well understood. Here, we report the comparative proteome profiles of Arabidopsis AGB1 null mutant agb1-2 to investigate how the absence of AGB1 modulates the protein repertoire in response to salt stress. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) showed 27 protein spots that were differentially modulated between the control and NaCl treated agb1-2 seedlings of which seven were identified by mass spectrometry. Functional annotation and interactome analysis indicated that the salt-responsive proteins were majorly associated with cellulose synthesis, structural maintenance of chromosomes, DNA replication/repair, organellar RNA editing and indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Further exploration of the functioning of these proteins could serve as a potential stepping stone for dissection of molecular mechanism of AGB1 functions during salt stress and in long run could be extrapolated to crop plants for salinity stress management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Nisha Khatri
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| | - Yashwanti Mudgil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu M, Wang Y, Zhang M, Chen M, Ni Y, Xu X, Xu S, Li Y, Zhang X. Genome-Wide Identification of BES1 Gene Family in Six Cucurbitaceae Species and Its Expression Analysis in Cucurbita moschata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032287. [PMID: 36768611 PMCID: PMC9916444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The BES1 (BRI1-EMSSUPPRESSOR1) gene family play a vital role in the BR (brassinosteroid) signaling pathway, which is involved in the growth and development, biotic, abiotic, and hormone stress response in many plants. However, there are few reports of BES1 in Cucurbita moschata. In this study, 50 BES1 genes were identified in six Cucurbitaceae species by genome-wide analysis, which could be classified into 3 groups according to their gene structural features and motif compositions, and 13 CmoBES1 genes in Cucurbita moschata were mapped on 10 chromosomes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the CmoBES1 genes displayed differential expression under different abiotic stress and hormone treatments. Subcellular localization showed that the most of CmoBES1 proteins localized in nucleus and cytoplasm, and transactivation assay indicated 9 CmoBES1 proteins played roles as transcription factors. Our analysis of BES1s diversity, localization, and expression in Curcubitaceae contributes to the better understanding of the essential roles of these transcription factors in plants.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gawande ND, Hamiditabar Z, Brunetti SC, Gulick PJ. Characterization of the heterotrimeric G protein gene families in Triticum aestivum and related species. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35463045 PMCID: PMC8938547 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the heterotrimeric G protein gene families in Triticum aestivum, their tissue-specific expression patterns during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. There are three Gα genes, three Gβ and 12 Gγ genes, totaling 18 genes encoding heterotrimeric G proteins in the hexaploid wheat genome. Each haploid genome of the hexaploid T. aestivum has a single gene encoding the α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, GA1, a single Gβ and four Gγ genes. Each gene has three homeologous copies in the A, B and D genomes. The physical interaction between the Gβ (Gpb) and two Gγ subunits, Gpg1 and Gpg2, was shown through bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses showed both up-regulation and down-regulation of members of the gene families. Gγ2-B and Gγ2-D are significantly upregulated during heat stress, GA1-D is upregulated by cold stress and Gγ1-A and Gγ1-D were upregulated by Fusarium graminearum inoculation in a F. graminearum resistant cultivar. This suggests that these members may play roles in biotic and abiotic signaling pathways and the roles of these genes within these pathways need further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03156-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh D. Gawande
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Zeynab Hamiditabar
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Sabrina C. Brunetti
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Patrick J. Gulick
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ku YS, Cheung MY, Cheng SS, Nadeem MA, Chung G, Lam HM. Using the Knowledge of Post-transcriptional Regulations to Guide Gene Selections for Molecular Breeding in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:867731. [PMID: 35432392 PMCID: PMC9009170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.867731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The omics approaches allow the scientific community to successfully identify genomic regions associated with traits of interest for marker-assisted breeding. Agronomic traits such as seed color, yield, growth habit, and stress tolerance have been the targets for soybean molecular breeding. Genes governing these traits often undergo post-transcriptional modifications, which should be taken into consideration when choosing elite genes for molecular breeding. Post-transcriptional regulations of genes include transcript regulations, protein modifications, and even the regulation of the translational machinery. Transcript regulations involve elements such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for the maintenance of transcript stability or regulation of translation efficiency. Protein modifications involve molecular modifications of target proteins and the alterations of their interacting partners. Regulations of the translational machinery include those on translation factors and the ribosomal protein complex. Post-transcriptional regulations usually involve a set of genes instead of a single gene. Such a property may facilitate molecular breeding. In this review, we will discuss the post-transcriptional modifications of genes related to favorable agronomic traits such as stress tolerance, growth, and nutrient uptake, using examples from soybean as well as other crops. The examples from other crops may guide the selection of genes for marker-assisted breeding in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Yan Cheung
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nadeem
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li D, Wang Z, Sun S, Xiao K, Cao M, Li X, Ma C, Zhang C, Wang L, Lian H, Wang S. VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 Positively Co-regulated Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Grape Berries in Response to Root Restriction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:789002. [PMID: 34956287 PMCID: PMC8695491 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.789002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In most grapevine planting regions, especially in south of China, plenty of rainfall and high water level underground are the characteristic of the area, a series of problem during fruit ripening easily caused poor color quality. Thereby affecting fruit quality, yield and economic benefits. The accumulation of anthocyanin is regulated by transcriptional regulatory factor and a series of cultivation measures, root restriction can make plants in the environment of stress and stress relief, root restriction induced the higher expression of VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40, and consistent with anthocyanin accumulation. Whether and how root restriction-inducible VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 transcription factor regulate anthocyanin synthesis in grape berry is still unclear. In this study, we identified that the transient overexpression of VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 alone or both in strawberry fruits and grape berries can promote anthocyanin accumulation and increase the expression level of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, indicating VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 play a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we confirmed that both VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 specifically bind to the promoter region of VvF3'5'H and VvUFGT, and the expression of VvF3'5'H and VvUFGT is further activated through the heterodimer formation between VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40. Finally, we confirmed that VvMYB15 promoted anthocyanin accumulation by interacting with VvWRKY40 in grape berries, our findings provide insights into a mechanism involving the synergistic regulation of root restriction-dependent coloration and biosynthesis via a VvMYB15 and VvWRKY40 alone or both in grape berries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenping Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Sijie Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Cao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin F, Cao J, Yuan J, Liang Y, Li J. Integration of Light and Brassinosteroid Signaling during Seedling Establishment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12971. [PMID: 34884771 PMCID: PMC8657978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Light and brassinosteroid (BR) are external stimuli and internal cue respectively, that both play critical roles in a wide range of developmental and physiological process. Seedlings grown in the light exhibit photomorphogenesis, while BR promotes seedling etiolation. Light and BR oppositely control the development switch from shotomorphogenesis in the dark to photomorphogenesis in the light. Recent progress report that substantial components have been identified as hubs to integrate light and BR signals. Photomorphogenic repressors including COP1, PIFs, and AGB1 have been reported to elevate BR response, while photomorphogenesis-promoting factors such as HY5, BZS1, and NF-YCs have been proven to repress BR signal. In addition, BR components also modulate light signal. Here, we review the current research on signaling network associated with light and brassinosteroids, with a focus on the integration of light and BR signals enabling plants to thrive in the changeable environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ninh TT, Gao W, Trusov Y, Zhao J, Long L, Song C, Botella JR. Tomato and cotton G protein beta subunit mutants display constitutive autoimmune responses. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e359. [PMID: 34765865 PMCID: PMC8573408 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G protein Gβ-deficient mutants in rice and maize display constitutive immune responses, whereas Arabidopsis Gβ mutants show impaired defense, suggesting the existence of functional differences between monocots and dicots. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we produced one hemizygous tomato line with a mutated SlGB1 Gβ gene. Homozygous slgb1 knockout mutants exhibit all the hallmarks of autoimmune mutants, including development of necrotic lesions, constitutive expression of defense-related genes, and high endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species, resulting in early seedling lethality. Virus-induced silencing of Gβ in cotton reproduced the symptoms observed in tomato mutants, confirming that the autoimmune phenotype is not limited to monocot species but is also shared by dicots. Even though multiple genes involved in SA and ethylene signaling are highly induced by Gβ silencing in tomato and cotton, co-silencing of SA or ethylene signaling components in cotton failed to suppress the lethal phenotype, whereas co-silencing of the oxidative burst oxidase RbohD can repress lethality. Despite the autoimmune response observed in slgb1 mutants, we show that SlGB1 is a positive regulator of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) response in tomato. We speculate that the phenotypic differences observed between Arabidopsis and tomato/cotton/rice/maize Gβ knockouts do not necessarily reflect divergences in G protein-mediated defense mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thao Ninh
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of BiotechnologyVietnam National University of AgricultureHanoiVietnam
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yuri Trusov
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jing‐Ruo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Lu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Chun‐Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Jose Ramon Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arabidopsis G-Protein β Subunit AGB1 Negatively Regulates DNA Binding of MYB62, a Suppressor in the Gibberellin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158270. [PMID: 34361039 PMCID: PMC8347620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant G proteins are versatile components of transmembrane signaling transduction pathways. The deficient mutant of heterotrimeric G protein leads to defects in plant growth and development, suggesting that it regulates the GA pathway in Arabidopsis. However, the molecular mechanism of G protein regulation of the GA pathway is not understood in plants. In this study, two G protein β subunit (AGB1) mutants, agb1-2 and N692967, were dwarfed after exogenous application of GA3. AGB1 interacts with the DNA-binding domain MYB62, a GA pathway suppressor. Transgenic plants were obtained through overexpression of MYB62 in two backgrounds including the wild-type (MYB62/WT Col-0) and agb1 mutants (MYB62/agb1) in Arabidopsis. Genetic analysis showed that under GA3 treatment, the height of the transgenic plants MYB62/WT and MYB62/agb1 was lower than that of WT. The height of MYB62/agb1 plants was closer to MYB62/WT plants and higher than that of mutants agb1-2 and N692967, suggesting that MYB62 is downstream of AGB1 in the GA pathway. qRT-PCR and competitive DNA binding assays indicated that MYB62 can bind MYB elements in the promoter of GA2ox7, a GA degradation gene, to activate GA2ox7 transcription. AGB1 affected binding of MYB62 on the promoter of GA2ox7, thereby negatively regulating th eactivity of MYB62.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiong CY, Gong QY, Pei H, Liao CJ, Yang RC, Li GK, Huang J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks during the Maize Ear Shank Elongation Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137029. [PMID: 34209973 PMCID: PMC8268914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In maize, the ear shank is a short branch that connects the ear to the stalk. The length of the ear shank mainly affects the transportation of photosynthetic products to the ear, and also influences the dehydration of the grain by adjusting the tightness of the husks. However, the molecular mechanisms of maize shank elongation have rarely been described. It has been reported that the maize ear shank length is a quantitative trait, but its genetic basis is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to explore the transcriptional dynamics and determine the key genes involved in maize shank elongation at four different developmental stages. A total of 8145 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 729 transcription factors (TFs). Some important genes which participate in shank elongation were detected via function annotation and temporal expression pattern analyses, including genes related to signal transduction hormones (auxin, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, etc.), xyloglucan and xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase, and transcription factor families. The results provide insights into the genetic architecture of maize ear shanks and developing new varieties with ideal ear shank lengths, enabling adjustments for mechanized harvesting in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.-Y.X.); (R.-C.Y.)
| | - Qing-You Gong
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai 519070, China;
| | - Hu Pei
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Chang-Jian Liao
- Technical Research Center of Dry Crop Variety Breeding in Fujian Province, Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Rui-Chun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.-Y.X.); (R.-C.Y.)
| | - Gao-Ke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (G.-K.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (C.-Y.X.); (R.-C.Y.)
- Correspondence: (G.-K.L.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao Z, Liu X, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhuang M, Lv H. Transcriptome and plant hormone analyses provide new insight into the molecular regulatory networks underlying hybrid lethality in cabbage (Brassica oleracea). PLANTA 2021; 253:96. [PMID: 33839925 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparative morphological, transcriptomic and phytohormone analyses reveal a defence network leading to PCD involved in cabbage hybrid lethality. Hybrid lethality (HL) plays an essential role in the stability of a population by blocking gene exchange between species, but the molecular mechanism remains largely undetermined. In this study, we performed phenotype, transcriptome and plant hormone analyses of HL in cabbage. Phenotype analysis confirmed that HL is characterised by a typical programmed cell death (PCD) process. A time-resolved RNA-Seq identified 2724 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and functional annotations analyses revealed that HL was closely associated with the defence response. A defence regulation network was constructed based on the plant-pathogen interaction pathway and MAPK signalling pathway, which comprised DEGs related to Ca2+ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) leading to PCD. Moreover, important DEGs involved in hormone signal transduction pathways including salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were identified, which were further confirmed by endogenous and exogenous SA and JA measurements. Our results identified key genes and pathways in the regulating network of HL in cabbage, and might open the gate for revealing the molecular mechanism of HL in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 12# Zhongguancun Nandajie Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang D, Zhang M, Liang J. RGB1 Regulates Grain Development and Starch Accumulation Through Its Effect on OsYUC11-Mediated Auxin Biosynthesis in Rice Endosperm Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:585174. [PMID: 33868323 PMCID: PMC8045708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.585174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RGB1, a subunit of heterotrimeric G protein, plays important roles in regulating grain size and weight of rice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying controlling grain filling process by G protein are still largely unclear. In the present study, we show that RGB1 controls not only the grain size but also the grain filling process. Knock-down of RGB1 significantly delayed grain development and reduced starch accumulation and grain weight, which was closely related to the delayed and the lower expression of genes encoding sucrose metabolism and starch biosynthesis related enzymes during grain filling stage. Suppression of RGB1 expression also resulted in the lower auxin content in grains, which was correlated with the lower expression of OsNF-YB1 and OsYUC11 during grain filling stage. Further biochemical evidence showed that OsYUC11 expression was under control of OsNF-YB1 by its interaction with promoter of OsYUC11. Taken together, we propose that RGB1 controls rice grain development and grain filling process by changing auxin homeostasis in endosperm cells. OsNF-YB1, which acts as a key downstream effector of RGB1, interacts directly with the promoter of OsYUC11 and stimulates the OsYUC11 expression, thereby regulating auxin biosynthesis and starch accumulation and grain size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Minyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su D, Xiang W, Wen L, Lu W, Shi Y, Liu Y, Li Z. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of BES1 gene family in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:161. [PMID: 33784975 PMCID: PMC8010994 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the key regulators in BR signaling, BES1 family genes regulate thousands of target genes involved in various development processes. So far, the functions of BES1 family are poorly understood in tomato, and a comprehensive genomic and expressional analysis is worth to conduct for this family. RESULTS Here, nine SlBES1 family members were identified in tomato and classified into five groups based on the conserved motif, gene structure and phylogenetic analysis. Synteny among tomato, Arabidopsis, pepper and rice were further analyzed to obtain insights into evolutionary characteristics. Several cis-elements related to hormone, stress and plant development were exhibited in the promoter regions of SlBES1 family genes. Subcellular localization showed seven members localized both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, implying the presence of dephosphorylated and phosphorylated form of these seven proteins, furthermore, five of them possessed transcription activation activity whereas the left two functioned as transcriptional repressors. Another two members, however, neither localized in the nucleus nor had transactivation activity. Besides, SlBES1.8 showed flower-specific expression while other members expressed ubiquitously in all organs. Moreover, SlBES1 genes exhibited variational expression in response to nine principal plant hormones. Notably, the expression levels of SlBES1 genes presented a dominant downregulated trend in response to stresses. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we systematically analyzed the genomic characterization of SlBES1 family, together with the analyses of protein functional features and expression patterns, our results lay a foundation for the functional research of SlBES1 family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pathak RR, Mandal VK, Jangam AP, Sharma N, Madan B, Jaiswal DK, Raghuram N. Heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (RGA1) regulates tiller development, yield, cell wall, nitrogen response and biotic stress in rice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2323. [PMID: 33504880 PMCID: PMC7840666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-proteins are implicated in plant productivity, but their genome-wide roles in regulating agronomically important traits remain uncharacterized. Transcriptomic analyses of rice G-protein alpha subunit mutant (rga1) revealed 2270 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including those involved in C/N and lipid metabolism, cell wall, hormones and stress. Many DEGs were associated with root, leaf, culm, inflorescence, panicle, grain yield and heading date. The mutant performed better in total weight of filled grains, ratio of filled to unfilled grains and tillers per plant. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using experimentally validated interactors revealed many RGA1-responsive genes involved in tiller development. qPCR validated the differential expression of genes involved in strigolactone-mediated tiller formation and grain development. Further, the mutant growth and biomass were unaffected by submergence indicating its role in submergence response. Transcription factor network analysis revealed the importance of RGA1 in nitrogen signaling with DEGs such as Nin-like, WRKY, NAC, bHLH families, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, OsCIPK23 and urea transporter. Sub-clustering of DEGs-associated PPI network revealed that RGA1 regulates metabolism, stress and gene regulation among others. Predicted rice G-protein networks mapped DEGs and revealed potential effectors. Thus, this study expands the roles of RGA1 to agronomically important traits and reveals their underlying processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ramesh Pathak
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Mandal
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Annie Prasanna Jangam
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Narendra Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Bhumika Madan
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Jaiswal
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - Nandula Raghuram
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qian J, Zhang X, Yan Y, Wang N, Ge W, Zhou Q, Yang Y. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of abscisic acid-mediated drought-stress alleviation in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:211-218. [PMID: 33120112 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a fruit tree of great economic and nutritional importance, is sensitive to drought stress, which largely affects its transplantation survival rate, fruit yield and quality. Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment can reduce the drought-induced adverse impacts on plants. However, our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms behind ABA-mediated drought tolerance in pomegranates is still limited. In this study, we treated the pomegranates under drought stress with exogenous ABA of different concentrations (30, 60 and 90 μM) and found that, compared to those without treatment, ABA can improve pomegranate's growth condition and related physiological responding processes. We also performed comparative transcriptome analysis between the ABA-treated and untreated pomegranates to reveal the ABA-induced mechanisms in response to drought-stress. Our results showed that exogenous ABA application substantially enhanced pomegranate drought resistance by strengthening some metabolic pathways, such as brassinosteroid synthesis, peroxisome biogenesis, photosynthesis and hemicelluloses synthesis. Furthermore, the over-dose treatment of exogenous ABA was found to trigger ABA degradation process and a feedback loop in pomegranate to balances the ABA accumulation that exceeds the optimal ABA requirement, at the cost of suppressed growth process and stress resistance. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular regulation mechanisms underlying the ABA-mediated drought-stress resistance in pomegranates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Huaiyuan China-Israel Agro-Tech Co., Ltd., Bengbu, Anhui, 233400, China
| | - Weiqiang Ge
- Huaiyuan China-Israel Agro-Tech Co., Ltd., Bengbu, Anhui, 233400, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jose J, Roy Choudhury S. Heterotrimeric G-proteins mediated hormonal responses in plants. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109799. [PMID: 33011291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones not only orchestrate intrinsic developmental programs from germination to senescence but also regulate environmental inputs through complex signalling pathways. Despite building an own signalling network, hormones mutually contribute several signalling systems, which are also essential for plant growth and development, defense, and responses to abiotic stresses. One of such important signalling cascades is G-proteins, which act as critical regulators of a wide range of fundamental cellular processes by transducing receptor signals to the intracellular environment. G proteins are composed of α, β, and γ subunits, and the molecular switching between active and inactive conformation of Gα controls the signalling cycle. The active GTP bound Gα and freed Gβγ have both independent and tightly coordinated roles in the regulation of effector molecules, thereby modulating multiple responses, including hormonal responses. Therefore, an interplay of hormones with G-proteins fine-tunes multiple biological processes of plants; however, their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Functional characterization of hormone biosynthesis, perception, and signalling components, as well as identification of few effector molecules of G-proteins and their interaction networks, reduces the complexity of the hormonal signalling networks related to G-proteins. In this review, we highlight a valuable insight into the mechanisms of how the G-protein signalling cascades connect with hormonal responses to regulate increased developmental flexibility as well as remarkable plasticity of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jismon Jose
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee HG, Won JH, Choi YR, Lee K, Seo PJ. Brassinosteroids Regulate Circadian Oscillation via the BES1/TPL-CCA1/LHY Module in Arabidopsisthaliana. iScience 2020; 23:101528. [PMID: 32947126 PMCID: PMC7502351 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate a variety of physiological processes in plants via extensive crosstalk with diverse biological signaling networks. Although BRs are known to reciprocally regulate circadian oscillation, the molecular mechanism underlying BR-mediated regulation of circadian clock remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the BR-activated transcription factor bri1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) integrates BR signaling into the circadian network in Arabidopsis. BES1 repressed expression of CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) at night by binding to their promoters, together with TOPLESS (TPL). The repression of CCA1 and LHY by BR treatment, which occurred during the night, was compromised in bes1-ko and tpl-8 mutants. Consistently, long-term treatment with BR shortened the circadian period, and BR-induced rhythmic shortening was impaired in bes1-ko and tpl-8 single mutants and in the cca1-1lhy-21 double mutant. Overall, BR signaling is conveyed to the circadian oscillator via the BES1/TPL-CCA1/LHY module, contributing to gating diurnal BR responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Hoon Won
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yee-Ram Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Patel JS, Selvaraj V, Gunupuru LR, Kharwar RN, Sarma BK. Plant G-protein signaling cascade and host defense. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:219. [PMID: 32355593 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterotrimeric guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) play a crucial role in signal transduction and regulate plant responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Necrotrophic pathogens trigger Gα subunit and, in contrast, sometimes Gβγ dimers. Beneficial microbes play a vital role in the activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins in plants against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The subunits of G-protein (α, β, and γ) are activated differentially against different kinds of pathogens which in turn regulates the entry of the pathogen in a plant cell. Defense mediated by G-proteins in plants imparts resistance against several pathogens. Activation of different G-protein subunits depends on the mode of nutrition of the pathogen. The current review discussed the role of the three subunits against various pathogens. It appeared to be specific in the individual host-pathogen system as well as the role of effectors in the induction of G-proteins. We also discussed the G-protein-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2, activation of NADPH oxidases, hypersensitive response (HR), phospholipases, and ion channels in response to microorganisms.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Xu P, Chen G, Wu J, Liu Z, Lian H. FvbHLH9 Functions as a Positive Regulator of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis by Forming a HY5-bHLH9 Transcription Complex in Strawberry Fruits. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:826-837. [PMID: 32016380 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation is transcriptionally regulated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex. Light is indispensable for anthocyanin accumulation, and light-inducible MYB and HY5 were considered to promote anthocyanin accumulation in many fruits. Whether and how light-inducible bHLH transcription factor and HY5 regulate anthocyanin synthesis in strawberry is unknown. In this study, we identified a bHLH transcription factor, FvbHLH9, which was induced by light as well as FvHY5, and found that, similar to FvHY5, the transient overexpression and interference FvbHLH9 in strawberry fruits can promote and decrease anthocyanin accumulation, respectively, indicating FvbHLH9 functions as a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we confirmed that both FvHY5 and FvbHLH9 specifically bind to the promoter region of some key enzyme genes, including FvDFR, and the expression of FvDFR was activated through the heterodimer formation between FvHY5 and FvbHLH9. Finally, we confirmed that FvbHLH9-promoted anthocyanin accumulation is dependent on HY5-bHLH heterodimerisation in Arabidopsis. Our findings provide insights into a mechanism involving the synergistic regulation of light-dependent coloration and anthocyanin biosynthesis via a HY5-bHLH heterodimer formed by the interaction of FvHY5 and FvbHLH9 in strawberry fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanqun Chen
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jeon BW, Acharya BR, Assmann SM. The Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit, AGB1, is required for guard cell calcium sensing and calcium-induced calcium release. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:231-244. [PMID: 30882980 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) and heterotrimeric G-proteins are universal eukaryotic signaling elements. In plant guard cells, extracellular calcium (Cao ) is as strong a stimulus for stomatal closure as the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that the sole Arabidopsis heterotrimeric Gβ subunit, AGB1, is required for four guard cell Cao responses: induction of stomatal closure; inhibition of stomatal opening; [Ca2+ ]cyt oscillation; and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) production. Stomata in wild-type Arabidopsis (Col) and in mutants of the canonical Gα subunit, GPA1, showed inhibition of stomatal opening and promotion of stomatal closure by Cao . By contrast, stomatal movements of agb1 mutants and agb1/gpa1 double-mutants, as well as those of the agg1agg2 Gγ double-mutant, were insensitive to Cao . These behaviors contrast with ABA-regulated stomatal movements, which involve GPA1 and AGB1/AGG3 dimers, illustrating differential partitioning of G-protein subunits among stimuli with similar ultimate impacts, which may facilitate stimulus-specific encoding. AGB1 knockouts retained reactive oxygen species and NO production, but lost YC3.6-detected [Ca2+ ]cyt oscillations in response to Cao , initiating only a single [Ca2+ ]cyt spike. Experimentally imposed [Ca2+ ]cyt oscillations restored stomatal closure in agb1. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular complementation fluorescence experiments revealed that AGB1 interacts with phospholipase Cs (PLCs), and Cao induced InsP3 production in Col but not in agb1. In sum, G-protein signaling via AGB1/AGG1/AGG2 is essential for Cao -regulation of stomatal apertures, and stomatal movements in response to Cao apparently require Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release that is likely dependent on Gβγ interaction with PLCs leading to InsP3 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Wook Jeon
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Biswa R Acharya
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pandey S. Heterotrimeric G-Protein Signaling in Plants: Conserved and Novel Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:213-238. [PMID: 31035831 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins are key regulators of a multitude of signaling pathways in all eukaryotes. Although the core G-protein components and their basic biochemistries are broadly conserved throughout evolution, the regulatory mechanisms of G proteins seem to have been rewired in plants to meet specific needs. These proteins are currently the focus of intense research in plants due to their involvement in many agronomically important traits, such as seed yield, organ size regulation, biotic and abiotic stress responses, symbiosis, and nitrogen use efficiency. The availability of massive sequence information from a variety of plant species, extensive biochemical data generated over decades, and impressive genetic resources for plant G proteins have made it possible to examine their role, unique properties, and novel regulation. This review focuses on some recent advances in our understanding of the mechanistic details of this critical signaling pathway to enable the precise manipulation and generation of plants to meet future needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roy Choudhury S, Marlin MA, Pandey S. The Role of Gβ Protein in Controlling Cell Expansion via Potential Interaction with Lipid Metabolic Pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1159-1175. [PMID: 30622152 PMCID: PMC6393804 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins influence almost all aspects of plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, likely via their interaction with specific effectors. However, the identity of such effectors and their mechanism of action are mostly unknown. While investigating the roles of different G-protein subunits in modulating the oil content in Camelina (Camelina sativa), an oil seed crop, we uncovered a role of Gβ proteins in controlling anisotropic cell expansion. Knockdown of Gβ genes causes reduced longitudinal and enhanced transverse expansion, resulting in altered cell, tissue, and organ shapes in transgenic plants during vegetative and reproductive development. These plants also exhibited substantial changes in their fatty acid and phospholipid profiles, which possibly leads to the increased oil content of the transgenic seeds. This increase is potentially caused by the direct interaction of Gβ proteins with a specific patatin-like phospholipase, pPLAIIIδ. Camelina plants with suppressed Gβ expression exhibit higher lipase activity, and show phenotypes similar to plants overexpressing pPLAIIIδ, suggesting that the Gβ proteins are negative regulators of pPLAIIIδ. These results reveal interactions between the G-protein-mediated and lipid signaling/metabolic pathways, where specific phospholipases may act as effectors that control key developmental and environmental responses of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria A Marlin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu P, Lian H, Xu F, Zhang T, Wang S, Wang W, Du S, Huang J, Yang HQ. Phytochrome B and AGB1 Coordinately Regulate Photomorphogenesis by Antagonistically Modulating PIF3 Stability in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:229-247. [PMID: 30576873 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB), the primary red light photoreceptor, promotes photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis by interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor PIF3 and inducing its phosphorylation and degradation. Heterotrimeric G proteins are known to regulate various developmental processes in plants and animals. In Arabidopsis, the G-protein β subunit AGB1 is known to repress photomorphogenesis. However, whether and how phyB and AGB1 coordinately regulate photomorphogenesis are largely unknown. Here we show that phyB physically interacts with AGB1 in a red light-dependent manner and that AGB1 interacts directly with PIF3. Moreover, we demonstrate that the AGB1-PIF3 interaction inhibits the association of PIF3 with phyB, leading to reduced phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3, whereas the phyB-AGB1 interaction represses the association of PIF3 with AGB1, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3. Our results suggest that phyB and AGB1 antagonistically regulate PIF3 stability by dynamically interacting with each other and PIF3. This dynamic mechanism may allow plants to balance phyB and G-protein signaling to optimize photomorphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shasha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu J, Wang W, Xu P, Pan J, Zhang T, Li Y, Li G, Yang H, Lian H. phyB Interacts with BES1 to Regulate Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:353-366. [PMID: 30388258 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important environmental factor, which mainly inhibits hypocotyl elongation through various photoreceptors. In contrast, brassinosteroids (BRs) are major hypocotyl elongation-promoting hormones in plants, which could optimize photomorphogenesis concurrent with external light. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonism of light and BR signaling remain largely unknown. Here we show that the Arabidopsis red light receptor phyB is involved in inhibition of BR signaling via its direct interaction with the BR transcription factor BES1. In our study, the phyB mutant displays BR hypersensitivity, which is repressed in transgenic plants overexpressing phyB, suggesting that phyB negatively regulates the BR signaling pathway. In addition, protein interaction results show that phyB directly interacts with dephosphorylated BES1, the physiologically active form of BES1 induced by BR, in a red light-dependent manner. Genetic analyses suggest that phyB may act partially through BES1 to regulate BR signaling. Transcriptomic data and quantitative real-time PCR assay further show that phyB-mediated red light inhibits BR signaling by repressing expression of BES1 target genes, including the BR biosynthesis genes DWF4, the SAUR family and the PRE family genes required for promoting cell elongation. Finally, we found that red light treatment inhibits the DNA-binding activity of BES1 and photoactivated phyB represses the transcriptional activity of BES1 under red light. Taken together, we suggest that the interaction of phyB with dephosphorylated BES1 may allow plants to balance light and BR signaling by repressing transcriptional activity of BES1 to regulate expression of its target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongquan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li X, Tao Q, Miao J, Yang Z, Gu M, Liang G, Zhou Y. Evaluation of differential qPE9-1/DEP1 protein domains in rice grain length and weight variation. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:5. [PMID: 30706248 PMCID: PMC6357212 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND qPE9-1/DEP1, encoding a G protein γ subunit, has multiple effects on plant architecture, grain size, and yield in rice. The qPE9-1 protein contains an N-terminal G gamma-like (GGL) domain, a putative transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal cysteine-rich domain. However, the roles of each domain remain unclear. RESULTS In the present study, we focused on the genetic effects of different domains of qPE9-1 in the regulation of grain length and weight. We generated a series of transgenic plants expressing different truncated qPE9-1 proteins through constitutive expression and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 strategies. Phenotypic analysis indicated that the complete or long-tailed qPE9-1 contributed to the elongation of grains, while the GGL domain alone and short-tailed qPE9-1 led to short grains. The long C-terminus of qPE9-1 including two or three C-terminal von Willebrand factor type C domains effectively repressed the negative effects of the GGL domain on grain length and weight. qPE9-1-overexpressing lines in a Wuxianggeng 9 (carrying a qpe9-1 allele) background showed increased grain yield per plant, but lodging occurred in some years. CONCLUSIONS Manipulation of the C-terminal length of qPE9-1 through genetic engineering can be used to generate varieties with various grain lengths and weights according to different requirements in rice breeding. The genetic effects of qPE9-1/qpe9-1 are multidimensional, and breeders should take into account other factors including genetic backgrounds and planting conditions in the use of qPE9-1/qpe9-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Quandan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gruszka D. Crosstalk of the Brassinosteroid Signalosome with Phytohormonal and Stress Signaling Components Maintains a Balance between the Processes of Growth and Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092675. [PMID: 30205610 PMCID: PMC6163518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones, which regulate various processes during plant life cycle. Intensive studies conducted with genetic, physiological and molecular approaches allowed identification of various components participating in the BR signaling—from the ligand perception, through cytoplasmic signal transduction, up to the BR-dependent gene expression, which is regulated by transcription factors and chromatin modifying enzymes. The identification of new components of the BR signaling is an ongoing process, however an emerging view of the BR signalosome indicates that this process is interconnected at various stages with other metabolic pathways. The signaling crosstalk is mediated by the BR signaling proteins, which function as components of the transmembrane BR receptor, by a cytoplasmic kinase playing a role of the major negative regulator of the BR signaling, and by the transcription factors, which regulate the BR-dependent gene expression and form a complicated regulatory system. This molecular network of interdependencies allows a balance in homeostasis of various phytohormones to be maintained. Moreover, the components of the BR signalosome interact with factors regulating plant reactions to environmental cues and stress conditions. This intricate network of interactions enables a rapid adaptation of plant metabolism to constantly changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Okamoto T, Takatani S, Noutoshi Y, Motose H, Takahashi T. Omeprazole Enhances Mechanical Stress-Induced Root Growth Reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1581-1591. [PMID: 30011034 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical sensing is one of the most fundamental processes for sessile plants to survive and grow. The response is known to involve calcium elevation in the cell. Arabidopsis seedlings grown horizontally on agar plates covered with a dialysis membrane show a 2-fold reduction in root growth compared with those grown vertically, a response to mechanical stress generated due to gravitropism of the root. To understand the molecular mechanism of how plant roots sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, we screened chemical libraries for compounds that affect the horizontal root growth in this experimental system and found that, while having no effect on root gravitropism, omeprazole known as a proton pump inhibitor significantly enhanced the mechanical stress-induced root growth reduction especially in lower pH media. In contrast, omeprazole reversed neither the alleviation of the mechanical stress-induced growth reduction caused by calcium depletion nor the insensitivity to the mechanical stress in the ethylene signaling mutant ein2. Together with the finding that omeprazole increased expression of touch-induced genes and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1, our results suggest that the target of omeprazole mediates ethylene signaling in the root growth response to mechanical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shogo Takatani
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Motose
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factors BZR1/BES1 function as a coordinator in multisignal-regulated plant growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:561-571. [PMID: 29673687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BZR1 and BES1 are key transcription factors of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and represent the integration node of numerous signaling cascades. Their direct target genes have been identified, and BZR1/BES1-DNA interactions have been experimentally verified. Importantly, BZR1/BES1 also integrate different growth and development events via direct protein-protein interactions. For instance, DELLAs, PIFs, ARF6, and PKL, all directly interact with BZR1/BES1, forming a BZR1/BES1-centered regulatory network to coordinate cell elongation. By dissecting various BZR1/BES1-mediated BR responses, the concept that BZR1/BES1 act as an integration hub in multisignal-regulated plant growth and development was developed. The regulation of BZR1/BES1 is dynamic and multifaceted, including phosphorylation status, activity, and stability. Moreover, certain epigenetic modification mechanisms are involved in BZR1/BES1's regulation of gene expression. Herein, we review recent advances in BZR1/BES1-mediated molecular connections between BR and other pathways, highlighting the central role of the BZR1/BES1 interactome in optimizing plant growth and development.
Collapse
|