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Fan J, Wang D, Kaneko S, Shimizu K. Lipidomic Profiling of Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer (Agaricomycetes) through Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Examining Lipid Dynamics Changes during Fruiting Body Formation and Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18271-18282. [PMID: 39074379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes (enokitake) is widely recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Understanding the biochemical processes, such as lipid metabolism during fruiting body formation, is essential for enhancing mushroom cultivation and utilization. This study aimed at elucidating the dynamic lipidomic changes during seven growth stages of F. velutipes using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results revealed significant increases in ceramides along with the growth and a sharp decline in phosphatidylinositols from mycelial to primordial stages. Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, recently discovered for their bioactivities, showed high intensities in the mycelial and primordial stages but decreased rapidly thereafter. These findings provide profound insights into the lipid profiles associated with mushroom morphology and development. This lipidomics study establishes a foundational understanding for future research in agricultural and food chemistry applications, potentially improving industrial production and quality control of F. velutipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Fan
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kaneko
- Japan Tree Doctors Association, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Camarero MC, Briegas B, Corbacho J, Labrador J, Román ÁC, Verde A, Gallardo M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Variations in Fruit Ploidy Level and Cell Size between Small- and Large-Fruited Olive Cultivars during Fruit Ontogeny. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:990. [PMID: 38611519 PMCID: PMC11013306 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the major oil fruit tree crops worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying olive fruit growth remain poorly understood. Here, we examine questions regarding the interaction of endoreduplication, cell division, and cell expansion with olive fruit growth in relation to the final fruit size by measuring fruit diameter, pericarp thickness, cell area, and ploidy level during fruit ontogeny in three olive cultivars with different fruit sizes. The results demonstrate that differences in the fruit size are related to the maximum growth rate between olive cultivars during early fruit growth, about 50 days post-anthesis (DPA). Differences in fruit weight between olive cultivars were found from 35 DPA, while the distinctive fruit shape became detectable from 21 DPA, even though the increase in pericarp thickness became detectable from 7 DPA in the three cultivars. During early fruit growth, intense mitotic activity appeared during the first 21 DPA in the fruit, whereas the highest cell expansion rates occurred from 28 to 42 DPA during this phase, suggesting that olive fruit cell number is determined from 28 DPA in the three cultivars. Moreover, olive fruit of the large-fruited cultivars was enlarged due to relatively higher cell division and expansion rates compared with the small-fruited cultivar. The ploidy level of olive fruit pericarp between early and late growth was different, but similar among olive cultivars, revealing that ploidy levels are not associated with cell size, in terms of different 8C levels during olive fruit growth. In the three olive cultivars, the maximum endoreduplication level (8C) occurred just before strong cell expansion during early fruit growth in fruit pericarp, whereas the cell expansion during late fruit growth occurred without preceding endoreduplication. We conclude that the basis for fruit size differences between olive cultivars is determined mainly by different cell division and expansion rates during the early fruit growth phase. These data provide new findings on the contribution of fruit ploidy and cell size to fruit size in olive and ultimately on the control of olive fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Camarero
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Beatriz Briegas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jorge Corbacho
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel-Carlos Román
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antía Verde
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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3
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Wentzien NM, Fernández-González AJ, Valverde-Corredor A, Lasa AV, Villadas PJ, Wicaksono WA, Cernava T, Berg G, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Pitting the olive seed microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:17. [PMID: 38491515 PMCID: PMC10943921 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex and co-evolved interplay between plants and their microbiota is crucial for the health and fitness of the plant holobiont. However, the microbiota of the seeds is still relatively unexplored and no studies have been conducted with olive trees so far. In this study, we aimed to characterize the bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities present in seeds of ten olive genotypes growing in the same orchard through amplicon sequencing to test whether the olive genotype is a major driver in shaping the seed microbial community, and to identify the origin of the latter. Therefore, we have developed a methodology for obtaining samples from the olive seed's endosphere under sterile conditions. RESULTS A diverse microbiota was uncovered in olive seeds, the plant genotype being an important factor influencing the structure and composition of the microbial communities. The most abundant bacterial phylum was Actinobacteria, accounting for an average relative abundance of 41%. At genus level, Streptomyces stood out because of its potential influence on community structure. Within the fungal community, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the most abundant phyla, including the genera Malassezia, Cladosporium, and Mycosphaerella. The shared microbiome was composed of four bacterial (Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Promicromonospora and Acidipropionibacterium) and three fungal (Malassezia, Cladosporium and Mycosphaerella) genera. Furthermore, a comparison between findings obtained here and earlier results from the root endosphere of the same trees indicated that genera such as Streptomyces and Malassezia were present in both olive compartments. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first insights into the composition of the olive seed microbiota. The highly abundant fungal genus Malassezia and the bacterial genus Streptomyces reflect a unique signature of the olive seed microbiota. The genotype clearly shaped the composition of the seed's microbial community, although a shared microbiome was found. We identified genera that may translocate from the roots to the seeds, as they were present in both organs of the same trees. These findings set the stage for future research into potential vertical transmission of olive endophytes and the role of specific microbial taxa in seed germination, development, and seedling survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria M Wentzien
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ana V Lasa
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo J Villadas
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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Camarero MC, Briegas B, Corbacho J, Labrador J, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3832. [PMID: 38005729 PMCID: PMC10675085 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of the most valuable fruit trees worldwide. However, the hormonal mechanisms underlying the fruit growth and ripening in olives remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the physiological and hormonal changes, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), as well as the expression patterns of hormone-related genes, using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, during fruit growth and ripening in two olive cultivars, 'Arbequina' and 'Picual', with contrasting fruit size and shape as well as fruit ripening duration. Hormonal profiling revealed that olive fruit growth involves a lowering of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CKs), and jasmonic acid (JA) levels as well as a rise in salicylic acid (SA) levels from the endocarp lignification to the onset of fruit ripening in both cultivars. During olive fruit ripening, both abscisic acid (ABA) and anthocyanin levels rose, while JA levels fell, and SA levels showed no significant changes in either cultivar. By contrast, differential accumulation patterns of gibberellins (GAs) were found between the two cultivars during olive fruit growth and ripening. GA1 was not detected at either stage of fruit development in 'Arbequina', revealing a specific association between the GA1 and 'Picual', the cultivar with large sized, elongated, and fast-ripening fruit. Moreover, ABA may play a central role in regulating olive fruit ripening through transcriptional regulation of key ABA metabolism genes, whereas the IAA, CK, and GA levels and/or responsiveness differ between olive cultivars during olive fruit ripening. Taken together, the results indicate that the relative absence or presence of endogenous GA1 is associated with differences in fruit morphology and size as well as in the ripening duration in olives. Such detailed knowledge may be of help to design new strategies for effective manipulation of olive fruit size as well as ripening duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Mejía-Mendoza MA, Garcidueñas-Piña C, Barrera-Figueroa BE, Morales-Domínguez JF. Identification and Profiling Analysis of microRNAs in Guava Fruit ( Psidium guajava L.) and Their Role during Ripening. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2029. [PMID: 38002972 PMCID: PMC10670931 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a climacteric fruit with an accelerated post-harvest overripening. miRNAs are small RNA sequences that function as gene regulators in eukaryotes and are essential for their survival and development. In this study, miRNA libraries were constructed, sequenced and analyzed from the breaker and ripe stages of guava fruit cv. Siglo XXI. One hundred and seventy-four mature miRNA sequences from 28 miRNA families were identified. The taxonomic distribution of the guava miRNAs showed a high level of conservation among the dicotyledonous plants. Most of the predicted miRNA target genes were transcription factors and genes involved in the metabolism of phytohormones such as abscisic acid, auxins, and ethylene, as revealed through an ontology enrichment analysis. The miRNA families miR168, miR169, miR396, miR397, and miR482 were classified as being directly associated with maturation, whereas the miRNA families miR160, miR165, miR167, miR3930, miR395, miR398, and miR535 were classified as being indirectly associated. With this study, we intended to increase our knowledge and understanding of the regulatory process involved in the ripening process, thereby providing valuable information for future research on the ripening of guava fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alejandro Mejía-Mendoza
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Av. Universidad, #940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (M.A.M.-M.); (C.G.-P.)
| | - Cristina Garcidueñas-Piña
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Av. Universidad, #940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (M.A.M.-M.); (C.G.-P.)
| | - Blanca Estela Barrera-Figueroa
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central #200, Parque Industrial, Tuxtepec 68301, Mexico;
| | - José Francisco Morales-Domínguez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Av. Universidad, #940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (M.A.M.-M.); (C.G.-P.)
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6
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Julca I, Vargas P, Gabaldón T. Phylogenomics of the Olea europaea complex using 15 whole genomes supports recurrent genetic admixture together with differentiation into seven subspecies. BMC Biol 2023; 21:85. [PMID: 37069619 PMCID: PMC10111821 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last taxonomic account of Olea recognises six subspecies within Olea europaea L., including the Mediterranean olive tree (subsp. europaea) and five other subspecies (laperrinei, guanchica, maroccana, cerasiformis, and cuspidata) distributed across the Old World, including Macaronesian islands. The evolutionary history of this monophyletic group (O. europaea complex) has revealed a reticulated scenario involving hybridization and polyploidization events, leading to the presence of a polyploid series associated with the subspecies. However, how the polyploids originated, and how the different subspecies contributed to the domestication of the cultivated olive are questions still debated. Tracing the recent evolution and genetic diversification of the species is key for the management and preservation of its genetic resources. To study the recent history of the O. europaea complex, we compared newly sequenced and available genomes for 27 individuals representing the six subspecies. RESULTS Our results show discordance between current subspecies distributions and phylogenomic patterns, which support intricate biogeographic patterns. The subspecies guanchica, restricted to the Canary Islands, is closely related to subsp. europaea, and shows a high genetic diversity. The subsp. laperrinei, restricted now to high mountains of the Sahara desert, and the Canarian subsp. guanchica contributed to the formation of the allotetraploid subsp. cerasiformis (Madeira islands) and the allohexaploid subsp. maroccana (western Sahara region). Our phylogenomic data support the recognition of one more taxon (subsp. ferruginea) for the Asian populations, which is clearly segregated from the African subsp. cuspidata. CONCLUSIONS In sum, the O. europaea complex underwent several processes of hybridization, polyploidy, and geographical isolation resulting in seven independent lineages with certain morphological traits recognised into subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Julca
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, Calle Claudio Moyano 1, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Garrido A, Conde A, De Vos RCH, Cunha A. The influence of light microclimate on the lipid profile and associated transcripts of photosynthetically active grape berry seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1022379. [PMID: 36684778 PMCID: PMC9846335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and oils determine the quality and industrial value of grape seeds. Studies with legume seeds demonstrated the influence of light on lipid metabolism and its association with seed photosynthesis. Grape berry seeds are photosynthetically active till mature stage, but mostly during the green stage and veraison. The objective of this work was to compare the lipid profiles of seeds from white grape berries (cv. Alvarinho) growing at two contrasting light microclimates in the canopy (low and high light, LL and HL respectively), previously reported to have distinct photosynthetic competences. Berries were collected at three developmental stages (green, veraison and mature) and from both microclimates, and the seeds were analyzed for their lipid profiles in an untargeted manner using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LCMS). The seed lipid profiles differed greatly among berry developmental stages, and to a lesser extend between microclimates. The LL microclimate coincided with a higher relative levels of fatty acids specifically at mature stage, while the HL microclimate led to an up-regulation of ceramides at green stage and of triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids at mature stage. The seed transcript levels of four key genes (VvACCase1, VvΔ9FAD, VvFAD6 and VvLOXO) involved in fatty acid metabolism were analyzed using real-time qPCR. The lipoxygenase gene (VvLOXO) was down- and up-regulated by HL, as compared to LL, in seeds at green and veraison stages, respectively. These results suggest that seed photosynthesis may play distinct roles during seed growth and development, possibly by fueling different lipid pathways: at green stage mainly towards the accumulation of membrane-bound lipid species that are essential for cell growth and maintenance of the photosynthetic machinery itself; and at veraison and mature stages mainly towards storage lipids that contribute to the final quality of the grape seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Garrido
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Conde
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ric C. H. De Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research (Wageningen-UR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Cunha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Camarero MC, Briegas B, Corbacho J, Labrador J, Gallardo M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Characterization of Transcriptome Dynamics during Early Fruit Development in Olive ( Olea europaea L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020961. [PMID: 36674474 PMCID: PMC9864153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the olive (Olea europaea L.), an economically leading oil crop worldwide, fruit size and yield are determined by the early stages of fruit development. However, few detailed analyses of this stage of fruit development are available. This study offers an extensive characterization of the various processes involved in early olive fruit growth (cell division, cell cycle regulation, and cell expansion). For this, cytological, hormonal, and transcriptional changes characterizing the phases of early fruit development were analyzed in olive fruit of the cv. 'Picual'. First, the surface area and mitotic activity (by flow cytometry) of fruit cells were investigated during early olive fruit development, from 0 to 42 days post-anthesis (DPA). The results demonstrate that the cell division phase extends up to 21 DPA, during which the maximal proportion of 4C cells in olive fruits was reached at 14 DPA, indicating that intensive cell division was activated in olive fruits at that time. Subsequently, fruit cell expansion lasted as long as 3 weeks more before endocarp lignification. Finally, the molecular mechanisms controlling the early fruit development were investigated by analyzing the transcriptome of olive flowers at anthesis (fruit set) as well as olive fruits at 14 DPA (cell division phase) and at 28 DPA (cell expansion phase). Sequential induction of the cell cycle regulating genes is associated with the upregulation of genes involved in cell wall remodeling and ion fluxes, and with a shift in plant hormone metabolism and signaling genes during early olive fruit development. This occurs together with transcriptional activity of subtilisin-like protease proteins together with transcription factors potentially involved in early fruit growth signaling. This gene expression profile, together with hormonal regulators, offers new insights for understanding the processes that regulate cell division and expansion, and ultimately fruit yield and olive size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Camarero
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Beatriz Briegas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jorge Corbacho
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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Mejía-Mendoza MA, Garcidueñas-Piña C, Padilla-Ramírez JS, Soria-Guerra RE, Morales-Domínguez JF. Identification in silico and expression analysis of a β-1-4-endoglucanase and β-galactosidase genes related to ripening in guava fruit. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:3. [PMID: 34978628 PMCID: PMC8724366 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guava fruit softening is a crucial process during ripening and this process involves a number of enzymes that modifies the cell wall. Two of the enzymes that regulate this process are (a) the β-1, 4-endoglucanase 17 (BEG) which hydrolyze β-1, 4 bonds from cellulose and hemicellulose, and (b) β-galactosidase (BGA) that hydrolyzes pectin chains. Bioinformatics and expression analysis information on these genes is limited in guava fruit. RESULTS A fragment of a β-1, 4-endoglucanase 17 (PgE17), and another of a β-galactosidase (PgGa1) were identified. These sequences have a similarity of more than 85% with those reported in the NCBI database. In the guava genome, one homologous sequence was found for PgE17 in Chr 4 and two homologous to PgGa1: one in Chr 3 and the other one in Chr 6. Putative protein PgE17 contains part of the glyco_hydro_9 domain. Putative protein PgGa1 has a part of the glyco_hydro_35 domain. Phylogenetic analysis of PgE17 and PgGa1 revealed that both are highly conserved inside the Myrtaceae family. In silico expression analysis showed that both PgE17 and PgGa1 work in a coordinated way with other cell wall modifier enzymes. Expression of these genes was found in all the guava samples analyzed. However, the highest expression was found in the fruit in the breaking and ripe states. CONCLUSIONS A β-1, 4-endoglucanase 17, and β-galactosidase 1 sequences were identified. PgE17 and PgGa1 are expressed in all the plant tissues, and fruit ripening states. Although, the highest expression was on breaker and ripe states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Mejía-Mendoza
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Av. Universidad, #940, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 20100, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Cristina Garcidueñas-Piña
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Av. Universidad, #940, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 20100, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - José S Padilla-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Campo Experimental Pabellón, KM 32.5. Carretera Aguascalientes-Zacatecas, C.P. 20660, Pabellón de Arteaga, Aguascalientes, Ags, México
| | - Ruth E Soria-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6-Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
| | - José Francisco Morales-Domínguez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Av. Universidad, #940, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 20100, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México.
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10
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Sphingolipids in foodstuff: Compositions, distribution, digestion, metabolism and health effects - A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110566. [PMID: 34399542 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are common in all eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses, and played a vital role in human health. They are involved in physiological processes, including intracellular transport, cell division, and signal transduction. However, there are limited reviews on dietary effects on endogenous SLs metabolism and further on human health. Various dietary conditions, including the SLs-enriched diet, high-fat diet, and vitamins, can change the level of endogenous SLs metabolites and even affect human health. This review systematically summarizes the main known SLs in foods concerning their variety and contents, as well as their isolation and identification approaches. Moreover, the present review discusses the role of dietary (particularly SLs-enriched diet, high-fat diet, and vitamins) in endogenous SLs metabolism, highlighting how exogenous SLs are digested and absorbed. The role of SLs family in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancers, neurological disorders, infectious and inflammatory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and in recently coronavirus disease-19 outbreak was also discussed. In the post-epidemic era, we believe that the concern for health and the need for plant-based products will increase. Therefore, a need for research on the absorption and metabolism pathway of SLs (especially plant-derived SLs) and their bioavailability is necessary. Moreover, the effects of storage treatment and processing on the content and composition of SLs in food are worth exploring. Further studies should also be conducted on the dose-response of SLs on human health to support the development of SLs supplements. More importantly, new approaches, such as, making SLs based hydrogels can effectively achieve sustained release and targeted therapies.
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Carmona-Salazar L, Cahoon RE, Gasca-Pineda J, González-Solís A, Vera-Estrella R, Treviño V, Cahoon EB, Gavilanes-Ruiz M. Plasma and vacuolar membrane sphingolipidomes: composition and insights on the role of main molecular species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:624-639. [PMID: 33570616 PMCID: PMC8154057 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid structures affect membrane biophysical properties such as thickness, stability, permeability, curvature, fluidity, asymmetry, and interdigitation, contributing to membrane function. Sphingolipids are abundant in plant endomembranes and plasma membranes (PMs) and comprise four classes: ceramides, hydroxyceramides, glucosylceramides, and glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs). They constitute an array of chemical structures whose distribution in plant membranes is unknown. With the aim of describing the hydrophobic portion of sphingolipids, 18 preparations from microsomal (MIC), vacuolar (VM), PM, and detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) were isolated from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Sphingolipid species, encompassing pairing of long-chain bases and fatty acids, were identified and quantified in these membranes. Sphingolipid concentrations were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis to assess sphingolipid diversity, abundance, and predominance across membranes. The four sphingolipid classes were present at different levels in each membrane: VM was enriched in glucosylceramides, hydroxyceramides, and GIPCs; PM in GIPCs, in agreement with their key role in signal recognition and sensing; and DRM in GIPCs, as reported by their function in nanodomain formation. While a total of 84 sphingolipid species was identified in MIC, VM, PM, and DRM, only 34 were selectively distributed in the four membrane types. Conversely, every membrane contained a different number of predominant species (11 in VM, 6 in PM, and 17 in DRM). This study reveals that MIC, VM, PM, and DRM contain the same set of sphingolipid species but every membrane source contains its own specific assortment based on the proportion of sphingolipid classes and on the predominance of individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carmona-Salazar
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conj. E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. 04510, Cd. de México, México
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, NE 68588–0665, USA
| | - Jaime Gasca-Pineda
- UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, 54090, Estado de México, México
| | - Ariadna González-Solís
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, NE 68588–0665, USA
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Victor Treviño
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, NE 68588–0665, USA
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruiz
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conj. E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. 04510, Cd. de México, México
- Author for communication:
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Xu L, Xu Z, Strashnov I, Liao X. Use of information dependent acquisition mass spectra and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion mass spectra for fruit juices metabolomics and authentication. Metabolomics 2020; 16:81. [PMID: 32638130 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics are the main untargeted methods used for juice metabolomics to solve the authentication problem faced in fruit juice industry. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performances of different untargeted metabolomics methods on fruit juices metabolomics and authentication, orange and apple fruit juices were selected for this study. METHODS IDA-MS and SWATH-MS based on UHPLC-QTOF were used for the metabolomics and authenticity determination of apple and orange juices, including the lab-made samples of oranges (Citrus sinensis Osb.) from Jiangxi Province, apples (Malus domestica Borkh) from Shandong Province, and different brands of commercial orange and apple juice samples from markets. RESULTS IDA-MS and SWATH-MS could both acquire numerous MS1 features and MS2 information of juice components, while SWATH-MS excels at the acquisition rate of MS2. Distinctive separation between authentic orange juice and not authentic orange juice could be seen from principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis based on both IDA-MS and SWATH-MS. After analysis of variance, fold change analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant mode, 53 and 46 potential markers were defined by IDA-MS and SWATH-MS (with 77.4% and 100% MS2 acquisition rate) separately. Subsequently, these potential markers were putatively annotated using general chemical databases with 6 more annotated by SWATH-MS. Furthermore, 7 of the potential markers, l-asparagine, umbelliferone, glucosamine, phlorin, epicatechin, phytosphingosine and chlorogenic acid, were identified with standards. For the consideration of model simplicity, two determined makers (umbelliferone and chlorogenic acid) were selected to construct the DD-SIMCA model in commercial samples because of their good correlation with apple adulteration proportion, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 100% and 95%. CONCLUSION SWATH-MS excels at the MS2 acquisition of juice components and potential markers. This study provides an overall performance comparison between IDA-MS and SWATH-MS, and guidance for the method selection on fruit juice metabolomics and juice authenticity determination. Two of the potential markers determined, umbelliferone and chlorogenic acid, could be used as apple juice indicators in orange juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ilya Strashnov
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester, UK
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
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Huang D, Tian W, Feng J, Zhu S. Interaction between nitric oxide and storage temperature on sphingolipid metabolism of postharvest peach fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:60-68. [PMID: 32200191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Both nitric oxide (NO) and cold storage have positive effects on the maintenance of fruit quality during storage. However, the roles of NO and storage temperatures in regulating the responses of sphingolipids metabolism to chilling injury of peach fruit during storage remain unknown. Peaches were treated by immersion in distilled water and 15 μmol L-1 NO solution, then stored at 25 °C and 0 °C, respectively. The effects of NO-treatment and storage temperature on the activities of enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism and the contents of sphingolipids in peach fruits were studied. NO maintained higher activities of acid phosphatase (AP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in peach fruits at 25 °C, but promoted the decrease in the activities of AP and ALP at 0 °C, suggesting the regulation by NO on AP and ALP could be modulated by temperature. Compared with the storage at 25 °C, cold storage at 0 °C decreased the activities of phospholipase A (PLA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR), sphingosine kinase (SPHK), ceramide synthase (CERS), ceramide kinase (CERK), and the contents of sphingosine (SPH), ceramide (CER), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingomyelin (SM), and increased the activities of phospholipase C (PLC), phospholipase D (PLD), sphingomyelin synthase (SMS). NO significantly increased the contents of sphingolipid metabolites, and the activities of PLA, KDSR, SPHK, CERS, CERK, but decreased the activities of PLC, PLD, SMS of peaches. The results suggested that NO could maintain sphingolipid metabolism to relieve the response of the postharvest fruit to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wen Tian
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Jianrong Feng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
| | - Shuhua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Huby E, Napier JA, Baillieul F, Michaelson LV, Dhondt‐Cordelier S. Sphingolipids: towards an integrated view of metabolism during the plant stress response. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:659-670. [PMID: 31211869 PMCID: PMC6973233 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants exist in an environment of changing abiotic and biotic stresses. They have developed a complex set of strategies to respond to these stresses and over recent years it has become clear that sphingolipids are a key player in these responses. Sphingolipids are not universally present in all three domains of life. Many bacteria and archaea do not produce sphingolipids but they are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and have been intensively studied in yeast and mammals. During the last decade there has been a steadily increasing interest in plant sphingolipids. Plant sphingolipids exhibit structural differences when compared with their mammalian counterparts and it is now clear that they perform some unique functions. Sphingolipids are recognised as critical components of the plant plasma membrane and endomembrane system. Besides being important structural elements of plant membranes, their particular structure contributes to the fluidity and biophysical order. Sphingolipids are also involved in multiple cellular and regulatory processes including vesicle trafficking, plant development and defence. This review will focus on our current knowledge as to the function of sphingolipids during plant stress responses, not only as structural components of biological membranes, but also as signalling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Huby
- Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneBP 1039F‐51687Reims Cedex 2France
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux InterfacesGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversité de Liège2 Passage des DéportésB‐5030GemblouxBelgique
| | | | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneBP 1039F‐51687Reims Cedex 2France
| | | | - Sandrine Dhondt‐Cordelier
- Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes EA 4707SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneBP 1039F‐51687Reims Cedex 2France
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Corbacho J, Inês C, Paredes MA, Labrador J, Cordeiro AM, Gallardo M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Modulation of sphingolipid long-chain base composition and gene expression during early olive-fruit development, and putative role of brassinosteroid. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:383-392. [PMID: 30390495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are abundant membrane components and signalling molecules in various aspects of plant development. However, the role of sphingolipids in early fleshy-fruit growth has rarely been investigated. In this study, we first investigated the temporal changes in sphingolipid long-chain base (LCB) content, composition, and gene expression that occurred during flower opening and early fruit development in olive (Olea europaea L. cv Picual). Moreover, the interaction between sphingolipid and the plant hormone, brassinosteroid (BR), during the early fruit development was also explored. For this, BR levels were manipulated through the application of exogenous BRs (24-epibrassinolide, EBR) or a BR biosynthesis inhibitor (brassinazole, Brz) and their effects on early fruit development, sphingolipid LCB content, and gene expression were examined in olive fruit at 14 days post-anthesis (DPA). We here show that sphingolipid with C-4 hydroxylation and Δ8 desaturation with a preference for (E)-isomer formation are quantitatively the most important sphingolipids in olive reproductive organs. In this work, the total LCB amount significantly decreased at the anthesis stage, but olive sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (OeSPL) gene was expressed exclusively in flower and upregulated during the anthesis, revealing an association with the d18:1(8E) accumulation. However, the LCB content increased in parallel with the upregulation of the expression of genes for key sphingolipid biosynthetic and LCB modification enzymes during early fruit development in olive. Likewise, we found that EBR exogenously applied to olive trees significantly stimulated the fruit growth rate whereas Brz inhibited fruit growth rate after 7 and 14 days of treatment. In addition, this inhibitory effect could be counteracted by the application of EBR. The promotion of early fruit growth was accompanied by the down-regulation of sphingolipid LCB content and gene expression in olive fruit, whereas Brz application raised levels of sphingolipid LCB content and gene expression in olive fruit after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Thus, our data indicate that endogenous sphingolipid LCB and gene-expression levels are intricately controlled during early fruit development and also suggest a possible link between BR, the sphingolipid content/gene expression, and early fruit development in olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Corbacho
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carla Inês
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel A Paredes
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonio M Cordeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., UEIS Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Estrada de Gil Vaz, Apartado 6, 7351-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria C Gomez-Jimenez
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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