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Liu Z, Alemán-Báez J, Visser RGF, Bonnema G. Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Development in Time: How Differential Parenchyma Tissue Growth Affects Leafy Head Formation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:656. [PMID: 38475502 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to categorize the morphological changes during cabbage (B. oleracea ssp. capitata) development, seedling, rosette, folding, and heading, and to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of the leaf curvature, essential for the formation of the leafy head. We followed the growth of two cabbage cultivars with distinct head shapes (round and pointed) and one non-heading collard cultivar; we phenotyped the size and volume of the whole plant as well as the size, shape, and curvature of the leaves during growth. By integrating these phenotypic data, we determined the four vegetative stages for both cabbages. The histological phenotypes of microtome sections from five distinct leaf positions of the rosette, folding, and heading leaves at two timepoints during leaf growth were quantified and revealed variations in cellular parameters among leaf types, between leaf positions, and between the adaxial and abaxial sides. We identified two synergistic cellular mechanisms contributing to the curvature of heading leaves: differential growth across the leaf blade, with increased growth at the leaf's center relative to the margins; and the increased expansion of the spongy parenchyma layer compared to the palisade parenchyma layer, resulting in the direction of the curvature, which is inwards. These two processes together contribute to the typical leafy heads of cabbages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Liu
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Alemán-Báez
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Tabusam J, Liu M, Luo L, Zulfiqar S, Shen S, Ma W, Zhao J. Physiological Control and Genetic Basis of Leaf Curvature and Heading in Brassica rapa L. J Adv Res 2023; 53:49-59. [PMID: 36581197 PMCID: PMC10658314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heading is an important agronomic feature for Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and lettuce. The heading leaves function as nutrition storage organs, which contribute to the high quality and economic worth of leafy heads. Leaf development is crucial during the heading stage, most genes previously predicted to be involved in the heading process are based on Arabidopsis leaf development studies. AIM OF REVIEW Till date, there is no published review article that demonstrated a complete layout of all the identified regulators of leaf curvature and heading. In this review, we have summarized all the identified physiological and genetic regulators that are directly or indirectly involved in leaf curvature and heading in Brassica crops. By integrating all identified regulators that provide a coherent logic of leaf incurvature and heading, we proposed a molecular mechanism in Brassica crops with graphical illustrations. This review adds value to future breeding of distinct heading kinds of cabbage and Chinese cabbage by providing unique insights into leaf development. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Leaf curvature and heading are established by synergistic interactions among genes, transcription factors, microRNAs, phytohormones, and environmental stimuli that regulate primary and secondary morphogenesis. Various genes have been identified using transformation and genome editing that are responsible for the formation of leaf curvature and heading in Brassica crops. A range of leaf morphologies have been observed in Brassica, which are established because of the mutated determinants that are responsible for cell division and leaf polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Tabusam
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Sumer Zulfiqar
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
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Jiang M, Zhang Y, Yang X, Li X, Lang H. Brassica rapa orphan gene BR1 delays flowering time in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135684. [PMID: 36909380 PMCID: PMC9998908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Orphan genes are essential to the emergence of species-specific traits and the process of evolution, lacking sequence similarity to any other identified genes. As they lack recognizable domains or functional motifs, however, efforts to characterize these orphan genes are often difficult. Flowering is a key trait in Brassica rapa, as premature bolting can have a pronounced adverse impact on plant quality and yield. Bolting resistance-related orphan genes, however, have yet to be characterized. In this study, an orphan gene designated BOLTING RESISTANCE 1 (BR1) was identified and found through gene structural variation analyses to be more highly conserved in Chinese cabbage than in other available accessions. The expression of BR1 was increased in bolting resistant Chinese cabbage and decreased in bolting non-resistant type, and the expression of some mark genes were consist with bolting resistance phenotype. BR1 is primarily expressed in leaves at the vegetative growth stage, and the highest BR1 expression levels during the flowering stage were observed in the flower buds and silique as compared to other tissue types. The overexpression of BR1 in Arabidopsis was associated with enhanced bolting resistance under long day (LD) conditions, with these transgenic plants exhibiting significant decreases in stem height, rosette radius, and chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic sequencing of WT and BR1OE plants showed the association of BR1 with other bolting resistance genes. Transcriptomic sequencing and qPCR revealed that six flowering integrator genes and one chlorophyll biosynthesis-related gene were downregulated following BR1 overexpression. Six key genes in photoperiodic flowering pathway exhibited downward expression trends in BR1OE plants, while the expression of floral repressor AtFLC gene was upregulated. The transcripts of these key genes were consistent with observed phenotypes in BR1OE plants, and the results indicated that BR1 may function through vernalization and photoperiodic pathway. Instead, the protein encoded by BR1 gene was subsequently found to localize to the nucleus. Taken together, we first propose that orphan gene BR1 functions as a novel regulator of flowering time, and these results suggested that BR1 may represent a promising candidate gene to support the selective breeding of Chinese cabbage cultivars with enhanced bolting resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Lang
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
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Jantean L, Okada K, Kawakatsu Y, Kurotani KI, Notaguchi M. Measurement of reactive oxygen species production by luminol-based assay in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa ssp. rapa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:415-420. [PMID: 37283611 PMCID: PMC10240919 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for plant biological processes. As signaling molecules, ROS regulate plant growth and development through cell expansion, elongation, and programmed cell death. Furthermore, ROS production is induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) treatment and biotic stresses, and contributes to plant resistance to pathogens. Thus, MAMP-induced ROS production has been an indicator for plant early immune responses or stress responses. One of widely used methods for the measurement is a luminol-based assay to measure extracellular ROS production with a bacterial flagellin epitope (flg22) as a MAMP elicitor. Nicotiana benthamiana is susceptible to a wide variety of plant pathogenic agents and therefore commonly used for ROS measurements. On the other hand, Arabidopsis thaliana, many of genetical lines of which are available, is also conducted to ROS measurements. Tests in an asterid N. benthamiana and a rosid A. thaliana can reveal conserved molecular mechanisms in ROS production. However, the small size of A. thaliana leaves requires many seedlings for experiments. This study examined flg22-induced ROS production in another member of the Brassicaceae family, Brassica rapa ssp. rapa (turnip), which has large and flat leaves. Our experiments indicated that 10 nM and 100 nM flg22 treatments induced high ROS levels in turnip. Turnip tended to have a lower standard deviation in multiple concentrations of flg22 treatment. Therefore, these results suggested that turnip can be a good material from the rosid clade for ROS measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Jantean
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okada
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yaichi Kawakatsu
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kurotani
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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5
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Hao N, Cao J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Du Y, Wu T. Understanding the molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis in vegetable crops conduces to breeding process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971453. [PMID: 36570936 PMCID: PMC9773389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphology can affect the development and yield of plants by regulating plant architecture and photosynthesis. Several factors can determine the final leaf morphology, including the leaf complexity, size, shape, and margin type, which suggests that leaf morphogenesis is a complex regulation network. The formation of diverse leaf morphology is precisely controlled by gene regulation on translation and transcription levels. To further reveal this, more and more genome data has been published for different kinds of vegetable crops and advanced genotyping approaches have also been applied to identify the causal genes for the target traits. Therefore, the studies on the molecular regulation of leaf morphogenesis in vegetable crops have also been largely improved. This review will summarize the progress on identified genes or regulatory mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis and development in vegetable crops. These identified markers can be applied for further molecular-assisted selection (MAS) in vegetable crops. Overall, the review will contribute to understanding the leaf morphology of different crops from the perspective of molecular regulation and shortening the breeding cycle for vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Yipeng Zhu
- Guiyang Productivity Promotion Center, Guiyang Science and Technology Bureau, Guiyang, China
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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He M, Kong X, Jiang Y, Qu H, Zhu H. MicroRNAs: emerging regulators in horticultural crops. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:936-951. [PMID: 35466027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Horticulture is one of the oldest agricultural practices with great popularity throughout the world. Horticultural crops include fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, as well as medicinal and beverage plants. They are cultivated for food, specific nutrition, and medical use, or for aesthetic pleasure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which constitute a major class of endogenous small RNAs in plants, affect a multitude of developmental and physiological processes by imparting sequence specificity to gene regulation. Over the past decade, tens of thousands of miRNAs have been identified in more than 100 horticultural crops and their critical roles in regulating quality development of diverse horticultural crops have been demonstrated. Here, we review how miRNAs have emerged as important regulators and promising tools for horticultural crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangjin Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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7
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Xu P, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Yang L, Mu J, Yu X, He Y. Global Analysis of the Genetic Variations in miRNA-Targeted Sites and Their Correlations With Agronomic Traits in Rapeseed. Front Genet 2021; 12:741858. [PMID: 34594365 PMCID: PMC8476912 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.741858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes play vital roles in crops. However, the genetic variations in miRNA-targeted sites that affect miRNA cleavage efficiency and their correlations with agronomic traits in crops remain unexplored. On the basis of a genome-wide DNA re-sequencing of 210 elite rapeseed (Brassica napus) accessions, we identified the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (INDELs) in miRNA-targeted sites complementary to miRNAs. Variant calling revealed 7.14 million SNPs and 2.89 million INDELs throughout the genomes of 210 rapeseed accessions. Furthermore, we detected 330 SNPs and 79 INDELs in 357 miRNA target sites, of which 33.50% were rare variants. We also analyzed the correlation between the genetic variations in miRNA target sites and 12 rapeseed agronomic traits. Eleven SNPs in miRNA target sites were significantly correlated with phenotypes in three consecutive years. More specifically, three correlated SNPs within the miRNA-binding regions of BnSPL9-3, BnSPL13-2, and BnCUC1-2 were in the loci associated with the branch angle, seed weight, and silique number, respectively; expression profiling suggested that the variation at these 3 miRNA target sites significantly affected the expression level of the corresponding target genes. Taken together, the results of this study provide researchers and breeders with a global view of the genetic variations in miRNA-targeted sites in rapeseed and reveal the potential effects of these genetic variations on elite agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yantao Zhu
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Jianxia Jiang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyong Yang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Mu
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuke He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Bhatia N, Runions A, Tsiantis M. Leaf Shape Diversity: From Genetic Modules to Computational Models. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:325-356. [PMID: 34143649 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves display considerable variation in shape. Here, we introduce key aspects of leaf development, focusing on the morphogenetic basis of leaf shape diversity. We discuss the importance of the genetic control of the amount, duration, and direction of cellular growth for the emergence of leaf form. We highlight how the combined use of live imaging and computational frameworks can help conceptualize how regulated cellular growth is translated into different leaf shapes. In particular, we focus on the morphogenetic differences between simple and complex leaves and how carnivorous plants form three-dimensional insect traps. We discuss how evolution has shaped leaf diversity in the case of complex leaves, by tinkering with organ-wide growth and local growth repression, and in carnivorous plants, by modifying the relative growth of the lower and upper sides of the leaf primordium to create insect-digesting traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhatia
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Adam Runions
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
- Current affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
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Perut F, Roncuzzi L, Avnet S, Massa A, Zini N, Sabbadini S, Giampieri F, Mezzetti B, Baldini N. Strawberry-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Prevent Oxidative Stress in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010087. [PMID: 33445656 PMCID: PMC7828105 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (EPDENs) have recently been isolated and evaluated as potential bioactive nutraceutical biomolecules. It has been hypothesized that EPDENs may exert their activity on mammalian cells through their specific cargo. In this study, we isolated and purified EPDENs from the strawberry juice of Fragaria x ananassa (cv. Romina), a new cultivar characterized by a high content of anthocyanins, folic acid, flavonols, and vitamin C and an elevated antioxidant capacity. Fragaria-derived EPDENs were purified by a series of centrifugation and filtration steps. EPDENs showed size and morphology similar to mammalian extracellular nanovesicles. The internalization of Fragaria-derived EPDENs by human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) did not negatively affect their viability, and the pretreatment of MSCs with Fragaria-derived EPDENs prevented oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. This is possibly due to the presence of vitamin C inside the nanovesicle membrane. The analysis of EPDEN cargo also revealed the presence of small RNAs and miRNAs. These findings suggest that Fragaria-derived EPDENs may be considered nanoshuttles contained in food, with potential health-promoting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perut
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura Roncuzzi
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Sofia Avnet
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Annamaria Massa
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbadini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Nicola Baldini
- BST Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366566
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Fine mapping of a leaf flattening gene Bralcm through BSR-Seq in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13924. [PMID: 32811880 PMCID: PMC7435182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf flattening influences plant photosynthesis, thereby affecting product yield and quality. Here, we obtained a stably inherited leaf crinkled mutant (lcm), derived from the Chinese cabbage doubled haploid (DH) ‘FT’ line using EMS mutagenesis combined with isolated microspore culture. The crinkled phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, namely Bralcm, which was preliminarily mapped to chromosome A01 by bulked segregant analysis RNA-seq, and further between markers SSRS-1 and IndelD-20 using 1,575 recessive homozygous individuals in F2 population by a map-based cloning method. The target region physical distance was 126.69 kb, containing 23 genes; the marker SSRMG-4 co-segregated with the crinkled trait. Further, we found SSRMG-4 to be located on BraA01g007510.3C, a homolog of AHA2, which encodes H+-ATPase2, an essential enzyme in plant growth and development. Sequence analysis indicated a C to T transition in exon 7 of BraA01g007510.3C, resulting in a Thr (ACT) to Ile (ATT) amino acid change. Genotyping revealed that the leaf crinkled phenotype fully co-segregated with this SNP within the recombinants. qRT-PCR demonstrated that BraA01g007510.3C expression in lcm mutant leaves was dramatically higher than that in wild-type ‘FT’. Thus, BraA01g007510.3C is a strong candidate gene for Bralcm, and AHA2 is possibly associated with leaf flattening in Chinese cabbage.
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Ren W, Wu F, Bai J, Li X, Yang X, Xue W, Liu H, He Y. BcpLH organizes a specific subset of microRNAs to form a leafy head in Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:1. [PMID: 31908804 PMCID: PMC6938484 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
HYL1 (HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1) in Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a double-stranded RNA-binding protein needed for proper miRNA maturation, and its null mutant hyl1 shows a typical leaf-incurvature phenotype. In Chinese cabbage, BcpLH (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis LEAFY HEADS), a close homolog of HYL1, is differentially expressed in juvenile leaves, which are flat, and in adult leaves, which display extreme incurvature. BcpLH lacks protein-protein interaction domains and is much shorter than HYL1. To test whether BcpLH is associated with defects in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and leaf flatness, we enhanced and repressed the activity of BcpLH by transgenics and investigated BcpLH-dependent miRNAs and plant morphology. BcpLH promoted miRNA biogenesis by the proper processing of primary miRNAs. BcpLH downregulation via antisense decreased a specific subset of miRNAs and increased the activities of their target genes, causing upward curvature of rosette leaves and early leaf incurvature, concurrent with the enlargement, earliness, and round-to-oval shape transition of leafy heads. Moreover, BcpLH-dependent miRNAs in Chinese cabbage are not the same as HYL1-dependent miRNAs in Arabidopsis. We suggest that BcpLH controls a specific subset of miRNAs in Chinese cabbage and coordinates the direction, extent, and timing of leaf curvature during head formation in Brassica rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Ren
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Feijie Wu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jinjuan Bai
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xi Yang
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wanxin Xue
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Heng Liu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032 China
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuke He
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai, 200032 China
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He Y, Bonnema G, Xiao H, Zhao Y. Editorial: Organ Modification for Edible Parts of Horticultural Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:961. [PMID: 31396254 PMCID: PMC6664054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuke He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Han Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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