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Zhang J, Jiamahate A, Feng H, Bozorov TA, Zhang D, Guo J, Yang H, Zhang D. Distribution and Pathogenicity Differentiation of Physiological Races of Verticillium dahliae from Cotton Stems in Western China. Pathogens 2024; 13:525. [PMID: 39057752 PMCID: PMC11280298 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae, has emerged as a severe threat to cotton globally. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of this pathogen in an infected single cotton plant. In this study, we isolated three new V. dahliae strains from the disease stems of Gossypium hirsutum from the cotton field in Western China and assessed their pathogenicity to the cotton cultivar Xinnongmian-1 and its two transgenic lines, as well as two laboratory strains, VD592 and VD991. These three new V. dahliae strains were identified using DNA barcodes of tryptophan synthase (TS), actin (ACT), elongation factor 1-α (EF), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD). Moreover, the haplotype analysis revealed that the three new races had distinct haplotypes at the TS locus. Furthermore, the results of culture features and genetic diversity of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) revealed that there were separate V. dahliae strains, which were strong defoliating pathotypes belonging to race 2 type, as determined by particular DNA marker recognition. The identified strains demonstrated varied levels of pathogenicity by leaf disc and entire plant inoculation methods. Conservatively, these strains showed some pathogenicity on cotton lines, but were less pathogenic than the reference strains. The findings revealed that several strong defoliating V. dahliae pathotypes coexist on the same cotton plant. It indicats the importance of regular monitoring as an early warning system, as well as the detection and reporting of virulent pathogen strains and their effects on crop response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.J.); (T.A.B.)
| | - Aerguli Jiamahate
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.J.); (T.A.B.)
| | - Hui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Tohir A. Bozorov
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.J.); (T.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, Kibray 111226, Uzbekistan
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
| | - Jianwei Guo
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 500600, China;
| | - Honglan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.J.); (T.A.B.)
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.J.); (T.A.B.)
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
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Chen A, Morrison S, Gregson A, Le DP, Urquhart AS, Smith LJ, Aitken EAB, Gardiner DM. Fluorescently Tagged Verticillium dahliae to Understand the Infection Process on Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) and Weed Plant Species. Pathogens 2024; 13:442. [PMID: 38921740 PMCID: PMC11207081 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by distinct vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) of the fungus Verticillium dahliae. Defoliating (VCG 1A) and non-defoliating (VCG 2A) pathotypes of V. dahliae have contributed to yield losses of cotton production in Australia. To study the virulence and the infection process of V. dahliae on cotton, two isolates, one representing each VCG, have been transformed with fluorescent protein genes. The transformants maintained their ability to infect the host, and both strains were observed to move through the plant vasculature to induce wilt symptoms. Furthermore, virulence testing suggests that the cotton V. dahliae strains can endophytically colonise common weed plant species found in the Australian landscape, and that is contrasted by their ability to infect and colonise native tobacco plants. The fluorescently labelled strains of V. dahliae not only allowed us to gain a thorough understanding of the infection process but also provided a method to rapidly identify recovered isolates from host colonisation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Sabrina Morrison
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (A.G.)
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aphrika Gregson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (A.G.)
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Duy P. Le
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia;
| | - Andrew S. Urquhart
- Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Linda J. Smith
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Elizabeth A. B. Aitken
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Donald M. Gardiner
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Pisuttu C, Sarrocco S, Cotrozzi L, Baroncelli R, Lorenzini G. Genome Resources of Verticillium dahliae VdGL16: The Causal Agent of Vascular Wilt on the Invasive Species Ailanthus altissima. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:1207-1209. [PMID: 36581620 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1028-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium species are known as plant pathogens responsible for wilt diseases in a large variety of dicotyledon plants and crops in many parts of the world. Here we present the draft genome sequence of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. (strain VdGL16) isolated in Italy from the invasive alien species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.; commonly known as tree-of-heaven) showing Verticillium wilt symptoms. The comparison between the newly sequenced genome with those publicly available revealed candidate genes putatively involved in pathogenicity. The genome represents a new useful source for future research on Verticillium genetics and biology as well as research on novel approaches in the control of A. altissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisuttu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DiSAAA-a), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DiSAAA-a), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DiSAAA-a), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DiSAAA-a), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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On-field phenotypic evaluation of sunflower populations for broad-spectrum resistance to Verticillium leaf mottle and wilt. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11644. [PMID: 34078972 PMCID: PMC8172943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunflower Verticillium Wilt and Leaf Mottle (SVW), caused by Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.; Vd), is a soil-borne disease affecting sunflower worldwide. A single dominant locus, known as V1, was formerly effective in controlling North-American Vd races, whereas races from Argentina, Europe and an emerging race from USA overcome its resistance. This emphasizes the need for identifying broad-spectrum genetic resistance (BSR) sources. Here we characterize two sunflower mapping populations (MPs) for SVW resistance: a biparental MP and the association MP from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), under field growing conditions. Nine field-trials (FTs) were conducted in highly infested fields in the most SVW-affected region of Argentina. Several disease descriptors (DDs), including incidence and severity, were scored across four phenological stages. Generalized linear models were fitted according to the nature of each variable, adjusting mean phenotypes for inbred lines across and within FTs. Comparison of these responses allowed the identification of novel BSR sources. Furthermore, we present the first report of SVW resistance heritability, with estimates ranging from 35 to 45% for DDs related to disease incidence and severity, respectively. This study constitutes the largest SVW resistance characterization reported to date in sunflower, identifying valuable genetic resources for BSR-breeding to cope with a pathogen of increasing importance worldwide.
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Hudson O, Waliullah S, Fulton JC, Ji P, Dufault NS, Keinath A, Ali ME. Marker Development for Differentiation of Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Niveum Race 3 from Races 1 and 2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E822. [PMID: 33467563 PMCID: PMC7830397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is pathogenic only to watermelon and has become one of the main limiting factors in watermelon production internationally. Detection methods for this pathogen are limited, with few published molecular assays available to differentiate FON from other formae speciales of F. oxysporum. FON has four known races that vary in virulence but are difficult and costly to differentiate using traditional inoculation methods and only race 2 can be differentiated molecularly. In this study, genomic and chromosomal comparisons facilitated the development of a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that could differentiate race 3 from races 1 and 2, and by using two other published PCR markers in unison with the new marker, the three races could be differentiated. The new PCR marker, FNR3-F/FNR3-R, amplified a 511 bp region on the "pathogenicity chromosome" of the FON genome that is absent in race 3. FNR3-F/FNR3-R detected genomic DNA down to 2.0 pg/µL. This marker, along with two previously published FON markers, was successfully applied to test over 160 pathogenic FON isolates from Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Together, these three FON primer sets worked well for differentiating races 1, 2, and 3 of FON. For each marker, a greater proportion (60 to 90%) of molecular results agreed with the traditional bioassay method of race differentiation compared to those that did not. The new PCR marker should be useful to differentiate FON races and improve Fusarium wilt research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Hudson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA; (O.H.); (S.W.); (P.J.)
| | - Sumyya Waliullah
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA; (O.H.); (S.W.); (P.J.)
| | - James C. Fulton
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.F.); (N.S.D.)
| | - Pingsheng Ji
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA; (O.H.); (S.W.); (P.J.)
| | - Nicholas S. Dufault
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.C.F.); (N.S.D.)
| | - Anthony Keinath
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29414, USA;
| | - Md Emran Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA; (O.H.); (S.W.); (P.J.)
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Dung JKS, Knaus BJ, Fellows HLS, Grünwald NJ, Vining KJ. Genetic Diversity of Verticillium dahliae Isolates From Mint Detected with Genotyping by Sequencing. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1966-1974. [PMID: 31246137 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-18-0475-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is the most important disease threatening the commercial production of mint grown for essential oil. An important long-term goal for mint breeders is the production of cultivars with resistance to Verticillium wilt. Before that can be accomplished, a better understanding of the genetic variation within and among populations of Verticillium dahliae is needed. We characterized the extent of phenotypic and genetic diversity present in contemporary and archival populations of V. dahliae from mint fields in Oregon and other production regions of the United States using genotyping by sequencing, PCR assays for mating type and pathogenic race, vegetative compatibility group (VCG) tests, and aggressiveness assays. We report that the population in the Pacific Northwest can be described as one common genetic group and four relatively rare genetic groups. Eighty-three percent of the isolates belonged to VCG2B, and all isolates possessed the MAT1-2 idiomorph and were characterized as pathogenic race 2. These results indicate low levels of genetic diversity and a negligible risk of sexual recombination in populations of this host-adapted pathogen population. Knowledge of the genetic structure of V. dahliae in the Pacific Northwest will inform breeders about the diversity of pathogenicity factors that may need to be considered in their breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah K S Dung
- Central Oregon Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Madras, OR 97741
| | - Brian J Knaus
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Henry L S Fellows
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Niklaus J Grünwald
- Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Kelly J Vining
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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