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GmWAK1, Novel Wall-Associated Protein Kinase, Positively Regulates Response of Soybean to Phytophthora sojae Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010798. [PMID: 36614246 PMCID: PMC9821614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora root rot is a destructive soybean disease worldwide, which is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae). Wall-associated protein kinase (WAK) genes, a family of the receptor-like protein kinase (RLK) genes, play important roles in the plant signaling pathways that regulate stress responses and pathogen resistance. In our study, we found a putative Glycine max wall-associated protein kinase, GmWAK1, which we identified by soybean GmLHP1 RNA-sequencing. The expression of GmWAK1 was significantly increased by P. sojae and salicylic acid (SA). Overexpression of GmWAK1 in soybean significantly improved resistance to P. sojae, and the levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), SA, and SA-biosynthesis-related genes were markedly higher than in the wild-type (WT) soybean. The activities of enzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) antioxidants in GmWAK1-overexpressing (OE) plants were significantly higher than those in in WT plants treated with P. sojae; reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation was considerably lower in GmWAK1-OE after P. sojae infection. GmWAK1 interacted with annexin-like protein RJ, GmANNRJ4, which improved resistance to P. sojae and increased intracellular free-calcium accumulation. In GmANNRJ4-OE transgenic soybean, the calmodulin-dependent kinase gene GmMPK6 and several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were constitutively activated. Collectively, these results indicated that GmWAK1 interacts with GmANNRJ4, and GmWAK1 plays a positive role in soybean resistance to P. sojae via a process that might be dependent on SA and involved in alleviating damage caused by oxidative stress.
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Vuong UT, Iswanto ABB, Nguyen Q, Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Kim SH. Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:17-45. [PMID: 36036862 PMCID: PMC9829404 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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Li W, Liu M, Lai YC, Liu JX, Fan C, Yang G, Wang L, Liang WW, Di SF, Yu DY, Bi YD. Genome-Wide Association Study of Partial Resistance to P. sojae in Wild Soybeans from Heilongjiang Province, China. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3194-3207. [PMID: 35877445 PMCID: PMC9319971 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a destructive disease of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr) caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae). The most effective way to prevent the disease is growing resistant or tolerant varieties. Partial resistance provides a more durable resistance against the pathogen compared to complete resistance. Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) seems to be an extraordinarily important gene pool for soybean improvement due to its high level of genetic variation. In this study, 242 wild soybean germplasms originating from different regions of Heilongjiang province were used to identify resistance genes to P. sojae race 1 using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of nine significant SNPs were detected, repeatedly associated with P. sojae resistance and located on chromosomes 1, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19 and 20. Among them, seven favorable allelic variations associated with P. sojae resistance were evaluated by a t-test. Eight candidate genes were predicted to explore the mechanistic hypotheses of partial resistance, including Glysoja.19G051583, which encodes an LRR receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase protein, Glysoja.19G051581, which encodes a receptor-like cytosolic serine/threonine protein kinase protein. These findings will provide additional insights into the genetic architecture of P. sojae resistance in a large sample of wild soybeans and P. sojae-resistant breeding through marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Miao Liu
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
| | - Yong-Cai Lai
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
| | - Chao Fan
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
| | - Guang Yang
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
| | - Ling Wang
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
| | - Shu-Feng Di
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
| | - De-Yue Yu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Ying-Dong Bi
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (HAAS), Harbin 150086, China; (W.L.); (M.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (J.-X.L.); (C.F.); (G.Y.); (L.W.); (W.-W.L.); (S.-F.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Piya S, Hawk T, Patel B, Baldwin L, Rice JH, Stewart CN, Hewezi T. Kinase-dead mutation: A novel strategy for improving soybean resistance to soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:417-430. [PMID: 34851539 PMCID: PMC8828698 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins for functional changes and are involved in nearly all cellular processes, thereby regulating almost all aspects of plant growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. We generated two independent co-expression networks of soybean genes using control and stress response gene expression data and identified 392 differentially highly interconnected kinase hub genes among the two networks. Of these 392 kinases, 90 genes were identified as "syncytium highly connected hubs", potentially essential for activating kinase signalling pathways in the nematode feeding site. Overexpression of wild-type coding sequences of five syncytium highly connected kinase hub genes using transgenic soybean hairy roots enhanced plant susceptibility to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) Hg Type 0 (race 3). In contrast, overexpression of kinase-dead variants of these five syncytium kinase hub genes significantly enhanced soybean resistance to SCN. Additionally, three of the five tested kinase hub genes enhanced soybean resistance to SCN Hg Type 1.2.5.7 (race 2), highlighting the potential of the kinase-dead approach to generate effective and durable resistance against a wide range of SCN Hg types. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that kinase-dead mutations do not alter protein cellular localization, confirming the structure-function of the kinase-inactive variants in producing loss-of-function phenotypes causing significant decrease in nematode susceptibility. Because many protein kinases are highly conserved and are involved in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, our approach of identifying kinase hub genes and their inactivation using kinase-dead mutation could be translated for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Tracy Hawk
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Bhoomi Patel
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Logan Baldwin
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John H. Rice
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
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Xu H, Guo Y, Qiu L, Ran Y. Progress in Soybean Genetic Transformation Over the Last Decade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900318. [PMID: 35755694 PMCID: PMC9231586 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the important food, feed, and biofuel crops in the world. Soybean genome modification by genetic transformation has been carried out for trait improvement for more than 4 decades. However, compared to other major crops such as rice, soybean is still recalcitrant to genetic transformation, and transgenic soybean production has been hampered by limitations such as low transformation efficiency and genotype specificity, and prolonged and tedious protocols. The primary goal in soybean transformation over the last decade is to achieve high efficiency and genotype flexibility. Soybean transformation has been improved by modifying tissue culture conditions such as selection of explant types, adjustment of culture medium components and choice of selection reagents, as well as better understanding the transformation mechanisms of specific approaches such as Agrobacterium infection. Transgenesis-based breeding of soybean varieties with new traits is now possible by development of improved protocols. In this review, we summarize the developments in soybean genetic transformation to date, especially focusing on the progress made using Agrobacterium-mediated methods and biolistic methods over the past decade. We also discuss current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- Tianjin Genovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Qiu,
| | - Yidong Ran
- Tianjin Genovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Yidong Ran,
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Zhang C, Gao H, Sun Y, Jiang L, He S, Song B, Liu S, Zhao M, Wang L, Liu Y, Wu J, Xu P, Zhang S. The BTB/POZ domain protein GmBTB/POZ promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of the soybean AP2/ERF-like transcription factor GmAP2 to regulate the defense response to Phytophthora sojae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7891-7908. [PMID: 34338731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot in soybean (Glycine max) is a destructive disease worldwide, and hence improving crop resistance to the causal pathogen, P. sojae, is a major target for breeders. However, it remains largely unclear how the pathogen regulates the various affected signaling pathways in the host, which consist of complex networks including key transcription factors and their targets. We have previously demonstrated that GmBTB/POZ enhances soybean resistance to P. sojae and the associated defense response. Here, we demonstrate that GmBTB/POZ interacts with the transcription factor GmAP2 and promotes its ubiquitination. GmAP2-RNAi transgenic soybean hairy roots exhibited enhanced resistance to P. sojae, whereas roots overexpressing GmAP2 showed hypersensitivity. GmWRKY33 was identified as a target of GmAP2, which represses its expression by directly binding to the promoter. GmWRKY33 acts as a positive regulator in the response of soybean to P. sojae. Overexpression of GmBTB/POZ released the GmAP2-regulated suppression of GmWRKY33 in hairy roots overexpressing GmAP2 and increased their resistance to P. sojae. Taken together, our results indicate that GmBTB/POZ-GmAP2 modulation of the P. sojae resistance response forms a novel regulatory mechanism, which putatively regulates the downstream target gene GmWRKY33 in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhong Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengfu He
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Song
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Le Wang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Yaguang Liu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, China
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Kanapin A, Bankin M, Rozhmina T, Samsonova A, Samsonova M. Genomic Regions Associated with Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Flax. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12383. [PMID: 34830265 PMCID: PMC8623186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern flax cultivars are susceptible to many diseases; arguably, the most economically damaging of these is the Fusarium wilt fungal disease. Over the past decades international flax breeding initiatives resulted in the development of resistant cultivars. However, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms of resistance to Fusarium infection in flax. As a first step to uncover the genetic factors associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt disease, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 297 accessions from the collection of the Federal Research Centre of the Bast Fiber Crops, Torzhok, Russia. These genotypes were infected with a highly pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini MI39 strain; the wilt symptoms were documented in the course of three successive years. Six different single-locus models implemented in GAPIT3 R package were applied to a selected subset of 72,526 SNPs. A total of 15 QTNs (Quantitative Trait Nucleotides) were detected during at least two years of observation, while eight QTNs were found during all three years of the experiment. Of these, ten QTNs occupied a region of 640 Kb at the start of chromosome 1, while the remaining QTNs mapped to chromosomes 8, 11 and 13. All stable QTNs demonstrate a statistically significant allelic effect across 3 years of the experiment. Importantly, several QTNs spanned regions that harbored genes involved in the pathogen recognition and plant immunity response, including the KIP1-like protein (Lus10025717) and NBS-LRR protein (Lus10025852). Our results provide novel insights into the genetic architecture of flax resistance to Fusarium wilt and pinpoint potential candidate genes for further in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kanapin
- Centre for Computational Biology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Mikhail Bankin
- Mathematical Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Rozhmina
- Laboratory of Breeding Technologies, Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, 172002 Torzhok, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Centre for Computational Biology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Samsonova
- Mathematical Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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Rajput M, Choudhary K, Kumar M, Vivekanand V, Chawade A, Ortiz R, Pareek N. RNA Interference and CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing for Crop Improvement: Paradigm Shift towards Sustainable Agriculture. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091914. [PMID: 34579446 PMCID: PMC8467553 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid population growth, there is an urgent need for innovative crop improvement approaches to meet the increasing demand for food. Classical crop improvement approaches involve, however, a backbreaking process that cannot equipoise with increasing crop demand. RNA-based approaches i.e., RNAi-mediated gene regulation and the site-specific nuclease-based CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene editing has made advances in the efficient targeted modification in many crops for the higher yield and resistance to diseases and different stresses. In functional genomics, RNA interference (RNAi) is a propitious gene regulatory approach that plays a significant role in crop improvement by permitting the downregulation of gene expression by small molecules of interfering RNA without affecting the expression of other genes. Gene editing technologies viz. the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) have appeared prominently as a powerful tool for precise targeted modification of nearly all crops' genome sequences to generate variation and accelerate breeding efforts. In this regard, the review highlights the diverse roles and applications of RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 system as powerful technologies to improve agronomically important plants to enhance crop yields and increase tolerance to environmental stress (biotic or abiotic). Ultimately, these technologies can prove to be important in view of global food security and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rajput
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India; (M.R.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Khushboo Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India; (M.R.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India; (M.R.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - V. Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India; (M.R.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (N.P.)
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Hang T, Ling X, He C, Xie S, Jiang H, Ding T. Isolation of the ZmERS4 Gene From Maize and Its Functional Analysis in Transgenic Plants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632908. [PMID: 33776962 PMCID: PMC7994261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding a protein similar to ethylene receptor was isolated from maize (Zea mays L.), which was named as ZmERS4.The gene was 1,905 bp in length with an open reading frame that encoded a protein consisting of 634 amino acids. The homologous analysis showed that ZmERS4 shared high similarity with the ethylene receptor protein, OsERS1, from rice (Oryza sativa L.). ZmERS4 grouped into the ETR1 subfamily of ethylene receptors based on its conserved domain and phylogenetic status. Tissue-specific and induced expression analyses indicated that ZmERS4 was differentially expressed in maize tissues, predominantly in the stems and leaves, and was induced by salicylic acid (SA). Overexpression of ZmERS4 in Arabidopsis improved resistance against the bacterial pathogen, PstDC3000, by inducing the expression of SA signaling-related genes. Moreover, treatment with flg22 induced the expression of the defense-related gene, PR1, in maize protoplasts that transiently expressed ZmERS4. Furthermore, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis showed that the SA contents in ZmERS4-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines were significantly higher than the control lines. Additionally, the improved resistance of ZmERS4-overexpressing Arabidopsis against PstDC3000 was blocked after pretreatment with the SA biosynthetic inhibitor, ABT. Based on the collective findings, we hypothesize that ZmERS4 plays an important role in disease resistance through SA-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Hang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuezhi Ling
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Wang Y, Liu A. Genomic Characterization and Expression Analysis of the SnRK Family Genes in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Orchidaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030479. [PMID: 33802577 PMCID: PMC8000535 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are a type of Ser/Thr protein kinases, and they play an important role in plant life, especially in metabolism and responses to environmental stresses. However, there is limited information on SnRK genes in Dendrobium officinale. In the present research, a total of 36 DoSnRK genes were identified based on genomic data. These DoSnRKs could be grouped into three subfamilies, including 1 member of DoSnRK1, 7 of DoSnRK2, and 28 of DoSnRK3. The gene structure analysis of DoSnRK genes showed that 17 members had no introns, while 16 members contained six or more introns. The conserved domains and motifs were found in the same subfamily. The various cis-elements present in the promoter regions showed that DoSnRK genes could respond to stresses and hormones. Furthermore, the expression patterns of DoSnRK genes in eight tissues were investigated according to RNA sequencing data, indicating that multiple DoSnRK genes were ubiquitously expressed in these tissues. The transcript levels of DoSnRK genes after drought, MeJA, and ABA treatments were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and showed that most DoSnRK genes could respond to these stresses. Therefore, genomic characterization and expression analyses provide valuable information on DoSnRK genes for further understanding the functions of SnRKs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-87165223125
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Zang Z, Wang Z, Zhao F, Yang W, Ci J, Ren X, Jiang L, Yang W. Maize Ethylene Response Factor ZmERF061 Is Required for Resistance to Exserohilum turcicum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:630413. [PMID: 33767717 PMCID: PMC7985547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a series of sophisticated defense mechanisms to help them from harm. Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) plays pivotal roles in plant immune reactions, however, its underlying mechanism in maize with a defensive function to Exserohilum turcicum (E. turcicum) remains poorly understood. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel ERF transcription factor, designated ZmERF061, from maize. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmERF061 is a member of B3 group in the ERF family. qRT-PCR assays showed that the expression of ZmERF061 is significantly induced by E. turcicum inoculation and hormone treatments with salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). ZmERF061 was proved to function as a nucleus-localized transcription activator and specifically bind to the GCC-box element. zmerf061 mutant lines resulted in enhanced susceptibility to E. turcicum via decreasing the expression of ZmPR10.1 and ZmPR10.2 and the activity of antioxidant defense system. zmerf061 mutant lines increased the expression of the SA signaling-related gene ZmPR1a and decreased the expression of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling-related gene ZmLox1 after infection with E. turcicum. In addition, ZmERF061 could interact with ZmMPK6-1. These results suggested that ZmERF061 plays an important role in response to E. turcicum and may be useful in genetic engineering breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Zang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiabin Ci
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Ren
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Crop Science Post-doctoral Station, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Liangyu Jiang,
| | - Weiguang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Weiguang Yang,
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Zang P, Xu Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals underlying immune response mechanism of fungal (Penicillium oxalicum) disease in Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow (Orchidaceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:445. [PMID: 32993485 PMCID: PMC7525978 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow is a medicinal plant. G. elata f. glauca is unavoidably infected by pathogens in their growth process. In previous work, we have successfully isolated and identified Penicillium oxalicum from fungal diseased tubers of G. elata f. glauca. As a widespread epidemic, this fungal disease seriously affected the yield and quality of G. elata f. glauca. We speculate that the healthy G. elata F. glauca might carry resistance genes, which can resist against fungal disease. In this study, healthy and fungal diseased mature tubers of G. elata f. glauca from Changbai Mountain area were used as experimental materials to help us find potential resistance genes against the fungal disease. RESULTS A total of 7540 differentially expressed Unigenes (DEGs) were identified (FDR < 0.01, log2FC > 2). The current study screened 10 potential resistance genes. They were attached to transcription factors (TFs) in plant hormone signal transduction pathway and plant pathogen interaction pathway, including WRKY22, GH3, TIFY/JAZ, ERF1, WRKY33, TGA. In addition, four of these genes were closely related to jasmonic acid signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The immune response mechanism of fungal disease in G. elata f. glauca is a complex biological process, involving plant hormones such as ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and disease-resistant transcription factors such as WRKY, TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yugang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Pu Zang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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Mandal MK, Suren H, Kousik C. Elucidation of resistance signaling and identification of powdery mildew resistant mapping loci (ClaPMR2) during watermelon-Podosphaera xanthii interaction using RNA-Seq and whole-genome resequencing approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14038. [PMID: 32820191 PMCID: PMC7441409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Watermelon is an important vegetable crop and is widely cultivated in USA with an approximate global production of > 100 million tons. Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a major production-limiting factor on watermelon and other cucurbits. Numerous PM and multiple disease resistant (MDR) watermelon germplasm lines have been developed by the USDA in Charleston, SC. To gain a better understanding of the innate and activated molecular defense mechanisms involved during compatible and incompatible PM-watermelon interactions, we inoculated PM susceptible (USVL677-PMS) and resistant (USVL531-MDR) watermelon plants with 105 conidia ml−1 of P. xanthii. RNA-seq profiling was done on leaf samples collected at 0, 1, 3, and 8 days post inoculation (DPI). A total of 2,566 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between compatible and incompatible interactions with P. xanthii. The compatible interactions resulted in distinct plant gene activation (> twofold unique transcripts, 335:191:1762 :: 1:3:8 DPI) as compared to incompatible interaction (> twofold unique transcripts, 314:681:487 :: 1:3:8 DPI). Further, comparative whole-genome resequencing analysis of USVL531-PMR, USVL677-PMS and four introgressed PM resistant recombinant inbred lines (RIL, USVL531-PMR × USVL677-PMS) were performed to identify the region of PM resistance introgressed break points along with other traits inherent by USVL531-PMR by comparing the SNPs and InDels. Based on SNPs identification and CAPS markers, the resistance gene was identified as ClaPMR2, Citrullus lanatus PM Resistance gene 2 {Chr2 : 26750001 .. 26753327 (−)}, a NBS-LRR resistance protein (R) with homology to the Arabidopsis thaliana PM resistance protein, RPW8. The transcriptome data also revealed a complex regulatory network associated with the introgressed junctions mediated by PM resistance R proteins (R genes) that may involve multiple signal regulators and transducers, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall modifications and the hormone-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Kumar Mandal
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA. .,Department of Biology, Claflin University, Orangeburg, SC, 29115, USA. .,ORISE Participant Sponsored by the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA.
| | - Haktan Suren
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Chandrasekar Kousik
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA.
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Ma J, Yang S, Wang D, Tang K, Feng XX, Feng XZ. Genetic Mapping of a Light-Dependent Lesion Mimic Mutant Reveals the Function of Coproporphyrinogen III Oxidase Homolog in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:557. [PMID: 32457787 PMCID: PMC7227399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants provide ideal genetic materials for elucidating the molecular mechanism of cell death and disease resistance. Here, we isolated a Glycine max lesion mimic mutant 2-1 (Gmlmm2-1), which displayed a light-dependent cell death phenotype. Map-based cloning revealed that GmLMM2 encods a coproporphyrinogen III oxidase and participates in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Knockout of GmLMM2 led to necrotic spots on developing leaves of CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutants. The GmLMM2 defect decreased the chlorophyll content by disrupting tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and enhanced resistance to Phytophthora sojae. These results suggested that GmLMM2 gene played an important role in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole and light-dependent defense in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuanqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Xing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Paulus S. Measuring crops in 3D: using geometry for plant phenotyping. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:103. [PMID: 31497064 PMCID: PMC6719375 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Using 3D sensing for plant phenotyping has risen within the last years. This review provides an overview on 3D traits for the demands of plant phenotyping considering different measuring techniques, derived traits and use-cases of biological applications. A comparison between a high resolution 3D measuring device and an established measuring tool, the leaf meter, is shown to categorize the possible measurement accuracy. Furthermore, different measuring techniques such as laser triangulation, structure from motion, time-of-flight, terrestrial laser scanning or structured light approaches enable the assessment of plant traits such as leaf width and length, plant size, volume and development on plant and organ level. The introduced traits were shown with respect to the measured plant types, the used measuring technique and the link to their biological use case. These were trait and growth analysis for measurements over time as well as more complex investigation on water budget, drought responses and QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis. The used processing pipelines were generalized in a 3D point cloud processing workflow showing the single processing steps to derive plant parameters on plant level, on organ level using machine learning or over time using time series measurements. Finally the next step in plant sensing, the fusion of different sensor types namely 3D and spectral measurements is introduced by an example on sugar beet. This multi-dimensional plant model is the key to model the influence of geometry on radiometric measurements and to correct it. This publication depicts the state of the art for 3D measuring of plant traits as they were used in plant phenotyping regarding how the data is acquired, how this data is processed and what kind of traits is measured at the single plant, the miniplot, the experimental field and the open field scale. Future research will focus on highly resolved point clouds on the experimental and field scale as well as on the automated trait extraction of organ traits to track organ development at these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Paulus
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Holtenser Landstr. 77, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
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