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Wang B, Xiong C, Peng Z, Luo Z, Wang X, Peng S, Yu Z. Genome-wide analysis of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in poplar and functional validation of PagMYB147 in defense against Melampsora magnusiana. PLANTA 2024; 260:47. [PMID: 38970694 PMCID: PMC11227472 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Transcription of PagMYB147 was induced in poplar infected by Melampsora magnusiana, and a decline in its expression levels increases the host's susceptibility, whereas its overexpression promotes resistance to rust disease. Poplars are valuable tree species with diverse industrial and silvicultural applications. The R2R3-MYB subfamily of transcription factors plays a crucial role in response to biotic stresses. However, the functional studies on poplar R2R3-MYB genes in resistance to leaf rust disease are still insufficient. We identified 191 putative R2R3-MYB genes in the Populus trichocarpa genome. A phylogenetic analysis grouped poplar R2R3-MYBs and Arabidopsis R2R3-MYBs into 33 subgroups. We detected 12 tandem duplication events and 148 segmental duplication events, with the latter likely being the main contributor to the expansion of poplar R2R3-MYB genes. The promoter regions of these genes contained numerous cis-acting regulatory elements associated with response to stress and phytohormones. Analyses of RNA-Seq data identified a multiple R2R3-MYB genes response to Melampsora magnusiana (Mmag). Among them, PagMYB147 was significantly up-regulated under Mmag inoculation, salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, and its encoded product was primarily localized to the cell nucleus. Silencing of PagMYB147 exacerbated the severity of Mmag infection, likely because of decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, and up-regulation of genes related to ROS scavenging and down-regulation of genes related to PAL, SA and JA signaling pathway. In contrast, plants overexpressing PagMYB147 showed the opposite ROS accumulation, PAL enzyme activity, SA and JA-related gene expressions, and improved Mmag resistance. Our findings suggest that PagMYB147 acts as a positive regulatory factor, affecting resistance in poplar to Mmag by its involvement in the regulation of ROS homeostasis, SA and JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaowei Xiong
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zijia Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeyu Luo
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongdong Yu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Guang H, Xiaoyang G, Zhian W, Ye W, Peng W, Linfang S, Bingting W, Anhong Z, Fuguang L, Jiahe W. The cotton MYB33 gene is a hub gene regulating the trade-off between plant growth and defense in Verticillium dahliae infection. J Adv Res 2024; 61:1-17. [PMID: 37648022 PMCID: PMC11258673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sessile plants engage in trade-offs between growth and defense capacity in response to fluctuating environmental cues. MYB is an important transcription factor that plays many important roles in controlling plant growth and defense. However, the mechanism behind how it keeps a balance between these two physiological processes is still largely unknown. OBJECTIVES Our work focuses on the dissection of the molecular mechanism by which GhMYB33 regulates plant growth and defense. METHODS The CRISPR/Cas9 technique was used to generate mutants for deciphering GhMYB33 functions. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementary imaging, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to prove that proteins interact with each other. We used the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, yeast one-hybrid, and luciferase activity assays to analyze GhMYB33 acting as a promoter. A β-glucuronidase fusion reporter and 5' RNA ligase mediated amplification of cDNA ends analysis showed that ghr-miR319c directedly cleaved the GhMYB33 mRNA. RESULTS Overexpressing miR319c-resistant GhMYB33 (rGhMYB33) promoted plant growth, accompanied by a significant decline in resistance against Verticillium dahliae. Conversely, its knockout mutant, ghmyb33, demonstrated growth restriction and concomitant augmentation of V. dahliae resistance. GhMYB33 was found to couple with the DELLA protein GhGAI1 and bind to the specific cis-elements of GhSPL9 and GhDFR1 promoters, thereby modulating internode elongation and plant resistance in V. dahliae infection. The ghr-miR319c was discovered to target and suppress GhMYB33 expression. The overexpression of ghr-miR319c led to enhanced plant resistance and a simultaneous reduction in plant height. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that GhMYB33 encodes a hub protein and controls the expression of GhSPL9 and GhDFR1, implicating a pivotal role for the miR319c-MYB33 module to regulate the trade-offs between plant growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Guang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ge Xiaoyang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wang Zhian
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Wang Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wang Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shi Linfang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wang Bingting
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhang Anhong
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Li Fuguang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Wu Jiahe
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Lin Z, Feng B, Fang S, Pang X, Liang H, Yuan S, Xu X, Zuo J, Yue X, Wang Q. The mechanism by which oriented polypropylene packaging alleviates postharvest 'Black Spot' in radish root (Raphanus sativus). J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00263-7. [PMID: 38945295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The postharvest physiological disorder known as 'black spot' in radish roots (Raphanus sativus) poses a significant challenge to quality maintenance during storage, particularly under summer conditions. The cause of this disorder, however, is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Characterize the underlying causes of 'black spot' disorder in radish roots and identify strategies to delay its onset. METHODS Radish roots were placed in either polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or oriented polypropylene (OPP) packaging and stored for 4 days at 30 °C. Appearance and physiological parameters were assessed and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify the key molecular and biochemical factors contributing to the disorder and strategies for delaying its onset and development. RESULTS OPP packaging effectively delayed the onset of 'black spot' in radishes, potentially due to changes in phenolic and lipid metabolism. Regarding phenolic metabolism, POD and PPO activity decreased, RsCCR and RsPOD expression was downregulated, genes involved in phenols and flavonoids synthesis were upregulated and their content increased, preventing the oxidative browning of phenols and generally enhancing stress tolerance. Regarding lipid metabolism, the level of alpha-linolenic acid increased, and genes regulating cutin and wax synthesis were upregulated. Notably, high flavonoid and low ROS levels collectively inhibited RsPLA2G expression, which reduced the production of arachidonic acid, pro-inflammatory compounds (LTA4 and PGG2), and ROS, alleviating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in radish epidermal tissues. CONCLUSION PVC packaging enhanced the postharvest onset of 'black spot' in radishes, while OPP packaging delayed both its onset and development. Our study provides insights into the response of radishes to different packaging materials during storage, and the causes and host responses that either enhance or delay 'black spot' disorder onset. Further studies will be conducted to confirm the molecular and biochemical processes responsible for the onset and development of 'black spot' in radishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bihong Feng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Shibei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xi Pang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huafeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuzhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaodi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yue
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Gao H, Ma J, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Zhao M, He S, Sun Y, Fang X, Chen X, Ma K, Pang Y, Gu Y, Dongye Y, Wu J, Xu P, Zhang S. The MYB Transcription Factor GmMYB78 Negatively Regulates Phytophthora sojae Resistance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4247. [PMID: 38673832 PMCID: PMC11050205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora root rot is a devastating disease of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae. However, the resistance mechanism is not yet clear. Our previous studies have shown that GmAP2 enhances sensitivity to P. sojae in soybean, and GmMYB78 is downregulated in the transcriptome analysis of GmAP2-overexpressing transgenic hairy roots. Here, GmMYB78 was significantly induced by P. sojae in susceptible soybean, and the overexpressing of GmMYB78 enhanced sensitivity to the pathogen, while silencing GmMYB78 enhances resistance to P. sojae, indicating that GmMYB78 is a negative regulator of P. sojae. Moreover, the jasmonic acid (JA) content and JA synthesis gene GmAOS1 was highly upregulated in GmMYB78-silencing roots and highly downregulated in overexpressing ones, suggesting that GmMYB78 could respond to P. sojae through the JA signaling pathway. Furthermore, the expression of several pathogenesis-related genes was significantly lower in GmMYB78-overexpressing roots and higher in GmMYB78-silencing ones. Additionally, we screened and identified the upstream regulator GmbHLH122 and downstream target gene GmbZIP25 of GmMYB78. GmbHLH122 was highly induced by P. sojae and could inhibit GmMYB78 expression in resistant soybean, and GmMYB78 was highly expressed to activate downstream target gene GmbZIP25 transcription in susceptible soybean. In conclusion, our data reveal that GmMYB78 triggers soybean sensitivity to P. sojae by inhibiting the JA signaling pathway and the expression of pathogenesis-related genes or through the effects of the GmbHLH122-GmMYB78-GmbZIP25 cascade pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jia Ma
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Chuanzhong Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ming Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shengfu He
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yan Sun
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xin Fang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Kexin Ma
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yanjie Pang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yachang Gu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yaqun Dongye
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (H.G.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.S.); (X.F.); (X.C.); (K.M.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.)
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Jiang L, Li X, Wang S, Pan D, Wu X, Guo F, Mu D, Jia F, Zhang M. Analysis of metabolic differences between Jiaosu fermented from dendrobium flowers and stems based on untargeted metabolomics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27061. [PMID: 38463789 PMCID: PMC10923680 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb containing bioactive polysaccharides and alkaloids. This study characterized metabolite differences between jiaosu (fermented plant product) from Dendrobium flowers versus stems using untargeted metabolomics. The jiaosu was fermented by mixed fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 476 differentially expressed metabolites between the two Jiaosu products. Key results showed downregulation of flavonoid metabolism in Dendrobium Stems Edible Plant Jiaosu (SEP) but increased flavonoid synthesis in Dendrobium Flowers Edible Plant Jiaosu (FEP), likely an antioxidant response. SEP displayed upregulation of lignin metabolites with potential antioxidant properties. The findings demonstrate significant metabolite profile differences between SEP and FEP, providing the basis for developing functional jiaosu products targeting specific health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Du Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Fengxu Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Dongdong Mu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Fuhuai Jia
- Ningbo Yufangtang Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
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Qian Q, Deng X, Mureed S, Gan Y, Xu D, Wang X, Ali H. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyze the defense response of Morus notabilis to mulberry ring rot disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1373827. [PMID: 38533335 PMCID: PMC10963518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1373827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mulberry industry has thrived in China for millennia, offering significant ecological and economic benefits. However, the prevalence of mulberry ring rot disease poses a serious threat to the quality and yield of mulberry leaves. Methods In this study, we employed a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the changes occurring at the transcriptional and metabolic levels in Morus notabilis in response to this disease infestation. Key metabolites identified were further validated through in vitro inhibition experiments. Results The findings revealed significant enrichment in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, particularly those related to flavonoid biosynthesis. Notably, naringenin, kaempferol, and quercetin emerged as pivotal players in M. notabilis' defense mechanism against this disease pathogen. The upregulation of synthase genes, including chalcone synthase, flavanone-3-hydroxylase, and flavonol synthase, suggested their crucial roles as structural genes in this process. In vitro inhibition experiments demonstrated that kaempferol and quercetin exhibited broad inhibitory properties, while salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate demonstrated efficient inhibitory effects. Discussion This study underscores the significance of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in M. notabilis' defense response against mulberry ring rot disease, offering a theoretical foundation for disease control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Qian
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinqi Deng
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Sumbul Mureed
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Gan
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Danping Xu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xie Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Habib Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
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Xu N, Qin XQ, Li DB, Hou YJ, Fang C, Zhang SW, You JY, Li HL, Qiu HY. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome profiles of the leaf and fruits of a Xianjinfeng litchi budding mutant and its mother plant. Front Genet 2024; 15:1360138. [PMID: 38463170 PMCID: PMC10920226 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1360138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Litchi (Litchi chinensis) is an important sub-tropical fruit in the horticulture market in China. Breeding for improved fruit characteristics is needed for satisfying consumer demands. Budding is a sustainable method for its propagation. During our ongoing breeding program, we observed a litchi mutant with flat leaves and sharp fruit peel cracking in comparison to the curled leaves and blunt fruit peel cracking fruits of the mother plant. Methods: To understand the possible molecular pathways involved, we performed a combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis. Results: We identified 1,060 metabolites in litchi leaves and fruits, of which 106 and 101 were differentially accumulated between the leaves and fruits, respectively. The mutant leaves were richer in carbohydrates, nucleotides, and phenolic acids, while the mother plant was rich in most of the amino acids and derivatives, flavonoids, lipids and organic acids and derivatives, and vitamins. Contrastingly, mutant fruits had higher levels of amino acids and derivatives, carbohydrates and derivatives, and organic acids and derivatives. However, the mother plant's fruits contained higher levels of flavonoids, scopoletin, amines, some amino acids and derivatives, benzamidine, carbohydrates and derivatives, and some organic acids and derivatives. The number of differentially expressed genes was consistent with the metabolome profiles. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway-enriched gene expressions showed consistent profiles as of metabolome analysis. Conclusion: These results provide the groundwork for breeding litchi for fruit and leaf traits that are useful for its taste and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong-Li Li
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong-ye Qiu
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Hu Y, Zhao H, Xue L, Nie N, Zhang H, Zhao N, He S, Liu Q, Gao S, Zhai H. IbMYC2 Contributes to Salt and Drought Stress Tolerance via Modulating Anthocyanin Accumulation and ROS-Scavenging System in Sweet Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2096. [PMID: 38396773 PMCID: PMC10889443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors extensively affect various physiological processes in plant metabolism, growth, and abiotic stress. However, the regulation mechanism of bHLH transcription factors in balancing anthocyanin biosynthesis and abiotic stress in sweet potato (Ipomoea batata (L.) Lam.) remains unclear. Previously, transcriptome analysis revealed the genes that were differentially expressed among the purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivar 'Jingshu 6' and its anthocyanin-rich mutant 'JS6-5'. Here, we selected one of these potential genes, IbMYC2, which belongs to the bHLH transcription factor family, for subsequent analyses. The expression of IbMYC2 in the JS6-5 storage roots is almost four-fold higher than Jingshu 6 and significantly induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), NaCl, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)6000. Overexpression of IbMYC2 significantly enhances anthocyanin production and exhibits a certain antioxidant capacity, thereby improving salt and drought tolerance. In contrast, reducing IbMYC2 expression increases its susceptibility. Our data showed that IbMYC2 could elevate the expression of anthocyanin synthesis pathway genes by binding to IbCHI and IbDFR promoters. Additionally, overexpressing IbMYC2 activates genes encoding reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging and proline synthesis enzymes under salt and drought conditions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the IbMYC2 gene exercises a significant impact on crop quality and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaopei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (L.X.); (N.N.); (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (L.X.); (N.N.); (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (S.H.); (Q.L.)
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9
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Kovalev MA, Gladysh NS, Bogdanova AS, Bolsheva NL, Popchenko MI, Kudryavtseva AV. Editing Metabolism, Sex, and Microbiome: How Can We Help Poplar Resist Pathogens? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1308. [PMID: 38279306 PMCID: PMC10816636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poplar (Populus) is a genus of woody plants of great economic value. Due to the growing economic importance of poplar, there is a need to ensure its stable growth by increasing its resistance to pathogens. Genetic engineering can create organisms with improved traits faster than traditional methods, and with the development of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing systems, scientists have a new highly effective tool for creating valuable genotypes. In this review, we summarize the latest research data on poplar diseases, the biology of their pathogens and how these plants resist pathogens. In the final section, we propose to plant male or mixed poplar populations; consider the genes of the MLO group, transcription factors of the WRKY and MYB families and defensive proteins BbChit1, LJAMP2, MsrA2 and PtDef as the most promising targets for genetic engineering; and also pay attention to the possibility of microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Kovalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya S. Gladysh
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Alina S. Bogdanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127434 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mikhail I. Popchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (N.S.G.); (A.S.B.); (N.L.B.); (M.I.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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10
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An J, Kim SH, Bahk S, Le Anh Pham M, Park J, Ramadany Z, Lee J, Hong JC, Chung WS. Quercetin induces pathogen resistance through the increase of salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2270835. [PMID: 37902267 PMCID: PMC10761074 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2270835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonol belonging to the flavonoid group of polyphenols. Quercetin is reported to have a variety of biological functions, including antioxidant, pigment, auxin transport inhibitor and root nodulation factor. Additionally, quercetin is known to be involved in bacterial pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis through the transcriptional increase of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying how quercetin promotes pathogen resistance remain elusive. In this study, we showed that the transcriptional increases of PR genes were achieved by the monomerization and nuclear translocation of nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 (NPR1). Interestingly, salicylic acid (SA) was approximately 2-fold accumulated by the treatment with quercetin. Furthermore, we showed that the increase of SA biosynthesis by quercetin was induced by the transcriptional increases of typical SA biosynthesis-related genes. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that quercetin induces bacterial pathogen resistance through the increase of SA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk An
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwa Bahk
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Le Anh Pham
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Zakiyah Ramadany
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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11
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Yang Y, Chen M, Zhang W, Zhu H, Li H, Niu X, Zhou Z, Hou X, Zhu J. Metabolome combined with transcriptome profiling reveals the dynamic changes in flavonoids in red and green leaves of Populus × euramericana 'Zhonghuahongye'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1274700. [PMID: 38179486 PMCID: PMC10764563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1274700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have economic value and are essential for health. Poplar is a model perennial woody tree that is often used to study the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid synthesis. We used a poplar bud mutant, the red leaf poplar variety 2025 (Populus × euramericana 'Zhonghuahongye'), and green leaves as study materials and selected three stages of leaf color changes for evaluation. Phenotypic and biochemical analyses showed that the total flavonoid, polyphenol, and anthocyanin contents of red leaves were higher than those of green leaves in the first stage, and the young and tender leaves of the red leaf variety had higher antioxidant activity. The analyses of widely targeted metabolites identified a total of 273 flavonoid metabolites (114 flavones, 41 flavonols, 34 flavonoids, 25 flavanones, 21 anthocyanins, 18 polyphenols, 15 isoflavones, and 5 proanthocyanidins). The greatest difference among the metabolites was found in the first stage. Most flavonoids accumulated in red leaves, and eight anthocyanin compounds contributed to red leaf coloration. A comprehensive metabolomic analysis based on RNA-seq showed that most genes in the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways were differentially expressed in the two types of leaves. The flavonoid synthesis genes CHS (chalcone synthase gene), FLS (flavonol synthase gene), ANS (anthocyanidin synthase gene), and proanthocyanidin synthesis gene LAR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase gene) might play key roles in the differences in flavonoid metabolism. A correlation analysis of core metabolites and genes revealed several candidate regulators of flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, including five MYB (MYB domain), three bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix), and HY5 (elongated hypocotyl 5) transcription factors. This study provides a reference for the identification and utilization of flavonoid bioactive components in red-leaf poplar and improves the understanding of the differences in metabolism and gene expression between red and green leaves at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Zhu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjiang Niu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zongshun Zhou
- China Experimental Centre of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Hou
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingle Zhu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Ling Y, Xiong X, Yang W, Liu B, Shen Y, Xu L, Lu F, Li M, Guo Y, Zhang X. Comparative Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveals Defense Mechanisms in Melon Cultivars against Pseudoperonospora cubensis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17552. [PMID: 38139381 PMCID: PMC10743968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) represents an agriculturally significant horticultural crop that is widely grown for its flavorful fruits. Downy mildew (DM), a pervasive foliar disease, poses a significant threat to global melon production. Although several quantitative trait loci related to DM resistance have been identified, the comprehensive genetic underpinnings of this resistance remain largely uncharted. In this study, we utilized integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches to identify potential resistance-associated genes and delineate the strategies involved in the defense against DM in two melon cultivars: the resistant 'PI442177' ('K10-1') and the susceptible 'Huangdanzi' ('K10-9'), post-P. cubensis infection. Even in the absence of the pathogen, there were distinctive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 'K10-1' and 'K10-9'. When P. cubensis was infected, certain genes, including flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA (FER), and the HD-ZIP transcription factor member, AtHB7, displayed pronounced expression differences between the cultivars. Notably, our data suggest that following P. cubensis infection, both cultivars suppressed flavonoid biosynthesis via the down-regulation of associated genes whilst concurrently promoting lignin production. The complex interplay of transcriptomic and metabolic responses elucidated by this study provides foundational insights into melon's defense mechanisms against DM. The robust resilience of 'K10-1' to DM is attributed to the synergistic interaction of its inherent transcriptomic and metabolic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Ling
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.L.); (W.Y.); (B.L.); (Y.S.); (L.X.); (M.L.)
| | - Xianpeng Xiong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China;
| | - Wenli Yang
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.L.); (W.Y.); (B.L.); (Y.S.); (L.X.); (M.L.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.L.); (W.Y.); (B.L.); (Y.S.); (L.X.); (M.L.)
| | - Yue Shen
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.L.); (W.Y.); (B.L.); (Y.S.); (L.X.); (M.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.L.); (W.Y.); (B.L.); (Y.S.); (L.X.); (M.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Fuyuan Lu
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
| | - Meihua Li
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.L.); (W.Y.); (B.L.); (Y.S.); (L.X.); (M.L.)
| | - Yangdong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.L.); (W.Y.); (B.L.); (Y.S.); (L.X.); (M.L.)
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Hainan Sanya Experimental Center for Crop Breeding, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572019, China
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13
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Chen T, Cao H, Wang M, Qi M, Sun Y, Song Y, Yang Q, Meng D, Lian N. Integrated transcriptome and physiological analysis revealed core transcription factors that promote flavonoid biosynthesis in apricot in response to pathogenic fungal infection. PLANTA 2023; 258:64. [PMID: 37555984 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Integrated transcriptome and physiological analysis of apricot leaves after Fusarium solani treatment. In addition, we identified core transcription factors and flavonoid-related synthase genes which may function in apricot disease resistance. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is an important economic fruit species, whose yield and quality of fruit are limited owing to its susceptibility to diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of P. armeniaca to diseases is still unknown. In this study, we used physiology and transcriptome analysis to characterize responses of P. armeniaca subjected to Fusarium solani. The results showed increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, enhanced peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity during F. solani infestation. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 4281 upregulated DEGs and 3305 downregulated DEGs, were detected in P. armeniaca leaves exposed to F. solani infestation. Changes in expression of transcription factors (TFs), including bHLH, AP2/ERF, and WRKY indicated their role in triggering pathogen-responsive genes in P. armeniaca. During the P. armeniaca response to F. solani infestation, the content of total flavonoid was changed, and we identified enzyme genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Ectopic overexpression of PabHLH15 and PabHLH102 in Nicotiana benthamiana conferred elevated resistance to Fspa_1. Moreover, PabHLH15 and PabHLH102 positively interact with the promoter of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. A regulatory network of TFs regulating enzyme genes related to flavonoid synthesis affecting apricot disease resistance was constructed. These results reveal the potential underlying mechanisms of the F. solani response of P. armeniaca, which would help improve the disease resistance of P. armeniaca and may cultivate high-quality disease-resistant varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Qi
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | | | - Yangbo Song
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong Meng
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Lian
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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14
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Wu J, Lv S, Zhao L, Gao T, Yu C, Hu J, Ma F. Advances in the study of the function and mechanism of the action of flavonoids in plants under environmental stresses. PLANTA 2023; 257:108. [PMID: 37133783 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review summarizes the anti-stress effects of flavonoids in plants and highlights its role in the regulation of polar auxin transport and free radical scavenging mechanism. As secondary metabolites widely present in plants, flavonoids play a vital function in plant growth, but also in resistance to stresses. This review introduces the classification, structure and synthetic pathways of flavonoids. The effects of flavonoids in plant stress resistance were enumerated, and the mechanism of flavonoids in plant stress resistance was discussed in detail. It is clarified that plants under stress accumulate flavonoids by regulating the expression of flavonoid synthase genes. It was also determined that the synthesized flavonoids are transported in plants through three pathways: membrane transport proteins, vesicles, and bound to glutathione S-transferase (GST). At the same time, the paper explores that flavonoids regulate polar auxin transport (PAT) by acting on the auxin export carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) in the form of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B/P-glycoprotein (ABCB/PGP) transporter, which can help plants to respond in a more dominant form to stress. We have demonstrated that the number and location of hydroxyl groups in the structure of flavonoids can determine their free radical scavenging ability and also elucidated the mechanism by which flavonoids exert free radical removal in cells. We also identified flavonoids as signaling molecules to promote rhizobial nodulation and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance plant-microbial symbiosis in defense to stresses. Given all this knowledge, we can foresee that the in-depth study of flavonoids will be an essential way to reveal plant tolerance and enhance plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Sidi Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tian Gao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Kerchin District Branch Office, Tongliao City Ecological Environment Bureau, Tongliao, 028006, China
| | - Jianing Hu
- Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, 116032, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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15
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Bai Q, Niu Z, Chen Q, Gao C, Zhu M, Bai J, Liu M, He L, Liu J, Jiang Y, Wan D. The C 2 H 2 -type zinc finger transcription factor OSIC1 positively regulates stomatal closure under osmotic stress in poplar. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:943-960. [PMID: 36632734 PMCID: PMC10106854 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salt and drought impair plant osmotic homeostasis and greatly limit plant growth and development. Plants decrease stomatal aperture to reduce water loss and maintain osmotic homeostasis, leading to improved stress tolerance. Herein, we identified the C2 H2 transcription factor gene OSMOTIC STRESS INDUCED C2 H2 1 (OSIC1) from Populus alba var. pyramidalis to be induced by salt, drought, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of OSIC1 conferred transgenic poplar more tolerance to high salinity, drought and PEG6000 treatment by reducing stomatal aperture, while its mutant generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, OSIC1 directly up-regulates PalCuAOζ in vitro and in vivo, encoding a copper-containing polyamine oxidase, to enhance H2 O2 accumulation in guard cells and thus modulates stomatal closure when stresses occur. Additionally, ABA-, drought- and salt-induced PalMPK3 phosphorylates OSIC1 to increase its transcriptional activity to PalCuAOζ. This regulation of OSIC1 at the transcriptional and protein levels guarantees rapid stomatal closure when poplar responds to osmotic stress. Our results revealed a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism of H2 O2 production in guard cells mediated by the OSIC1-PalCuAOζ module. These findings deepen our understanding of how perennial woody plants, like poplar, respond to osmotic stress caused by salt and drought and provide potential targets for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of PharmacologyNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Zhimin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qingyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Chengyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Mingjia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jiexian Bai
- College of Computer Information Engineering,Shanxi Technology and Business CollegeTaiyuanChina
| | - Meijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Ling He
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yuanzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Bio‐resources and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem, College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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16
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Pharmacological mechanism of natural drugs and their active ingredients in the treatment of arrhythmia via calcium channel regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114413. [PMID: 36805187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmia is characterized by abnormal heartbeat rhythms and frequencies caused by heart pacing and conduction dysfunction. Arrhythmia is the leading cause of death in patients with cardiovascular disease, with high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a serious risk to human health. Natural drugs and their active ingredients, such as matrine(MAT), tetrandrine(TET), dehydroevodiamine, tanshinone IIA, and ginsenosides, have been widely used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beats, sick sinus syndrome, and other arrhythmia-like diseases owing to their unique advantages. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of natural drugs and their active ingredients in the treatment of arrhythmia via the regulation of Ca2+, such as alkaloids, quinones, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and lignan compounds, to provide ideas for the innovative development of natural drugs with potential antiarrhythmic efficacy.
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Dreischhoff S, Das IS, Häffner F, Wolf AM, Polle A, Kasper KH. Fast and easy bioassay for the necrotizing fungus Botrytis cinerea on poplar leaves. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:32. [PMID: 36991511 PMCID: PMC10061990 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing pathogens pose an immense economic and ecological threat to trees and forests, but the molecular analysis of these pathogens is still in its infancy because of lacking model systems. To close this gap, we developed a reliable bioassay for the widespread necrotic pathogen Botrytis cinerea on poplars (Populus sp.), which are established model organisms to study tree molecular biology. RESULTS Botrytis cinerea was isolated from Populus x canescens leaves. We developed an infection system using fungal agar plugs, which are easy to handle. The method does not require costly machinery and results in very high infection success and significant fungal proliferation within four days. We successfully tested the fungal plug infection on 18 poplar species from five different sections. Emerging necroses were phenotypically and anatomically examined in Populus x canescens leaves. We adapted methods for image analyses of necrotic areas. We calibrated B. cinerea DNA against Ct-values obtained by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and measured the amounts of fungal DNA in infected leaves. Increases in necrotic area and fungal DNA were strictly correlated within the first four days after inoculation. Methyl jasmonate pretreatment of poplar leaves decreased the spreading of the infection. CONCLUSIONS We provide a simple and rapid protocol to study the effects of a necrotizing pathogen on poplar leaves. The bioassay and fungal DNA quantification for Botrytis cinerea set the stage for in-depth molecular studies of immunity and resistance to a generalist necrotic pathogen in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dreischhoff
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ishani Shankar Das
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Häffner
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Henrik Kasper
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Fang J, Yin W, Yan X, Tu M, Liu H, Zhang Z, Li Z, Gao M, Lu H, Wang Y, Wang X. VqWRKY56 interacts with VqbZIPC22 in grapevine to promote proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and increase resistance to powdery mildew. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1856-1875. [PMID: 36527243 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is a severe fungal disease of cultivated grapevine world-wide. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) play an important role in resistance to fungal pathogens; however, little is known about PA-mediated PM resistance in grapevine. We identified a WRKY transcription factor, VqWRKY56, from Vitis quinquangularis, the expression of which was significantly induced by PM. Overexpression (OE) of VqWRKY56 in Vitis vinifera increased PA content and reduced susceptibility to PM. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed more cell death and increased accumulation of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. Transient silencing of VqWRKY56 in V. quinquangularis and V. vinifera reduced PA accumulation and increased the susceptibility to PM. VqWRKY56 interacted with VqbZIPC22 in vitro and in planta. The protein VqWRKY56 can bind to VvCHS3, VvLAR1, and VvANR promoters, and VqbZIPC22 can bind to VvANR promoter. Co-expression of VqWRKY56 and VqbZIPC22 significantly increased the transcript level of VvCHS3, VvLAR1, and VvANR genes. Finally, transient OE of VqbZIPC22 in V. vinifera promoted PA accumulation and improved resistance to PM, while transient silencing in V. quinquangularis had the opposite effect. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of PA regulation by VqWRKY56 in grapevine and provides a basis for further metabolic engineering of PA biosynthesis to improve PM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xianhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinghao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wuchen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingxing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhengda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Dar GJ, Nazir R, Wani SA, Farooq S. Isolation, molecular characterization and first report of Dothiorella gregaria associated with fruit rot of walnuts of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105989. [PMID: 36646293 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are known for their high levels of antioxidants, which are linked to various health benefits. However, challenges related to distribution and storage, as well as the risk of fungal infections, can affect the quality of walnut kernels. Fungal pathogens from the Botryosphaeriaceae family, including Dothiorella species and Diplodia species, can damage fruit and reduce its antioxidant content. To comprehend the cause of fruit rot in walnuts, Dothiorella gregaria isolates were studied using polyphasic methods, including multiple gene sequences and morphological identification, as well as analysis of polyphenol content and pathogenicity. The walnuts kernels purchased from market places of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India were observed to be affected by Dothiorella gregaria species causing the quality detoriation and decrease in polyphenol content thus undeniably with decreased antioxidant properties. D. gregaria Infected walnut kernels were having some brown and black spots and some were having white mycelial growth and however, most samples were asymptomatic. Pathogenicity testing revealed that the pathogen was able to develop all the symptoms under experimental conditions and the reisolated pathogen was morphologically similar to D. gregaria. The samples infected with this pathogen showed considerable decrease in polyphenol content, 10.9 ± 2.66 mgGAE/g (mean ± standard deviation) thus decreased antioxidant quality as compared to the samples which showed zero incidence of this pathogen, 52.50 ± 4.27 mgGAE/g (mean ± standard deviation). Furthermore, the pathogen was studied using polyphasic approach involving morphological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Combined nucleotide dataset of nuclear ribosomal ITS and tef1-α revealed that Dothiorella gregaria (NY6) formed a clade with Dothiorlla iberica (MAEC33), Dothiorella sarmentorium (MAEC28) and Dothiorella iberica (CAA905) strains with 83% bootstrap support. Besides, we observed six nucleotide changes, four were insertions or deletions and two were substitutions in the 502-bp region of the ITS rRNA gene when we compared our isolate to the most equivalent sequences submitted to NCBI GenBank. This is the first report of Dothiorella gregaria affecting walnuts purchased from various markets in J&K, India, causing fruit rot in walnuts after harvest. Given that local farmers store and export walnuts, it could pose an emerging threat to their livelihood. Thus, creating post-harvesting interventions for D. gregaria and knowing more about the fruit rot in walnuts can be benefited from morphological and molecular identification using several gene loci, genetic variability in the ITS rRNA gene, and total phenol analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Jeelani Dar
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Shakil A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Saleem Farooq
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Cajanus platycarpus Flavonoid 3'5' Hydroxylase_2 ( CpF3'5'H_2) Confers Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera by Modulating Total Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Transgenic Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021755. [PMID: 36675270 PMCID: PMC9862005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagus herbivorous pest, tremendously incurs crop damage in economically important crops. This necessitates the identification and utility of novel genes for the control of the herbivore. The present study deals with the characterization of a flavonoid 3'5' hydroxylase_2 (F3'5'H_2) from a pigeonpea wild relative Cajanus platycarpus, possessing a robust chemical resistance response to H. armigera. Though F3'5'H_2 displayed a dynamic expression pattern in both C. platycarpus (Cp) and the cultivated pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (Cc) during continued herbivory, CpF3'5'H_2 showed a 4.6-fold increase vis a vis 3-fold in CcF3'5'H_2. Despite similar gene copy numbers in the two Cajanus spp., interesting genic and promoter sequence changes highlighted the stress responsiveness of CpF3'5'H_2. The relevance of CpF3'5'H_2 in H. armigera resistance was further validated in CpF3'5'H_2-overexpressed transgenic tobacco based on reduced leaf damage and increased larval mortality through an in vitro bioassay. As exciting maiden clues, CpF3'5'H_2 deterred herbivory in transgenic tobacco by increasing total flavonoids, polyphenols and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity. To the best of our knowledge, this is a maiden attempt ascertaining the role of F3'5'H_2 gene in the management of H. armigera. These interesting leads suggest the potential of this pivotal branch-point gene in biotic stress management programs.
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Kaur S, Tiwari V, Kumari A, Chaudhary E, Sharma A, Ali U, Garg M. Protective and defensive role of anthocyanins under plant abiotic and biotic stresses: An emerging application in sustainable agriculture. J Biotechnol 2023; 361:12-29. [PMID: 36414125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is the major cause of abiotic and biotic stresses that reduce plant growth and productivity. Various stresses such as drought, low temperature, pathogen attack, high temperature and salinity all negatively influence plant growth and development. Due to sessile beings, they cannot escape from these adverse conditions. However, plants develop a variety of systems that can help them to tolerate, resist, and escape challenges imposed by the environment. Among them, anthocyanins are a good example of stress mitigators. They aid plant growth and development by increasing anthocyanin accumulation, which leads to increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In the primary metabolism of plants, anthocyanin improves the photosynthesis rate, membrane permeability, up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and optimizes nutrient uptake. Generally, the most important genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated under various abiotic and biotic stresses. The present review will highlight anthocyanin mediated stress tolerance in plants under various abiotic and biotic stresses. We have also compiled literature related to genetically engineer stress-tolerant crops generated using over-expression of genes belonging to anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway or its regulation. To sum up, the present review provides an up-to-date description of various signal transduction mechanisms that modulate or enhance anthocyanin accumulation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Vandita Tiwari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Era Chaudhary
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Usman Ali
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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22
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Characterization of Highbush Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Related MYBs and Functional Analysis of VcMYB Gene. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:379-399. [PMID: 36661513 PMCID: PMC9857026 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important transcription factors regulating plant anthocyanin biosynthesis, MYB has attracted great attentions. In this study, we identified fifteen candidate anthocyanin biosynthesis related MYB (ABRM) proteins, including twelve R2R3-MYBs and three 1R-MYBs, from highbush blueberry. The subcellular localization prediction results showed that, with the exception of VcRVE8 (localized in chloroplast and nucleus), all of the blueberry ABRMs were nucleus-localized. The gene structure analysis revealed that the exon numbers of the blueberry ABRM genes varied greatly, ranging between one and eight. There are many light-responsive, phytohormone-responsive, abiotic stress-responsive and plant growth and development related cis-acting elements in the promoters of the blueberry ABRM genes. It is noteworthy that almost all of their promoters contain light-, ABA- and MeJA-responsive elements, which is consistent with the well-established results that anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of MYBs are influenced significantly by many factors, such as light, ABA and JA. The gene expression analysis revealed that VcMYB, VcMYB6, VcMYB23, VcMYBL2 and VcPH4 are expressed abundantly in blueberry fruits, and VcMYB is expressed the highest in the red, purple and blue fruits among all blueberry ABRMs. VcMYB shared high similarity with functionally proven ABRMs from many other plant species. The gene cloning results showed that VcMYB had three variable transcripts, but only the transient overexpression of VcMYB-1 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the green fruits. Our study can provide a basis for future research on the anthocyanin biosynthesis related MYBs in blueberry.
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23
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Vuong UT, Iswanto ABB, Nguyen Q, Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Kim SH. Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:17-45. [PMID: 36036862 PMCID: PMC9829404 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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24
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Wang L, Chen M, Lam PY, Dini-Andreote F, Dai L, Wei Z. Multifaceted roles of flavonoids mediating plant-microbe interactions. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:233. [PMID: 36527160 PMCID: PMC9756786 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions dynamically affect plant growth, health, and development. The mechanisms underpinning these associations are-to a large extent-mediated by specialized host-derived secondary metabolites. Flavonoids are one of the most studied classes of such metabolites, regulating both plant development and the interaction with commensal microbes. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the multiple roles of flavonoids in mediating plant-microbe interactions. First, we briefly summarize the general aspects of flavonoid synthesis, transport, and exudation in plants. Then, we review the importance of flavonoids regulating plant-microbe interactions and dynamically influencing the overall community assembly of plant-root microbiomes. Last, we highlight potential knowledge gaps in our understanding of how flavonoids determine the interactions between plants and commensal microbes. Collectively, we advocate the importance of advancing research in this area toward innovative strategies to effectively manipulate plant-microbiome composition, in this case, via flavonoid production and exudation in plant roots. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Moxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pui-Ying Lam
- Center for Crossover Education, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita City, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science & Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lei Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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25
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Pu Q, He Z, Xiang C, Shi S, Zhang L, Yang P. Integration of metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveals the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in purple radish leaves. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1799-1811. [PMID: 36484029 PMCID: PMC9723021 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments and play significant roles in multiple growth, development, and stress response processes in plants. The vegetables with high anthocyanin content have better colours, higher antioxidant activity than green vegetables and are potent antioxidants with health benefits. However, the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in purple and green leaves of Raphanus sativus (radish) is poorly understood and needs further investigation. In the present study, the pigment content in a green leaf cultivar "RA9" and a purple-leaf cultivar "MU17" was characterized and revealed that the MU17 had significantly increased accumulation of anthocyanins and reduced content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compared with that in RA9. Meanwhile, these two cultivars were subjected to a combination of metabolomic and transcriptome studies. A total of 52 massively content-changed metabolites and 3463 differentially expressed genes were discovered in MU17 compared with RA9. In addition, the content of significantly increased flavonoids (such as pelargonidin and cyanidin) was identified in MU17 compared to RA9 using an integrated analysis of metabolic and transcriptome data. Moreover, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results also confirmed the differences in the expression of genes related to pathways of flavonoids and anthocyanin metabolism in MU17 leaves. The present findings provide valuable information for anthocyanin metabolism and further genetic manipulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish leaves. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01245-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanming Pu
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Zihan He
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Chengyong Xiang
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Songmei Shi
- College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Peng Yang
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
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Lin Y, Laosatit K, Liu J, Chen J, Yuan X, Somta P, Chen X. The mungbean VrP locus encoding MYB90, an R2R3-type MYB protein, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895634. [PMID: 35937322 PMCID: PMC9355716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in several tissues/parts of plants. The pigments provide color and are wildly known for health benefits for human, insect attraction for plant pollination, and stress resistance in plants. Anthocyanin content variations in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were first noticed a long time ago, but the genetic mechanism controlling the anthocyanins in mungbean remains unknown. An F2 population derived from the cross between purple-hypocotyl (V2709) and green-hypocotyl (Sulv1) mungbeans was used to map the VrP locus controlling purple hypocotyl. The VrP locus was mapped to a 78.9-kb region on chromosome 4. Sequence comparison and gene expression analysis identified an R2R3-MYB gene VrMYB90 as the candidate gene for the VrP locus. Haplotype analysis using 124 mungbean accessions suggested that 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 3 may lead to an abolished expression of VrMYB90 and an absence of anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl of Sulv1 and KPS2. The overexpression of VrMYB90 in mungbean hairy root, tobacco leaf, and Arabidopsis resulted in anthocyanin accumulation (purple color). Gene expression analysis demonstrated that VrMYB90 regulated anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl, stem, petiole, and flowers, and the expression was sensitive to light. VrMYB90 protein may upregulate VrDFR encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase at the late biosynthesis step of anthocyanins in mungbeans. These results suggest that VrMYB90 is the dominator in the spatiotemporal regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results provide insight into the biosynthesis mechanism of anthocyanin and a theoretical basis for breeding mungbeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kularb Laosatit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingbing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Naik J, Misra P, Trivedi PK, Pandey A. Molecular components associated with the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111196. [PMID: 35193745 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids exhibit amazing structural diversity and play different roles in plants. Besides, these compounds have been associated with several health benefits in humans. Several exogenous and endogenous cues, for example, light, temperature, nutrient status, and phytohormones have been reported as modulators of biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoids. Thus, multiple hormones and stress-related signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of gene expression associated with this pathway. The transcriptional regulators belonging to the MYB and bHLH family transcription factors are well documented as the direct regulators of the structural genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Recent studies also suggest that some of these factors are regulated by molecular components involved in stress and hormone signaling pathways. Adapter proteins for transcriptional activation or repression via recruitment of co-activators and co-repressors, respectively, E2 ubiquitin ligases, miRNA processing complex, and DNA methylation/demethylation factors have been recently discovered in various plants to play key roles in fine-tuning flavonoids synthesis. In the present review, we aim to provide comprehensive information about the role of different factors in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Besides, we describe the potential upstream regulators involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis within the context of available information. To sum up, the present review furnishes an updated account of signal transduction pathways modulating the biosynthesis of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogindra Naik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Science and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | | | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Dehghanian Z, Habibi K, Dehghanian M, Aliyar S, Lajayer BA, Astatkie T, Minkina T, Keswani C. Reinforcing the Bulwark: Unravelling the Efficient Applications of Plant Phenolics and Tannins against Environmental Stresses. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09094. [PMID: 35309390 PMCID: PMC8927939 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-related bHLH Genes in Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413274. [PMID: 34948071 PMCID: PMC8708680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (bHLHs) play very important roles in the anthocyanin biosynthesis of many plant species. However, the reports on blueberry anthocyanin biosynthesis-related bHLHs were very limited. In this study, six anthocyanin biosynthesis-related bHLHs were identified from blueberry genome data through homologous protein sequence alignment. Among these blueberry bHLHs, VcAN1, VcbHLH42-1, VcbHLH42-2 and VcbHLH42-3 were clustered into one group, while VcbHLH1-1 and VcbHLH1-2 were clustered into the other group. All these bHLHs were of the bHLH-MYC_N domain, had DNA binding sites and reported conserved amino acids in the bHLH domain, indicating that they were all G-box binding proteins. Protein subcellular location prediction result revealed that all these bHLHs were nucleus-located. Gene structure analysis showed that VcAN1 gDNA contained eight introns, while all the others contained seven introns. Many light-, phytohormone-, stress- and plant growth and development-related cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) were identified in their promoters, but the types and numbers of cis-elements and TFBSs varied greatly between the two bHLH groups. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that VcAN1 expressed highly in old leaf, stem and blue fruit, and its expression increased as the blueberry fruit ripened. Its expression in purple podetium and old leaf was respectively significantly higher than in green podetium and young leaf, indicating that VcAN1 plays roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation not only in fruit but also in podetium and leaf. VcbHLH1-1 expressed the highest in young leaf and stem, and the lowest in green fruit. The expression of VcbHLH1-1 also increased as the fruit ripened, and its expression in blue fruit was significantly higher than in green fruit. VcbHLH1-2 showed high expression in stem but low expression in fruit, especially in red fruit. Our study indicated that the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory functions of these bHLHs showed certain spatiotemporal specificity. Additionally, VcAN1 might be a key gene controlling the anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry, whose function is worth exploring further for its potential applications in plant high anthocyanin breeding.
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Ahmed U, Rao MJ, Qi C, Xie Q, Noushahi HA, Yaseen M, Shi X, Zheng B. Expression Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes and Secondary Metabolites Accumulation in Populus under Drought Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:5546. [PMID: 34577017 PMCID: PMC8467073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are key secondary metabolites that are biologically active and perform diverse functions in plants such as stress defense against abiotic and biotic stress. In addition to its importance, no comprehensive information has been available about the secondary metabolic response of Populus tree, especially the genes that encode key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis under drought stress. In this study, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes (PtPAL, Pt4-CL, PtCHS, PtFLS-1, PtF3H, PtDFR, and PtANS) gradually increased in the leaves of hybrid poplar (P. tremula × P. alba), corresponding to the drought stress duration. In addition, the activity and capacity of antioxidants have also increased, which is positively correlated with the increment of phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid compounds under drought stress. As the drought stress prolonged, the level of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (O2-) too increased. The concentration of phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) also increased significantly in the stressed poplar leaves. Our research concluded that drought stress significantly induced the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in hybrid poplar plants and enhanced the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with resilient antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (U.A.); (C.Q.); (Q.X.)
| | - Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Cheng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (U.A.); (C.Q.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (U.A.); (C.Q.); (Q.X.)
| | - Hamza Armghan Noushahi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Wuzhishan National Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Research Station, Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Xueping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (U.A.); (C.Q.); (Q.X.)
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (U.A.); (C.Q.); (Q.X.)
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Impact of Plant-Associated Bacteria on the In Vitro Growth and Pathogenic Resistance against Phellinus tremulae of Different Aspen ( Populus) Genotypes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091901. [PMID: 34576797 PMCID: PMC8468027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspens (Populus tremula and its hybrids), economically and ecologically important fast-growing trees, are often damaged by Phellinus tremulae, a rot-causing fungus. Plant-associated bacteria can be used to increase plant growth and resistance; however, no systematic studies relating the activity of symbiotic bacteria to aspen resistance against Phellinus tremulae have been conducted so far. The present pioneer study investigated the responses of two Populus tremula and two P. tremula × P. tremuloides genotypes to in vitro inoculations with, first, either Pseudomonas sp. or Paenibacillus sp. bacteria (isolated originally from hybrid aspen tissue cultures and being most closely related to Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Paenibacillus tundrae, respectively) and, in the subsequent stage, with Phellinus tremulae. Both morphological parameters of in vitro-grown plants and biochemical content of their leaves, including photosynthesis pigments and secondary metabolites, were analyzed. It was found that both Populus tremula × P. tremuloides genotypes, whose development in vitro was significantly damaged by Phellinus tremulae, were characterized by certain responses to the studied bacteria: decreased shoot development by both Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. and increased phenol content by Pseudomonas sp. In turn, these responses were lacking in both Populus tremula genotypes that showed in vitro resistance to the fungus. Moreover, these genotypes showed positive long-term growth responses to bacterial inoculation, even synergistic with the subsequent fungal inoculation. Hence, the studied bacteria were demonstrated as a potential tool for the improved in vitro propagation of fungus-resistant aspen genotypes.
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Zhang H, Huang Q, Yi L, Song X, Li L, Deng G, Liang J, Chen F, Yu M, Long H. PAL-mediated SA biosynthesis pathway contributes to nematode resistance in wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:698-712. [PMID: 33974322 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is deleterious to Triticeae crops and is a threat to the global crop yield. Accession no. 1 of Aegilops variabilis, a relative of Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), is highly resistant to CCN. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene AevPAL1 in Ae. variabilis is strongly induced by CCN. PAL, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism, is involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, its role in plant-CCN interaction remains unknown. In the present study, we proved that AevPAL1 helps to confer CCN resistance through affecting the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) and downstream secondary metabolites. The silencing of AevPAL1 increased the incidence of CCN infection in roots and decreased the accumulation of SA and phenylalanine (Phe)-derived specialized metabolites. The exogenous pre-application of SA also improved CCN resistance. Additionally, the functions of PAL in phenylpropanoid metabolism correlated with tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) functioning in tryptophan metabolism pathways. The silencing of either AevPAL1 or AevTDC1 exhibited a concomitant reduction in the expression of both genes and the contents of metabolites downstream of PAL and TDC. These results suggested that AevPAL1, possibly in coordination with AevTDC1, positively contributes to CCN resistance by altering the downstream secondary metabolites and SA content in Ae. variabilis. Moreover, AevPAL1 overexpression significantly enhanced CCN resistance in bread wheat and did not exhibit significant negative effects on yield-related traits, suggesting that AevPAL1 is valuable for the genetic improvement of CCN resistance in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Sichuan Tea, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Guangbing Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Maoqun Yu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Jiang L, Wu P, Yang L, Liu C, Guo P, Wang H, Wang S, Xu F, Zhuang Q, Tong X, Liu P, Luo L. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the induction of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in the interaction of Stylosanthes-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Genomics 2021; 113:2702-2716. [PMID: 34111523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum, a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range, causes a yield-limiting disease called anthracnose. Stylo (Stylosanthes) is a dominant pasture legume in tropics and subtropics, and anthracnose is one of its most destructive disease. Resistance mechanisms against anthracnose in stylo are poorly understood, thus hindering the development of resistant varieties. We performed time-resolved leaf transcriptomics, metabolomics and in vitro inhibition assay to investigate the defense responses against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in stylo. Transcriptomics demonstrated that flavonoid biosynthetic genes were significantly induced during the infection. Consistently, metabolomics also showed the increased accumulation of flavonoid compounds. In vitro assays showed that phloretin and naringenin inhibited the mycelial growth, and apigenin, daidzein, quercetin and kaempferol suppressed conidial germination of Colletotrichum strains. Together, our results suggest that stylo plants cope with C. gloeosporioides by up-regulation of genes and compounds in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, providing potential targets for resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Liyun Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Chun Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Shaocai Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Fupeng Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Qiwang Zhuang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Xinzhuo Tong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Pandao Liu
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, PR China.
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Dong NQ, Lin HX. Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant-environment interactions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:180-209. [PMID: 33325112 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid metabolism is one of the most important metabolisms in plants, yielding more than 8,000 metabolites contributing to plant development and plant-environment interplay. Phenylpropanoid metabolism materialized during the evolution of early freshwater algae that were initiating terrestrialization and land plants have evolved multiple branches of this pathway, which give rise to metabolites including lignin, flavonoids, lignans, phenylpropanoid esters, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, and sporopollenin. Recent studies have revealed that many factors participate in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and modulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis when plants undergo successive developmental processes and are subjected to stressful environments. In this review, we summarize recent progress on elucidating the contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to the coordination of plant development and plant-environment interaction, and metabolic flux redirection among diverse metabolic routes. In addition, our review focuses on the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels, and in response to phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Qian Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Liu J, Wang J, Wang M, Zhao J, Zheng Y, Zhang T, Xue L, Lei J. Genome-Wide Analysis of the R2R3-MYB Gene Family in Fragaria × ananassa and Its Function Identification During Anthocyanins Biosynthesis in Pink-Flowered Strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:702160. [PMID: 34527006 PMCID: PMC8435842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.702160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an economically important fruit throughout the world. The large R2R3-MYB gene family participates in a variety of plant functions, including anthocyanin biosynthesis. The present study is the first genome-wide analysis of the MYB gene family in the octoploid strawberry and describes the identification and characterization of the family members using the recently sequenced F. × ananassa genome. Specifically, we aimed to identify the key MYBs involved in petal coloration in the pink-flowered strawberry, which increases its ornamental value. A comprehensive, genome-wide analysis of F. × ananassa R2R3-FaMYBs was performed, investigating gene structures, phylogenic relationships, promoter regions, chromosomal locations, and collinearity. A total of 393 R2R3-FaMYB genes were identified in the F. × ananassa genome and divided into 36 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. Most genes with similar functions in the same subgroup exhibited similar exon-intron structures and motif compositions. These R2R3-FaMYBs were unevenly distributed over 28 chromosomes. The expansion of the R2R3-FaMYB gene family in the F. × ananassa genome was found to be caused mainly by segmental duplication. The Ka/Ks analysis indicated that duplicated R2R3-FaMYBs mostly experienced purifying selection and showed limited functional divergence after the duplication events. To elucidate which R2R3-FaMYB genes were associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in the petals of the pink-flowered strawberry, we compared transcriptional changes in different flower developmental stages using RNA-seq. There were 131 differentially expressed R2R3-FaMYB genes identified in the petals, of which three genes, FaMYB28, FaMYB54, and FaMYB576, appeared likely, based on the phylogenetic analysis, to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. The qRT-PCR showed that these three genes were more highly expressed in petals than in other tissues (fruit, leaf, petiole and stolon) and their expressions were higher in red compared to pink and white petals. These results facilitate the clarification on the roles of the R2R3-FaMYB genes in petal coloration in the pink-flowered strawberry. This work provides useful information for further functional analysis on the R2R3-FaMYB gene family in F. × ananassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingqian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Genepioneer Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xue
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xue,
| | - Jiajun Lei
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Jiajun Lei,
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